Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state.[1] In the process of passing through a cycle, the working fluid (system) may convert heat from a warm source heat into useful work and dispose of the remaining heat to a cold sink, thereby acting as a heat engine. Conversely, the cycle may be reversed and use work to move heat from a cold source and transfer it to a warm sink thereby acting as a heat pump. During a closed cycle, the system returns to its original thermodynamic state of temperature and pressure. Process quantities (or path quantities), such as heat and work are process dependent. For a cycle for which the system returns to its initial state the first law of thermodynamics applies: