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Allowable Stresses

The document discusses different types of stresses that can occur in vessels: 1. Primary stresses include general membrane stress (Pm), general bending stress (Pb), and local stress (PL) which is the sum of Pm and a secondary stress. 2. Primary stresses act over the full cross section, are caused by mechanical loads, and are not self-limiting. Pm results from pressure and external forces while Pb is due to sustained loads that can cause collapse. 3. Secondary stresses include membrane (Qm) and bending (Qb) stresses that are localized near discontinuities. Peak stress (F) considers the combined effects of primary and secondary stresses.

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354 views2 pages

Allowable Stresses

The document discusses different types of stresses that can occur in vessels: 1. Primary stresses include general membrane stress (Pm), general bending stress (Pb), and local stress (PL) which is the sum of Pm and a secondary stress. 2. Primary stresses act over the full cross section, are caused by mechanical loads, and are not self-limiting. Pm results from pressure and external forces while Pb is due to sustained loads that can cause collapse. 3. Secondary stresses include membrane (Qm) and bending (Qb) stresses that are localized near discontinuities. Peak stress (F) considers the combined effects of primary and secondary stresses.

Uploaded by

ananyo_sengupta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary Stresses

Primary general membrane stress, Pm

Primary general bending stress, Pb

Primary local stress, PL=Pm+Qm

Have Some Self limitng Characteristics

Primary General Stresses:


1. 2. 3. 4. Act over a full cross section of the vessel Produced by mechanical loads (load induced) Not self-limiting Due to Pressure ,External forces and moments

Primary General Membrane Stress Pm:


1. This stress occurs across the entire cross section of the vessel. 2. It is remote from discontinuities such as head-shell intersections, cone-cylinder intersections, nozzles, and supports 3. Examples:
a) b) c) d) e) Circumferential and longitudinal stress due to pressure. Compressive and tensile axial stresses due to wind. Longitudinal stress due to the bending of the horizontal vessel over the saddles. Membrane stress in the center of the flat head. Membrane stress in the nozzle wall within the area of reinforcement due to pressure or external loads.
Axial compression due to weight.

f)

Primary General Bending Stress Pb:


1. Due to sustained loads and are capable of causing collapse of the vessel
a.Bending stress in the center of a flat head or crown of a dished head. b. Bending stress in a shallow conical head. c. Bending stress in the ligaments of closely spaced openings.

Controlled Document- Allowable Stress Combination

Secondary Stress

Secondary membrane stress, Qm

Secondary bending stress, Qb

Peak Stress F

Controlled Document- Allowable Stress Combination

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