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Critical Speed Formula

The critical speed of a ballscrew is the lowest natural frequency at which severe vibrations will occur if the ballscrew rotates at that speed. The critical speed can be calculated using a formula that considers the ballscrew's minor diameter, length between bearing supports, and end fixity factor. The maximum safe operating speed is 80% of the critical speed. The critical speed depends most strongly on the unsupported length between bearings, and can be adjusted by changing the screw diameter, lead, or end supports.

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279 views1 page

Critical Speed Formula

The critical speed of a ballscrew is the lowest natural frequency at which severe vibrations will occur if the ballscrew rotates at that speed. The critical speed can be calculated using a formula that considers the ballscrew's minor diameter, length between bearing supports, and end fixity factor. The maximum safe operating speed is 80% of the critical speed. The critical speed depends most strongly on the unsupported length between bearings, and can be adjusted by changing the screw diameter, lead, or end supports.

Uploaded by

elrajil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BASIC DESIGN SELECTION TABLES

Critical Speed
All mechanical devices have several vibration frequencies. If a ballscrew or ball nut rotates at an angular velocity equal to one of the ballscrews natural frequencies, a severe vibration will be set up in the screw. The first order critical speed of the screw is the lowest natural traverse frequency. (The second, and higher, order natural frequencies are normally an order of magnitude above all ballscrew operating speeds.)

Critical Speed Formula


N=CS x 4.76 x 106 x D L2 NS = N x FS Where: N = NS = D = L = FS = CS =

Critical Speed (RPM) Safe Drive Speed Minor (root) Diameter (inches) Length between Bearing Supports (inches) Factor of Safety (.80 maximum) End Fixity Factor for Critical Speed End Supports One end rigid, one end free Both ends simple One end rigid, one end simple Both ends rigid

CS .36 1.00 1.47 2.23

The maximum safe operating speed of a ballscrew assembly for normal operation is 80% of the critical speed provided the ball speed limit has not been exceed. The critical speed is a function of the unsupported screw length, the screw diameter, and the end bearing supports. The unsupported length is the dominate factor, because the critical speed is inversely proportional to the square of the unsupported length. Using a fixed unsupported screw length, the critical speed can be varied by the selection of the screw diameter, lead and end bearing supports.

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