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Balanced 3-Phase Circuits: Please Turn OFF Mobile Phones!

This document summarizes the analysis of balanced 3-phase Y-Y circuits. It discusses phase voltages, impedances, line currents, and the development of node-voltage equations. It also covers line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltages, the relationship between these voltages, and how to derive single-phase equivalent circuits. The document concludes with an example problem solving for currents, voltages, and impedances in a 3-phase circuit.

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55 views20 pages

Balanced 3-Phase Circuits: Please Turn OFF Mobile Phones!

This document summarizes the analysis of balanced 3-phase Y-Y circuits. It discusses phase voltages, impedances, line currents, and the development of node-voltage equations. It also covers line-to-line and line-to-neutral voltages, the relationship between these voltages, and how to derive single-phase equivalent circuits. The document concludes with an example problem solving for currents, voltages, and impedances in a 3-phase circuit.

Uploaded by

sidiqbal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 11:

11. Balanced 3-Phase Circuits








Please Turn OFF Mobile Phones!
Analysis of Y-Y circuit
Z
gb
Z
gc
Z
ga
V
an
V
bn
V
cn
a
n
b
c
A
N
B
C
Z
A
Z
B
Z
C
Z
la
Z
o
Z
lb
Z
lc
I
aA
I
bB
I
cC
I
o
Analysis of Y-Y circuit
Phase voltages V
an
, V
bn
and V
cn
Phase impedance Z
ga
, Z
gb
and Z
gc
Line impedance Z
la
, Z
lb
and Z
lc
Neutral line impedance Z
o
Load impedance Z
A
, Z
B
and Z
C
Line Current I
aA
, I
bB
and I
cC
Neutral Line Current I
O
(opposite direction)

Node-Voltage Equation
Applying KCL (sum of currents at a Node is
zero)


Equation can be simplified as
All three Line impedances are same
All three Load impedances are same
All three phase impedances are same
0
Z Z Z
V V
Z Z Z
V V
Z Z Z
V V
Z
V
gc lc C
n ' c N
gb lb B
n ' b N
ga la A
n ' a N
0
N
=
+ +

+
+ +

+
+ +

+
Node-Voltage Equation
Sum of phase voltages is zero
Z
O
and Z

is not zero
Therefore V
N
= 0
gc lc C gb lb B ga la A
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z + + = + + = + + =
0
Z
V V
Z
V V
Z
V V
Z
V

n ' c N

n ' b N

n ' a N
0
N
=

n ' c n ' b n ' a


0
N
Z
V V V
Z
3
Z
1
V
+ +
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
Line Currents (balanced
conditions)
Current in each line is

Three line currents
Equal in magnitude
Same frequency
120
0
out of phase

n ' a
ga la A
N n ' a
aA
Z
V
Z Z Z
V V
I =
+ +

=

n ' b
gb lb B
N n ' b
bB
Z
V
Z Z Z
V V
I =
+ +

=

n ' c
gc lc C
N n ' c
cC
Z
V
Z Z Z
V V
I =
+ +

=
Neutral Voltage & Current
V
N
= 0
Source neutral V
n
= 0
No current flows in the neutral line
Neutral line can be removed from a balanced
Y-Y configuration
Neutral line can be replaced by short
circuit between nodes n and N
Single phase equivalent circuit
Z
ga
V
an
a A
Z
A
Z
la
I
aA
n N
Single phase equivalent circuit
Current in Neutral conductor of single phase
equivalent circuit is
I
aA


Current in Neutral conductor of 3-phase
balanced circuit is
I
0
= I
aA
+ I
bB
+ I
cC
= 0

Line-to-line & line-to-neutral
voltages
V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
A
N
B
C
Z
A
Z
B
Z
C
V
AB
V
BC
V
CA
Line-to-line voltages
V
AB
= V
AN
V
BN

V
BC
= V
BN
V
CN

V
CA
= V
CN
V
AN
Line-to-neutral voltages
V
AN
V
BN

V
CN
Line-to-line & line-to-neutral
voltage relationship
for abc sequence
V
AN
=
V
BN
=
V
CN
=

V
AB
=
V
BC
=
V
CA
=
V
AN
V
BN
V
CN
V
AB
V
CA
V
BC
0

0 V Z
0

120 V Z
0

120 V Z
0

30 V 3 Z
0

90 V 3 Z
0

150 V 3 Z
Line-to-line & line-to-neutral
voltage relationship
Magnitude of line-to-line voltages is times
line-to-neutral voltage
Line-to-line voltages form a balanced three-phase
set of voltages
Set of line-to-line voltages lead the set of line-to-
neutral voltages by 30
0

For negative acb sequence, line-to-line set of
voltages lag line-to-neutral voltages by 30
0
Note: Line to line voltage is termed as Line Voltage
& Line to Neutral voltage is termed as Phase Voltage.
3
Exercise
V
BN
=
Phase sequence abc
V
BC
= ?

V
BC
= V
BN
- V
CN

V
BC
=
Phase c =
Phase sequence acb
V
AB
= ?

V
AB
= V
AN
V
BN
V
AB
=
0
60 120Z
0
160 660Z
0
90 120 x 3 Z
0
110 660 x 3 Z
Line & phase voltage/current
Line voltage is voltage across pair of lines
Phase voltage is voltage across a single phase
Line current is current in a single line
Phase current is current in a single phase

In Y connection
Line current = Phase current
Line voltage Phase voltage
In connection
Line voltage = Phase voltage
Line current Phase Current
Exercise
Balanced 3-phase Y connected generator
abc sequence
Impedance 0.2 + j0.5 /
120 V/
Balanced 3-phase Y connected load
Impedance 39 + j28 /
Line connecting generator to load
Impedance 0.8 + j1.5 /
Exercise (contd)
1. 1-phase equivalent circuit?
2. Line currents I
aA
, I
bB
& I
cC
?
3. Phase voltages at load V
AN
, V
BN
& V
CN
?
4. Line voltages at load V
AB
, V
BC
& V
CA
?
5. Phase voltages at generator V
an
, V
bn
& V
cn
?
6. Line voltages at generator V
ab
, V
bc
& V
ca
?
Exercise (contd)
Z
ga
V
an
a A
Z
A
Z
la
I
aA
n N
39 +j28
0.8 + j1.5 0.2 + j0.5
0
0 120Z
Exercise (contd)
I
aA

I
bB
I
cC

V
AN
V
BN
V
CN


0
87 . 156 4 . 2 Z =
0
0
A la ga
0
87 . 36 4 . 2
30 j 40
0 120
Z Z Z
0 120
Z =
+
Z
=
+ +
Z
=
0
13 . 83 4 . 2 Z =
0 0
19 . 1 22 . 115 ) 87 . 36 4 . 2 )( 28 j 39 ( Z = Z + =
0
19 . 121 22 . 115 Z =
0
81 . 118 22 . 115 Z =
Exercise (contd)
V
AB
V
BC
V
CA

V
an
V
bn
V
cn
0
68 . 119 90 . 118 Z =
AN
0
V ) 30 3 ( Z =
0
81 . 28 56 . 199 Z =
0
19 . 91 56 . 199 Z =
0
81 . 148 56 . 199 Z =
0 0
32 . 0 90 . 118 ) 87 . 36 4 . 2 )( 5 . 0 j 2 . 0 ( 120 Z = Z + =
0
32 . 120 90 . 118 Z =
Exercise (contd)
V
ab
V
bc
V
ca
an
0
V ) 30 3 ( Z =
0
68 . 29 94 . 205 Z =
0
32 . 90 94 . 205 Z =
0
68 . 149 94 . 205 Z =

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