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Logic & Argument Lecture

1) The document discusses the key components of an argument including claims, warrants, and data. Claims are statements of opinion that require warrants and data to be persuasive. 2) It also discusses the importance of considering an argument's perspective and potential biases. Critical thinking is needed to evaluate an argument's credibility based on the qualifications and potential motives of its author. 3) When measuring evidence, good arguments provide reasons and justifications for claims, use peer-reviewed sources, and ensure evidence is timely, predictive, and establishes causal rather than just correlative relationships.

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Chris Flowers
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40 views

Logic & Argument Lecture

1) The document discusses the key components of an argument including claims, warrants, and data. Claims are statements of opinion that require warrants and data to be persuasive. 2) It also discusses the importance of considering an argument's perspective and potential biases. Critical thinking is needed to evaluate an argument's credibility based on the qualifications and potential motives of its author. 3) When measuring evidence, good arguments provide reasons and justifications for claims, use peer-reviewed sources, and ensure evidence is timely, predictive, and establishes causal rather than just correlative relationships.

Uploaded by

Chris Flowers
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logic & Argument Lecture I. What is Argument? A. Definition: Use of reason to persuade others B. What is persuasion? C.

What is used to persuade? -Logic -Evidence !upport -Lies "#anipu$ation% vs. &acts -&ear -&orce D. 'ou$min mode$ -Bac(ground: Argument )as *ased in a*so$utism * c a*so$utist c$aims are used to *ui$d democratic s+stems. "Wh+ are a*so$utist statements pro*$ematic in a democratic decision ma(ing process? ,o$ari-es communities and does not a$$o) for compromise in the communit+. ethica$ argument re/uires practica$ $ines of argument that a$$o) for compromise and open discussion that can *e eva$uated% -,rimar+ parts of argument 0% C$aim -Definition: one statement of opinion -C$aims a$one are a$)a+s )orth$ess. this is )here ceding to authorit+ is particu$ar$+ dangerous "Is there a pro*$em )ith having on$+ c$aims?% 1% Warrant - 2eason )e shou$d assent to the c$aim. *est de*aters spend most of their time giving )arrants for arguments 3% Data - evidence used to 4ustif+ c$aim -What is the difference *et)een the )arrants and data? -Warrants are the assumptions that connect the c$aim to the data. II. ,erspective A. Biases B. What determines one5s perspective? -Ethos 6ua$ifications -Credi*i$it+ *+ authorit+ -Benefits -professiona$7 )e$$-informed author on topic -Dangers -u$terior motives of authorit+ C. Wh+ do )e need critica$ thin(ing? III. 8o) do +ou measure evidence? 3 criteria A. 9ood cards has reasons data given for the )h+ and ho) of the c$aim7 i.e.7 $in( cards are especia$$+ gui$t+ of this7 U! e:pansion in Africa )i$$ cause China to

*ac($ash. "no reasons as to ho) or )h+?% B. 6ua$ifications of authors - peer-revie)ed7 tested sources are more re$ia*$e than a person )ith $ess e:perience C. 'ime$iness - changes in po$itica$ c$imates can change the va$idit+ of one5s c$aims. evidence shou$d *e predictive and shou$d *e descriptive of re$ationships. 'here are 3 t+pes of timeframes on evidence: 0. Define the status /uo 1. Esta*$ish causa$ re$ationships - not corre$ative re$ationships. 3. Wh+ is that causa$ re$ationship re$evant? - these are impacts.

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