On Thi Cao Hoc Mon Toan Kinh Te Phan I Quy Hoach Tuyen Tinh - Táº¡i 123doc - VN

ON TH CAO HOC
MON TOAN KNH TK

(GV: Trun Ngoc Ho - 2008)

PHAN : Q HOACH TYKN TNH

A - BA TOAN Q HOACH TYKN TNH

;1. MOT SO V O VK BA TOAN QHTT
1.1 Vi Ju 1. Mof x nghIop can san xuaf 3 IoaI banh: banh dau xanh, banh
fhap cam va banh doo. Iuong nguyon IIou duong, dau cho mof banh moI IoaI; Iuong
du fru nguyon IIou; fIon IaI cho mof banh moI IoaI duoc cho frong bang sau:

Nguyon
IIou
anh dau
xanh
anh
fhap cam
anh doo Iuong
du fru
uong 0,04kg 0,06 kg 0,05 kg 500 kg
au 0,07kg 0 kg 0,02 kg 300 kg
IaI 3 ngan 2 ngan 2,5 ngan

Hay Iap mo hnh baI foan fm so Iuong moI IoaI banh can san xuaf sao cho
khong bj dong vo nguyon IIou ma IaI daf duoc cao nhaf.
Gu. CoI x
1
, x
2
, x
3
Ian Iuof Ia so banh dau xanh, banh fhap cam va banh doo can
san xuaf. Iou kIon: x
j
0 |j=1, 2, 3). KhI do
1) TIon IaI fhu duoc Ia: f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
)= 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2,5x
3
|ngan).

2) Iuong duong duoc su dung Ia: 0,04x
1
+ 0,06x
2
+ 0,05x
3
|kg)
Ta phaI co 0,04x
1
+ 0,06x
2
+ 0,05x
3
500.

3) Iuong dau duoc su dung Ia: 0,07x
1
+ 0,02x
3
|kg)
Ta phaI co 0,07x
1
+ 0,02x
3
300.
Vay fa co mo hnh baI foan:
1
|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
)= 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2,5x
3
-------> max
VoI dIou kIon:
1 2 3
0,04x + 0,06x + 0,05x 500;
|2)
0,07x1 + 0,02x3 300.

|3) x
j
0 |j=1, 2, 3)

Ta noI day Ia mof baI foan quI hoach fuyon fnh 3 an fm max cua ham muc
fIou f|x) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2,5x
3
.
1.2 Vi Ju 2. Ta can van chuyon vaf IIou xay dung fu haI kho K
1
va K
2
don ba
cong fruong xay dung C
1
, C
2
, C
3
. Tong so vaf IIou co o moI kho, fong so vaf IIou
you cau o moI cong fruong, cung nhu khoang cach fu moI kho don moI cong fruong
duoc cho frong bang sau:

Cu Iy
CT

Kho
C1
15T
C2
25T
C3
20T
K1: 20T 5km
x
11
2km
x
12
3km
x
13
K2: 40T 4km
x
21
3km
x
22
1km
x
23

Hay Iap ko hoach van chuyon sao cho:
- Cac kho gIaI phong hof hang;
- Cac cong fruong nhan du vaf IIou can fhIof;
- Tong so T|fan) km phaI fhuc hIon Ia nho nhaf.
Gu. CoI x
Ij
Ia so fan vaf IIou so van chuyon fu kho K
j
don cong fruong C
j
. Iou
kIon: x
Ij
0 |I= 1, 2; j=1, 2, 3). KhI do
1) Tong so T km phaI fhuc hIon Ia:
f|x) = 5x
11
+ 2x
12
+ 3x
13
+ 4x
21
+ 3x
22
+ x
23
.
2) Tong so fan vaf IIou duoc van chuyon fu kho K
1
don cac cong fruong Ia x
11
+
x
12
+ x
13
.
o gIaI phong hof vaf IIou, fa phaI co x
11
+ x
12
+ x
13
= 20.

3) Tong so fan vaf IIou duoc van chuyon fu kho K
2
don cac cong fruong Ia x
21
+
x
22
+ x
23
.
2
o gIaI phong hof vaf IIou, fa phaI co x
21
+ x
22
+ x
23
= 40.

4) Tong so fan vaf IIou duoc van chuyon vo cong fruong C
1
Ia x
11
+ x
21
.
o C
1
nhan du vaf IIou , fa phaI co x
11
+ x
21
= 15.

2
Ia x
12
+ x
22
.
o C
2
12
+ x
22
= 25.

3
Ia x
13
+ x
23
.
o C
3
13
+ x
23
= 20.

Vay fa co mo hnh baI foan:

|1) f|x) = 5x
11
+ 2x
12
+ 3x
13
+ 4x
21
+ 3x
22
+ x
23
-------> mIn
VoI dIou kIon:
11 12 13
21 22 23
11 21
12 22
13 23
x + x + x = 20;
x + x + x = 40;
|2) x + x = 15;
x + x = 25;
x + x = 20.

|3) x
Ij
0 |I= 1, 2; j=1, 2, 3).

Ta noI day Ia mof baI foan quI hoach fuyon fnh 6 an fm mIn cua ham muc
fIou f|x) = 5x
11
+ 2x
12
+ 3x
13
+ 4x
21
+ 3x
22
+ x
23
.
;2. PHAN LOA OANG BA TOAN QHTT
2.1. Dang tong quat cua bai toan QHTT
n
j j
j 1
n
Ij j I 1
j 1
n
Ij j I 2
j 1
n
Ij j I 3
j 1
j 1 j 2 j
|1) f |x) c x mIn|max)
a x b , |I I );
|2) a x b , |I I );
a x b , |I I ).
|3) x 0 |j J ); x 0 |j J ); x fuy y |j J );
=
=
=
=
=
3

frong do
3
- f|x) Ia ham muc fIou;
- I
1
, I
2
, I
3
roI nhau va I
1
I
2
I
3
= {1,2,, ml;
- J
1
, J
2
, J
3
roI nhau va J
1
J
2
J
3
= {1,2,, nl;
- A = |a
Ij
)
mn
: Ma fran ho so rang buoc;
- = |b
1
, b
2
,, b
m
): Vocfo cac ho so fu do;
- C = |c
1
, c
2
,, c
m
): Vocfo ho so cac an frong ham muc fIou;
- x = |x
1
, x
2
,, x
n
): Vocfo cac an so.
KhI do
MoI vocfo x = |x
1
, x
2
,, x
n
) fhoa |2) va |3) duoc goI Ia mof phuong un
(PA) cua baI foan.
MoI phuong an x = |x
1
, x
2
,, x
n
) fhoa |1), nghIa Ia faI do ham muc fIou daf
gIa frj nho nhaf |Ion nhaf) fron fap cac phuong an, duoc goI Ia mof
phuong un to uu (PAT)cua baI foan.
CIaI mof baI foan QHTT Ia dI fm mof PAT! cua no hoac chI ra rang baI
foan vo nghIom, nghIa Ia khong co PAT!.

2.2. Dang cbinb tac cua bai toan QHTT
n
j j
j 1
n
Ij j I
j 1
j
|2) a x b , |I 1, m);
|3) x 0 |j 1, n).
=
=
=
= =
=

Nhun xet. aI foan QHTT dang chnh fac Ia baI foan dang fong quaf, frong do
- Cac rang buoc dou Ia phuong frnh.
- Cac an dou khong am.

VI du: aI foan sau co dang chnh fac:
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
|1) f |x) 2x 4x x 6x mIn
x 4x x 12;
|2) 12x 3x x x 3;
x x x x 6.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 4).
= +
+ =
+ + =
=

4
2.J. Dang cbuan cua bai toan QHTT
aI foan QHTT dang chuan Ia baI foan co dang chnh fac:
n
j j
j 1
n
Ij j I
j 1
j
|2) a x b , |I 1, m);
|3) x 0 |j 1, n).
=
=
=
= =
=

frong do
- Cac ho so fu do b
1
, b
2
,, b
m
dou khong am.
- Trong ma fran ho so rang buoc A = |a
Ij
)
mn
co day du m vocfo cof don vj
o
1
, o
2
,, o
m
:

1 2 m
1 0
0 1
o ; o ; ...; o . . 0
. .
0 0

= = =

0
0
.
0
1

KhI do
Cac an ung voI cac vocfo cof don vj duoc goI Ia cac un co bun. Cu fho an
ung voI vocfo cof don vj o
k
Ia un co bun thu k.
Mof phuong an ma cac an khong co ban dou bang 0 duoc goI Ia mof
phuong un co bun.
Mof phuong an co ban co du m fhanh phan duong |nghIa Ia moI an co ban
dou duong) duoc goI Ia khong suy ben. Nguoc IaI, mof phuong an co ban
co f hon m fhanh phan duong |nghIa Ia co f nhaf mof an co ban bang 0)
duoc goI Ia suy ben.

VI du. Xof baI foan QHTT sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 4 5
1 3 6
1 2 3 4
j
|1) f |x) 2x 4x x 6x x 4x mIn
x x x 12;
|2) 12x x x 3;
x x x x 6.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 6).
= + + +
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
=

fa fhay baI foan fron da co dang chnh fac, hon nua,
- Cac ho so fu do b
1
= 12, b
2
=3, b
3
= 6 dou khong am.
5
- Ma fran ho so rang buoc A Ia:

1 0 0 1 1 0
A 12 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 0 0

=

co chua day du 3 vocfo cof don vj o
1
|cof 5), o
2
|cof 6), o
3
|cof2).
o do baI foan co dang chuan, frong do
An co ban fhu 1 Ia x
5
.
6
.
2
.

Nhun xet. Trong baI foan fron, khI cho an co ban fhu k = ho so fu do fhu k, con
cac an khong co ban = 0, nghIa Ia
x
5
= 12; x
6
= 3; x
2
= 6; x
1
= 0; x
3
= 0; x
4
= 0;
fa duoc mof phuong an co ban cua baI foan:
x = |0, 6, 0, 0, 12, 3).

Phuong an nay khong suy bIon v co du 3 fhanh phan duong. Ta goI day Ia phuong
an co ban ban dau cua baI foan.

Chu y. Tong quaf, frong baI foan QHTT dang chuan baf ky, khI cho an co ban fhu
k = ho so fu do fhu k |k = 1, 2,, m), con cac an khong co ban = 0, fa duoc mof
phuong an co ban cua baI foan. Ta goI day Ia phuong un co bun bun duu cua
baI foan.

;3. BKN OO OANG BA TOAN QHTT
J.1. Dang tong quat Dang cbinb tac
Ta co fho bIon doI baI foan QHTT dang fong quaf vo dang chnh fac nhu
sau:
1. KhI gap rang buoc dang
n
I j j I
j 1
a x b
=

6
fa dua vao un phu x
n+
0 do bIon vo phuong frnh
n
Ij j n I I
j 1
a x x b
+
=
+ =

2. KhI gap rang buoc dang
n
Ij j I
j 1
a x b
=

fa dua vao un phu x
n+
0 do bIon vo phuong frnh
n
Ij j n I I
j 1
a x x b
+
=
=

3. KhI gap an x
j
0, fa doI bIon x
j
= - x
j
voI x
j
0.
4. KhI gap an x
j
fuy y, fa doI bIon x
j
= x
j
- x
j
voI x
j
0; x
j
0.

Chu y. KhI fm duoc PAT! cua baI foan dang chnh fac fa chI can fnh gIa frj cua
cac an ban dau va bo dI cac an phu, fh so duoc PAT! cua baI foan dang fong quaf
da cho.
VI du. Ion doI baI foan QHTT sau vo dang chnh fac:

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
)= 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2,5x
3
-------> max
1 2 3
1 3
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x 50;
|2) 7x + x 30;
2x + 3x - 5x = -25.

|3) x
1
0; x
2
0.

Gu.
- ua vao an phu x
4
0 do bIon baf phuong frnh
4x
1
- 6x
2
+ 5x
3
50
vo phuong frnh 4x
1
- 6x
2
+ 5x
3
+ x
4
= 50.

- ua vao an phu x
5
0 do bIon baf phuong frnh
7x
1
+ x
3
30
vo phuong frnh 7x
1
+ x
3
- x
5
= 30.
- oI bIon x
2
= - x
2
voI x
2
0.
- oI bIon x
3
= x
3
- x
3
voI x
3
0; x
3
0.

Ta dua baI foan vo dang chnh fac:

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
)= 3x
1
- 2x
2

+ 2,5 |x
3
- x
3
)

-------> max
7
1 2 3 3 4
1 3 3 5
1 2 3 3
4x + 6x' + 5|x' -x'' ) + x = 50;
|2) 7x + |x' -x'' ) - x 30;
2x - 3x' - 5|x' -x'' ) = -25.

|3) x
1
0; x
2
0; x
3
0; x
3
0; x
4
0; x
5
0.
J.2. Dang cbinb tac Dang cbuan.
Tu baI foan QHTT dang chnh fac fa co fho xay dung baI foan QHTT mo rong
co dang chuan nhu sau:
1. KhI gap ho so fu do b
I
< 0 fa doI dau haI vo cua rang buoc fhu I.
2. KhI ma fran ho so rang buoc A khong chua vocfo cof don vj fhu k Ia
o
k
, fa dua vao an gIa x
n+k
0 va cong fhom an gIa x
n+k
vao vo fraI
cua phuong frnh rang buoc fhu k do duoc phuong frnh rang buoc
moI:
n
kj j n k k
j 1
a x x b
+
=
+ =

3. Ham muc fIou mo rong f |x) duoc xay dung fu ham muc fIou f|x) ban
dau nhu sau:

- oI voI baI foan mIn:
f |x) f |x) M| an gIa ) = +

- oI voI baI foan max:
f |x) f |x) M| an gIa ) =

frong do M Ia daI Iuong duong raf Ion |Ion hon baf ky so nao cho fruoc).

VI du. Ion doI baI foan QHTT sau vo dang chuan:

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
-------> mIn
1 2 3
1 3 4
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x = 50;
|2) 7x + x + x = 0;
2x + 3x - 5x = -25.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,4)..
Gu. aI foan fron da co dang chnh fac, frong do vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang
buoc fhu ba Ia -25 < 0. oI dau haI vo cua phuong frnh nay fa duoc:

-2x
1
- 3x
2
+ 5x
3
= 25.
va |2 ) fro fhanh
8
1 2 3
1 3 4
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x = 50;
|2') 7x + x + x = 0;
-2x - 3x + 5x = 25.

Ma fran ho so rang buoc Ia
4 6 5 0 1
A 7 0 1 1 0 0
2 3 5 0 0
0
1

=

V A con fhIou 2 vocfo cof don vj Ia o
1
va o
3
non baI foan chua co dang chuan.
- Iap cac an gIa x
5
0 , x
6
0 va xay dung baI foan mo rong dang chuan nhu
sau:

f |x) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
+ Mx
5
+ Mx
6
-------> mIn
1 2 3 5
1 3 4
1 2 3 6
4x - 6x + 5x + x = 50;
7x + x + x = 0;
-2x - 3x + 5x + x = 25.

x
j
0 |j = 1,.., 6).


|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
-------> max
1 2 3
1 3 4
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x = 50;
|2) 7x + x + x = 0;
2x + 3x - 5x = -25.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,4)..

fa xay dung baI foan mo rong dang chuan nhu sau:

f |x) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
- Mx
5
- Mx
6
-------> max
1 2 3 5
1 3 4
1 2 3 6
4x - 6x + 5x + x = 50;
7x + x + x = 0;
-2x - 3x + 5x + x = 25.

x
j
0 |j = 1,.., 6).

J.J. Cbu y.
An phu: Dang tong quat Dang cbinb tac
An gIa : Dang cbinb tac Dang cbuan.
9
An gIa duoc dua vao mof cach gIa fao cof do ma fran ho so rang buoc co
chua du vocfo cof don vj, no chI duoc cong hnh fhuc vao vo fraI cua
phuong frnh rang buoc va fao non mof phuong frnh rang buoc moI.
Trong khI an phu bIon mof baf phuong frnh fhanh phuong frnh fhoo
dung IogIc foan hoc
Trong ham muc fIou mo rong, ho so cua cac an gIa dou bang M |doI voI baI
foan mIn) hoac dou bang M |doI voI baI foan max). Trong khI ho so cua
cac an phu dou bang 0 frong ham muc fIou.


|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
-------> mIn
2 3
3 4
1 2 3
- 9x + 15x 50;
|2) - 6x + 2x = -120;
x + 3x - 5x 45.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,4)
Gu. Truoc hof fa dua baI foan vo dang chnh fac bang cach cach dua vao 2 an
phu x
5
0 ; x
6
0:
|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
-------> mIn
2 3 5
3 4
1 2 3 6
- 9x + 15x + x = 50;
|2) - 6x + 2x = -120;
x + 3x - 5x - x = 45.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,6).
aI foan fron chua co dang chuan.
Ta fhay cac vo phaI cua cac phuong frnh rang buoc fhu 2 va 3 dou am non bang
cach doI dau haI vo cua cac phuong frnh nay fa duoc:
2 3 5
3 4
1 2 3 6
- 9x + 15x + x = 50;
|2) 6x - 2x = 120;
-x - 3x + 5x + x =45.

Ma fran ho so rang buoc Ia:
0 9 15 0 1 0
A 0 0 6 2 0 0 1
1 3 5 0 0 1
0
0

=

V A con fhIou 1 vocfo cof don vj Ia o
2
non baI foan chua co dang chuan.
- Iap an gIa x
7
0 va xay dung baI foan mo rong dang chuan nhu sau:

10
f |x) = 3x
1
+ 2x
2
+ 2x
3
+ x
4
+ Mx
7
-------> mIn
2 3 5
3 4 7
1 2 3 6
- 9x + 15x + x = 50;
6x - 2x + x = 120;
-x - 3x + 5x + x =45.

x
j
0 |j = 1,.., 7).

J.J. Quan bc giua bai toan xuat pbat oa bai toan mo rong

MoI quan ho gIua aI foan xuaf phaf |A) va aI foan mo rong |) nhu sau:

|) Vo nghIom |A) vo nghIom

MoI an gIa = 0 o cac an gIa, duoc PAT! cua |A).
|) Co nghIom
Co f nhaf mof an gIa >0 |A) khong co phuong an nao non

vo nghIom.
11
B- PHONG PHAP OON HNH

;1. PHONG PHAP OON HNH GA BA TOAN QHTT OANG CHAN
1.1.Tbuat toan giai bai toan min.
Xof baI foan QHTT dang chuan:
n
j j
j 1
11 1 12 2 1n n 1
21 1 22 2 2n n 2
m1 1 m2 2 mn n m
j
|1) f |x) c x mIn
a x a x ... a x b ;
a x a x ... a x b ;
|2)
..............................................
a x a x ... a x b .
|3) x 0 |j 1, n).
=
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

Qua mof so huu han cac buoc sau day fa so gIaI duoc baI foan QHTT fron, nghIa Ia
chung fo duoc rang baI foan vo nghIom hoac chI ra duoc mof phuong an foI uu cua
baI foan.
Buoc 1: Iap bang don hnh dau fIon:
Xac djnh cac an co ban 1, 2,, m Ian Iuof Ia va Iap bang don hnh
dau fIon:
1 2 m
I I I
x ; x ; ...; x

c
1
..... c
v
..... c
n
He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
..... x
v
..... x
n

1
I
c
1
I
x
b
1
a
11
..... u
1v
..... a
1n

..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
r
I
c
r
I
x
b
r
a
r1
.....
rv
a
..... a
rn

r
`
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
m
I
c
m
I
x
b
m
a
m1
..... u
mv
..... a
mn

I(x) I
0

1
.....
v
*
.....
n

frong do
12
I I
m
1 2
1 2 m
0 1 2 I m
j I 1j I 2j I mj j
j j
f c b c b ... c b
= |cof Ho so)|cof Phuong an)|
c a c a ... c a c |j 1, n)
|cof Ho so) |cof x ) - c |
= + + +
= + + + =
=

Buoc 2: Nhan djnh fnh foI uu.
1 Ncu
j
0 ooi moi j = 1,, n, tb pbuong an co ban ban Jau x
0
|x
0
co
fhanh phan fhu I
k
Ia
k
0
I
x b
k
= , con cac fhanh phan khac bang 0) /a mot
pbuong an toi uu cua bai toan min Jang xct ooi j(x
0
= j
0
.
2 Ncu ton tai
v
> 0 sao cbo a
io
0 ooi moi i = 1,, m, tb bai toan min
Jang xct oo ngbicm, ngba /a kbong co pbuong an toi uu nao.
3) Ncu bai truong bop trcn Jcu kbong xay ra, ngba /a ton tai
v
> 0, oa ooi
moi j ma
j
> 0 Jcu ton tai i sao cbo a
ij
> 0, tb sang buoc J.
Buoc 3: TIm un duu vuo he un co bun
Trong faf ca cac
j
> 0, fa chon
v
> 0 Ion nhaf Ta danh dau ` cho
v
duong Ion
nhaf frong bang|. KhI do, x
v
Ia an ma fa so dua vao ho an co ban.
Buoc 4: TIm un duu ru kho he un co bun.
Iap cac fI so
k
k
kv
b
voI moI k ma a 0
a
= >
kv
va ghI vao cof
cua bang. Xac

djnh
k
r k
kv
b
mIn{ : a 0l
a
= >
v

Ta danh dau ` cho
r
nho nhaf frong bang|. KhI do x
r
Ia an ma fa so dua ra khoI
ho an co ban.
Buoc 5: TIm phun tu chot.
Phan fu chof Ia ho so u
rv
o cof v |cof chua
v
`), hang r |hang chua
r
`) Ta dong
khung phan fu chof a
rv
|.
Buoc 6: Ben do bung.
1) Trong cof An co bun fa fhay x
r
bang x
v
. Trong cof He so fa fhay c
r

bang c
v
.
2) ung phop bIon doI
r
r
rv
h
h :=
a
, nghIa Ia hang r moI = hang r cu |cua ma
fran bo sung cac phuong frnh rang buoc) chIa cho phan fu chof u
rv
.
13
3) VoI cac hang I |I r) |cua ma fran bo sung cac phuong frnh rang buoc) fa
dung phop bIon doI
I I Iv
h := h -a h
r
r
,
nghIa Ia |hang I moI) = |hang I cu) a
Iv
|hang r moI).
4) VoI hang cuoI cung cua bang |gom f|x), f
0
va cac
j
), fa dung phop bIon doI
c c v
h := h - h ,
nghIa Ia |hang cuoI moI) = |hang cuoI cu)
v
|hang r moI).
Buoc ?: Quuy ve Buoc 2.
Chu y:
a) Trong uoc 3, nou co nhIou
v
> 0 Ion nhaf fh fa chI chon mof frong so
do do danh dau ` va xac djnh an dua vao fuong ung.
b) Trong uoc 4, nou co nhIou
r
fhoa
k
r k
kv
b
mIn{ : a 0l
a
= >
v

fh fa chI chon mof frong so do do danh dau ` va xac djnh an dua ra
fuong ung.
c) Trong uoc 6, cac phop bIon doI fu 2) don 4) co fho duoc fhuc hIon bang
phuong phap duong choo hnh chu nhaf nhu sau:

d) Trong uoc 6, hang cuoI co fho duoc fnh nho vao cac hang fron cua bang
moI nhu khI Iap bang don hnh dau fIon o uoc 1.
14

1.2. Tbuat toan giai bai toan max.
oI voI baI foan QHTT f|x) max fa co fho chuyon vo baI foan mIn nhu
sau:
af g|x) = - f|x). Ta co g|x) mIn va
f|x) daf max faI x
0
g|x) daf mIn faI x
0
.
Hon nua, khI do f|x
0
) = -g|x
0
).
NgoaI ra fa cung co fhuaf foan gIaI fruc fIop baI foan max fuong fu nhu fhuaf
foan gIaI baI foan mIn, nhung nhung dIou kIon vo cac
j
o hang cuoI so hoan foan
nguoc IaI, cu fho co su fhay doI nhu sau:
u) Buoc 2 (Kem tru tInh to uu):
1 Ncu
j
0 ooi moi j = 1,, n, tb pbuong an co ban ban Jau x
0
|Ia
phuong an co fhanh phan fhu I
k
Ia
k
0
I
x b
k
= , con cac fhanh phan khac
bang 0) /a mot pbuong an toi uu cua bai toan max Jang xct ooi j(x
0
=
j
0
.
2 Ncu ton tai
v
< 0 sao cbo a
io
0 ooi moi i = 1,, m, tb bai toan max
Jang xct oo ngbicm, ngba /a kbong co pbuong an toi uu nao.
J Ncu bai truong bop trcn Jcu kbong xay ra, ngba /a ton tai
v
< 0, oa
ooi moi j ma
j
< 0 Jcu ton tai i sao cbo a
ij
> 0, tb sang Buoc J.
b) Buoc 3 (TIm un duu vuo he un co bun):
Trong faf ca cac
j
< 0, fa chon
v
< 0 be nhat Ta danh dau ` cho
v
am bo
nhaf frong bang|. KhI do, x
v
Ia an ma fa so dua vao ho an co ban.
1.J. Mot so oi Ju.
VI du 1. Gu baI foan QHTT sau:

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 2x
1
+ 5x
2
+ 4x
3
+ x
4
- 5x
5
-------> mIn
1 2 4 5
2 3 4 5
2 5 6
x - 6x - 2x - 9x = 32;
1 3
|2) 2x + x + x + x = 30;
2 2
3x + x + x = 36.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,6)

Gu. aI foan fron co dang chnh fac voI cac vo phaI cua cac phuong frnh rang
buoc frong |2) dou khong am.
15

1 6 0 2 9 0
A 0 2 1 1 / 2 3 / 2 0
0 3 0 0 1 1

=

V A chua du 3 vocfo cof don vj o
1
|cof 1), o
2
|cof 3), o
3
|cof 6) non baI foan co dang
chuan, frong do
- An co ban fhu 1 Ia x
1
;
3
;
6
.
Ta gIaI baI foan bang phuong phap don hnh. Iap bang don hnh:

2 5 4 1 -5 0 He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
6

2 x
1
32 1 -6 0 -2 -9 0
4 x
3
30 0 2 1 1/2 3/2 0
0 x
6
36 0 3 0 0 1 1
I(x) 184 0 -9 0 -3 -? 0

f
0
= 2.32 + 4.30 + 0.36 = 184;
1
=
3
=
6
= 0;
2
= 2.|-6) + 4.2 + 0.3 - 5 = -9;
4
= 2.|-2) + 4.|1/2) + 0.0 - 1 = -3;
5
= 2.|-9) + 4.|3/2) + 0.1 |-5) = -7.
Trong bang fron fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2,.., 6, non baI foan mIn dang xof co
mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau x
0
djnh boI:
1
3
6
2 4 5
x 32;
x 30;
x 36;
x x x 0.
=
= = =

voI f|x
0
) = 184.
Kof Iuan: aI foan co phuong an foI uu Ia x
0
= |32, 0, 30, 0, 0, 36)
voI f|x
0
) = 184.
16
|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 6x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
+ 3x
4
+ x
5
- 7x
6
------> mIn
1 2 4 6
1 3 6
1 4 5 6
-x + x - x + x = 15;
|2) 2x - x + 2x = -9;
4x + 2x + x - 3x = 2.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,6).
Gu. aI foan fron co dang chnh fac voI vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang buoc fhu
2 frong |2) Ia -9 < 0. oI dau haI vo cua phuong frnh nay, fa dua vo baI foan
sau:
|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 6x
1
+ x
2
+ x
3
+ 3x
4
+ x
5
- 7x
6
------> mIn
1 2 4 6
1 3 6
1 4 5 6
-x + x - x + x = 15;
|2') -2x + x - 2x = 9;
4x + 2x + x - 3x = 2.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,..,6).
1 1 0 1 0 1
A 2 0 1 0 0
4 0 0 2 1 3
2

=

1
|cof 2), o
2
|cof 3), o
3
chuan, frong do
2
;
3
;
5
.
Ta gIaI baI foan bang phuong phap don hnh.
Iap bang don hnh:
6 1 1 3 1 -? He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
6

1 x
2
15 -1 1 0 -1 0 1
1 x
3
9 -2 0 1 0 0 -2

Bung
1 x
5
2 4 0 0 2 1 -3 h
2
:= h
2
+2h
1
I(x) 26 -5 0 0 -2 0 3* h
3
:= h
3
+3h
1
-7 x
6
15 -1 1 0 -1 0 1 h
c
:= h
c
- 3h
1
1 x
3
39 -4 2 1 -2 0 0 Bung
1 x
5
47 1 3 0 -1 1 0
I(x) -19 -2 -3 0 1 0 0
17
Bung : Ta fm duoc:
f
0
= 1.15 + 1.9 + 1.2 = 26;
2
=
3
=
5
= 0;
1
= 1.|-1) + 1.|-2) + 1.4 - 6 = -5;
4
= 1.|-1) + 1.0 + 1.2 - 3 = -2;
6
= 1.1 + 1.|-2) + 1.|-3) |-7) = 3.

Trong ang I fa fhay fon faI
6
= 3 > 0 va fron cof fuong ung co a
13
=1>0 |a
23
= -2,
a
33
= -3) non fa chon an dua vao Ia x
6
, an dua ra Ia x
2
, phan fu chof Ia a
13
=1. Sau
do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon doI ghI canh bang.

Bung : Trong ang II, fa fhay fon faI
4
= 1 > 0 ma a
I4
0 voI moI j = 1, 2, 3
|a
14
= -1, a
24
= -2, a
34
= -1) non baI foan mIn dang xof vo nghIom.

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = 3x
1
+ 8x
2
+ 5x
3
------> max
1 2
1 3
1 2 3
x + 3x 4;
|2) x + 2x 7;
x + 3x + 2x 12.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1, 2, 3)

Gu. Chuyon vo baI foan mIn bang cach daf
g|x) = -f|x) = -3x
1
- 8x
2
- 5x
3
Ta co baI foan:
|1) g|x) = - 3x
1
- 8x
2
- 5x
3
------> mIn
1 2
1 3
1 2 3
x + 3x 4;
|2) x + 2x 7;
x + 3x + 2x 12.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1, 2, 3)

Ion doI baI foan fron vo dang chnh fac bang cach dua vao cac an phu x
j
0
|j = 4, 5, 6):

|1) g|x) = - 3x
1
- 8x
2
- 5x
3
------> mIn
18
1 2 4
1 3 5
1 2 3 6
x + 3x + x = 4;
|2') x + 2x + x = 7;
x + 3x + 2x + x = 12.

|3) x
j
0 |j = 1,2,..,6)
aI foan dang chnh fac fron co cac vo phaI cua cac phuong frnh rang buoc frong
|2) dou khong am.
1 3 0 1 0 0
A 1 0 2 0 1 0
1 3 2 0 0 1

=

1
|cof 4), o
2
|cof 5), o
3
chuan, frong do
4
;
5
;
6
.
-3 -8 -5 0 0 0 He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5
x
6

0 x
4
4 1 3

0 1 0 0
1
= 4/3*
0 x
5
7 1 0 2 0 1 0 Bung
0 x
6
12 1 3 2 0 0 1
3
= 12/3 h
1
:=|1/3)h
1
g(x) 0 3 8* 5 0 0 0 h
3
:= h
3
-3h
1
-8 x
2
4/3 1/3 1 0 1/3 0 0 h
c
:= h
c
- 8h
1
0 x
5
7 1 0
2

0 1 0
2
= ?/2* Bung
0 x
6
8 0 0 2 -1 0 1
3
= 8/2 h
2
:=|1/2)h
2
g(x) -32/3 1/3 0 5
*
-8/3 0 0 h
3
:= h
3
- 2h
2
-8 x
2
4/3 1/3 1 0 1/3 0 0 h
c
:= h
c
- 5h
2
-5 x
3
7/2 1/2 0 1 0 1/2 0 Bung
0 x
6
1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 1

g(x) -169/6 -13/6 0 0 -8/3 -5/2 0

Bung : Ta fm duoc:
19
g
0
= 0.4+ 0.7 + 0.12 = 0;
4
=
5
=
6
= 0;
1
= 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 |-3) = 3;
2
= 0.3 + 0.0 + 0.3 |-8) = 8;
3
= 0.0 + 0.2 + 0.2 |-5) = 5;

Trong ang I fa fhay fon faI cac
j
> 0 Ia:
1
= 3,
2
= 8,
3
= 5 va fron moI cof
fuong ung co ho so duong. Ta chon
2
= 8 duong Ion nhaf va an dua vao Ia x
2
, khI
do fron cof fuong ung co cac ho so duong Ia a
12
= 3, a
32
= 3 non fa Iap cac fI so
1
= 4/3,
3
= 12/3. Ta chon fI so
1
= 4/3 nho nhaf va an dua ra Ia x
4
, phan fu chof Ia
a
12
=3. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon doI ghI canh bang.

Bung : Iy Iuan fuong fu nhu fron, fa fhay phuong an co ban ban dau frong
bang nay chua foI uu va cung khong co dau hIou cho fhay baI foan vo nghIom. Ion
doI ang II bang cac phop bIon doI ghI canh bang.

Bung : Trong ang III fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2,.., 6, non baI foan mIn
dang xof co mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau x
1
djnh boI:
2
3
6
1 4 5
x 4 / 3;
x 7 / 2;
x 1;
x x x 0.
=
= = =

voI g|x
1
) = -169/6. o dI cac an phu, fa duoc phuong an foI uu cua baI foan mIn Ia
x
0
=|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
)= |0, 4/3, 7/2) voI g|x
0
) = -169/6.
Kof Iuan: aI foan max da cho co phuong an foI uu Ia x
0
=|0, 4/3, 7/2) voI f|x
0
) =
169/6.

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
,x
2
,x
3
) = -2x
1
+ 6x
2
+ 4x
3
- 2x
4
+ 3x
5
------> max
1 2 3
2 3 4
2 5
x + 2x + 4x = 52;
|2) 4x + 2x + x = 60;
3x + x 36.

|3) x
j
0 |1 j 5)

Gu. aI foan fron co dang chnh fac voI cac vo phaI cua cac phuong frnh rang
buoc frong |2) dou khong am.
20
1 2 4 0 0
A 0 4 2 1 0
0 3 0 0 1

=

1
|cof 1), o
2
|cof 4), o
3
chuan, frong do
1
;
4
;
5
.


-2 6 4 -2 3 He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5

-2 x
1
52 1 2
4

0 0
1
= 52/4*
-2 x
4
60 0 4 2 1 0
2
= 60/2 Bung
3 x
5
36 0 3 0 0 1 h
1
:=|1/4)h
1
I(x) -116 0 -9 -16* 0 0 h
2
:= h
2
- 2h
1
4 x
3
13 1/4 1/2 1 0 0
1
= 13.2 h
c
:= h
c
+16h
1
-2 x
4
34 -1/2
3

0 1 0
2
= 34/3* Bung
3 x
5
36 0 3 0 0 1
3
= 36/3 h
2
:=|1/3)h
2
I(x) 92 4 -1* 0 0 0 h
1
:= h
1
- |1/2)h
2
4 x
3
22/3 1/3 0 1 -1/6 0 h
3
:= h
3
3h
2
6 x
2
34/3 -1/6 1 0 1/3 0 h
c
:= h
c
+ h
2
3 x
5
2 1/2 0 0 -1 1

Bung
I(x) 310/3 23/6 0 0 1/3 0

Bung : Ta fm duoc:
f
0
= -2.52 - 2.60 + 3.36 = -116;
1
=
4
=
5
= 0;
2
= -2.2 - 2.4 + 3.3 6 = -9;
3
= -2.4 - 2.2 + 3.0 4 = -16.
Trong ang I, fa fhay fon faI cac
j
< 0 Ia:
2
= -9,
3
= -16 va fron moI cof fuong
ung co ho so duong. Ta chon
3
= -16 am nho nhaf va an dua vao Ia x
3
, khI do
21
fron cof fuong ung co cac ho so duong Ia a
13
= 4, a
23
= 2 non fa Iap cac fI so
1
=
52/4,
2
= 60/2. Ta chon fI so
1
= 52/4 nho nhaf va an dua ra Ia x
1
, phan fu chof Ia
a
13
= 4. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon doI ghI canh bang.

Bung : Iy Iuan fuong fu nhu fron, fa fhay phuong an co ban ban dau frong
bang nay chua foI uu va cung khong co dau hIou cho fhay baI foan vo nghIom. Ion
doI ang II bang cac phop bIon doI ghI canh bang.
Bung : Trong ang III fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2,.., 5, non baI foan max
dang xof co mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau x
0
djnh boI:
3
2
5
1 4
x 22/ 3;
x 34 / 3;
x 2;
x x 0.
=
= =

voI f|x
0
) = 310/3.
0
=|0, 34/3, 22/3, 0, 2) voI
f|x
0
) = 310/3.

;2. PHONG PHAP OON HNH MO RONG GA BA TOAN QHTT OANG
CHNH TAC

Thuaf foan don hnh mo rong gIaI baI foan QHTT dang chnh fac fuong fu nhu
fhuaf foan don hnh gIaI baI foan QHTT dang chuan, nhung co mof so dIom can
chu y nhu sau:

1) o ham muc fIou mo rong Ia f |x) f |x) M| an gIa ) = +

doI voI baI foan mIn,
va Ia f |x) f |x) M| an gIa ) =

doI voI baI foan max, non frong cac bang don
hnh, o cof Ho so co fho co cac ho so phu fhuoc M. KhI do, o hang cuoI gom
0
f |x); f va cac
j
, cac ho so so co dang
j
+
j
M, do do nguoI fa fhuong chIa
hang cuoI fhanh 2 hang nho: Hang nho fron ghI cac so
j
; Hang nho fron ghI
cac so
j
M. Cac hang nay cung fuan fhu cac phop bIon doI cua bang gIong nhu
cac hang khac.
2) V M Ia mof daI Iuong duong raf Ion, non khI so sanh cac so dang + M va
+ M, fa co quI fac sau:

22
';
M ' ' M
' .
0;
fuy y.
M 0
0;
0.
';
, ' fuy y.
M ' ' M
';
' .
=
+ = +

=
>
+ >

=
>
>
+ > +

=
>

o do khI xof dau
j
, ho so
j
o hang nho duoI duoc xom xof fruoc; va chI khI
nao
j
= 0, fa moI xof don ho so
j
o hang nho fron. Tuong fu, khI so sanh cac
j
, cac ho so
j
o hang nho duoI duoc so sanh fruoc; va chI khI nao cac
j
bang
nhau, fa moI so sanh cac ho so
j
o hang nho fron.

3) Trong bang don hnh dau fIon, faf ca cac an gIa dou co frong cof An co ban |v
chung dou Ia cac an co ban). MoI khI mof an gIa bj dua ra khoI ho an co ban
fh khong bao gIo fa dua an gIa do fro IaI nua, v vay frong bang don hnh fa co
fho bo dI cac cof ung voI cac an gIa.

1 2 4 5
3 4
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
|1) f |x) x 2x x 5x mIn
-3x - 9x = 0;
|2) x - 7x - 5x - 2x = 5;
1 2 4 1
x - x + x + x + x = .
3 3 3 3
= + +
2
3
0

|3) x
j
0 |1 j 5)

Gu. aI foan fron co dang chnh fac voI vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang buoc
frong |2) dou khong am.
0 0 3 9
A 0 1 7 5 2
1 1 / 3 2 / 3 4 / 3 1 / 3

=

23
A chua vocfo cof don vj o
3
|cof 1), khong chua cac vocfo cof don vj o
1
, o
2
non baI
foan chua co dang chuan. Ta dua vao cac an gIa x
j
0 |j = 6, 7) va Ian Iuof cong
x
6
, x
7
vao vo fraI cua cac phuong frnh rang buoc fhu 1, fhu 2 do xay dung baI
foan mo rong dang chuan:
1 2 4 5 6 7
3 4 6
2 3 4 5 7
1 2 3 4 5
|1) f |x) x 2x x 5x Mx Mx mIn
-3x - 9x + x = 0;
|2) x - 7x - 5x - 2x + x = 5;
1 2 4 1 2
x - x + x + x + x = .
3 3 3 3 3
= + + + +

|3) x
j
0 |1 j 7)
KhI do baI foan co
6
;
7
;
1
.
Ta gIaI baI foan bang phuong phap don hnh mo rong.
Iap bang don hnh:
1 2 0 1 -5 He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5

M x
6
0 0 0 -3 -9 0
M x
?
5 0
1

-7 -5 -2 Bung
1 x
1
2/3 1 -
1/3
2/3 4/3 1/3 h
3
:= h
3
+|1/3)h
2
2/3 0 -
?/3
2/3 1/3 16/3 f|x)
5M 0 M* -10M -14M -2M
h
c1
:= h
c1
+|7/3)h
2
h
c2
:= h
c2
-M.h
2
M x
6
0 0 0 -3 -9 0
2 x
2
5 0 1 -7 -5 -2 Bung
1 x
1
7/3 1 0 -5/3 -1/3 -1/3
3?/3 0 0 -4?/3 -34/3 2/3 f|x)
0 0 0 -3M -9M 0

Bung : Ta fm duoc:
0
f M.0 M.5 1.|2/ 3) 2/ 3 5M; = + + = +

1
= 0;
24
2
= M.0 + M.1 + 1.|-1/3) -2 = -7/3 + M;
3
= M.|-3) + M.|-7) + 1.|2/3) - 0 = 2/3 - 10M;
4
= M.|-9) + M.|-5) + 1.|4/3) - 1 = 1/3 - 14M;
5
= M.0 + M.|-2) + 1.| 1/3) - 5= 16/3 - 2M.
Trong ang I fa fhay fon faI duy nhaf mof
j
> 0 Ia:
2
= -7/3 + M > 0 va fron cof
fuong ung chI co mof ho so duong Ia a
22
=1>0 non fa chon an dua vao Ia x
2
, an dua
ra Ia x
7
, phan fu chof Ia a
22
=1. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon doI ghI
canh bang.
Bung : Trong ang II, fa fhay fon faI
5
= 2/3 > 0 ma a
I5
0 voI moI j = 1, 2, 3
|a
15
= 0, a
25
= -2, a
35
= -1/3) non baI foan mIn mo rong vo nghIom. Suy ra baI foan
mIn xuaf phaf cung vo nghIom.
Kof Iuan: aI foan da cho khong co phuong an foI uu.
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
|1) f |x) 2x 4x 2x max
x - 2x + x = 27;
|2) 2x + x + 2x = 50;
x - x x 18.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

Gu. Ion doI baI foan fron vo dang chnh fac bang cach dua va an phu x
4
0:

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
j
|1') f |x) 2x 4x 2x max
x - 2x + x = 27;
|2') 2x + x + 2x = 50;
x - x x + x 18.
|3') x 0 |j 1, 4)
= +
=

Cac vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang buoc frong |2) dou khong am.
1 2 1 0
A 2 1 2 0
1 1 1 1

=

3
1
, o
2
non baI
j
x
5
, x
6
vao vo fraI cua cac phuong frnh rang buoc fhu 1, fhu 2 do xay dung baI foan
mo rong dang chuan:
25
1 2 3 5 6
1 2 3 5
1 2 3 6
1 2 3 4
j
|1'') f |x) 2x 4x 2x Mx Mx max
x - 2x + x + x = 27;
|2'') 2x + x + 2x + x = 50;
x - x x + x 18.
|3'') x 0 |j 1, 6)
= +
=

KhI do baI foan co
5
;
6
;
4
.
Ta gIaI baI foan bang phuong phap don hnh mo rong. Iap bang don hnh:
-2 -4 2 0 He so An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4

-M x
5
27 1 -2 1 0
1
=2?/1 Bung
-M x
6
50 2 1
2

0
2
=50/2* h
2
:=|1/2)h
2
0 x
4
18 1 -1 -1 1 h
1
:= h
1
+ h
2
0 2 4 -2 0 f|x)
-??M -3M M -3M* 0
h
3
:= h
3
+ h
2
h
c1
:= h
c1
+2h
2
-M x
5
2 0 -5/2 0 0 h
c2
:= h
c2
+ 3M.h
2
2 x
3
25 1 1/2 1 0 Bung
0 x
4
43 2 -1/2 0 1
50 4 5 0 0

f|x)

-2M 0 5M/2 0 0

Bung : Ta fm duoc:
0
f M.27 M.50 0.18 77M; = + =
4
= 0;
1
= -M.1 - M.2+ 0.1 |-2) = 2 -3M;
2
= -M.|-2) - M.1+ 0.|-1) |-4) = 4 + M;
3
= -M.1 - M.2+ 0.|-1) 2 = -2 - 3M.
j
< 0 Ia:
1
= 2 -3M < 0,
3
= -2 -3M < 0 va fron
moI cof fuong ung co ho so duong. Ta chon
3
= -2 -3M duong Ion nhaf va an
dua vao Ia x
3
, khI do fron cof fuong ung co cac ho so duong Ia a
13
=1 > 0, a
23
= 2 >
0. Ta Iap cac fI so
1
= 27/1,
2
= 50/2; chon fI so
2
= 25 nho nhaf va an dua ra Ia
26
x
6
, phan fu chof Ia a
23
= 2. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon doI ghI
canh bang:
Bung : Trong ang II fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2, 3, 4, non baI foan mo rong
max co mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau
0
x djnh boI:
5
3
4
1 2 6
x 2;
x 25;
x 43;
x x x 0.
=
= = =

voI
0
f |x ) 50 2M. =
V baI foan mo rong max co phuong an foI uu Ia
0
x = |0, 0, 25, 43, 2, 0), frong do
an gIa x
5
= 2 > 0 non baI foan max xuaf phaf khong co phuong an nao.
Kof Iuan: aI foan da cho khong co phuong an nao va do do khong co phuong an
foI uu.

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2
j
|1) f |x) 16x 7x 9x mIn
2 1 1
x - x + x = ;
|2) 3 3 3
-5x + 5x = 7.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 3)
= + +
=

Gu. aI foan fron co dang chnh fac voI vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang buoc
frong |2) dou khong am.
2 1
1
A
3 3
5 5 0

=

1
|cof 3), khong chua vocfo cof don vj o
2
,

non baI foan
chua co dang chuan. Ta dua vao an gIa x
4
0 va x
4
vao vo fraI cua phuong frnh
rang buoc fhu 2 do xay dung baI foan mo rong dang chuan:
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2 4
j
|1') f |x) 16x 7x 9x Mx mIn
2 1 1
x - x + x = ;
|2') 3 3 3
-5x + 5x + x = 7.
|3') x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
=

KhI do baI foan co
27
3
;
4
.


-16 ? 9 He so An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3

9 x
3
1/3 -2/3 -1/3 1 Bung
M x
4
7 -5
5

0 h
2
:=|1/5)h
2
3 10 -10 0 h
1
:= h
1
+ |1/3)h
2 f|x)
?M -5M 5M* 0

h
c1
:= h
c1
+10h
2
9 x
3
4/5 -1 0 1 h
c2
:= h
c2
- 5M.h
2
7 x
2
7/5 -1 1 0 Bung

f|x) 1? 0 0 0

Bung : Ta fm duoc:
0
f = 9.|1/3) + M.7 = 3 + 7M;
3
= 0;
1
= 9.|-2/3) + M.|-5) |-16) = 10 5M;
2
= 9.|-1/3) + M.5 7 = -10 + 5M.
Trong ang I, fa fhay fon faI duy nhaf mof
j
> 0 Ia:
2
= -10 + 5M > 0 va fron
cof fuong ung chI co mof ho so duong Ia a
22
=5>0 non fa chon an dua vao Ia x
2
, an
dua ra Ia x
4
, phan fu chof Ia a
22
=5. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop bIon
doI ghI canh bang.
Bung : Trong ang II fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2, 3 non baI foan mo rong
mIn co mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau
0
x djnh boI:
3
2
1 4
x 4 / 5;
x 7 / 5;
x x 0.
=
= =

voI
0
f |x ) 17. =
aI foan mo rong f |x) mIn co phuong an foI uu Ia
0
x = |0, 7/5, 4/5, 0), frong do
an gIa duy nhaf x
4
= 0 non baI foan xuaf phaf co phuong an foI uu Ia
x
f |x) mIn
0
= |0, 7/5, 4/5) voI f|x
0
) = 17.

28
Kof Iuan: aI foan da cho co phuong an foI uu Ia x
0
= |0, 7/5, 4/5) voI f|x
0
) = 17.

1 2 3
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
|1) f |x) 2x 3x 3x max
3x - x 12;
|2) x + 2x - x 1;
x - x x 3.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

Gu. Chuyon vo baI foan mIn bang cach daf
g|x) = -f|x) = -2x
1
+ 3x
2
- 3x
3
Ta co baI foan:

1 2 3
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
|1') g|x) 2x 3x 3x mIn
3x - x 12;
|2) x + 2x - x 1;
x - x x 3.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

Ion doI baI foan fro n vo dang chnh fac bang cach dua va an phu x
4
0, x
5
0:
1 2 3
1 2 4
1 2 3 5
1 2 3
j
|1') g|x) 2x 3x 3x mIn
3x - x + x 12;
|2') x + 2x - x - x 1;
x - x x 3.
|3') x 0 |j 1, 5)
= +
=
=

Cac vo phaI cua phuong frnh rang buoc frong |2) dou khong am.
3 1 0 1 0
A 1 2 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 0

=

1
2
, o
3
non baI
j
x
6
, x
7
vao vo fraI cua cac phuong frnh rang buoc fhu 2, fhu 3 do xay dung baI foan
mo rong dang chuan:
29
1 2 3 6 7
1 2 4
1 2 3 5 6
1 2 3 7
j
|1'') g|x) 2x 3x 3x Mx Mx mIn
3x - x + x 12;
|2'') x + 2x - x - x x 1;
x - x x x 3.
|3'') x 0 |j 1, 7)
= + + +
=
+ =
+ =
=

KhI do baI foan co
4
;
6
;
7
.
2 -3 3 0 0 He
so
An co
bun
Phuong
un
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
x
5

0 x
4
12 3 -1 0 1 0
1
= 12/3
M x
6
1 1

2 -1 0 -1
2
= 1/1* Bung
M x
?
3 1 -1 -1 0 0
3
= 3/1 h
1
:= h
1
-3h
2
0 -2 3 -3 0 0 h
3
:= h
3
- h
2
g|x)
4M 2M* M -2M 0 -M

h
c1
:= h
c1
+2h
2
0 x
4
9 0 -7 3 1 3 h
c2
:= h
c2
-2M.h
2
2 x
1
1 1 2 -1 0 -1 Bung
M x
?
2 0 -3 0 0 1

1
= 9/3
3
= 2/1
h
1
:= h
1
-3h
3
2 0 ? -5 0 -2 h
2
:= h
2
+ h
3
g|x)
2M 0 -3M 0 0 M*

h
c1
:= h
c1
+2h
3
0 x
4
3 0 2

3 1 0 h
c2
:= h
c2
-M.h
3
2 x
1
3 1 -1 -1 0 0 Bung
0 x
5
2 0 -3 0 0 1

h
1
:= |1/2)h
1

g|x)
6 0 1* -5 0 0 h
2
:= h
2
+ h
1
-3 x
2
3/2 0 1 3/2 1/2 0 h
3
:= h
3
+3h
1
2 x
1
9/2 1 0 1/2 1/2 0 h
c
:= h
c
- h
1
0 x
5
13/2 0 0 9/2 3/2 1

Bung V

g|x)
9/2 0 0 -13/2 -1/2 0

30
Bung : Ta fm duoc:
0
f = 0.12 + M.1 + M.3 = 4M;
4
= 0;
1
= 0.3 + M.1 + M.1 - 2 = -2 + 2M;
2
= 0.|-1) + M.2 + M.|-1) |-3) = 3 + M;
3
= 0.0 + M.|-1) + M.|-1) 3 = -3 - 2M;
5
= 0.0 + M.|-1) + M.0 0 = -M.

j
> 0 Ia:
1
= -2 +2M >0,
3
= 3 + M > 0 va fron
moI cof fuong ung co ho so duong. Ta chon
1
= -2 +2M duong Ion nhaf va an dua
vao Ia x
1
, khI do fron cof fuong ung co cac ho so duong Ia a
11
=3 > 0, a
21
= 1 > 0,
a
31
= 1 > 0. Ta Iap cac fI so
1
= 12/3,
2
= 1/1,
3
= 3/1; chon fI so
2
= 1 nho nhaf
va an dua ra Ia x
6
, phan fu chof Ia a
21
= 1. Sau do, bIon doI ang I bang cac phop
bIon doI ghI canh bang.

Bung vu : Iy Iuan fuong fu nhu fron, fa fhay cac phuong an co ban ban dau
frong cac bang nay chua foI uu va cung khong co dau hIou cho fhay baI foan vo
nghIom. Ion doI cac bang bang cac phop bIo n doI ghI canh cac bang.

Bung V: Trong ang Iv fa fhay
j
0 voI moI j = 1, 2,..., 5, non baI foan mo rong
mIn co mof phuong an foI uu Ia phuong an co ban ban dau
0
x djnh boI:
2
1
5
3 4 6 7
x 3/ 2;
x 9 / 2;
x 13/ 2;
x x x x 0.
=
= = = =

voI
0
g|x ) 9 / 2. =
aI foan mo rong g|x) mIn co phuong an foI uu Ia
0
x = |9/2, 3/2, 0, 0, 13/2, 0,
0), frong do cac an gIa x
6
, x
7
dou bang 0 non baI foan co phuong an
foI uu Ia x
g|x) mIn
0
= |9/2, 3/2, 0) voI g|x
0
) = 9/2 |fa bo dI cac an phu x
4
= 0, x
5
= 13/2).

0
= |9/2, 3/2, 0) voI
f|x
0
) = -9/2.

31
C - BA TOAN OO NGA
;1. O|NH NGHA BA TOAN OO NGA.
Cap baI foan QHTT doI ngau Ia cap baI foan co dang sau:
frong do moI cap rang buoc Joi ngau Ia mof cap gom: Pang buoc tbu i o bai
toan nay va Pang buoc oc Jau cua an tbu i cua baI foan kIa.

Nhu vay, voI quI uoc:
oI voI bai toan min mof rang buoc duoc goI Ia bat pbuong trnb rang
buoc tuong tbicb nou co dang , Ia bat pbuong trnb rang buoc kbong
tuong tbicb nou co dang .
oI voI bai toan max mof rang buoc duoc goI Ia bat pbuong trnb rang
buoc tuong tbicb nou co dang , Ia bat pbuong trnb rang buoc kbong
tuong tbicb nou co dang .

But phuong trInh
rung buoc tuong thIch
But phuong trInh
rung buoc khong tuong thIch
Bu toun mn

Butoun mux

frong cap baI foan doI ngau, fa co:
1) So an cua baI foan nay bang so rang buoc cua baI foan kIa.
32
2) aI foan nay fm mIn |max) fh baI foan kIa fm max |mIn). Ho so cua cac
an so frong ham muc fIou o baI foan nay chnh Ia cac ho so o vo phaI cua
cac rang buoc o baI foan kIa.
3) Ma fran ho so rang buoc cua baI foan nay bang chuyon vj cua ma fran ho so
rang buoc cua baI foan kIa.
4) Trong moI cap rang buoc Joi ngau cac fnh chaf sau duoc fhoa:
Rung buoc cuu bu toun nuy An cuu bu toun ku
af phuong frnh rang buoc fuong fhch 0
af phuong frnh rang buoc khong fuong fhch 0
Phuong frnh Tuy y

Nhu vay, xof baI foan |I) |khong phan bIof mIn hay max) fhoo n an x
1
, x
2
,...,
x
n
voI m rang buoc. aI foan |II) doI ngau m an y
1
, y
2
,..., y
m
voI n rang buoc.
o Iap baI foan |II) fa dua vao cac fnh chaf 1, 2, 3 do Iap ham muc fIou, xac
djnh cac ho so rang buoc, con do xac djnh cac rang buoc Ia baf phuong frnh
IoaI g hay Ia phuong frnh cung nhu do xac djnh dau cua cac an, fa dua vao
fnh chaf 4, cu fho nhu sau:
Nou an x
j
0 fh rang buoc fhu j cua baI foan |II) Ia baf phuong frnh
rang buoc fuong fhch.
Nou an x
j
0 fh rang buoc fhu j cua baI foan |II) Ia baf phuong frnh
rang buoc khong fuong fhch .
Nou an x
j
fuy y fh rang buoc fhu j cua baI foan |II) Ia phuong frnh.
Nou rang buoc fhu I cua baI foan |I) Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc fuong
fhch fh an y
I
0.
Nou rang buoc fhu I cua baI foan |I) Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc
khong fuong fhch fh an y
I
0.
Nou rang buoc fhu I cua baI foan |I) Ia phuong frnh fh an y
I
fuy y.

VI du 1. Tm baI foan doI ngau cua baI foan sau:
|1) f|x) = f|x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
)= 3x
1
+ 2x
2
- 5x
3
+ x
4
----> mIn
1 2 3 4
1 3 4
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x - 5x 50;
|2) 7x + x + x 30;
2x + 3x - 5x -25.

|3) x
1
0; x
2
0.
|4)
33
Gu. Ta fhay baI foan mIn 4 an, 3 rang buoc co
Vocfo ho so cac an frong ham muc fIou Ia
C = |3,2,-5,1).
Ma fran ho so rang buoc vo fraI Ia
4 6 5 5
A 7 0 1 1
2 3 5 0

=

Vocfo cac ho so fu do vo phaI Ia
50
30
25

=

Rang buoc 1 Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc khong fuong fhch.
Rang buoc 2 Ia phuong frnh.
Rang buoc 3 Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc fuong fhch.
x
1
0;
x
2
0;
x
3
fuy y;
x
4
fuy y.

aI foan doI ngau Ia:

|1) g|x) = g|y
1
, y
2
, y
3
)= 50y
1
+ 30y
2
25y
3
-------> max
1 2 3
1 3
1 2 3
1 2
4y + 7y + 2y 3 |fuong fhch);
-6y + 3y 2 |khong fuong fhch);
|2')
5y + y - 5y = -5;
-5y + y = 1.

|3) y
1
0; y
2
fuy y; y
3
0.

VI du 2: Tm baI foan doI ngau cua baI foan sau:

|1) f|x) = f|x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
)= 3x
1
+ 2x
2
- 5x
3
+ x
4
----> max
34
1 2 3 4
1 3 4
1 2 3
4x - 6x + 5x - 5x 50;
|2) 7x + x + x 30;
2x + 3x - 5x -25.

|3) x
1
0; x
2
0.

Gu. Ta fhay baI foan max 4 an, 3 rang buoc co
Vocfo ho so cac an frong ham muc fIou Ia
C = |3,2,-5,1).
Ma fran ho so rang buoc vo fraI Ia
4 6 5 5
A 7 0 1 1
2 3 5 0

=

Vocfo cac ho so fu do vo phaI Ia
50
30
25

=

Rang buoc 1 Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc fuong fhch.
Rang buoc 2 Ia phuong frnh.
Rang buoc 3 Ia baf phuong frnh rang buoc khong fuong fhch.
x
1
0;
x
2
0;
x
3
fuy y;
x
4
fuy y.

aI foan doI ngau Ia:
|1) g|y) = g|y
1
, y
2
, y
3
)= 50y
1
+ 30y
2
25y
3
-------> mIn
1 2 3
1 3
1 2 3
1 2
4y + 7y + 2y 3 |fuong fhch);
-6y + 3y 2 |khong fuong fhch);
|2')
5y + y - 5y = -5;
-5y + y = 1.

|3) y
1
0; y
2
fuy y; y
3
0.

35
;2. QAN HK GA BA TOAN GOC VA BA TOAN OO NGA
1) Nou baI foan doI ngau khong co PAT! fh baI foan goc cung khong co
PAT!.
2) Nou baI foan doI ngau co PAT! Ia fh baI foan goc cung
khong co PAT!. Ta xac djnh PAT! cua baI foan goc dua
vao cac fnh chaf sau:
0 0 0 0
1 2 m
y |y , y , ..., y ) =
0 0 0
1 2 n
x |x , x , ..., x ) =
0
a) TaI phuong an , nou frong rang buoc fhu j cua baI foan
doI ngau khong xay ra dau =, nghIa Ia
0 0 0 0
1 2 m
y |y , y , ..., y ) =
m
0
Ij j j
I 1
a y c
=

, fh fa co
0
j
x 0 = .
b) Nou frong phuong an , an y
0
y
I
Iay gIa frj
0
I
y 0 fh o baI foan goc, dau
= so xay ra o rang buoc fhu I, nghIa Ia:
n
0
Ij j I
j 1
a x b .
=
=

c) f|x
0
) = g|y
0
).

VI du 1: CIaI baI foan QHTT sau:
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
3
|1) f |x) 27x 50x 18x mIn
x + 2x + x 2;
|2) -2x + x - x 4;
x + 2x x 2.
|3) x 0.
= + +

Gu. aI foan doI ngau cua baI foan fron Ia:

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
|1) g|y) 2y 4y 2y max
y - 2y + y = 27;
|2) 2y + y + 2y = 50;
y - y y 18.
|3) y 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

Trong Phan , 1, V du 2, fa da gIaI baI foan doI ngau fron va kof qua cho fhay
baI foan nay khong co PAT!. o do baI foan da cho cung khong co PAT!.
36
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
2 3
1 2
|1) f |x) 12x x 3x mIn
3x + x + x 2;
|2) -x + 2x - x 3;
- x x 3.
|3) x 0; x 0.
= + +


1 2 3
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
|1') g|y) 2y 3y 3y max
3y - y 12;
|2') y + 2y - y 1;
y - y y 3.
|3') y 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

Trong Phan , 1,V du 4, fa da gIaI baI foan doI ngau fron va kof qua cho fhay
baI foan nay co PAT! Ia = |9/2, 3/2, 0) voI g|y
0 0 0 0
1 2 3
y |y , y , y = )
0
.
;
.
0
) = -9/2.
ay gIo fa fm PAT! cua baI foan goc.
0 0 0
1 2 3
x |x , x , x ) =
a) Thay y
0
= |9/2, 3/2, 0) vao cac rang buoc frong |2), fa fhay o rang buoc fhu 2:
y
1
+ 2y
2
y
3
1 khong xay ra dau = |VT = 15/2). o do
0
2
x 0 =
b) o non fa co:
0
1
0
2
y 9/ 2 0
y 3/ 2 0
= >
= >
0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 1 3
0 0 0 0 0
1 2 3 1 3
0
1
0
3
3x + x + x = 2; 3x + x = 2;
-x + 2x - x 3. -x - x 3.
x = 1 / 2;

x 7 / 2.

= =

Vay PAT! cua baI foan goc da cho Ia x
0
= |1/2,0,-7/2) voI f|x
0
) = g|y
0
) = -9/2.

VI du 3. Cho baI foan QHTT sau:
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2
j
|1) f |x) 16x 7x 9x mIn
2 1 1
x - x + x = ;
|2) 3 3 3
-5x + 5x = 7.
|3) x 0 |j 1, 3)
= + +
=

Hay Iap baI foan va fm PAT! cua baI foan doI ngau.
37

1 2
1 2
1 2
1
1 2
1
|1') g|y) y 7y max
3
2
y - 5y -16;
3
1
|2') y + 5y 7;
3
y 9.
|3') y , y fuy y.
= +

Trong Phan , 1,V du 3, fa da gIaI baI foan da cho va kof qua cho fhay baI foan
nay co PAT! Ia x
0
= |0, 7/5, 4/5) voI f|x
0
) = 17.
ay gIo fa fm PAT! cua baI foan doI ngau.
0 0
1 2
y |y , y =
0
)
;
.
o non fa co:
0
2
0
3
x 7 / 5 0
x 4 / 5 0
= >
= >
0 0 0
1 2 1
0
0
2
1
1
y + 5y = 7; y 9;
3
y = 2.
y 9.

Vay PAT! cua baI foan doI ngau Ia y
0
= |9,2) voI g|y
0
) = f|x
0
) = 17.

BA TAP

1. Mof x nghIop san xuaf do go san xuaf 4 IoaI ban A, , C, . X nghIop co haI
phan xuong: Phan xuong moc va phan xuo ng frang fr. So gIo cong co fho huy
dong duoc cho haI phan xuong fuong ung Ian Iuof Ia 1000 va 2500. So go quy co
fho mua duoc Ia 350m
3
. Suaf fIou hao go va Iao dong doI voI moI IoaI ban va moI
IoaI cong vIoc, cung nhu IaI cho 1 ban moI IoaI duoc cho frong bang sau:
an
Cong vIoc
A C
Moc 0,08m
3
/4h 0,12m
3
/6h 0,3m
3
/9h 0,21m
3
/12h
Trang fr 1h 2h 3h 4h
IaI 250000d 350000d 380000d 850000d
Iap mo hnh baI foan fm ko hoach san xuaf do fong so IaI fhu duoc Ion nhaf.

2. Mof fraI chan nuoI su du ng 3 IoaI fhuc pham I, II, III. Iuong chaf dInh duong
AIbumIn, chaf boo, chaf dam cho gIa suc frong 1 ngay cung nhu fI Io cac chaf nay
frong 3 IoaI fhuc an duoc cho frong bang sau:
38
TI Io co frong fhuc pham Cha f
dInh duong
Iuong ca n
frong ngay I II III
AIbumIn If nhaf 20kg 20% 10% 10%
Chaf boo ung 10kg 30% 40% 20%
Chaf dam Khong qua 15kg 5% 30% 30%
CIa 1kg cua fung IoaI fhuc pham I, II, III Ian Iuof Ia 80, 120, 90 |ngan). Can Ia p
ko hoach mua cac IoaI fhuc pham fhoo dung you cau frong ngay sao cho fong chI
ph fhap nhaf.
a) Iap mo hnh baI foan.
b) Mo hnh baI foan fhay doI fho nao nou co you cau Iuong AIbumIn khong
vuof qua haI Ian Iuong chaf dam7
3. o san xuaf 3 IoaI san pham A, , C can dung 4 IoaI nguyon IIou I, II, III, IV.
Iuong du fru nguyon IIou, djnh muc fIou hao nguyon IIou, fIon IaI cho 1 don vj san
pham duoc cho frong bang sau:
jnh muc fIou hao nguyon IIou|kg) cho 1dv Nguyon IIou Iuong
du fru |fan) A C
I 25 1 2 0
II 30 2 3 7
III 35 4 0 1
IV 40 0 1 4
TIon IaI cho 1dv 6 7 8
Can Iap ko hoach san xuaf do khong bj dong vo nguyon IIou va fong IaI daf cao
nhaf.
a) Iap mo hnh baI foan.
b) Mo hnh baI foan fhay doI fho nao nou frong Iuong nguyon IIou du fru co
10 fan IoaI I va 15 fan IoaI III sap hof han su dung7
4. HaI kho I va II co nhIom vu cung cap saf cho haI cong fruong xay dung A va .
Kho I co kha nang cung cap 60 fan, kho II co kha nang cung cap 40 fan. Cong
fruong A can f nhaf 50 fan, cong fruong can f nhaf 30 fan. Cuoc ph van
chuyon |dv: ngan dong) 1fan saf fu cac kho don cac cong fruong duoc cho frong
bang sau:
A
I 40 10
II 20 30
39
Iap mo hnh baI foan fm ko hoach van chuyon sao cho dam bao duoc nhu cau
xay dung ma chI ph van chuyo daf fhap nhaf.
5. Co haI khu vuon A va voI dIon fch Ian Iuof Ia 30ha va 40ha. NguoI fa du
djnh frong ba IoaI cay I, II va III sao cho fI Io san Iuong khI fhu hoach ba IoaI cay
do Ia I:II:III = 2:1:4. Iof rang nang suaf |fan/ha) moI IoaI cay fron haI khu vuon
duoc cho frong bang sau:
I II III
A 1 3 1
1 2 2
a) Iap mo hnh baI foan xac djnh dIon fch frong cac IoaI cay fron haI khu
vuon fron do san Iuong daf duoc cao nhaf.
b) Mo hnh baI foan so fhay doI fho nao nou co you cau san Iuong cay IoaI I f
nhaf 10 fan7
6. Cong fy X du djnh frong haI IoaI cay TIou va Iou fron ba khu daf I, II, III co
dIon fch Ian Iuof Ia 30, 40, 50 |ha). ChI ph san xuaf |frIou dong/ha) va nang suaf
|fa/ha) duoc cho frong bang sau:
Khu dut Teu Oeu
I 1,4
8
2,1
7
II 1,3
7
2,4
11
III 1,6
10
1,8
6
|Trong moI o, so IIou o goc fraI Ia chI ph san xuaf, o goc phaI Ia nang suaf). You
cau san Iuong foI fhIou cua TIou va Iou Ian Iuof Ia 6 fan va 5 fan. Iap mo hnh
baI foan xac djnh dIon fch frong cac IoaI cay fron sao cho chI ph san xuaf daf
fhap nhaf.
?. Cong fy Y du djnh frong haI IoaI cay TIou va Iou fron ba khu daf I, II, III co
dIon fch Ian Iuof Ia 50, 60, 70 |ha). ChI ph san xuaf |frIou dong/ha) va nang suaf
|fa/ha) duoc cho frong bang sau:
Khu dut Teu Oeu
I 1,2
9
2,2
8
II 1,4
7
2,3
11
III 1,8
10
2
6
|Trong moI o, so IIou o goc fraI Ia chI ph san xuaf, o goc phaI Ia nang suaf). TIon
von huy dong duoc cho san xuaf Ia 180 |frIou dong). TIon IaI moI fa TIou, Iou Ian
40
Iuof Ia 2 va 2,5 |frIou dong). Iap mo hnh baI foan xac djnh dIon fch frong cac
IoaI cay fron sao cho fIon IaI daf cao nhaf.

8. CIaI cac baI foan QHTT sau bang phuong phap don hnh:
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 3
1 2 3
j
a) f |x) x 4x 3x mIn
2x + x 2x 16;
-4x + 2x 8;
x + 2x x 12.
x 0 |j 1, 3)
=

=

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
b) f |x) 2x 3x 5x max
4x + x 2x 12;
1
-2x + x + x 8;
2
3
-2x + x + x 20.
2
x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
j
c) f |x) x 2x 3x x mIn
x + 2x + 3x 22;
2x + x + 5x 25;
x + 2x + x + x 20.
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= +
=
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
d) f |x) 3x x 3x x mIn
x + 2x - x x 2;
2x - 6x + 3x 3x 9;
x - x + x - x 6.
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + +
+ =
+ =
=

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
o) f |x) 2x 2x 3x mIn
2x + 2x - x 1;
x - x - 3x 1.
x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
f ) f |x) x 2x x max
-x + 4x - 2x 6;
x + x + 2x 6;
2x - x + 2x 4.
x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +
=

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
g) f |x) x 2x x max
4x - 4x + 2x 6;
x + x + 2x 6;
2x - x + 2x 4.
x 0 |j 1, 3)
= +

=

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
j
h) f |x) 5x 10x 7x max
x + 2x + 2x 30;
x + 2x + x 25;
2x + x + x 40.
x 0 |j 1, 3)
= + +
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
I) f |x) 3x x 3x x mIn
x + 2x - x + x 2;
2x - 6x + 3x + 3x 9;
x - x + x - x 6.
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + +
=
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
j
j) f |x) 3x x 2x x ma
2x - x + 4x + x 10;
-3x + 2x + x - 2x 8;
4x - x - 2x 4.
x 0 |j 1, 4)
x = + +
=
=

9. Mof x nghIop san xuaf 4 maf hang : H
1
, H
2
, H
3
, H
4
. Nguyon IIou can dung Ia
N
1
, N
2
, ma Iuong foI da x nghIop co fho huy dong duoc Ian Iuof Ia 600kg va 800kg.
41
jnh muc fIou hao moI IoaI nguyon IIou doI voI moI maf hang cung nhu fIon IaI
cho 1 don vj hang hoa moI IoaI duoc cho frong bang sau:
Suaf fIou hao|kg) Hang

Nguyon IIou
H
1
H
2
H
3
H
4
N
1
: 600kg 0,5 0,2 0,3 0,6
N
2
: 800kg 0,1 0,4 0,2 0,5
TIon IaI |ngan) 0,8 0,3 0,38 0,4
Hay fm phuong an san xua f moI maf hang bao nhIou don vj do fong fIon IaI fhu
duoc cao nhaf.
10. CIaI baI foan fuong fu nhu frong baI 2 voI mof so bo sung sau:
- Tong so san pham maf hang H
1
va H
2
khong f hon 1000.
- TIon IaI cho 1 don vj maf hang H
3
khong phaI Ia 0,38 ma Ia 0,5.
11. X nghIop dung cac fam kIm IoaI kch fhuoc 60cm100cm do san xuaf 3 IoaI
ban fhanh pham Ia cac fam kIm IoaI T
1
, T
2
, T
3
. Co 4 phuong fhuc caf P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, P
4
.
So Iuong ban fhanh pham can frong san xuaf; so Iuong ban fhanh pham co duoc
cung nhu Iuong fhua sau khI caf mof fam fhoo moI cach duoc cho frong bang sau:
Phuong fhuc caf an fhanh pham
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
Iuong ban fhanh pham can co
T
1
3 4 5 10 240
T
2
2 0 1 0 100
T
3
1 2 1 0 80
Iuong fhua |cm
2
) 200 400 200 0
Hay fm phuong an caf sao cho Iuong ban fhanh pham can frong san xuaf duoc
dam bao ma fong so Iuong fhua Ia f nhaf.
12. Co ba IoaI fhuc an I, II, III dung frong chan nuoI. Muc you cau can phaI co du
cac chaf cho gIa suc frong mof ngay dom va gIa moI don vj fhuc an moI IoaI duoc
cho frong bang sau:
Iuong chaf |dv: g) co frong 1dv fhuc an moI IoaI Chaf Iuong you cau
frong 1 ngay dom I II III
AIbumIn If nhaf 200g 0,3 0,8 2
Chaf boo Khong qua 100g 3 0 0,4
Chaf dam ung 150g 1 10 0
CIa 1dv fhuc an |ngan dong) 0,8 1,5 3
Hay xac djnh Iuong fhuc an can dung moI IoaI sao cho fong chI ph fhap nhaf ma
van dam bao duoc muc you cau cho gIa suc vo cac chaf frong 1 ngay dom.
13. Mof nong fruong su dung 3000ha do frong 3 IoaI nong san A, , C co fhong so
sau:
ChI ph san xuaf cho 1ha Nong
san Von |ngan dong) Iao dong |ngan dong)
CIa frj san Iuong fhu duoc fron 1ha
|ngan dong)
A 300 500 2.000
350 400 1.500
C 400 450 2.500
42

Kha nang cua nong fruong vo von Ia 1.200 frIou dong, vo Iao dong Ia 1.600frIou
dong. NgoaI ra, do dam bao hop dong da ky kof, can frong f nhaf 600ha nong san
A. Hay xac djnh dIon fch frong moI IoaI nong san do fong gIa frj san Iuong fhu
duoc Ia cao nhaf.
14. Mof cong fy muon quang cao mof IoaI san pham frong 1 fhang voI fong chI ph
100frIou dong. Cac phuong fIon duoc chon do quang cao Ia: Truyon hnh, Phaf
fhanh va ao voI cac so IIou sau:
Phuong fIon ChI ph moI Ian quang
cao |frIou dong)
So Ian quang cao fo I
da frong 1 fhang
u kIon so nguoI fIop nhan
frong 1 Ian quang cao
Truyon hnh
|1phuf/Ian)
1,5 60 15.000
Phaf fhanh
|1 phuf/Ian)
0,5 90 9.000
ao
|1/2frang/Ian)
1 26 30.000

o chIon Iuoc fIop fhj, cong fy phaI co f nhaf 30 Ian quang cao fron fruyon hnh
frong 1 fhang. Hay xac djnh so Ian quang cao fron moI phuong fIon sao cho so
nguoI du kIon fIop nhan quang cao Ia cao nhaf.
15. Iap cac baI foan doI ngau cua cac baI foan QHTT sau va xac djnh cac cap
rang buoc doI ngau:

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2
a) f |x) 2x 3x 5x max
4x + x 2x 12
1
-2x + x + x 8
2
3
-2x + x + x 20
2
x 0, x 0
= +

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
b) f |x) 3x x 3x x mIn
x + 2x - x x 2
2x - 6x + 3x 3x 9
x - x + x - x 6
x 0, x 0, x 0
= + +
+ =

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
2 3
c) f |x) x 2x x max
-x + 4x - 2x 6
x + x + 2x 6
2x - x + 2x 4
x 0, x 0
= +

1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 4
d) f |x) 3x x 3x x mIn
x + 2x - x + x 2
2x - 6x + 3x + 3x 9
x - x + x - x 6
x 0, x 0, x 0
= + +

16. VoI baI foan QHTT da cho va phuong an foI uu fuong ung hay Iap baI foan doI
ngau va fm PAT! cua baI foan doI ngau |khong gIaI fruc fIop bang phuong pha p
don hnh):
43
0
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
a) f |x) 2x x x x max vo I phuong a n foI uu x = |3, 3, 1 ,0)
x x + 2x x 2;
2x + x - 3x x 6;
x + x x + x 7.
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= +
=
+ =
+ =
=

0
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
j
3 5 1
b) f |x) 3x 4x x 2x x mIn voI phuong an foI uu x = | , , ,0,0)
2 2 2
x 2x 3x x 5x 5
2x 3x 5x 2x 7x 8
3x x 2x 6x 2x 6
x 0 |j 1, 5)
= +
+ + =
+ + =
+ + + =
=

0
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 3 4
2 4
2 3
j
c) f |x) 2x 3x 2x 3x mIn voI phuong an foI uu x = |0, 5, 11, 3)
x x 2x x 24
x x 2x 22

x x 8
x x 20
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
+ + =
+ +
=

0
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 3
j
d) f |x) 3x x 2x x 2x max voI phuong an foI uu x = |0, 15, 6, 2, 0)
5x x x 2x 8x 5
23 3
x 3x x 6x 20x 20
2 2
17 3 3 15
x x x x 6x
4 4 2 2
3 1
x x 3
2 2
x 0 |j 1, 5)
= + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
=

1?. CIaI cac baI foan QHTT sau bang phuong phap don hnh. Iap cac baI foan
doI ngau va dung kof qua fron do suy ra nghIom cua baI foan doI nga u |khong gIaI
fruc fIop bang phuong phap don hnh):

1 2 3 4
1 2 4
2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
a) f |x) x 3x 4x x mIn
x 2x 2x 8
3x x 4x 18
3x x 2x x 20
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
+
+ +
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
b) f |x) 4x 5x 3x 2x mIn
2x x 3x 21
x 2x 3x x 27
x 4x 2x 2x 8
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
=

44
1 2 3 4 5
1 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 4 5
j
c) f |x) 2x 5x 2x 3x 2x max
x 2x 3x 12
2x 4x x x 3x 34
x 2x x x 16
x 0 |j 1, 5)
= + + +
+
+ + + =
=
1 2 3 4 5
1 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 4 5
j
d) f |x) 4x 4x 2x 3x x max
x 2x 3x 6
2x 4x x x 2x 25
3x 2x x x 8
x 0 |j 1, 5)
= + +
+
+ + + =
+ +
=

18. Iap cac baI foan doI ngau va gIaI cac baI foan doI ngau bang phuong phap
don hnh. ung kof qua fron do suy ra nghIom cua cac baI foan da cho |khong gIaI
fruc fIop bang phuong phap don hnh):

1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
a) f |x) 27x 50x 18x max
x + 2x + x 2;
-2x + x - x 4;
x + 2x x 2.
x ; x fuy y; x 0.
= + +

1 2 3 4
1 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
j
b) f |x) 4x 2x 2x 3x mIn
x 2x x 40
x 4x x 2x 32
2x 3x 3x 2x 69
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
+ +
+ +
=

1 2 3 4
1 2 4
1 2 3 4
2 3
1 2 3 4
j
c) f |x) 5x 2x 3x 4x mIn
2x x 4x 14
x 2x 3x x 13
x 2x 0
x x x 3x 10
x 0 |j 1, 4)
= + + +
+
+ +
+ +
=

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
j
d) f |x) x 2x 2x x 5x max
2 5 4 2
x 5x x x
3 3 3 3
2 5 13 13
x 3x x x x
3 3 3 3
x 7x x 3x 7x 5
x 0 |j 1, 5)
=
+ + +
=

OAP SO

8a. Vo nghIom
8b.VN v PAT! cua baI foan mo rong Ia: |0,2,7,0,0,0,10)
8c. X = |7,6,1,0); f = -22
8d. X= |3,2,5,0); f = 8
8o. VN v PAT! cua baI foan mo rong Ia: |1/2,0,0,0,0,1/2)
8f. X = |14/5,12/5,2/5); f = 36/5
8g: X = |11/2,7,0); f = 39/2
8h. X = |50/3,5/3,5); f= 135
8I. X = |3,2,5,0); f = 8
8j. X = |28,108,0,62,); f = 38

9. X = |1200,0,0,0); f = 960
10. X = |1000,0,1000/3,0); f = 2900/3
11. X = |50,15,0,3); f = 16000
45
12. X = |0,15,94); f = 609/2
13. X = |600,0,2400); f = 7200000 ngan dong.
14. X = |30,58,26); f = 1.752.000.

16a. Y = |2/11, 7/11, 6/11), g = 8
16b. Y = |-27,18, -4), g = -15.
16c. Y = |1/2, 1, 3/2, 0), g = 46
16d. Y = |-1, 0, 2, 5), g = 25

17a. X = |0, 0, 12, 4), Y = |3/2, 0, 2), f = g = 52
17b. X = |0, 6, 5, 0), Y = |-3, 4, 0), f = g = 45
17c. VN
17d. X = |0, 3, 9, 0, 2), Y = |-1, 2, -2), f = g = 28

18a. VN
18b. Y = |3/4, 1/2, 0), X = |0, 3, 20, 0), f = g = 46
18c. Y = |1/2, 6, 21/2, 0), X = |0, 21, 11, 2), f = g = 85
18d. Y = |1, 5, 3), X = |6, 0, 5, 2, 0), f = g = -6
--------------------------------------------

46

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ON TH CAO HOC

MON TOAN KNH TK

Co f nhaf mof an gIa >0 |A) khong co phuong an nao non

cua bang. Xac

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