Problems On Time and Work

Work Time Problems: tathagat classes
Problem 1: A takes 5 days to complete a piece of work and B takes 15 days to

complete a piece of work. In how many days can A and B complete the work if
they work together?
Standard Solution: Let us consider Work to be 1 unit. So if W = 1 Unit and A
takes 5 days to complete the work then in 1 day A completes 1/5th of the work.
Similarly B completes 1/15th of the work.
If they work together, in one day A and B can complete (1/5 + 1/15 = 4/15) of
the work. So to complete 1 unit of work they will take 15/4 days.
New method: Let us assume W = 15 units, which is the LCM of 5 and 15.
Given that total time taken for A to complete 15 units of work = 5 days
--> As 1 day work = 15/5 = 3 units
Given that total time taken for B to complete 15 units of work = 15 days
--> Bs 1 day work = 15/15 = 1 unit
-->(A + B)s 1 day work = 3 + 1 = 4 units
-->15 units of work can be done in 15/4 days.
Many solve Time and Work problems by assuming work as 1 unit (first method)
but I feel it is faster to solve the problems by assuming work to be of multiple
units (second method). This would be more evident when we solve problems
which are little more complex than the above one.
Problem 2: X can do a work in 15 days. After working for 3 days he is joined by
Y. If they complete the remaining work in 3 more days, in how many days can Y
alone complete the work?
Solution: Assume W = 15 units.
(Note: You can assume work to be any number of units but it is better to take
the LCM of all the numbers involved in the problem so that you can avoid
fractions)
X can do 15 units of work in 15 days
-->X can do 1 unit of work in 1 day
(Note: If I had assumed work as 13 units for example then Xs 1 day work would
be 13/15, which is a fraction and hence I avoided it by taking work as 15 units
which is easily divisible by 15 and 3)
Since X worked for 6 days, total work done by X = 6 days 1 unit/day = 6 units.
Units of work remaining = 15 - 6 = 9 units.
All the remaining units of work have been completed by Y in 3 days
>Ys 1 day work = 9/3 = 3 units.
If Y can complete 3 units of work per day then it would take 5 days to complete
15 units of work. So Y takes 5 days to complete the work.
Problem 3: A, B and C can do a piece of work in 15 days. After all the three
worked for 2 days, A left. B and C worked for 10 more days and B left. C worked
for another 40 days and completed the work. In how many days can A alone
complete the work if C can complete it in 75 days?
Solution: Assume the total work to be 600 units. (LCM of all the numbers)
Then Cs 1 day work = 8 units.
-->(A + B + C)s 1 day work = 40 units.
A, B, C work together in the first 2 days
-->Work done in the first 2 days = 40 2 = 80 units
C alone works during the last 40 days
-->Work done in the last 40 days = 40 8 = 320 units
Remaining work = 600 - (320 + 80) = 200 units
This work is done by B and C in 10 days.
-->(B + C)s 1 day work = 20 units
-->As 1 day work = (A + B + C)s 1 day work - (B + C)s 1 day work = 40 units
- 20 units = 20 units
-->A can do the work of 600 units in 30 days.
Problem 4: Gerrard can dig a well in 5 hours. He invites Lampard and Rooney
who can dig 3/4th as fast as he can to join him. He also invites Walcott and
Fabregas who can dig only 1/5th as fast as he can (Inefficient gunners you see
) to join him. If the five person team digs the same well and they start together,
how long will it take for them to finish the job?
Solution: Let the work be 100 units.
Gerrards 1 hour work = 100/5 = 20 units
Lampard and Rooneys 1 day work = 3/4 20 = 15 units.
Fabregas and Walcotts 1 day work = 1/5 20 = 4 units.
In one day all five of them can do = 20 + 15 + 15 + 4 + 4 = 58 units of work.
Hence they can complete the work in 100/58 days.
I hope you got the knack of it. Let us now see how to solve the second kind of
problems in Time and Work - the MANA!S problems.
In these kinds of problems we need to remember that the number of men
multiplied by the number of days that they take to complete the work will give
the number of mandays required to complete the work. The number of mandays
required to complete a piece of work will remain constant. We will try and
understand this concept by applying it to the next three problems.
A Very simple problem to start with:
Problem ": If 10 men take 15 days to complete a work. In how many days will
25 men complete the work?
Solution: Given that 10 men take 15 days to complete the work. So the number
of mandays required to complete the work = 10 15 mandays. So assume W =
150 mandays.
Now the work has to be done by 25 men and since W = 150 mandays, the
number of days to complete the work would be 150/25 = 6 days.
Problem #: A piece of work can be done by 8 boys in 4 days working 6 hours a
day. How many boys are needed to complete another work which is three times
the first one in 24 days working 8 hours a day?
Solution: Assume the first piece of work to be 8 4 6 = 192 boy-day-hours.
The second piece of work = 3 (The first piece of work) = 3 192 = 576 boy-day-
hours. So W = 576 boy-day-hours.
If this work has to be completed in 24 days by working 8 hours a day the number
of boys required would be 576/(24 8) = 3 boys.
Problem $: X can do a piece of work in 20 days working 7 hours a day. The work
is started by X and on the second day one man whose capacity to do the work is
twice that of X, joined. On the third day another man whose capacity is thrice
that of X, joined and the process continues till the work is completed. In how
many days will the work be completed, if everyone works for four hours a day?
Solution: Since X takes 20 days working 7 hours a day to complete the work,
the number of day-hours required to complete this work would be 140 day-hours.
Like in the two problems above, this is going to be constant throughout. So, W =
140 day-hours.
Amount of work done in the 1st day by X = 1day 4 hours = 4 day-hours
2nd day, X does again 4 day-hours of work. The second person is twice as
efficient as X so he will do 8 day-hours of work. Total work done on second day =
8 + 4 = 12 day-hours. Amount of work completed after two days = 12 + 4 = 16
day-hours.
3rd day, X does 4 day-hours of work. Second Person does 8 day-hours of work.
Third person who is thrice as efficient as X does 12 day-hours of work. Total work
done on 3rd day = 4 + 8 + 12 = 24 day-hours
Amount of work completed after 3 days = 16 + 24 = 40 day-hours
Similarly on 4th day the amount of work done would be 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 = 40
day-hours
Work done on the 5th day = 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 20 = 60 day-hours
Total work done after 5 days = 4 + 12 + 24 + 40 + 60 = 140 day-hours = W.
So it takes 5 days to complete the work.
%emember that whene&er there is mone' in&ol&ed in a (roblem) the
mone' earned should be shared b' (eo(le doing the work together in the
ratio o* total work done b' each o* them+ Again , will e-(lain this with
the hel( o* an e-am(le:
Problem .: X can do a piece of work in 20 days and Y can do the same work in
30 days. They finished the work with the help of Z in 8 days. If they earned a
total of Rs. 5550, then what is the share of Z?
Solution: Let work W = 120 units. (LCM of 20, 30 and 8)
Xs 1 day work = 6 units
Ys 1 day work = 4 units
(X + Y + Z)s 1 day work = 15 units.
So Zs 1 day work = 15 - (6 + 4) = 5 units
In 8 days Z would have completed 5 units/day 8 days = 40 units of work
Since Z does 40/120 = 1/3rd of the work, he will receive 1/3rd of the money,
which is 1/3 x 5550 = Rs. 1850.

Pi(es and /isterns

Problem 0: There are three hoses, A, B and C, attached to a reservoir. A and B
can fill the reservoir alone in 20 and 30 mins, respectively whereas C can empty
the reservoir alone in 45 mins. The three hoses are kept opened alone for one
minute each in the the order A, B and C. The same order is followed
subsequently. In how many minutes will the reservoir be full?

Solution: These kinds of problems can be solved in the same way as we solve
problems where one or more men are involved. A, B and C are equivalent to
three people trying to complete a piece of work.
The amount of work to be done would be the capacity of the reservoir. Lets
assume capacity of the reservoir = W = 180 (LCM of 20, 30, 45) litres.
A can fill the reservoir in 20 mins In 1 min A can fill 180/20 = 9 L. B can fill
180/60 = 6 L in a minute.
In one minute C can empty 180/45 = 4 L from the reservoir.
1
st
Minute => A is opened => fills 9 L
2
nd
Minute => B is opened =>fills another 6 L
3
rd
Minute => C is opened => empties 4 L
Hence every 3 minutes => (9 + 6 - 4 =) 11 litres are filled into the reservoir.
So in 45 minutes (11 15 =) 165 litres are filled.
In the 46
th
minute A is opened and it fills 9 litres. In the 47
th
minute B is opened
and it fills 6 litres.
Hence the reservoir will be full in 47 minutes.
Problem 11: There is an empty reservoir whose capacity is 30 litres. There is an
inlet pipe which fills at 5 L/min and there is an outlet pipe which empties at 4
L/min. Both the pipes function alternately for 1 minute. Assuming that the inlet
pipe is the first one to function, how much time will it take for the reservoir to be
filled up to its capacity?
Solution: The work to be done = Capacity of reservoir = W = 30 litres
1
st
Minute => inlet pipe opened => 5l filled
2
nd
minute => inlet pipe closed; outlet pipe opened => 4l emptied
In 2 minutes (5 litres -4 litres =) 1l is filled into the reservoir.
It takes 2 minutes to fill 1l => it takes 50 minutes to fill 25 litres into the tank.
In the 51
st
minute inlet pipe is opened and the tank is filled.
Problem 11: Sohan can work for three hours non-stop but then needs to rest for
half an hour. His wife can work for two hours but rests for 15 min after that,
while his son can work for 1 hour before resting for half an hour. If a work takes
50 man-hours to get completed, then approximately how long will it take for the
three to complete the same? Assume all of them all equally skilled in their work.
(a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 20 (d) 24

Solution: W = 50 man-hours
Since all of them are equally skilled; in 1 hour they can do 3 man-hours of work if
no one is resting.
It will take them 50/3 = 16.6 hours to complete the work if they work
continuously.
But, since they take breaks the actual amount of time would > 17 hours.
Option (a) and (b) are ruled out.
Now let us calculate the amount of work done in 20 hours.
Sohan does 3 man-hours in every 3.5 hours (because he takes rest for half an
hour on the 4
th
hour)
In 20 hours (3.5 5 + 2.5) Sohan completes => 3 5 + 2.5 = 17.5 man-hours
---- (12
His wife completes 2 man-hours every 2.25 hours (because she rests on the
3
rd
hour)
In 20 hours (2.25 8 + 2) she completes => 2 8 + 2 = 18 man-hours. ---- (22
Child completes 1 man-hours every 1.5 hour.
In 20 hours (1.5 13 + 0.5) he completes 1 13 + 0.5 = 13.5 man-hours of
work. ------ (32
Adding 1) 2 3 3
In approximately 20 hours 49 man-hours will be completed; so the work can be
completed in 20
th
hour.
Re: Time and Workby Rahul Shinde - Thursday, 9 July 2009, 04:42 PM
This article is really very helpful for preparing Time and Work topic.Hope to get
few more such topics from the author in future.
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by sanjeeb panda - Thur, 9 Jul 09,
04:47 PM
Great article.Thanks a lot.smilesmile If u have more number of questions pls
post.
Regards, Sanjeeb
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby vishnu madhavan - Thur, 9 Jul09,
05:41 PM
Thankuuu soo much Sindhoor.Really nice article cool big grin
The concept of taking work as mulitple units is simplifying probs to a grt
extent.Thankuu
Hope smeday, we chotta gadhas too will be providing quality stuff like dis to our
gadha land.Thnku TG & Dagny Maam
Rgrds, VishnuShow parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by shivam mehra - Fri, 10
Jul09, 11:15 AM
nice article thank u so much problem 7 is bit problematic...4 or 7 hours a day
work is carried out not clear
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Sindhoor Grandhi - Fri, 10 Jul09,
11:28 AM
Thanks Shivam smile and read the last line of problem 7 .. it says everyone
works for 4 hours a day.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Timeand WorkbySindhoorGrandhi-Fri,10 Jul09, 11:32 AM
Vishnu, I am happy you liked it. hoping to see your article someday on TG smile
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbySindhoorGrandhi - Fri, 10 Jul09, 11:49 AM
Sanjeeb,I am short of good questions in this topic too .. but will try and see if I
can post more .. or may be you can post any that you encounter during your
preparation.
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Workby Software Engineer-Fri,0Ju09,12:54 PM
Great Effort! smile Nice Article! smile smile......Thanks- SE
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby the killer-Fri, 10 Jul09, 03:47 PM
Awsome article Sir!Thanks a ton.smile Hope to get some more articles from you.
Regards,Killer
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Jay Sampat - Fri, 10 Jul09, 04:44 PM
Thanks A Lot.
I think that there is a typing mistake in answer 4. It will be 100/58 hours.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Vivek Narain-Fri,10 Jul09, 07:04 PM
U rock dude. The article is very helpful. Please post in some more problems, esp.
on pipes n cisterns, and those like the last problem where a person takes a break
while working...
Thanks a ton..
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby kat goel - Fri,10 Jul09, 10:03 PM
I agree with Jay . Day in problem 4 should be replaced by hour
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby ayush roy-Saturday,11Jul09, 12:38 AM
grt article dude,feelin so confident nw.just replace 180/60 wid 180/30 in prb
9,just a printin mistake.TG sir,expectin some challenging prbs frm u in this topic.
Thanks, ayush
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Work by akash gupta-Sat,11July09, 01:28 AM
too good boss..very helpful
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Workbyamit kheterpal-Sat,11 Jul09, 10:10 AM
nice work bro..can u give us article on tsd,percentages,profit n loss..these article
help us lot n save our time..
sir/mam/se/sindhoor
Can u make article on each n every topic..n please post sum questions too..i love
studying in this site..i have learnt many things here more than my coaching
institute.At the same time iam sad today i got backlog in my 6thsem engineering
exams my entire planning is now shatered.iam not able to understand wat i
should do..
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by Puneet Aggarwal - Sat, 11 Jul09,
07:30 PM
after this artice I am feeling lot more confident with time and work...thanks a lot
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by Tuhin Banerjee - Sat, 11 July 2009,
10:22 PM Hi Sindhoor,
Great Article, thanks a lot. Personally I like this chapter a lot, could you please
put some good quality questions here specific to Time & Work?
Regards, Tuhin
Show parent|ReplyRe: Time and Work by Parag Paratkar-Sat, 11 Jul09, 11:38 PM
Hi Sindhoor, Thanks for the article..............smile!!!!! -Parag
Show parent|Reply Re:Time and Work by joydeep sarkar-Sun,12 Jul09, 10:44 AM
here is a problem...
A group of workers was put on a job. From the second day onwards, one worker
was withdrawn each day. The job was finished when the last worker was
withdrawn. Had no worker been withdrawn at any stage, the group would have
finished the job in two-third of the time. How many workers were there in the
group?
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Work by harshhal bandekar-Sun,12 July09,
05:56 PM
Dear Sindhoor Nice article on time & work
But I did not follow your third solution properly. I suppose whenever we take the
lCM of the individual's working days we do it to calcualte the total workdone in
units for ex. in the first problem total workdone is 15units.
But in third problem you have taken the LCM 15,10,40 2,75.Just want to know
the logic behind it. Also Please clarify why you have taken the LCM of above nos
when the work done by A,B,C is
A = 2 days B = 2 days with A,B + 10 days with C = 12 days C = 2 days with
A,B + 10days with B + 40 days all alone = 52 days
Please clarify ...
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by Sindhoor Grandhi - Mon, 13
July09, 12:40 PM Hi harshhal, Sorry for the late reply ..
In problem 3: Whatever you assume Work as; remember that you need to divide
it with 75 days(to find C's 1 day work) and 15 days( to find A+B+C's 1 day
work). So it is enough to take W as the LCM of 75 and 15 which is 75.
Solve the problem with W=75 units and you will get the same answer. You need
to take a mental note of what you would be dividing W with while you are solving
the problem. Got it? Tell me frankly if you still have a doubt ..
Show parent | Reply Re: joydeep by Kulvir Singh - Mon, 13 July 2009, 12:52 PM
Is the answer three??
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Work by SindhoorGrandhi-Mon,13Jul09,12:53 PM
Guyz, Try this problem. Its a good one ..
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Workby Gaurav Mittal-Mon,13July09, 04:00 PM
great work done sindhoor... hope to see some more articles like this from you in
future... thanks a lot
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Kulvir Singh-Tues,14 Jul09, 11:57 AM
@ Sindhoor..
Nice article...Which problem you are talking about..??
Show parent|ReplyRe:Timeand WorkbyAmarKrDubedy-Tue,14 Jul09, 03:48 PM
Ans is 6 ??
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWork by joydeep sarkar-Tue,14 Jul09, 10:43 PM
the answer is 3...
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyVickramAsokan - Wed,15 Jul09, 10:51 AM
Great article...Kudos... Post more challenging problems on the topic..Thanks,-
VIckram.Show parent|ReplyTime and Work by Shyam Manawat-Wed, 15
July09,05:08 PM
very nice artical. i learned a lot. i try to use it in each prob. thanx
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Work by Sindhoor Grandhi - Wed,15 July 09,
05:46 PM
Thanks Kulvir, I was telling about the problem posted by joydeep only and 3 is
the right answer smile
Show parent | Reply e: Time and Work by Sindhoor Grandhi - Wednesday, 15
July 2009, 05:47 PM Thanks Shyam
Show parent | Reply Re: TimeandWorkbyjoydeep sarkar-Wed,15 Jul09, 06:34 PM
Two friends decide to work together and complete the construction of the four
walls of a room which is in the shape of a square.however,as b fell sick,a started
the work alone and completed the construction of one wall and took "t" hours
more than what they would have taken if they had worked together.after this a
left and b,working alone completed the construction of the second wall and took
"(25/16)t" hours more than what they would have taken if they had worked
together.Finally,both of them worked together and completed the remaining two
walls.the construction of the four walls was completed in 121 days.
in how many days can b alone complete the construction of the four walls? if a
total of 3600 is paid for the entire work,what is the share of a???
Show parent|Reply Re:Time and Work by KulvirSingh - Thur, 16 Jul09, 12:12 AM
A can make 4 walls in 9 days...Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Work by jyoti
verma - Friday, 17 July 2009, 12:12 AM
hiThanks for the post .Nice fundas!!
Show parent|Reply Re:TimeandWorkbyantriksh agarwal - Fri, 17 Jul09, 04:27 PM
hi joydeep,kindly provide a detailed solution of the above problem (wall
construction prob) as i am unable to solve it.
thanks. Antriksh
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbykumarswambhu-Sun,19 Jul09, 10:16 AM
This article have some really tricky questions
Show parent|Reply Re: Time and Workby tarun bhavnani-Sun,19 Jul09, 01:21 PM
ans is ---> b can do it in 45 days....
sol.-->say a can do wrk in l days and b can do it in m days...
both can do it in n days....l-n=t and m-n = (25/16)t and
l+m+n = 121*24 (converting days to hrs)
3 equations n 3 unknowns...solve.. enjoy..
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Workby Hemant Ahire - Sun, 26 Jul09, 08:13 PM
X can do a piece of work in 20 days and Y can do the same work in 30 days. They
finished the work with the help of Z in 8 days. If they earned a total of Rs. 5550,
then what is the share of Z?
Please correct me if I m wrong.
1/20+1/30+1/Z = 1/8
1/Z = 1/8 - (50/600)
1/Z = 1/8 - 1/12
1/Z = 1/24
Therefore Z can do piece of work in 24 days. So the ration of X:Y:Zwill be
20:30:24. Therefore share of Z will be 5550*(12/37) = 1800.
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by cc6886 cc-Tue, 28 Jul09, 11:39 AM
hi Sindhoor,
wont the ans be true for all multiples of 3 (regarding the no of workers
problem)... i think 6,9 would also be right...please correct if am wrong.
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Work by Umang Mathur-Wed,29 Jul09, 04:35 PM
The solution to last problem seems problem specific. Had the total man-hours
required to complete the work were not 50 but some creepy number, then
directly multiplying by a number, as in this case by 20, would not be easily
possible, rather, we would have then used, hit and trial approach.
Please Correct me if I am wrong.
Regards Umang Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Workby diptadeep banerjee -
Wednesday, 29 July 2009, 10:22 PM
hi Hemant,
I think we need to consider the ratio of work done rather than the time taken in
doing the work.. that's what i understand. Can anyone tell me how to solve
joydeep's first question please?
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyAjaykumarKamne-Thur,30 Jul09, 10:21 AM
hey tarun, I had a doubt in ur solution for the question with 4 walls.
1. as the room is a square, the amount of work reqd to do each of the wall would
be equal.
2. and considering l,m,n to be the hours taken by a,b and a+b together to build
one wall. the equations would be, l-n = t , m-n = 25t/16 and l+m+2n
= 121*24 (not l+m+n = 121*24 , 2n because they build two walls together.)
I have a doubt in the third equation of your solution. Correct me if am wrong.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Ajaykumar Kamne - Thursday, 30 July
2009, 10:49 AM solution for joydeep's first question,
let n be the no. of persons working on first day, thn
no of persons working first day = n
no of persons working second day = n-1
no of persons working third day = n-2
hence no of persons working on nth day = 1
if all n persons kept working daily, thn it took (2/3)n days.
n + n-1 + n-2 + ........ +1 = (2/3)*n
using sum of arithmetic progressions and solving this
1/2[2*(a)+(N-1)(d)] = 2N/3
1/2[2*(1)+(n-1)(1)] = 2n/3
1/2[n+1] = 2n/3
n+1 = 4n/3
hence n = 3; and no, n cannot be any multiple of 3 as can be seen here,; let x
be 1,2,3..... anything; then our equation would become,
xn + xn-1 + xn-2 +.....+1 = (2/3)*xn and solving similarly
1/2[2*(a)+(N-1)(d)] = 2N/3, here N = xn
1/2[2*(1)+(xn-1)(1)] = 2(xn)/3
1/2[xn+1] = 2xn/3
xn+1 = 4xn/3
xn = 3.
n = 3/x (not an integer)
Hence n can only take value 3; other ways of solving this problem are
welcome... smile
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbybrijesh jadav-Mon,3 Aug09,12:18 PM
Great work and an equally great method... thnk u
Show parent|ReplyRe: Time and Workby manish kakati - Tue, 4 Aug09, 06:23 PM
I getting the concepts...but some more problems will strengthen our basics and
acumen...PLEASE PROVIDE MORE PROBs ON IT.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby harsh Rana - Fri,7 Aug09, 12:10 AM
Wow..Awe-inspiring explanation about Time and Work Topic. As usual same like
other covered topics on this site. I feel amazed whenever i read your topics here
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Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyPrimeOptimus-Wed, 12 Aug09, 12:11 AM
Hi,
I had pre-conceived notion that Time and work is tedious.. but this article has
made it simpler and lucid.. Thanks -Hari
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Workby punit badal - Wed,12Aug09,03:16 PM
Hi,could you put some probems which involve persons with different capabilities..
Show parent|ReplyRe:Time and Workby Nikhil Lingala-Thur,13 Aug09, 10:00 PM
That was awesome!! Explained beautifully!!
Thanks so much for the post Sindhoor. Smile Nikhil
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Work by PAVAN C - Sat, 15 Aug09, 08:14 PM
Thank you very much for this article.
Regard, pavan
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkby manish kakati-Wed,19Aug09, 11:23 AM
Please this for me: Theres a lot of work in preparing a birthday dinner. Even
after the turkey is in the oven, theres still the potatoes and gravy, yams, salad,
and cranberries, not to mention setting the table.
Three friends, Asit, Arnold, and Afzal, work together to get all of these chores
done. The time it takes them to do the work together is six hours less than Asit
would have taken working alone, one hour less than Arnold would have taken
alone, and half the time Afzal would have taken working alone. How long did it
take them to do these chores working together? 1. 20 minutes 2. 30 minutes 3.
40 minutes 4. 50 minutes
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbykanwarjitchadha-Wed, 19 Aug09, 09:14 PM
Boss, ans is 40 min
but this can be obtained by back calculation from given ans only is there a better
way to solve???
Show parent | Reply Re: Time and Workbyabhishektripathi-Fri,21Aug09,02:27 AM
thank u tg sir for dis article loking forwards 4 more of ur noble work.have a great
day ahead cheers abhisheksmile
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyRaviBabuGudipudi-Fri,21Aug09,03:16PM
Hi TG,
Thank you, this artical is really good ...
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Netra Mehta - Sat,22Aug09, 02:56 AM
" n + n-1 + n-2 + ........ +1 = (2/3)*n "
I dint get this step in the solution to joydeep's question..Can u explain me why u
equated these two terms??
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby mitesh anand-Mon,31Aug09, 01:07 AM
hi everyone,
the ans for joydeep's 2nd prob wud be--b can complete in 45*4=180 days(only I
think u might hav mistaken in writing hrs instead of dayz at sum places)
a-1/36,b-1/45 so a's share-(5/9)*3600=2000
Show parent | ReplyRe:ajaykumarkamnebymiteshanand-Mon,31Aug09, 01:22 AM
frnd...I hop ki I will simplify ur sol little bit..
let work done by each prson on each day=1 unit
no. of prsons working on 1st day=n--workdone->n units
no. of prsons working on 2nd day=n-1--workdone->n-1 units
no. of prsons working on nth day=1--workdone->1 unit
equation becomes-> n + n-1 + n-2 + ..... +1=(2/3)[n+n+n...upto 'n' times]
[n(n+1)]/2=(2/3)n^2
4n^2=3n^2+3n
n^2=3n
n=0 or 3
discarding 0,ans wud b 3 men.Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Etti R -
Saturday, 5 September 2009, 01:20 AM
Wonderful!a very good variety..please post some more such problems.thanks a
lot!!
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and WorkbyPriyeshTungare-Sat,5 Sept09,09:44 PM
hiii...can anyone explain me the problems where two or more people are included
and they work on alternate days??i am not able to solve this kind of problems..
pls help me...
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Worky nitin bhat - Sat, 5 SepT09, 11:01 PM
Hi Priyesh, Problems that include 2 or more people can be solved in the similar
fashion as you take the units of work.
Ex. A can finish a work in 10 days and B takes 15 days to complete the same
work whereas C takes 25 days to do the same job. Find the number of days it
takes to finish the job when:
a) A,B & C all work on alternate days
b)A&B work on the same day and C works the next day.
Soln.Let the total amount of work be 150 units(LCM of 10,15,25) then the
respective units of works of A-15,B-10 and C-6.
a)Work completed 1st Day-15(Only A works) 2nd day-10(Only B works) 3rd day
-6 (Only C works) so at the end of 3 days the amount of work finished-
15+10+6=31Units.hence they would take Approx.15 days(14.51) to complete the
work.
b)When A&B work same day the work completed-25 units on day 1 next day
since only C works, units of work completed on day 2 is 6Units. So at the end of
2 days the unit of work completed is(25+6)=31Units. So to complete 150 units
it'll take them Approx. 10 Days(9.61).
I hope you have understood by now....Regards, Nitin Bhat [email protected]
Showparent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyPriyeshTungare-Sat,5Sept09, 11:19 PM
hey nitin...it may feel like stupidity...but can u explain one thing.. total units of
work is 31 ... then how did u find that they wud take 15 days to complete the
work???
Show parent|ReplyRe: Time and Workby nitin bhat-Sun,6 Sept09, 12:49 AM
Priyesh,
3Days-31 Units of work done, next 3 days 62 units done, next 3 days 93 units
done. so on and so forth by the end of 15 days 155 units of work will be
completed. our target is to complete 150 units of work. so it'll be little less than
15 days...
Regards,NitinShow parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby sindhuja morampalli -
Friday, 11 September 2009, 04:05 PM
really a great work, thank u so much sir, keep updating these kind of works
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Neetendra Mishra - Sunday, 13
September 2009, 08:51 PM gud work...
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby ramkrishna roy - Thursday, 17
September 2009, 03:54 PM for example-3. , how are we getting LCM to be
600??
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby PAVAN C - Tues, 22 Sept09, 12:31 AM
Dear ramkrishna roy,
The values in the problem are 15,2,10,40,75 so LCM ( 15,2,10,40,75 ) =600.
Regards,Pavan.
Showparent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbydeveshbhattacharya-Fri,25Sept09,07:06 PM
I tried the approach its wonderful. I tried a few more questions of different
variety and placing them here smile
Q1> if 20 men or 24 women or 40 boys can do a work in 12 days working for 8
hours a day, How many men working with 6 women and 2 boys take to do a job 4
times larger, if they work 5 hours a day for 12 day?
STOP HERE first try it do by yourself. if u can't solution is here.
Solution: take lcm as 480. total work hours for 1st job is 12*8= 96 man hours.
now every group here takes 96 man hours, so, first group of men will do 480/96
= 5 units of work per hour. Same is true for group of women and boys.
Each man will do 5/20 unit work per hour. each Women do 5/24 unit work per
hour, each boy will do 5/40 unit per hour. now the new task is 4 times bigger i.e
480*4 units.
now equate, let no. of men working on new task be = x no. of women working
are 6 no. of boys working = 2
now x*(5/20)+ 6*(5/24) + 2*(5/40) = 480 * 4
it gives x = 122, which is the no of men required. enjoysmile
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby jaya dulani - Thur, 1 Oct09, 03:32 PM
Awesome article smile!!!!
U've made time & work probs much easier and interesting for me..
Thanks a ton!!!
@Tarun- hey tarun, i agree with Ajay..shudn't that be 2n, as both of them
constructed two walls together. Moreover, aren't there 4 unknowns and 3
equations? Plz lead me to the correct solution. Thanx..
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby arpita bansal - Sat, 3 Oct09, 10:27 AM
Can someone please help me in solving this question:
a large tank of height 10m is fitted with an inlet which can fill it in 60 minutes.
the tank has 3 outlet pipes fitted at the heights of 5m, 8m, 9.5m, from the
bottom. all the pipes are opened simultaneously, with the tank being empty
initially. in how much time 95% of the tank can be filled? if the outlert pipe can
empty half of the tank in 1 and half hours, the outlet pipe in the middle can
empty 20% of the tank in 1 hr 12 min and outlet pipe at the top can empty 5% of
teh tank in 18 mins
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby arnab das - Tues, 6 Oct09, 01:32 PM
it's very helpful. Thanks a lot.It will be very good if you can kindly can upload an
article based on time and distance(Mainly circle problem, A,B, C running and how
many times they meet, kinna........)It will be very helpful if you do so.....
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby supriya naidu - Thur,8Oct09, 12:34 PM
Hi, Thanks for the information.I have found one site snapwiz.co.in
there is lot of good stuff regarding this chapter in case if you are planning to
prepare as a whole for CAT i strongly recommend you to look snapwiz .Take the
tests there and compare your percentile score with respective to each subject.
Now a days there is promotional offer going on.i registered through promotional
code SW100CAT you can also try this
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Prudhvi G - Thur, 8 Oct09, 04:38 PM
Q1> by Devesh
If 20 men or 24 women or 40 boys can do a work in 12 days working for 8 hours
a day, How many men working with 6 women and 2 boys take to do a job 4 times
larger, if they work 5 hours a day for 12 day?
Alternate solution for this problem:Work = 12 D X 8 H = 96 Day-Hours
As a group of 20 Men or 24 Women or 40 Boys can do the work in same time
20 M = 24 W = 40 B
5 M = 6 W = 10 B (please do not blame me for gender bias -))
Work = 12 x 8 x 20 man-day-hours
New work = 4 x previous work = 4 x (12 x 8 x 20 ) M-D-H
Let the new work be done by Men alone.
New work done by: 6 W + 2 B + a M => 5 M + 1M + a M (relation btw M,W,B )
New work = 4 x (12 x 8 x 20 ) = (5+1+a) x 5 x12; a = 128 - 6 = 122 men
~Cheers~RajShow parent | Reply Re: Time and Workby sushil krishna -
Saturday, 10 October 2009, 03:09 AM thanx
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby manish majumder - Monday, 12
October 2009, 07:07 PM
it was really a very useful post for time and work preparation.Show parent|Reply
Re: Time and Workby VENU REDDY - Wednesday, 21 October 2009, 11:24 AM
Time and work articles is really good. Thank you very much for posting the article
here
Show parent | ReplyRe: TimeandWorkby Pankaj Kumar-Thur,29 Oct09, 01:02 PM
great n summarized piece on Time and Work, TG can you please help us on
logarithms topic too.Thanks!!
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkby smriti chhabra-Wed, 4 Nov09,10:53 AM
hi! ds article s really helpful! plz gve such articles n all important topics n CAT!
but i ve sme doubts in problem 9 ve understood upto dt levet dt 11 litres are
filled into d reservior after dt last 2 steps plz make me understand n problem 3
too!
Show parent | ReplyTime and Work e bookby prateek bansal - Tuesday, 10
November 2009, 02:15 AM tg sir
i have sent u cheque for TSD and geometry e book bt have stioll nt received .CAT
is v ery near.pls help prateek
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkebookbyjatinarora- Tue,10 Nov09,12:50 PM
Dear Sir ,the problems can also be solved using work efficiences also
1. A does work in 5 days so A eff% = 100/5
B does work in 15 days so B eff% = 100/15
Eff% of A + Eff% of B = 100/5 + 100/15 = 400/15
Both can A and B can do work in = 100/400/15 = 15/4 answer
2. A does work in 15 days so A eff% = 100/15=20/3
A works for 6 days so work completed by A in 6 days = (20/3)*6 = 40%
so work to be completed by B in 3 days = 60%
B eff% = 60/3 = 20%; So B alone can do work in = 100/20= 5 days answer
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbySamitKatiyar-Mon,16 Nov09, 09:34 PM
Hello Sir...
Many many thanks to u............In Quant,Time and Work was the only section
where I have solved any question correctly..........But after going through ur
solving skills.........I can solve TnW questions............Thanks a lot for this great
tutorial..........
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyAnkitGarg-Tue,24 Nov09, 11:12 AM
great article, after reading i realized how simple it will be with taking LCM ...
thanks a lot guys
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby nidhi soni - Sun, 29 Nov09, 05:27 PM
thnx sindhoor smile awesome artical smile
Re: Time and Workby abhishek rai - Tuesday, 8 June 2010, 04:31 AM
I may be an idiot, but please see the following.A group of men decided to do a
job in 8 days. But since 10 men dropped everyday, the job got completed in 12
days. How many men were at the beginning?I got the answer as 330. Am I
correct. I think the answer, given as 165 is wrong..Help!!!
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Gul Gul - Tue, 8 June 2010, 08:58 AM
Abhishek,The equation would be sth like this:
8x = 12x - 10(1+2+...11); x= 165
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby abhishek rai - Tue, 8 Jun10, 01:49 PM
Thnx Gulab...But accroindgly, 660 men dropped in 12 days, but only 165 men
were at the begining!!!!! Shouldn't the no. of dropped people be 110.
Then,
8x=(x-110)*12
or, 8x = 12*110-12x
or, 4x=12*110
or x= 330.
Now plz explain!!!also, initially, the no. of mandays required 1320, if 165 is the
answer and after after dropping of 110 people, it becomes 540. Something fishy!
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkby miti chakraborty-Tues,8Jun10, 02:29 PM
ajay, i used simple trial nd error method 2 solve dis q...
here, t1/t2= 1/(2/3) = 3/2 therefore, w1/w2= 2/3
nw capacity of each person is same. Let us assume capacity is x for all.
nw using trial nd error.... w1= 3x+2x+x=6x ; w2= 3x+3x+3x = 9x; w1/w2=2/3
i knw, it cant b d proper way 2 solve ds q...but it's time saving...
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkby miti chakraborty - Tues,8 Jun10, 02:56 PM
abhisek, the no. of men dropped during the process is :- So for the 1st day
10 for the (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, ........, 12th day)
i.e. in total (10 X11)= 110 men were dropped according to the q am i right,
gulab????
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Gul Gul-Tue,8 Jun10, 08:53 PM
Yup Miti, u r correct smile
Show parent | ReplyRe:TimeandWorkby umang shastri-Thur, 2 Sept10, 03:14 PM
prefectsmile
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Mohit Sharma-Tue,3 Apr 12,09:58 AM
@ joydeep, Let both the frnd can complete the wrk in X hrs, then, first frnd can
complete wrk in= X+t hrs; second frnd can complete wrk in= X+25t/16,
We also knw that, 1/X=1/(X+t)+1/(X+25t/16)
from this we get, 4X=5t
Now use, (X+t)+(X+25t/16)+2X= 121*24 hr ;and calculate the value of X and t.
Show parent|Reply Re:Time and Work by Mohit Sharma-Thur,5 Apr12, 10:27 PM
Hi Kamal Sir, Please help me with the question.
Ques: Mini and Vinay are quiz masters preparing for a quiz. In x minutes, Mini
makes y questions more than Vinay. If it were possible to reduce the time needed
by each to make a question by two minutes, then in x minutes Mini would make
2y questions more than Vinay. How many questions does Mini make in x
minutes?
a) 1/4[2(x+y)-sqrt(2x^2+4y^2)]
b) 1/4[2(x-y)-sqrt(2x^2+4y^2)]
c) Either a or b
d) 1/4[2(x-y)-sqrt(2x^2-4y^2)]
e) None of these
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyMohit Sharma-Wed,18April12,06:52 PM
hi Kamal Sir,
Please help me with the above question.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Kirti Sahoo - Wed, 6 Jun12, 10:31 AM
Hello TG,
I think there's a bit of an anomaly in the solution for Problem 4. In the solution
it's given that Lapmpard and Rooney's 1 day work = 15 units but i think it should
be 1 hours work and same with Fabregas and Walcott. So there combined 1 hours
work should be 39 units and thus they can complete the work in 100/39 hours or
2.56 hrs
As per the solution provided here the answer 100/58 days is absurd because
that's approx. 1.72 which is greater than 1 day which can't be the case as
Gerrard himself takes 5 hours to complete the work so with the help of 4 other
people he should be able to complete the work in less time.
Please check the solution and correct me if i'm wrong. smile
Thanks.Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbykirtivardhan-Sun,29Jul12,04:39 PM
my first post on TG:
There is another concept that can be used to solve time work problems and that
is the FRACTION RULE. I will post a question here.i will give you the easy
method.25 men and 20 days to construct a 10 mt wall.how many men are
required to make an 8 mt wall if it is planned that the work be completed in 10
days..
FRACTION RULE:take the value of the quantity that is to be calculated as
reference..here 25. then frame the fractions by the following: if number of days
decreases (20 to 10) the number men has to inclrease so the fraction that has to
be multiplied should be greater than 1 so 20/10. next for constructin an 8 mt wall
lesser number of men are required as compared to a 10mt wall so the fraction
has to be less than 1 i.e. 8/10, So men required = 25*(20/10)*(8/10)= 40
men(answer) hope this helps u to crack questions faster.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Pratibha B - Friday, 3 August 2012,
11:17 AM Sindhoor,
I have a confusion in problem No.7. The question says "everyone works for four
hours a day". I don't understand why, then, other workers apart from X work
more than four hours a day[as per the solution].
Please clarify.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby Rhythm Goyal-Sun,5Aug12, 10:57 PM
HI Hemant,
Z alone "can do" work in 24 days. But he worked only 8 days.Also payment does
not depend on number of days worked for, but on the amount of work.Thus in 8
days he worked 1/24*8 part of work i.e. 1/3 of work.thus payment too 1/3rd
only.
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbysameersapre-Sun,5 Aug12, 11:17 PM
thank you sir...!!gr8 and laudable work. thanks a lot....!! smile smile
Show parent|ReplyRe:TimeandWorkbyAshwani Kushwaha-Fri,24 Aug12,03:23 PM
cud anyone out here provide me the link to the Ratio and proportion forum. I
can't find it. It would be of great help. Thanx
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby anil mosali-Mon,10Sept12,07:43 AM
u r genius boss. Actually speaking u r total n we are gadhas.. thats our site. help
us improve still more with concepts of deeper complexity..smile
Show parent | ReplyRe: TimeandWorkbyjyotsnachauhan-Mon,22 Oct12,09:00 PM
hello Sindhoor, Please solve this question for me . Thank you.
Four pipes can fill a reservoir in 15, 20,
30 and 60 hours respectively. The first
one was opened at 6 AM, second at 7
AM, third at 8 AM and the fourth at 9
AM. When will the reservoir be filled ?
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby vivek 231 - Tues,23 Oct12, 04:27 PM
hi , let the capacity of tank be 60 (l.c.m of 15,20,30,60) and the pipe A will fill at
a rate 4 litres per hour
B at 3,c at 2 AND D AT 2,
in the first hour only A is opened so 4litrs will be filled
in the second A and B so 7
in the third hour a,b,and c 9
in the fourth a,b,cand D 10
now 30 litres will be filled at 10a.m after that it will take
3 hours to fill (30/(4+3+2+1)=3hours) , so it will be filled completely at 12.00
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby ankit SAHAY - Sun,8 Sept13, 10:18 PM
hi, can some one please solve this question:
The rates at which Alok and Bhaskar work are in the ratio 5 : 4. They work on
alternate days to complete a job. Bhaskar started the job and he worked on the
last day. The job was completed in 1 day more than the time that Alok alone
would take to complete it. Find the time taken (in days) by them working
together to complete the job.
Show parent | ReplyRe:Time and Workby debaditya khan-Mon,9Sept13,01:43 PM
Efficiency of A: B= 5:4
let total work is 100x
total wok=(5+4)x=9x
now total work=9x*11=99x( in 22 days)
in 23 days the rest work i,e. x will be completed by B @(x/4x)
therefore total work will be completed in 23 days.
Show parent | ReplyRe: Time and Workby ankit SAHAY - Mon,9Sept13, 07:31 PM
thanx for the response but ans is given as 40/9 days.
Man Hour Work
Mathematics
Most of the questions asked in CAT from the chapter MAN HOUR WORK are complicated in nature and
requires a good reasoning skill !irst tr" to understand the #asics and sol$e the questions gi$en here as
e%ample #efore mo$ing to the questions in &uestion 'ank
CONCEPT
(et)s take an e%ample of #uilding a #ridge
*ou ha$e #een told that +, men -orked for +, da"s and . hours dail" to complete the a#o$e task
No- lets anal"/e fe- different cases #" changing some of the a#o$e $aria#les associated -ith the task
Case1: *ou are asked to #uild a similar #ridge at some other place #ut -ith less num#er of people 0sa" .1
then it2s quite o#$ious that the num#er of da"s required shall increase
0Note3 Here -e are assuming that each man does same amount of -ork in a gi$en time frame1
Case 2: *ou ha$e to #uild one more #ridge -ith +, men #ut the num#er of -orking hours reduced to 4 hr
dail" 5n this case the num#er of da"s)ll also increase
Case 3: (et2s consider another case -here -e are in a hurr" and required to finish the -ork in less
num#er of da"s 0sa" 61
Then -hat -e)ll ha$e to do7
We ha$e to increase either the num#er of -orkers or the num#er of -orking hours per da" or #oth
Case 4: !inall" let2s consider a situation -here -e are required to #uild more than one #ridge 0sa" 81
Here if -e -ant to #uild the #ridge in +, da"s then -e -ould #e required to increase either the num#er of
-orkers or the num#er of -orking hours per da" or #oth
5f -e don2t increase the num#er of -orkers or -orking hour then the time taken to complete the #ridge -ill
#e definitel" more
!rom all the a#o$e cases it can #e concluded that each task9-ork can #e represented -ith : $aria#les
M ; num#er of men
< ; num#er of da"s
H ; num#er of hours per da"
W ; amount of -ork
And the #asic relationship among the $aria#les is
MDH/W = Constant
5n the a#o$e specified situation
M ; +, = < ; +,= H ;. and W ; +
No- tr" to ans-er the follo-ing questions
+ Ho- long -ill it take . men to complete the #ridge -orking 4 hours per da"7
8 5f the #ridge is required to #e completed in 6 da"s then ho- man" -orkers need to -ork 4 hour per da"
to complete the >o#
? Ho- man" da"s it ll take for +, men -orking +, hours per da" to #uild ? similar #ridges7
Ans-er +3 M+;. = H+;4 and W+;+
Using the formula
M<H9W; M+<+H+9 W+
We get
+, % +, % . ; . % <+ % 4 ;@ <+ ; +,,94 ; 6,9? da"s
Aimilarl" tr" to sol$e the other t-o questions and discuss it in forum if "ou ha$e an" difficult" in doing so
Problem Sol!n"
With the a#o$e mentioned concept "ou can sol$e an" kind of MAN HOUR WORK pro#lem #ut for fe-
specific pro#lems it is easier to attempt the pro#lem in a different -a"
5f fi$e men finish a -ork in 4 hours then ? men -ill finish the same -ork in BBBBBBBBBB man" hours7
Met#o$ 1: This pro#lem assumes that all men do the same amount of Work in an hour= and that the"
-ould do= sa"= t-ice as much -ork in t-o hours
The first phrase3 C!i$e men finish the -ork in 4 hoursC is simpl" a
Atatement of ho- much -ork is to #e done We kno- ho- man" menD -e kno- ho- man" hoursD #ut -e
are not told ho- much -ork That is a clue that the pro#lem demands us to figure out -hat sort of
num#er= -ith -hat sort of units= can #e attached to the -ord -ork
Each men -orks for 4 hours and there are 6 men Ao the total effort gi$en is ?, man hour No- that -e
kno- ho- much -ork three men must do= it is not so hard to figure out ho- long it -ill take them to do it
Aimpl" di$ide ?, #" ? and the ans-er is +, hour
*ou can use the M<H9W formula to calculate it and the result )ll #e the same Here W and < are +
Met#o$ 2:
The first step is to find out -hat fraction each men contri#utes to the completion of the >o#
6 men complete the >o# in 4 hour
;@ One man can complete the >o# in ?, hours
;@ One man does +9?,th of the >o# each hour
;@ ? men )ll do ?9?,0;+9+,1th >o# in each hour
;@ The >o# can #e done in +, hours
0Read the a#o$e lines carefull" and tr" to understand it thoroughl" as it)ll help "ou in sol$ing man" MHW
pro#lem1
(et2s tr" to sol$e one more pro#lem -ith method 8
&uestion3 Rama is a#le to do a >o# in +, da"s -orking alone and Anil is a#le to do the same >o# in 8,
da"s= -orking alone
0i1 Ho- long -ill the" take to do the >o# if #oth of them -ork together 7
0ii15f the" -ork alternatel" 0pro$ided Rama starts17
Aol0i1 Rama completes the >o# in +, da"s ;@ Rama does +9+,th of the >o# in one da"
Anil completes the >o# in 8, da"s ;@ Anil does +98,th of the >o# in one da"
Ao total >o# done in one da" 0-hen #oth -ork together1 ; +9+, F +98, ; ?98,
Num#er of da"s taken #" them -ould #e 8,9?
Aol 0ii1 When the" -ork on alternate da"s= starting -ith Rama= it means that on first da"= Rama -orks On
second da"= Anil -orks= on third da"= Rama -orks= and so on
Therefore= in first t-o da"s= the fractional contri#ution to the amount of -ork is ?98,
Ao in 4 t-o da"s the" -ould complete +.98,th of the -ork 0ie +8 -orking da"s1
Ao total >o# left after +8th da" ; + G +.98, ; +9+,
And on +? th da" Rama -ould #e -orking -ho completes +9+,th of the >o# in a da"
Ao the task -ould #e completed on +8 F + ; +? th da"
E%&MP'E
E%ample +3 (et there #e three men for a construction >o# A completes the >o# in ?, da"s= ' in 8, da"s
and C demolishes the construction in 4, da"s= each person -orking alone When -ill the construction #e
complete if
0a1 the" all -ork together
0#1 the" -ork on alternate da" starting -ith A= then ' and then C
Aol0a1 When the" all -ork together= fractional -ork done on each da" ; +9?, F +98, G +94, ; :94, ; +9+6
Therefore= the" -ill take +6 da"s to complete the >o#
0#1When the" -ork on alternate da"s= then -e o#ser$e that in the first ? da"s= the fractional -ork done is
:94, 0from 0a11 The greatest multiple of this fraction such that the fraction is less than + is +: times this
fraction= ie= 6494, Therefore= in +: % ? ; :8 da"s= the fractional -ork done is 6494, and the -ork left is
:9:, or +9+6 On :?rd da"= A -ill do +9?,th of the -ork and -e -ill #e left -ith +9?,th -ork= -hich -ill #e
done #" ' in 8,9?, da"s or 89?rd of the da" Therefore= total num#er of da"s taken -ould #e :? 89? da"s
E%ample 83
A tank is fitted -ith . pipes= some of them that fill the tank and others that are -aste pipe meant to empt"
the tank Each of the pipes that fill the tank can fill it in . hours= -hile each of those that empt" the tank
can empt" it in 4 hours 5f all the pipes are kept open -hen the tank is full= it -ill take e%actl" 4 hours for
the tank to empt" Ho- man" of these are fill pipes7
0+18
081:
0?14
0:16
Aolution3
(et the num#er of fill pipes #e )nH Therefore= there -ill #e .In= -aste pipes
Each of the fill pipes can fill the tank in . hours Therefore= each of the fill pipes -ill fill +9.th of the tank in
an hour Hence= n fill pipes -ill fill n9.th of the tank in an hour
Aimilarl"= each of the -aste pipes -ill drain the full tank in 4 hours That is= each of the -aste pipes -ill
drain +94th of the tank in an hour Therefore= 0.In1 -aste pipes -ill drain 00.In1941th of the tank in an hour
'et-een the fill pipes and the -aste pipes= the" drain the tank in 4 hours That is= -hen all . of them are
opened= +94th of the tank gets drained in an hour
0Amount of -ater filled #" fill pipes in + hour I Amount of -ater drained #" -aste pipes + hour1 ; +94th
capacit" of the tank drained in + hour
E%ample ?3
A takes 8 da"s to finish a task= ' takes t-ice that amount of time= C takes t-ice of '= and < takes t-ice of
C 5f the" do it in pairs= one pair takes t-ice the amount of time as the other== -hich is the pair that takes
longer7
a A= '
# '= C
c '= <
d C= <
ANA3 #
E%ample :3
?, co-s gra/e a piece of grassland in 4, da"s= -hereas :, co-s gra/e in :, da"s 5n ho- man" da"s -ill
8, co-s gra/e the grass 0assuming the grass gro-s e$er" da"17
Aol(et a #e the initial quantit" 0in rele$ant units1 of grass and # #e the amount of grass eaten per da"
Then= 4, % ?, ; +.,, ; a F 4,# and
:, % :, ; +4,, ; a F :,# Aol$ing these equations= -e get a ; +8,, units and # ; +, units
E%ample 63
5f A and ' -ork together= the" -ill complete a >o# in J6 da"s Ho-e$er= if A -orks alone and completes
half the >o# and then ' takes o$er and completes the remaining half alone= the" -ill #e a#le to complete
the >o# in 8, da"s Ho- long -ill ' alone take to do the >o# if A is more efficient than '7
0+18, da"s
081:, da"s
0?1?, da"s
0:18: da"s
Aolution3
(et a #e the num#er of da"s in -hich A can do the >o# alone Therefore= -orking alone= A -ill complete
+9a of the >o# in a da" Aimilarl"= let # the num#er of da"s in -hich ' can do the >o# alone Hence= ' -ill
complete +9# of the >o# in a da" Working together= A and ' -ill complete 0+9a F +9#1 of the >o# in a da"
The pro#lem states that -orking together= A and ' -ill complete the >o# in J6 or +698 da"s ie the" -ill
complete 89+6th of the >o# in a da"
Therefore=
0+9a F +9#1;89+6 IIIII0i1
!rom statement 8 of the question= -e kno- that if A completes half the >o# -orking alone and ' takes
o$er and completes the ne%t half= the" -ill take 8, da"s
As A can complete the >o# -orking alone in )a2 da"s= he -ill complete half the >o#= -orking alone= in a98
da"s Aimilarl"= ' -ill complete the remaining half of the >o# in #98 da"s
Therefore= or a98 F #98 ; 8,
;@ a F # ; :,
;@a ; #I :, IIIIIII 081
!rom 0+1 and 081 -e get=
;@ 4,, ; .,# I 8#8
;@ #
8
I :,# F ?,, ; ,
;@ 0# I ?,10# I +,1 ; ,
;@ # ; ?, or # ; +,
5f # ; ?,= then a ; :, I ?, ; +, or
5f # ; +,= then a ; :, I +, ; ?,
As A is more efficient then '= he -ill take lesser time to do the >o# alone Hence A -ill take onl" +, da"s
and ' -ill take ?, da"s 5f )A2 takes +, da"s to do a >o#= he -ill do +9+,th of the >o# in a da" Aimilarl"= if
896ths of the >o# is done in a da"= the entire >o# -ill #e done in 698 da"s
E%ample 43
Mark can dig a ditch in : hours Kreg can dig the same ditch in ? hours Ho- long -ould it take them to
dig it together7
Aolution3 (et % ; num#er of hours to dig the ditch together 5f Mark takes : hours to dig the ditch= he can
dig +9: of it in + hour Kreg can dig +9? of it in one hour MarkHs rate is +9: and KregHs rate is +9? 5f it takes
them % hours to dig it together= the" can dig +9% part of it in + hour together The total of the fractional part
each can dig or +9? F +9: ; the fractional part the" can dig together in + hour
+9? F +9: ; +9%
Multipl" #e +8% to clear the fractions
:% F ?% ; +8
J% ; +8
% ; +89J or + 69J
S(MM&)*
+ To sol$e -ork pro#lems= "ou need to -ork -ith the same unit of measure -ithin each pro#lem !or
e%ample= "ou cannot mi% hours and minutes in the same equation
8 *ou need to find the fractional part of the >o# that -ould #e done in one unit of time= such as + minute
or + hour 5f a person can do a complete >o# in ? da"s= he can do +9? of it in + da"
? The fractional part of the >o# one person can do in + da" plus the fractional part another person can do
in + da" equals the fractional part of the >o# the t-o can do together in + da" E%ample3 5f 'ill can #uild +9?
of a dog house in + da" and Kar" can #uild +96 of it in + da"= together the" can #uild +9? F +96 of the dog
house in + da"
: Rate of -ork % time ; -ork done
6 M<H9W ; Constant
No- tr" to sol$e the pro#lems in question #ank
T!me + S,ee$ an$ D!stan-e
Mathematics
We define speed as distance di$ided #" time=
S,ee$ = $!stan-e /t!me .D=ST/
#ut once -e ha$e the equation= -e can use an" of its $ariations=
speed ; distance 9 time =
distance ; speed L time and
time ; distance 9 speed to compute an" one of the quantities -hen -e happen to kno- the other t-o !or
e%ample= suppose -e dri$e for 8 hours at ?, miles per hour= for a total of 4, miles 5f -e kno- the time
and the speed= -e can find the distance3 8 hours L ?, miles9hour ; 4, miles 5f -e kno- the time and the
distance= -e can find the speed3 4, miles 9 8 hours ; ?, miles9hour
D!stan-e !s $!re-tl0 ,ro,ort!onal to 1elo-!t0 2#en t!me !s -onstant
+ A car tra$els at ?,km9hr for the first 8 hrs M then :,km9h for the ne%t 8hrs !ind the ratio of distance
tra$eled
A+9A8;N+9N8;?9:
8 T-o cars lea$e simultaneousl" from points A M ' 0+,,km apart1M the" meet at a point :, km from A
What is Na9N#7
T is constant so N+9N8;A+9A8;:,94,;:94
? A train meets -ith an accidient and mo$es at ?9:th its original speed <ue to this = it is 8, mins late
!ind the original time for the >ourne" #e"ond the point of accident7
Method+ 3 Think a#out 8 diff Aituations = +st -ith accident and another -9o accident = then A is constant
Ao N+9N8;T+9T8 ;@N+9O?9:1LN8P;0T+F8,19T+ ;@:9?;0T+F8,19T+ ;@T+;4,
Method 83 Nelocit" decreases #" 86Q so time -ill increase #" ???Q
???Q;8, mins ;@+,,Q;4, mins
CON1E)S3ON: +km9hr;+,,,m9h;+,,,9?4,,m9sec;69+.m9sec
)E'&T31E SPEED
Caes1: T-o #odies are mo$ing in opposite directions at speed N+ M N8 respecti$el" The relati$e speed
is defined as 1r = 11 4 12
Case2: T-o #odies are mo$ing in same directions at speed N+ M N8 respecti$el"The relati$e speed is
defined as 1r = 511 6 125
Tra!n Problems
The #asic equation in train pro#lem is the same A;NT
The follo-ing things need to #e kept in mind -hile sol$ing the train related pro#lems
When the train is crossing a mo$ing o#>ect = the speed has to #e taken as the relati$e speed of the train
-ith respect to the o#>ect
The distance to #e co$ered -hen crossing an o#>ect= -hene$er trains crosses an o#>ect -ill #e equal to3
(ength of the train F (ength of the o#>ect
7oats 8 Streams
(et U; Nelocit" of the #oat in still -ater
N;Nelocit" of the starem
While mo$ing in upstream= distance co$ered A; 0UIN1 T
5ncase of do-n stream= distance co$ered A; 0UFN1 T
C!r-ular Mot!on
The relati$e $elocit" of 8 #odies mo$ing around a circle in the same direction is taken as 0N+ RST N81 and
-hile mo$ing in opposite direction is taken as 0N+FN81
!irst Meeting Three or more #odies start mo$ing simultaneousl" from the same point on the
circumference of the circle The" -ill +st meet again in the (CM of the times that the fastest runner -ill
takes in totall" o$erlapping each of the slo-er runners
!irst meeting time ; Circumference 9 Relati$e $elocit" !irst Meeting at starting point The first meeting at
the starting point -ill occur after a time that is o#tained #" the (CM of the times that each of the #odies
takes the complete one full round
C'OC9
!or clock pro#lems consider the clock as a circular track of 4,kmMin hand mo$es at the speed of
4,km9hr 0think min hand as a point on the track1 and hour hand mo$es at 6km9hr and second hand at the
speed of ?4,, km9hrRelati$e speed #et-een hr hand and mins hand ; 66
:uest!onS
+A train tra$eling at J8 kmph crosses a platform in ?, seconds and a man standing on the platform in +.
seconds What is the length of the platform in meters7
The correct ans-er is 8:, meters
8 A train tra$eling at +,, kmph o$ertakes a motor#ike tra$eling at 4: kmph in :, seconds What is the
length of the train in meters7 Correct ans-er is :,, meters
? Uim tra$els the first ? hours of his >ourne" at 4, mph speed and the remaining 6 hours at 8: mph
speed -hat is the a$erage speed of UimRSVs tra$el in mph7 Correct ans-er is ?J6 mph
: A runs 86Q faster than ' and is a#le to gi$e him a start of J meters to end a race in dead heat What is
the length of the race7 The correct ans-er is ?6 meters
6 Uane co$ered a distance of ?:, miles #et-een cit" A and cit" taking a total of 6 hours 5f part of the
distance -as co$ered at 4, miles per hour speed and the #alance at ., miles per hour speed= ho- man"
hours did she tra$el at 4, miles per hour7 The correct ans-er is ? hours
4 Ate$e tra$eled the first 8 hours of his >ourne" at :, mph and the last ? hours of his >ourne" at ., mph
What is his a$erage speed of tra$el for the entire >ourne"7 The correct ans-er is 4: mph
1.
A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work on it together for 4 days,
then the fraction of the work that is left is :
A+
1
4
4+
1
10
/+
7
15
+
8
15
2.
A can lay railway track between two given stations in 16 days and B can do the same
job in 12 days. With help of C, they did the job in 4 days only. Then, C alone can do the
job in:
A+
9
1
days
5
4+
9
2
days
5
/+
9
3
days
5
+ 10
Nie- Ans-er Workspace Report <iscuss in !orum
3.
A, B and C can do a piece of work in 20, 30 and 60 days respectively. In how many
days can A do the work if he is assisted by B and C on every third day?
A+ 12 days 4+ 15 days
/+ 16 days + 18 days
4.
A is thrice as good as workman as B and therefore is able to finish a job in 60 days less
than B. Working together, they can do it in:
A+ 20 days 4+
22
1
days
2
5.
A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone in 8 days. A and B undertook to do
it for Rs. 3200. With the help of C, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is to
be paid to C?
A+ Rs. 375 4+ Rs. 400
/+ Rs. 600 + Rs. 800
6.
If 6 men and 8 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 26 men and 48 boys can
do the same in 2 days, the time taken by 15 men and 20 boys in doing the same type
of work will be:
A+ 4 days 4+ 5 days
/+ 6 days + 7 days
7.
A can do a piece of work in 4 hours; B and C together can do it in 3 hours, while A and
C together can do it in 2 hours. How long will B alone take to do it?
A+ 8 hours 4+ 10 hours
/+ 12 hours + 24 hours
8.
A can do a certain work in the same time in which B and C together can do it. If A and B
together could do it in 10 days and C alone in 50 days, then B alone could do it in:
9.
A does 80% of a work in 20 days. He then calls in B and they together finish the
remaining work in 3 days. How long B alone would take to do the whole work?
/+
37
+ 40 days
10.
A machine P can print one lakh books in 8 hours, machine Q can print the same number
of books in 10 hours while machine R can print them in 12 hours. All the machines are
started at 9 A.M. while machine P is closed at 11 A.M. and the remaining two machines
complete work. Approximately at what time will the work (to print one lakh books) be
finished ?
A+ 11:30 A.M. 4+ 12 noon
/+ 12:30 P.M. + 1:00 P.M.
11.
A can finish a work in 18 days and B can do the same work in 15 days. B worked for 10
days and left the job. In how many days, A alone can finish the remaining work?
A+ 5 4+
5
1
2
/+ 6 + 8
12.
4 men and 6 women can complete a work in 8 days, while 3 men and 7 women can
complete it in 10 days. In how many days will 10 women complete it?
A+ 35 4+ 40
/+ 45 + 50
13.
A and B can together finish a work 30 days. They worked together for 20 days and then
B left. After another 20 days, A finished the remaining work. In how many days A alone
can finish the work?
A+ 40 4+ 50
/+ 54 + 60
14.
P can complete a work in 12 days working 8 hours a day. Q can complete the same
work in 8 days working 10 hours a day. If both P and Q work together, working 8 hours
a day, in how many days can they complete the work?
A+
5
5
11 4+
5
6
11
/+
6
5
11 +
6
6
11
15.
10 women can complete a work in 7 days and 10 children take 14 days to complete the
work. How many days will 5 women and 10 children take to complete the work?
A+ 3 4+ 5
/+ 7 + Cannot be determined
5+ None of these
16.
X and Y can do a piece of work in 20 days and 12 days respectively. X started the work
alone and then after 4 days Y joined him till the completion of the work. How long did
the work last?
17.
A is 30% more efficient than B. How much time will they, working together, take to
complete a job which A alone could have done in 23 days?
/+
20
3
days
17
+ None of these
18.
Ravi and Kumar are working on an assignment. Ravi takes 6 hours to type 32 pages on
a computer, while Kumar takes 5 hours to type 40 pages. How much time will they
take, working together on two different computers to type an assignment of 110 pages?
A+ 7 hours 30 minutes 4+ 8 hours
/+ 8 hours 15 minutes + 8 hours 25 minutes
19.
A, B and C can complete a piece of work in 24, 6 and 12 days respectively. Working
together, they will complete the same work in:
A+
1
day
24 4+
7
day
24
/+
3
3
days
7 + 4 days
20.
Sakshi can do a piece of work in 20 days. Tanya is 25% more efficient than Sakshi. The
number of days taken by Tanya to do the same piece of work is:
A+ 15 4+ 16
/+ 18 + 25
21.
A takes twice as much time as B or thrice as much time as C to finish a piece of work.
Working together, they can finish the work in 2 days. B can do the work alone in:
A+ 4 days 4+ 6 days
/+ 8 days + 12 days
22.
A and B can complete a work in 15 days and 10 days respectively. They started doing
the work together but after 2 days B had to leave and A alone completed the remaining
work. The whole work was completed in :
23.
A and B can do a piece of work in 30 days, while B and C can do the same work in 24
days and C and A in 20 days. They all work together for 10 days when B and C leave.
How many days more will A take to finish the work?
24.
A works twice as fast as B. If B can complete a work in 12 days independently, the
number of days in which A and B can together finish the work in :
A+ 4 days 4+ 6 days
/+ 8 days + 18 days
25.
Twenty women can do a work in sixteen days. Sixteen men can complete the same
work in fifteen days. What is the ratio between the capacity of a man and a woman?
A+ 3 : 4 4+ 4 : 3
/+ 5 : 3 + Data inadequate
26.
A and B can do a work in 8 days, B and C can do the same work in 12 days. A, B and C
together can finish it in 6 days. A and C together will do it in :
A+ 4 days 4+ 6 days
/+ 8 days + 12 days
27.
A can finish a work in 24 days, B in 9 days and C in 12 days. B and C start the work but
are forced to leave after 3 days. The remaining work was done by A in:
A+ 5 days 4+ 6 days
/+ 10 days +
10
1
days
2
28.
X can do a piece of work in 40 days. He works at it for 8 days and then Y finished it in
16 days. How long will they together take to complete the work?
A+
13
1
days
3
4+ 15 days
29.
A and B can do a job together in 7 days. A is 1 times as efficient as B. The same job
can be done by A alone in :
A+
9
1
days
3
4+ 11 days
/+
12
1
days
4
+
16
1
days
3
30.
A and B together can do a piece of work in 30 days. A having worked for 16 days, B
finishes the remaining work alone in 44 days. In how many days shall B finish the whole
work alone?
1+ Work *rom a's:
If A can do a piece of work in n days, then A's 1 day's work =
1
.
n
2+ a's *rom Work:
If A's 1 day's work =
1
, then A can finish the work in n days.
n
3+ %atio:
If A is thrice as good a workman as B, then:
Ratio of work done by A and B = 3 : 1.
Ratio of times taken by A and B to finish a work = 1 : 3.
Each of the questions gi$en #elo- consists of a statement and 9 or a question and t-o statements
num#ered 5 and 55 gi$en #elo- it *ou ha$e to decide -hether the data pro$ided in the
statement0s1 is 9 are sufficient to ans-er the gi$en question Read the #oth statements and
Ki$e ans-er 0A1 if the data in Atatement 5 alone are sufficient to ans-er the question=
-hile the data in Atatement 55 alone are not sufficient to ans-er the question
Ki$e ans-er 0'1 if the data in Atatement 55 alone are sufficient to ans-er the question=
-hile the data in Atatement 5 alone are not sufficient to ans-er the question
Ki$e ans-er 0C1 if the data either in Atatement 5 or in Atatement 55 alone are sufficient to
ans-er the question
Ki$e ans-er 0<1 if the data e$en in #oth Atatements 5 and 55 together are not sufficient to
ans-er the question
Ki$e ans-er0E1 if the data in #oth Atatements 5 and 55 together are necessar" to ans-er
the question
1.
A and B together can complete a task in 7 days. B alone can do it in 20 days. What part
of the work was carried out by A?
I. A completed the job alone after A and B worked together for 5 days.
II. Part of the work done by A could have been done by B and C together in 6 days.
A+ I alone sufficient while II alone not sufficient to answer
4+ II alone sufficient while I alone not sufficient to answer
/+ Either I or II alone sufficient to answer
+ Both I and II are not sufficient to answer
5+ Both I and II are necessary to answer
2.
How long will Machine Y, working alone, take to produce x candles?
I. Machine X produces x candles in 5 minutes.
II. Machine X and Machine Y working at the same time produce x candles in 2 minutes.
A+ I alone sufficient while II alone not sufficient to answer
4+ II alone sufficient while I alone not sufficient to answer
/+ Either I or II alone sufficient to answer
+ Both I and II are not sufficient to answer
5+ Both I and II are necessary to answer
Each of the questions gi$en #elo- consists of a question follo-ed #" three statements *ou ha$e
to stud" the question and the statements and decide -hich of the statement0s1 is9are necessar" to
ans-er the question
1.
In how many days can 10 women finish a work?
I. 10 men can complete the work in 6 days.
II.
10 men and 10 women together can complete the work in 3
3
days
7
III. If 10 men work for 3 days and thereafter 10 women replace them, the remaining
work in completed in 4 days.
A+ Any two of the three
4+ I and II only
/+ II and III only
+ I and III only
5+ None of these
2.
How many workers are required for completing the construction work in 10 days?
I. 20% of the work can be completed by 8 workers in 8 days.
II. 20 workers can complete the work in 16 days.
III. One-eighth of the work can be completed by 8 workers in 5 days.
A+ I only
4+ II and III only
/+ III only
+ I and III only
5+ Any one of the three
D!re-t!ons to Sole
Each of these questions is follo-ed #" three statements *ou ha$e to stud" the question and all
the three statements gi$en to decide -hether an" information pro$ided in the statement0s1 is
redundant and can #e dispensed -ith -hile ans-ering the gi$en question
1.
8 men and 14 women are working together in a field. After working for 3 days, 5 men
and 8 women leave the work. How many more days will be required to complete the
work?
I. 19 men and 12 women together can complete the work in 18 days.
II. 16 men can complete two-third of the work in 16 days.
III. In 1 day, the work done by three men in equal to the work done by four women.
A+ I only
4+ II only
/+ III only
+ I or II or III
5+ II or III only
Pipes cisterns, Work time Sample Question
The given question is a work time question and tests your ability to relate to the relation between
the number of days it takes two people to do a task to their efficiency of completing the task.
Question 1
Ram completes 4,Q of a task in +6 da"s and then takes the help of Rahim and Rachel
Rahim is 6,Q as efficient as Ram is and Rachel is 6,Q as efficient as Rahim is 5n ho-
man" more da"s -ill the" complete the -ork7
+
8
?
:
6 None of these
Correct choice is .3/ Correct Ans-er is
Explanatory Answer
Ram completes 4,Q of the task in +6 da"s
ie= he completes :Q of the task in a da"
Rahim is 6,Q as efficient as Ram is
Therefore= Rahim -ill complete 8Q of the task in a da"
Rachel is 6,Q as efficient as Rahim is
Therefore= Rachel -ill complete +Q of the task in a da"
Together= Ram= Rahim and Rachel -ill complete : F 8 F + ; JQ of the -ork in a da"
The" ha$e another :,Q of the task to #e completed
Therefore= the" -ill take more da"s to complete the task
Question 4 the day: April 8, 2002
A tank is fitted with 8 pipes, some of them that fill the tank and others that are waste
pipe meant to empty the tank. Each of the pipes that fill the tank can fill it in 8 hours,
while each of those that empty the tank can empty it in 6 hours. f all the pipes are kept
open when the tank is full, it will take e!actly 6 hours for the tank to empty. "ow many
of these are fill pipes#
$%
&
'
$'
&
(
$)
&
6
$(
&
*
+orrect Answer , (2)
Solution:-et the number of fill pipes be .n/. Therefore, there will be 8,n, waste pipes.
Each of the fill pipes can fill the tank in 8 hours. Therefore, each of the fill pipes will fill
%08
th
of the tank in an hour.
"ence, n fill pipes will fill n08
th
1imilarly, each of the waste pipes will drain the full tank in 6 hours. That is, each of the waste
pipes will drain %06
th
Therefore, $8,n& waste pipes will drain $$8,n&06&
th
2etween the fill pipes and the waste pipes, they drain the tank in 6 hours. That is, when all 8 of
them are opened, %06
th
of the tank gets drained in an hour.
$Amount of water filled by fill pipes in % hour , Amount of water drained by waste pipes %
hour& 3 %06
th
capacity of the tank drained in % hour.
4ote5 n problems pertaining to 6ipes and +isterns, as a general rule find out the amount of the
tank that gets filled or drained by each of the pipes in unit time $say in % minute or % hour&.
%. 7orking together, A and 2 can do a 8ob in 6 days. 2 and + can do the same 8ob in %9
days, while + and A can do it in :.* days. "ow long will it take if all A, 2 and + work
together to complete the 8ob#
$%
&
8 days
$'
&
* days
$)
&
) days
$(
&
: days
'.
). "ow long will it take for A alone to complete the 8ob#
$%
&
8 days
$'
&
6 days
$)
&
%9 days
$(
&
'9 days
+orrect Answers
%
.
$'&
'
.
$)&
Solution:
Even before you start working on the problem, check out if you can eliminate some answer
choices as impossible.
n question $%&, we know that if A and 2 alone work, they can complete the 8ob in 6 days.
Therefore, if all three of them A, 2 and + work together the number of days it will take to
complete the 8ob will surely be less than 6 days. "ence, we can eliminate answer choices $%&
and $(& right away.
1imilarly in question $'&, we know that A and 2 together take 6 days to complete the 8ob.
Therefore, A alone will take more than 6 days to complete the 8ob. Therefore, we can eliminate
answer choice $'&.
n any question, as a rule spend about * seconds to see if the answer choices provide any clue
to solve the question or help in eliminating one or more obviously absurd choices. This will
help you $%& in reducing the time it will take to do the problem and $'& in increasing your
probability of success should you choose to take a guess without actually solving the problem.
:uest!on 1
-et A be the number of days that A will take to complete the 8ob alone, 2 days for 2 to
complete the 8ob alone and + days for + to complete the 8ob alone.
A and 2 can do a 8ob in 6 days. They complete %06 th of the 8ob in a day. i.e. ,, $%&
1imilarly, 2 and + will complete %0%9th of the 8ob in a day. i.e ,, $'&
And + and A will complete %0:.* or '0%*th of the 8ob in a day i.e ,, $)&.
Adding $%&, $'& and $)& we get
33; or . i.e working together, A, 2 and + complete %0*th of the
8ob in a day. Therefore, they will complete the 8ob in * days.
:uest!on 2
1ubtracting eqn $'& from eqn $%& we get ,,, $(&
Adding eqn $(& and eqn $)& we get, or . i.e. A does %0%9 of the 8ob
in a day and therefore, will take %9 days to complete the 8ob working alone.
6uestion 4 the da': 7une #) 2112
The question for the day is from the topic work and time.
Four men and three women can do a job in 6 days. When five men and
six women work on the same job, the work gets completed in 4 days.
How long will a woman take to do the job, if she works alone on it?
$%
&
%8 days
$'
&
)6 days
$)
&
*( days
$(
&
4one of these
Correct Answer - 832
Solution:
Let the amount of work done by a man in a day be `m and the amount of
work done by a woman in a day be `w.
Therefore, 4 men and 3 women will do 4m + 3w amount of work in a day. If
4 men and 3 women complete the entire work in 6 days, they will complete
1/6th of the work in a day.
Hence eqn (1) will be 4m + 3w =
and from statement (2), eqn (2) will be 5m + 6w =
Solving eqn (1) and eqn (2), we get 3m = or m = 1/36. i.e. a man does
1/36th of the work in a day. Hence he will take 36 days to do the work.
Substituting the value of m in eqn (1), we get
=> 3w = or w = 1/54. i.e. a woman does 1/54th of the work in
a day. Hence she will take 54 days to do the entire work
6uestion 4 the da': 7une 10) 2112
The question for the day is from the topic - Work and Time.
Shyam can do a job in 20 days, Ram in 30 days and Singhal in 60
days. If Shyam is helped by Ram and Singhal every 3
rd
day, how long
will it take for them to complete the job?
$%
&
%' days
$'
&
%6 days
$)
&
%* days
$(
&
%9 days
Correct Answer - 832
Solution:
As Shyam is helped by Ram and Singhal every third day, Shyam works for 3
days while Ram and Singhal work for 1 day in every 3 days.
Therefore, the amount of work done in 3 days by Shyam, Ram and Singhal
= th of the job. Hence, it will take them 5 times the
amount of time = 3*5 = 15 days.
The question for the day is a pipes and cisterns problem.
6ipe A usually fills a tank in ' hours. <n account of a leak at the bottom of the tank, it
takes pipe A )9 more minutes to fill the tank. "ow long will the leak take to empty a
full tank if pipe A is shut#
$%
&
' hours )9 minutes
$'
&
* hours
$)
&
( hours
$(
&
%9 hours
Solution:
6ipe A fills the tank normally in ' hours. Therefore, it will fill = of the tank in an hour.
-et the leak take ! hours to empty a full tank when pipe A is shut. Therefore, the leak will
empty of the tank in an hour.
The net amount of water that gets filled in the tank in an hour when pipe A is open and when
there is a leak 3 of the tank. > $%&
7hen there is a leak, the problem states that 6ipe A takes two and a half hours to fill the tank.
i.e. hours. Therefore, in an hour, of the tank gets filled. ? $'&
Equating $%& and $'&, we get 3; 3; ! 3 %9 hours.
The problem can also be mentally done as follows.
6ipe A takes ' hours to fill the tank. Therefore, it fills half the tank in an hour or *9@ of the
tank in an hour.
7hen there is a leak it takes ' hours )9 minutes for the tank to fill. i.e hours to fill the tank
or or (9@ of the tank gets filled.
<n account of the leak, $*9 , (9&@ 3 %9@ of the water gets wasted every hour. Therefore, the
leak will take %9 hours to drain a full tank.
The question for the day is from the topic of 7ork and Time.
A, 2 and + can do a work in * days, %9 days and %* days respectively. They started
together to do the work but after ' days A and 2 left. + did the remaining work $in
days&
$%
&
%
$'
&
)
$)
&
*
$(
&
(
Solution:
f A, 2 and + work together for a day then they will finish $%0* A %0%9 A %0%*&
th
work 3
%%0)9
th
work.
Therefore working together for two days they will finish ' B %%0)9 3 %%0%*
th
work.
+ alone does remain $%%0%* ? %& (0%*
th
work.
2ut + finishes %0%*
th
work in one day. Therefore + will finish (0%*
th
work in ( days.
Question 4 the day: June 13, 2003
The question for the day is from the topic of Time and 7ork.
C alone can do a piece of work in %* days and D alone can do it in %9 days. C and D
undertook to do it for Es. :'9. 7ith the help of F they finished it in * days. "ow much
is paid to F#
$%
&
Es. )69
$'
&
Es. %'9
$)
&
Es. '(9
$(
&
Es. )99
Solution:
n one day C can finish %0%*
th
of the work.
n one day D can finish %0%9
th
of the work.
-et us say that in one day F can finish %0F
th
of the work.
7hen all the three work together in one day they can finish %0%* A %0%9 A %0F 3 %0*
th
of the
work.
Therefore, %0F 3 %0)9.
Eatio of their efficiencies 3 %0%*5 %0%95 %0)9 3 '5 )5 %.Therefore F receives %06
th
of the total
money.
According to their efficiencies money is divided as '(95 )695 %'9.
"ence, the share of F 3 Es. %'9.
Question 4 the day: Oto!er 23, 2003
The question for the day is from the topic of Time and 7ork.
A and 2 can do a piece of work in '% and '( days respectively. They started the work
together and after some days A leaves the work and 2 completes the remaining work in
G days. After how many days did A leave#
$%
&
*
$'
&
:
$)
&
8
$(
&
6
Solution:
n G days 2 completes G0'( i.e., )08
th
of the work.
"ence % , )08 3 *08
th
of the work is completed by A and 2 together.
i.e., ! $%0'% A %0'(& 3 *08 3; ! 3 : days.
CAT Sample Questions - Question 4 the day : July 07, 2004
The question for the day is from the topic Work and Time..
A can complete a project in 20 days and B can complete the same project in 30
days. If A and B start working on the project together and A quits 10 days before
the project is completed, in how many days will the project be completed?
$%& %8 days $'& ': days
$)& '6.6: days $(& %6 days
/orrect choice 9 812 /orrect Answer 981. da's2
Explanatory Anser
If A can do complete a project in 20 days, then A will complete th of the project
in a day.
Similarly, B will complete th of the project in a day.
Let the total number of days taken to complete the project be x days.
Then, B would have worked for all x days, while A would have worked for (x - 10)
days.
Therefore, A would have completed th of the project and B would have
complete th of the project.
i.e.,
Solving for x, we get x = 18.
TANCET 2008 Quant Question 4 : Work Time
Question :A father can do a certain job in x hours. His son takes twice as long to do the job.
Working together, they can do the job in 6 hours. How many hours does the father take to
do the_job?
+ W
8 +.
? +8
: 8,
6 +4
Corre-t &ns2er : W hours Choice 0+1
Explanator Ans!ers
The father completes the >o# in % hours
Ao= the son -ill take 8% hours to complete the same >o#
5n an hour= the father -ill complete of the total >o#
5n an hour= the son -ill complete of the total >o#
Ao= if the father and son -ork together= in an hour the" -ill complete F of the >o#
ie= in an hour the" -ill complete of the >o#
The question states that the" complete the entire task in 4 hours if the" -ork together
ie= the" complete of the task in an hour
Equating the t-o information= -e get ;
Cross multipl"ing and sol$ing for % -e get 8% ; +. or % ; W
The father takes W hours to complete the >o#
Correct Ans-er 0+1
Spee", Time, #istance : CAT 20$2 %nline Preparation
:uest!on 4 t#e $a0 : Ma0 4+ 2;;4
The question for the da" is from the topic speed= time and distance and is a#out finding the
distance co$ered #" a train -hile crossing a stationar" o#>ect -hose length is compara#le to the
length of the train
:uest!on: A train tra$eling at J8 kmph crosses a platform in ?, seconds and a man standing on
the platform in +. seconds What is the length of the platform in meters7
+ 8:, meters
8 ?4, meters
? :8, meters
: 4,, meters
Correct Ans-er is 24; metres Choice .1/ is right
E<,lanator0 &ns2er
When the train crosses a man standing on a platform= the distance co$ered #" the train is equal
to the length of the train
Ho-e$er= -hen the same train crosses a platform= the distance co$ered #" the train is equal to
the length of the train plus the length of the platform
The e%tra time that the train takes -hen crossing the platform is on account of the e%tra
distance that it has to co$er ; length of the platform
Therefore= length of the platform ; speed of train L e%tra time taken to cross the platform
(ength of platform ; J8 kmph L +8 seconds
Con$erting J8 kmph into m9sec= -e get J8 kmph ; ; 8, m9sec
Therefore= length of the platform ; 8, L +8 ; 8:, meters
Pa"al"u0=-om
"i#e, speed, distane $ #otion o% t&o !odies in a strai'ht line
by Eavi "anda in ()A *ntrane +a,s H '8 Ianuary /%)
Photo Credit: Urban Hafner
There are some topics in Juantitative Aptitude, like permutation K combination, where you can
easily find out the answer, $it is in the options& but it turns out to be wrong. And then there are
some topics in which you read the question, understand it but cannot even begin solving it. Dou
get stuck at the first step and you have no idea about how to even approach the question.
The irritating fact is that you understood the question properly. t happens very frequently with
questions on Time 1peed K Listance $T1L&. have always been a big advocate of skipping
questions which you cannot solve. More often than not, T1L questions should be skipped if you
cannot figure out how to start within the first minute. Typically the questions on T1L are based
upon certain ideas, which if you are not aware of can make solving the question e!tremely
difficult and time consuming. do not think that am even aware of all ideas 0 types of questions
in T1L but there are a few popular ones which have been doing the rounds in the past few years.
am going to cover some of them in this post and probably revisit some more in the months to
come. am also going to discuss the reasoning behind those ideas. t is very important that you
understand the logic behind the formulae before you actually start using them. f you donNt, there
is a very high probability that you will make a mistake.
To begin with, some of the very basic ideas that you should be aware of are5
1peed 3 Listance 0 Time
f Listance is constant, then 1peed and Time are inversely proportional to each other
Two bodies moving in the same direction would have the relative speed of 1$%& ? 1$'&
and two bodies moving in the opposite direction would have the relative speed of 1$%& A 1$'&
n this particular post, am going to talk about the motion of two bodies in a straight line starting
from opposite ends.
-ase 15
Two bodies start from opposite ends P & Q at the same time and move towards each other with
speeds S(1) & S(2) The! ta"e times of T(1) & T(2) to reach their destinations
n such a case, the relationship between the times taken and the speeds will be
S(1) . S(2) / "(2) . "(1)
The distances that both bodies have travelled are 6J and J6 respectively.
6J 3 1$%& T$%&
J6 3 1$'& T$'&
Also, 6J 3 J6 so the above equations can be equated to get the desired result.
-et us say that they meet at a point E in between, then
0 &ould di1ide the distane 2Q in the ratio o% S(1):S(2)
They started at the same time and they are meeting at point E, so the time taken by both the
bodies will be the same. f we assume that time as T
6E 3 1$%& T
JE 3 1$'& T
Lividing the above two equations would give us the desired result.
-ase 25
speeds S(1) & S(2) After meeting each other# the! ta"e times of T(1) & T(2) to reach their
destinations
Also, the time taken for the two bodies to to meet will be
-et us assume that the two bodies meet at a point E, after time T.
Oor the first body, 6E 3 1$%&T and EJ 3 1$%&T$%&
Oor the second body, JE 3 1$'&T and E6 3 1$'&T$'&
7e know that 6E 3 E6
3; 1$%&T 3 1$'&T$'&
7e know the JE 3 EJ
3; 1$'&T 3 1$%&T$%&
Lividing the above two equations, we will get
Psing the above result, we can obtain the value of T
-ase 35
Two bodies start from opposite ends P & Q to reach their destinations at the same time and
move towards each other with speeds S(1) & S(2) $efore meetin%# the! ta"e times of T(1) & T(2)
to reach the meetin% point
Also, the time taken for the two bodies to reach their destinations after meeting will
be
The logic for this would be e!actly the same as +ase '. Try working this out on your own.
-ase 4:
speeds S(1) & S(2) The! reach the opposite ends and reverse directions The! contin&e this to
and fro motion
f the distance between the two bodies in the beginning is L, then
Time taken by them to meet for the first time, T 3 L 0 1$%& A 1$'&
f E is the first meeting point, 6E 0 JE 3 1$%& 0 1$'&
The idea that am going to discuss now is only valid in the case when the 'reater speed is less
than t&ie o% the lesser speed. '(f S(1) ) S(2)# then S(1) * 2S(2)+
After the first meeting, if the bodies continue to move they will reach their respective ends and
start the return 8ourney. They will meet again on the return 8ourney and then proceed further.
After the first meeting, they would have covered 23 distane. 1ince the distance has doubled,
time taken will also double.
1o, the total distance covered by the bodies for their first, second, third Q nth meetings will be5
L, )L, *L Q and $'n,%&L
1o, the total times taken by the bodies for their first, second, third Q nth meetings will be5
L 0 1$%& A 1$'&, ) L 0 1$%& A 1$'&, * L 0 1$%& A 1$'& Q and $'n,%& L 0 1$%& A 1$'&
n case you need to figure out the point at which the bodies meet for the nth time, consider only
one of the bodies, say %.
Listance covered by % till the nth meeting 3 R1$%&0$1$%&A1$'&&SB$'n,%&L
The remainder of the above when divided by 'L will give you the e!act location of the nth
meeting point.
Oor e!ample, if the distance covered by % till the nth meeting comes out as :99 meters and L 3
%*9 meters, the nth meeting point can be obtained by the remainder of :990)99 which is %99. 1o,
the nth meeting point will be %99 m from 6.
know you would hate me for saying this, but this is not the end of T1L. This is not even the end
of motion of two bodies in a straight line. The destination is still far away and hopefully we will
reach there in time.
C&T :uant: Problems on Es-alators >rom T!me+ S,ee$ an$ D!stan-e
Quant problems on Time, Speed and Distance make frequent appearances in
management entrance exams. To my collection of posts on PaGaLGu !detailed list", #
$ould like to add a fe$ t%oug%ts about sol&ing escalator'related problems.
(t t%e basic le&el, escalator related problems aren)t too different from boats and streams
problem. T%ink of t%e escalator as *ust a replacement for a ri&er, t%e only difference
being t%at escalators mo&e in bot% directions $%ereas ri&ers only flo$ do$nstream.
# categorise escalator problem into t$o categories,
+. ,%en one person is mo&ing
-. ,%en t$o people are mo&ing
T%e problems are related to eac% ot%er and some of t%em use data from t%e pre&ious
question.
Type 1: When one person is moving
1. Ravi takes 40 seconds to walk up on an escalator which is moving
upwards but he takes 60 seconds to walk up on an escalator which is
moving downwards. ow much time will he take to walk up i! the escalator
is not moving"
This is e,act-! -i"e a boats and streams prob-em# and we are %iven the times ta"en b! a person
rowin% downstream and &pstream
-et us assume that the speed of Eavi is .rN and the speed of the escalator is .!N.
#n t%e first case, $%en t%e escalator is mo&ing up, .a&i/s effecti&e speed is r 0 x as t%e
motion of t%e escalator is assisting %is mo&ement.
#n t%e second case, $%en t%e escalator is mo&ing do$n, .a&i/s effecti&e speed is 1r 2 x/ as
t%e motion of t%e escalator is a %indrance to %is mo&ement.
,%en t%e escalator is not mo&ing, %is speed $ould be 1r/.
T%e distance co&ered in eac% case is constant.
T%e t%ree speeds 1r 0 x/, 1r/ and 1r 2 x/ are in an (rit%metic Progression.
34 T%e times taken $ill be in a 5armonic Progression.
34 Time taken $%en t%e escalator is not mo&ing $ill be t%e 5armonic mean of t%e ot%er
t$o times gi&en.
34 Time taken $%en escalator is not mo&ing 3 -678698:!78098" 3 4# seconds.
$. Ravi takes 60 seconds on an escalator which is moving down when he
walks down but takes 40 seconds when he runs down. e takes $0 steps
when he walking whereas he takes %0 steps when he is running. What is the
total number o! steps in the escalator"
Let us say t%at t%e speed of t%e escalator is 1x/ steps per second.
Distance co&ered by .a&i is t%e same $%et%er %e is $alking or running.
Distance $%en %e is $alking 3 -8 0 98x !98x is co&ered by escalator"
Distance $%en %e is running 3 ;8 0 78x !78x is co&ered by escalator"
34 -8 0 98x 3 ;8 0 78x
34 x 3 8.<
Total number of steps 3 -8 0 98!8.<" 3 &0 steps
Type $: When two people are moving
1. Ravi and Rakesh are climbing on a moving escalator that is going up. Ravi
takes 10 seconds to reach the top but Rakesh takes # seconds to reach the
top. This happens because Rakesh is !aster than Ravi. Rakesh takes 4 steps
whereas Ravi can take only % steps in one second. What is the total number
o! steps in the escalator"
This .&estion can be interpreted as two peop-e rowin% a boat downstream
-et us assume that the escalator moves at the rate of ! steps per second.
Distance co&ered by bot% of t%em is same
34 +8!; 0 x" 3 =!7 0 x"
34 +8x 2 =x 3 ;- 2 ;8
34 x 3 + step per second
>umber of steps in t%e escalator 3 +8!; 0 +" 3 = !7 0 +" 3 40 steps
Another variation of this problem could be if we were not given the times taken by
Rakesh and Ravi but the number of steps that they took to reach the top. Let us look at
that problem.
$. Ravi and Rakesh are climbing on a moving escalator that is going up. Ravi
takes %0 steps to reach the top whereas Rakesh takes %$ steps !or the same.
This happens because Rakesh is !aster than Ravi. Rakesh takes 4 steps
whereas Ravi can take only % steps in one second. What is the total number
o! steps in the escalator"
Before moving ahead, please notice the difference between previous question and this
one.
T%e first t%ing t%at $e $ill do is to figure out t%e time taken by .akes% and .a&i to reac%
t%e top.
.akes% takes ;-:7 3 = seconds $%ereas .a&i takes ;8:; 3 +8 seconds.
?rom no$ on, e&eryt%ing is same as t%e pre&ious problem.
Let us assume t%at t%e escalator is mo&ing $it% a speed of x steps per second.
Distance co&ered by bot% of t%em is same
34 +8!; 0 x" 3 =!7 0 x"
34 +8x 2 =x 3 ;- 2 ;8
34 x 3 + step per second
>umber of steps in t%e escalator 3 +8!; 0 +" 3 = !7 0 +" 3 40 steps
A slightly more difficult version would be when we do not know the speeds of Rakesh
and Ravi but only the ratio. Let us look at that in the next problem.
%. Ravi and Rakesh are climbing on a moving escalator that is going up. Ravi
takes %0 steps to reach the top whereas Rakesh takes %$ steps !or the same.
This happens because Rakesh is !aster than Ravi. 'or every 4 steps that
Rakesh takes( Ravi takes only % steps. What is the total number o! steps in
the escalator"
f you notice the difference between the previous question and this one, the problem is
that now we don!t have a definite amount of time taken so we have to solve this by
ratios.
?rom t%e gi&en data, $e kno$ t%at t%e ratio of speeds of .akes% and .a&i is 7 @ ;
To co&er distance $%ic% is in t%e ratio ;- @ ;8 or +9@+<, t%en $ill take times in t%e ratio 3
+9:7 @ +<:; 3 7 @ <
#f t%e total number of steps is n, in case of .akes% t%e escalator co&ers 1n 2 ;-/ and in
case of .a&i t%e escalator co&ers 1n 2 ;8/
T%ese $ill be in t%e same ratio as t%e times taken by .akes% and .a&i
34 !n 2 ;-":!n 2 ;8" 3 7:<
34 <n 2 +98 3 7n 2 +-8
34 n ) 40 steps
Another variation of this type of problem could be when we are given the steps by only
one person and they are moving in opposite directions. Let us look at that.
4. Ravi is climbing on a moving escalator that is going up and takes %0 steps
to reach the top. Rakesh on the other hand is coming down on the same
escalator. 'or every & steps that Rakesh takes( Ravi takes only % steps. *oth
o! them take the same amount o! time to reach the other end.
a+ What is the total number o! steps in the escalator"
b+ What is the di!!erence in the number o! steps that both o! them had taken
when they crossed each other"
T%e extra information in t%is question is "Both of them take the same amount of time to
reach the other end# and t%at is really t%e key to sol&ing t%is question.
Let us assume t%eir speeds are <s and ;s, and t%e speed of t%e escalator is 1x/
Since bot% of t%em take t%e same time for t%e same distance, t%eir effecti&e speed is t%e
same.
34 <s 2 x 3 ;s 0 x
34 x 3 s
1peed of Eavi 5 1peed of escalator 3 )s 5 s 3 ) 5 %
34 ,%en .a&i takes ;8 steps, t%e escalator takes +8 steps.
34 Total number of steps 3 ;8 0 +8 3 40 steps.
2oth of them would have covered '9 steps when they crossed each other.
.a&i going up $ould %a&e taken +< steps, $%ereas t%e escalator $ould %a&e taken < steps
for %im.
.akes% coming do$n $ould %a&e taken -< steps, out of $%ic% t%e escalator $ould %a&e
nullified t%e mo&ement of < steps for %im.
Difference in t%e number of steps 3 -< 2 +< 3 10 steps.
/nother wa! of so-vin% this .&estion is#
.a&i %as taken ;8 steps in t%e full *ourney, $%ereas .akes% %as taken ;86!<:;" 3 <8
steps.
T%e difference in t%e number of steps in full *ourney 3 <8 2 ;8 3 -8 steps.
T%e difference in t%e number of steps $%en t%ey cross eac% ot%er, $%ic% is exactly %alf
of t%e *ourney 3 -8 : - 3 10 steps.
# %ope in t%is post # %a&e co&ered most of t%e type of escalator problems $%ic% %a&e
been asked and using t%e abo&e ideas and concepts you $ill be able to sol&e suc%
problems easily in future.
Sol!n" T!me6S,ee$6D!stan-e ,roblems 2!t#out us!n" e?uat!ons
(Photo credit: 0ichae- 1a--acher)
guess my first fascination with problems of Time, 1peed and Listance began when first watch
a film called "enna. An important portion of the plot, if you can call it that, had Eishi Tapoor
floating from ndia to 6akistan in a river without drowning. remember arguing with my friends
that if he could float that long he could swim back to ndia as well. My friends nullified the
argument by saying,
1peed
Eiver
; 1peed
Eishi Tapoor
# kno$ t%at t%e reference is a little dated for most readers, but Aeba B%aktiyar made me
look beyond reason. #n t%is post $e $ill discuss some of t%e ideas t%at %a&e %elped me
sol&e TSD problems $it%out forming too many equations.
4unda 1@ A1era'e Speed
,e kno$ t%at t%e a&erage speed during a *ourney is gi&en by !Total Distance
Co&ered" : !Total Time Taken"D but t%ere are a fe$ special cases $%ic% mig%t
%elp in sol&ing questions,
2 (f the distance covered is constant (d
1
3 d
2
3 d
4
3 d
n
) in each part of the 5o&rne!#
then the avera%e speed is the Harmonic 0ean of the va-&es
Speed
/v%
3 n 6 (16s
1
7 16s
2
7 16s
4
7 16s
n
)
2 (f the time taken is constant (t
1
3 t
2
3 t
4
3 t
n
) in each part of the 5o&rne! then the
avera%e speed is /rithmetic 0ean of the va-&es
Speed
/v%
3 (s
1
7 s
2
7 s
4
7s
n
)6n
4unda 2: 5sin' 2ro'ressions (Arith#eti 6 +ar#oni)
n many questions, you will come across a situation when a person is going from point A to point
2 at various speeds and taking various times. 7e know that ifdistane is onstant, speed and
time are inversely proportional to each other. 2ut this information can also be used to deduce the
following two facts,
2 (f the vario&s speeds which are mentioned are in /P# then the correspondin% times
ta"en wi-- be in HP
2 (f the vario&s speeds which are mentioned are in HP# then the correspondin% times
ta"en wi-- be in /P
Let us use t%ese ideas to sol&e couple of quant questions.
*7a#ple 1
Arun, 2arun and Tiranmala start from the same place and travel in the same direction at speeds
of )9, (9 and 69 km per hour respectively. 2arun starts two hours after Arun. f 2arun and
Tiranmala overtake Arun at the same instant, how many hours after Arun did Tiranmala start#
(Some &se-ess information: /r&n $ar&n 8iranma-a is a 19:; $an%-adeshi fi-m <ow
!o& can %&ess what inspires the C/T .&estion setters Here is a son% from the fi-m)
Solution As you can see that the speeds are in "6, so we can say that the times taken will be in
A6. Time difference between Arun and 2arun is ' hours, so the time difference between 2arun
and Tiranbala will also be ' hours.
5ence, Eiranbala started 7 %ours after (run.
*7a#ple 2
.is%i Eapoor can s$im a certain course against t%e ri&er flo$ in =7 minutesD %e can
s$im t%e same course $it% t%e ri&er flo$ in F minutes less t%an %e can s$im in still
$ater. 5o$ long $ould %e take to s$im t%e course $it% t%e ri&er flo$G
Solution
Let us say Speed of .is%i Eapoor in still $ater is .E and Speed of t%e ri&er is .. 5ence,
.is%i Eapoors speeds against t%e ri&er flo$, in still $ater and $it% t%e ri&er flo$ are,
ET E, ET and ET A E.
As you can see, they are in A6."ence, the corresponding times taken will be in "6.
-et us say that the time taken to row down with the stream is t, then 8(, tAG and t are in "6. 1o,
t 7 9 3 (2 = ;> = t) 6 (;> 7 t)
? t
2
7 94t 7 @A: 3 1:;t
? t
2
2 @At 7 @A: 3 B
? t 3 :4 or 12
4unda 3: Speial -ase
Let us say t%at t$o bodies a H b start at t%e same time from t$o points P H Q
to$ards eac% ot%er and meet at a point . in bet$een. (fter meeting at ., a
takes t
a
time to reac% its destination !Q" and b takes t
b
time to reac% its
destination !P". T%en,
S
a
6 S
b
3 ?(t
b
6 t
a)
Also, the time taken by a K b to meet $i.e. to reach point E from 6 K J respectively& is given by,
t 3 ?$t
a
B t
b
&
<ote: The same form&-ae wi-- be va-id if two bodies a & b start at different times from
two points P & Q towards each other The! meet at a point C in between after
trave--in% for t
a
and t
b
time respective-! /fter meetin%# the! ta"e the same amo&nt of
time (t) to reach their respective destinations (Q & P)
hope that these ideas will help you reduce the number of equations that you form while solving
T1L problems if not completely eliminate them.
/&thor Ravi Handa has ta&%ht Q&antitative /ptit&de at (0S for > !ears /n a-&mn&s
of ((T 8hara%p&r where he st&died a d&a-2de%ree in comp&ter science# he has a-so
written a boo" on b&siness awareness
T!me s,ee$ $!stan-e=
+ Trains are mo$ing from A to ' and ' to A at regular inter$al of +hr The" complete their
>ourne" in 6 hr Ho- man" trains comming from station ' -ill cross the train comming from
station A that started at +,am77Assume the trains starts from #oth the stations at the same
time
Aolution3++ trainsThe train -hich started at +, am from station A -ill reach station ' at ? pm
<uring the course of its >ourne"= it -ill meet all the trains from ' starting at 6 am 0Train A meets
it at +, am at station A itself1 to ?pm at an inter$al of + hr cheers
&ll!"at!ons an$ M!<tures
+ Ho- do -e identif" -hat are -eights and -hat are quantities in certian pro#lems -here
time and speed are considered77
8 A mi%ture of certain quantit" of Milk -ith +4( of -ater -orth W, paise per litre 5f pure milk
costs +,. paise per litre= -hat is the amount of milk in the mi%ture7
Ku"s please help on this 3 A contractor emplo"ed a certain num#er of -orkers to finish
constructing a road in a certain scheduled time Aometime later= -hen a part of -ork had
#een completed= he realised that the -ork -ould get dela"ed #" three I fourth of the
scheduled time= so he at once dou#led the num#er of -orkers and thus he managed to
finish the road on the scheduled time "ow much work had been completed before increasing the
number of workers#
%. ::0G@
'.%990:@
).'9@
(.4one of these
Aolution3IAuppose the road -as to #e completed in +,, da"s
if + person is -orking he can do the -ork in +J6 da"s thus he does :9JQ of -ork in one da"=
after a particular time 8nd -orker came thus the road -as completed in +,, da"s
lets assume that %Q of -ork -as completed #" single -orker alone
num#er of da"s single -orker -orked ; %90:9J1
num#er of da"s 8 -orkers -orked ; 0+,,I%190:9J1
thus 0%90:9J1 F 00+,,I%1908L0:9J111 ;+,,
on sol$ing this the ans-er is +,,9JQ
Xipes A and ' can fill a cistern in 8, and ?, minutes and C can empt" it in +6 minutes 5f
three are opened and closed one after the other successi$el" for + min each in that order
ho- soon the cistern -ill #e filled7
+1 +6, minutes
81 +48 minutes
?1 +4J minutes
:1 +J6 minutes
A and ' are running a circular tracks in opposite directionthe" meet at a point :6, m from
starting point and continued running the" no- meet at a point ?,, m from the starting point
#ut in the opposite direction as #efore -hats the length of the track
+1 +,,, m
81 +8,, m
?1 +?6, m
:1 +6,, m
5n a la#orator"= three containers= A= ' and C= ha$e equal $olumes of different mi%tures of
liquid o%"gen and liquid nitrogen The concentration 0#" $olume1 of liquid o%"gen in the
three mi%tures is 8,Q= :,Q and .,Q respecti$el" !irst= oneIfifth of the contents of A are
poured into ' and then t-oIfifths of the contents of ' are poured into C The final
concentration 0#" $olume1 of liquid o%"gen in C is appro%imatel"
+1 48:Q
81 4+JQ
?1 4.4Q
:1 46WQ
A>a"= 'hanu and Chandu plan to tra$el from X and reach & at :3,, pm 'hanu starts
e%actl" 8: minutes after A>a" started from X Had Chandu started +8 minutes after 'hanu=
all of them -ould ha$e reached & at :3,, pm 'ut #efore Chandu left X= he recei$ed a call
from A>a" and -as told to start immediatel" to-ards & and at e%actl" the same time A>a"
re$ersed his direction and tra$elled to-ards X All the three of them meet at ?38: pm at R
0some-here #et-een X and &1 Each of them tra$elled -ith his o-n uniform speed
+1 83+8
81 83?4
?1 83:.
:1 cant #e determined
Ar$il=anil and rihant can completel" sol$e a pro#lem together in : hoursAr$il and rihanth
take +6 hours less than anil -orking aloneAnil -orks on the pro#lem for first 8 hours and
then ar$il and rihanth >oin himAfter another t-o hours=anil quits5n ho- man" hours is the
pro#lem actuall" sol$ed7
+1 W
81 :
?1 6
:1 4
61 .
The diluted -ine contains onl" . litres of -ine and the rest is -ater A ne- mi%ture -hose
concentration is ?,Q=is to #e formed #" replacing -ineHo- man" litres of mi%ture shall #e
replaced -ith pure -ine if there -as initiall" ?8 litres of -ater in the mi%ture70use #ucket
method for sol$ing these t"pe of mi%tures 1
+1 :
81 6
?1 .
:1 none of these
The ratio of e%penditure and sa$ings is ?385f the income increases #" +6Q and the sa$ings
increases #" 4Q=then #" ho- much percentage should his e%penditure increases7
+1 86
81 8+
?1 88
:1 8:
A rail-a" track runs parallel to a road and a c"clist -hose speed is +8kmph meets a trains
at the crossing=same time e$er"da"
One da" c"clist started 86min late and met the train 4km ahead of the crossing
What is the speed of the train7 pl/ e%plain
+1 J8kmph
81 4,kmph
?1 W4kmph
A and ' are participating in a race around a circular track of +,,,m
The race is of total +,kms
A completes one round in 8,,sec=' completes one round in :,,sec
After ho- much time -ill A meet ' for the last time7
+1 8,,,sec
81 +,,,sec
?1 .,,sec
:1 ?,,,sec
A car co$ers the first half of the distance #et-een t-o places at :, km9hr and the second
half of the distance at 4, km9hr so -hat is the a$erage speed of the car7
a :6 km9hr
#:. km9hr
c6, km9hr
d4, km9hr
5n a kilometer race= if A gi$es ' a :, m start= A -ins #" +W s 'ut if A gi$es ' a ?, s start= '
-ins #" :, m !ind the time taken #" ' to run 6,,, m 7
+1 +6, s
81 :6, s
?1 J6, s
:1 .86 s
61 46, s
the ratio of quantit" of fuel consumed #" an aeroplane0-hen tra$elling the same distance1 at
W,, km9hr= J6, km9hr and 6,, km9hr is ?383+ -hat -ill #e the distance of the aeroplane
tra$elled on ? litres of fuel at W,,km9hr= : lit of fuel at J6,km9hr and 4 lit of fuel at 6,,
km9hr77
pl/ gi$e e%planation
+1 +383?
81 +3?36
?1 +3?34
:1 +3834
p adn & can do a certain -ork together in +8 da"s= & and R in 8, da"s= and p nad R in
+6da"s X=& nad R start -orking together The" -ork for 8 da"s after -hich & lea$es After
+, more da"s= & re>oins and X lea$es & -orks for 8 da"s= along -ith R and then he lea$es
the remaining -ork is completed #" R 5n ho- man" da"s -ll the -ork #e completed7
+1 +8 da"s
81 +4da"s
?1 8,da"s
:1 8:da"s
A starts from home for his office He tra$els do-nhill= then on flat ground and then uphill to
reach his office <uring this= the time taken to tra$el uphill and on flat ground is the same 5t
takes him ? hrs to reach the office On the -a" #ack home A takes ? hrs +, min to reach
home along the same route The speeds do-nhill is 4, km9hr= on flat ground is :. km9hr
and uphill is :, km9hr
C&T :uant: Sol!n" C!r-ular Mot!on Problems
$%hoto& $Dr"&r Si%&rb5Drnsson)
( common question template in t%e Time, Speed and Distance topic of t%e
quantitati&e ability section in t%e Common (dmission Test !C(T" is based on
t$o or t%ree ob*ects mo&ing around a circular track. Let us assume t%at t%e
ob*ects %a&e speeds 1a/, 1b/ and 1c/ and are mo&ing on a track of lengt% 1L/. Gi&en
belo$ is a set of formulae t%at can be used for sol&ing suc% questions. # %a&e
assumed t%at a 4 b 4 c.
These formulae use the concepts of relative speed.
%. +ase % K ) ? 7hen two bodies are moving in the same direction, their relative speed is
$a,b&.
'. +ase ' ? 7hen two bodies are moving in opposite direction or towards each other,
their relative speed is $a A b&.
). Meeting at the starting point depends on when a particular body comes back at the
starting point and not on the direction.
(. Oor comple! cases, like two bodies are moving clockwise and one is anti,clockwise,
8ust use the concept of relative distance 0 relative speed.
,umber o! distinct points at $%ic% t%ey !t%e bodies in circular motion"
$ill meet can be determined by finding out t%e reduced ratios o! their
speeds -a:b+.
%. f they are moving in the same direction, then they will meet at a 8 ! distinct points on
the track.
'. f they are moving in opposite directions, they will meet at a 9 ! distinct points on the
track.
). All these points will be equidistant from each other and will include the starting point.
?or example, if t$o bodies are mo&ing at speeds of F m:sec and +< m:sec, t%e
ratio of t%e speeds is ;@<. T%ey $ill meet at < 2 ; 3 - distinct points $%en
mo&ing in same direction and < 0 ; 3 = distinct points in opposite direction.
#f t%ere are t%ree bodies in motion t%en to find out t%e number of distinct
points on t%e track at $%ic% t%ey $ill meet, you $ill first need to find out
pair$ise distinct meeting points. T%e o&erall ans$er $ill be t%e 5ig%est
Common ?actor of t%e pair$ise &alues. Ixample@ suppose (, B and C are
running $it% speeds of <, J and ++ on a circular track. ( and B are running
clock$ise, $%ereas C is running anti'clock$ise.
( and B $ill %a&e J 2 < 3 - distinct meeting points.
( and C $ill %a&e < 0 ++ 3 +9 distinct meeting points.
B and C $ill %a&e J 0 ++ 3 += distinct meeting points.
(, B and C $ill %a&e 5C? !-, +9, +=" 3 - distinct meeting points.
hope that in this post have covered most of the type of circular motion problems
which get asked and using the above ideas and concepts you will be able to solve such
problems easily in future.
Sol!n" @r!$ C#essboar$ relate$ ,roblems >or C&T
Problems based on grids:c%essboards %a&e been asked in t%e C(T and ot%er
KB( entrance exams o&er t%e years. T%ey seem really difficult $%en you
encounter t%em for t%e first time but once you get t%e %ang of t%ings t%ey
become really simple. T%e key lies in understanding t%e basic concepts
in&ol&ed.
T%e most common grid structure t%at $e are all familiar $it% is t%e
c%essboard. Let us look at some of t%e common questions based upon grid.
Q1: ,%at is t%e number of squares on a c%essboardG
Squares of siLe +x+ 3 =M- 3 97
Squares of siLe -x- 3 JM- 3 7F
. . .
Squares of siLe =x= 3 +M- 3 +
Total number of squares 3 1 9 4 9 ; :: 4; 9 <4 / 204
Eo& co&-d have a-so &sed the form&-a 1F2 7 2F2 7 4F2 G nF2 3 n(n71)(2n71)6:
(n this case# !o& wo&-d have %ot 3 ;=9=1@6: 3 12=1@ 3 2B>
Q2: ,%at is t%e total number of rectangles on a c%essboardG
To form a = x = c%essboard, $e need F %oriLontal and F &ertical lines.
#f $e select any - lines from t%e F %oriLontal lines and any - lines from t%e F
&ertical lines, $e $ill get a rectangle
Total number of rectangles 3 ;-2 = ;-2 / 3<=3< / 12;<
Q3: #n %o$ many $ays can you place - rooks on a c%essboard suc% t%at t%ey
are not in attacking positionsG
T%e first rook can be placed in 97 $ays
T%e second rook cannot be placed in t%e same ro$ or t%e same column. So, it
%as J ro$s and J columns left for it. #t can be placed in 7F $ays.
But t%e order in $%ic% t%e rooks are placed is not important. So, it $ill be
di&ided by -N
Total $ays 3 <4=4;.2 / 15<8
Q4: #n %o$ many $ays can you place = rooks on a c%essboard suc% t%at t%ey
are not in attacking positionsG
T%e first rook can be placed in 97 $ays.
T%e second rook can be placed in 7F $ays.
.
.
T%e eigt% rook can be placed in + $ay
But t%e order in $%ic% t%e rooks are placed is not important. So, it $ill be
di&ided by =N
Total $ays 3 <4=4;=3<>4=1.8? / 8? / 40320
Q5: #n %o$ many $ays is it possible to c%oose a $%ite square and a black
square on a c%ess board so t%at t%e squares must not lie in t%e same ro$ or
columnG @-A" 2002A
T%e $%ite square can be c%osen in ;- $ays.
#f $e remo&e t%e ro$ and t%e column $%ic% contains t%e c%osen $%ite square,
$e $ill be left $it% J .o$s H J Columns containing a total of 7F squares !-7
black and -< $%ite". ,e $ould %a&e remo&ed +< squares !J $%ite and = black"
.equired $ays 3 32=24 / B<8
Q<: #n %o$ many $ays can you go from ( to BG !S%ortest pat%"
To go from ( to B, you need to make 7 rig%t mo&es !." and 9 up mo&es!O".
Pne of t%e possible pat%s could be ....OOOOOO
(ny rearrangement of t%e abo&e $ould gi&e you a different s%ortest pat% from
( to B.
....OOOOOO can be rearranged in 10?.(4?<?) / 210 &ays because among t%e
+8 entities four .s are identical and 9 Os are identical.
(not%er $ay of sol&ing t%is could be@
?rom t%e +8 mo&es t%at you %a&e to make select t%e 7 mo&es $%ic% $ill be
.ig%t mo&es. T%is can be done in 10-4 / 10?.(4?<?) / 210 &ays
QB: #n %o$ many $ays can you go from ( to BG !S%ortest pat%"
To go from ( to B, you $ill %a&e to follo$ t%e pat% (PQB
( to P can be done in 7C- 3 9 $ays !Select - rig%t mo&es from a total of 7
mo&es"
P to Q is only one $ay !T%e pat% t%roug% t%e red rectangle"
Q to B can be done in ;C+ 3 ; $ays !Select + rig%t mo&e from a total of ;
mo&es"
Total $ays 3 < 7 1 7 3 / 18 &ays
Q8: #n %o$ many $ays can you go from ( to BG !S%ortest pat%"
Total $ays !if t%e red rectangle $as not t%ere" 3 +8C7 3 -+8
PQ is t%e road $%ic% %as been remo&ed. #t $ould make all t%e routes $%ic%
included t%e road PQ as in&alid.
So, all routes consisting of (PQB $ill be in&alid
( to P 3 <C; 3 +8
P to Q 3 +
Q to B 3 7C; 3 7
#n&alid $ays 3 +8 x + x 7 3 78
Total &alid $ays 3 210 8 40 / 1B0 &ays
@-A" 2008A T%e figure belo$ s%o$s t%e plan of a to$n. T%e streets are at rig%t
angles to eac% ot%er. ( rectangular park !P" is situated inside t%e to$n $it% a
diagonal road running t%roug% it. T%ere is also a pro%ibited region !D" in t%e
to$n.
Q;: >eelam rides %er bicycle from %er %ouse at ( to %er office at B, taking t%e
s%ortest pat%. T%en t%e number of possible s%ortest pat%s t%at s%e can c%oose
is
Let us call t%e road t%roug% park as K>.
T%e pat% >eelam $ill take is (K>B.
>eelam can go from ( to K in 7C- 3 9 $ays.
K to > in + $ay
> to B in 9C- 3 +< $ays.
>umber of possible s%ortest pat%s 3 <=15 / ;0
Q10. >eelam rides %er bicycle from %er %ouse at ( to %er club at C, &ia B
taking t%e s%ortest pat%. T%en t%e number of possible s%ortest pat%s t%at s%e
can c%oose is
>eelam can go from ( to B in F8 $ays.
?rom B to C &ia > 3 9 !and not &ia K"
?rom B to C &ia K 3 J $ays
#n all ;0=(<9B) / 11B0 &ays
# %ope you en*oyed t%is post and if you get a grid based question in C(T, you
$ill be able to crack it.
3Ae "ot t#e Po2er: Work!n" 2!t# Ba-tor!als >or C&T 2;11 ?uant
,e all kno$ $%at factorials !nN" are. T%ey look friendly and %elpful but looks
can be decei&ing, as many quant problems %a&e taug%t us. #t is probably
because ?actorials are simple looking creatures, t%at most students prefer
attempting questions based on t%em rat%er t%an on Permutation H
Combination or Probability. # $ill co&er PHCD and Probability in a later article
but in todays post # $ould like to discuss some fundas related to factorials,
$%ic% as a matter of fact form t%e basis of a large number of PHCD and
Probability problems.
1ome of the factorials that might speed up your calculation are5
BH 3 1I 1H 3 1I 2H 3 2I 4H 3 :I >H 3 2>I AH 3 12BI :H 3 @2BI @H 3 AB>B
4unda 1: 0i'ht#ost non$Cero di'it o% n? or 0(n?)
C(nH) 3 Jast Ki%it of L 2
a
, C(aH) , C(bH) M
where n 3 Aa 7 b
Ixample@ ,%at is t%e rig%tmost non'Lero digit of ;JN G
. !;JN" 3 Last Digit of Q -
J
x . !JN" x . !-N" R
. !;JN" 3 Last Digit of Q = x 7 x - R 3 7
E!ample5 7hat is the rightmost non,Uero digit of %)(V #
E $%)(V& 3 -ast Ligit of R '
'6
! E $'6V& ! E $(V& S
. !+;7N" 3 Last Digit of Q 7 x . !-9N" x 7 R
,e need to find out . !-9N" 3 Last Digit of Q -
<
x . !<N" x . !+N" R 3 Last digit of
Q - x - x + R 3 7
E $%)(V& 3 -ast Ligit of R ( ! ( ! ( S 3 (
4unda 2: 2o&er o% a pri#e p in a %atorial (n?)
The bi%%est power of a prime p that divides nH (or in other words# the power of prime
p in nH) is %iven b! the s&m of .&otients obtained b! s&ccessive division of n b! p
Ixample@ ,%at is t%e %ig%est po$er of J t%at di&ides +;7-N
R%)(' 0 :S 3 %G%
R%G% 0 :S 3 ':
R': 0 :S 3 )
6ower of : 3 %G% A ': A ) 3 ''%
Ixample@ ,%at is t%e %ig%est po$er of 9 t%at di&ides +;7N G
As 6 is not a prime number, we will divide it into its prime factors. ) is the bigger prime, so its
power will be the limiting factor. "ence, we need to find out the power of ) in %)(V
Q+;7:;R 3 77
R((0)S 3 %(
Q+7:;R 3 7
R(0)S 3 %
Po$er of ; in +;7N 3 77 0 +7 0 7 0 + 3 9;
E!ample5 7hat is the highest power of G that divides %)(V #
(s F is not a prime number, $e $ill di&ide it into its prime factors. F is actually
;
-
. T%e number of ;s a&ailable is 9;, so t%e number of Fs a&ailable $ill be
Q9;:-R 3 ;+.
5ig%est po$er of F t%at di&ides +;7N is ;+.
5ig%est po$er of += and ;9 $ill also be ;+. 5ig%est po$er of -J $ill be Q9;:;R
3 -+.
<ote: To find o&t the hi%hest power of a composite n&mber# a-wa!s tr! and find o&t
which n&mber (or prime n&mber) wi-- become the -imitin% factor Use that to
ca-c&-ate !o&r answer (n most cases !o& can 5&st -oo" at a n&mber and sa! that
which one of its prime factors wi-- be the -imitin% factor (f it is not obvio&s# then !o&
ma! need to find it o&t for two of the prime factors The above method can be &sed for
doin% the same
4unda 3: Du#!er o% endin' Ceroes in a %atorial (n?)
<&mber of Neroes is %iven b! the s&m of the .&otients obtained b! s&ccessive division
of n b! A
T%is is actually an extension of ?unda +. >umber of ending Leroes is not%ing
else but t%e number of times nN is di&isible by +8 or in ot%er $ords, t%e %ig%est
po$er of +8 t%at di&ides nN. +8 is not a prime number and its prime factors are
- and <. < becomes t%e limiting factor and leads to t%e abo&e'mentioned idea.
Ixample@ ,%at is t%e number of ending Leroes in +;7N G
R%)(0*S 3 '6
R'60*S 3 *
R*0*S 3 %
>umber of ending Leroes 3 -9 0 < 0 + 3 ;-
# %ope t%at t%is gets you started $it% factorials and you mig%t start singing this
song.
E 4ail(Dail)ed
by Mavericks in Odds and *nds H %) Ianuary /%(
+AT results are 8ust few hours away from now and many of us would be going through different
sets of emotions, which is understandable. Many of us would have put in a lot of effort and their
high level of e!pectation is very much anticipated and obvious. <n the the other hand this is also
very much a known fact that very few of us is going to make it to 'nd round and again very very
few of them is finally going to make it through. 2ut the real question to answer is , 7hat to those
who dont even make it to 'nd round# canNt say about others but this is what i will go through, if
i canNt make it to ne!t level.
will feel bad, in fact very very bad. will even cry and there is no harm in crying. t will take
weeks, even a month or so to get back to normal, but thats ok. My personal and professional life
both will be impacted. donNt know if i did 8ustice with my preparation or not but failure is
something that no one likes to have. will even blame the normaliUation and diversity factor.
will blame my state board for being so harsh on me. will curse myself for wasting time on
unnecessary things in past and not putting that into study. will start doubting my abilities, my
preparation strategy if had any, my dedication, commitment everything. 1o, what can do from
here# And 7hat need to do from here#
know canNt do anything about my average academic record, normaliUation and diversity
factor. 2ringing my so called failure to my personal and professional life is also not a good thing
to do and it will further impact me. 1o will try to move on as quickly as possible from my
failure in +AT although it will take some time, but will have to do that. will then start looking
at my loop holes, weak points, where missed, what went wrong, how can improve myself, my
strengths, weaknesses and many other things. will not let my dream to die. There are two
factors, one those are controllable like my hard work, dedication and commitment and then there
are things on which donNt have any control like academics, normaliUation factor and diversity
factor etc. 1o will not waste my energy and time on things which cannot control rather will
focus only on things which can control. To be very honest can only try and hope for the best
and thatNs all anyone can do.
n terms of ". 1tanley Iudd ? WLon/t be afraid to fail. Lon/t waste energy trying to cover up
failure. -earn from your failures and go on to the ne!t challenge. t/s <T to fail. f you/re not
failing, you/re not growing. X
T)3C9
<ne simple technique is using days in denominator while solving questions.
Oor e!ample, A can do a 8ob in ) days and 2 can do the same 8ob in 6 days. n
how much time they can do the 8ob together.
1olution , %0) A %06 3 %0', hence ' days is the answer.
E!aminer can set the question in opposite way and can ask you how much
time A or 2 alone will take to complete the 8ob. t is quite easy to calculate
said question by putting values in equation we arrived in above question.
Dou need to understand one simple concept , f A can do a 8ob in %9 day then
in one day A can do %0%9th of 8ob
SHO)TC(T
2est trick that use in e!ams myself is by finding the efficiency of workers in
percent. f A can do a 8ob in ' days then he can do *9@ in a day.
Number of days required to
complete the work
Work that can be done
per day
Efficiency in Percent
n +9n +,,9n
n 1/n 1;;/n
1 1/1 1;;C
2 1/2 D;C
3 1/3 33=33C
4 1/4 2DC
D 1/D 2;C
E 1/E 1E=EEC
F 1/F 14=2GC
G 1/G 12=DC
H 1/H 11=11C
1; 1/1; 1;C
11 1/11 H=;HC
NOW 'ETAS SO'1E :(EST3ONS W3TH TH3S T)3C9
:uest!on 6 & take D $a0s to -om,lete a Iob an$ 7 takes 1; $a0s to
-om,lete
t#e same Iob= 3n #o2 mu-# t!me t#e0 2!ll -om,lete t#e Iob
to"et#er J
Solut!on 6 &As e>>!-!en-0 = 2;C+ 7As e>>!-!en-0 = 1;C= 3> t#e0 2ork
to"et#er
t#e0 -an $o 3;C o> t#e Iob !n a $a0= To -om,lete t#e Iob t#e0
nee$ 3=33 $a0s=
:uest!on 6 & !s t2!-e as e>>!-!ent as 7 an$ -an -om,lete a Iob 3;
$a0s be>ore
7= 3n #o2 mu-# t#e0 -an -om,lete t#e Iob to"et#er J
Solut!on 6 'et e>>!-!en-0 ,er-enta"e as <
&As e>>!-!en-0 = 2< an$ 7As e>>!-!en-0 = <
& !s t2!-e e>>!-!ent an$ -an -om,lete t#e Iob 3; $a0s be>ore 7=
So+
& -an -om,lete t#e Iob !n 3; $a0s an$ 7 -an -om,lete t#e Iob !n
E; $a0s
&As e>>!-!en-0 = 1/3; = 3=33C
7As e>>!-!en-0 = 1/E; = 1=EEC
7ot# -an $o DC . 3=33C 4 1=EEC / o> t#e Iob !n 1 $a0=
So t#e -an -om,lete t#e 2#ole Iob !n 2; $a0s .1;;/D/
:uest!on 6 & tank -an be >!lle$ !n 2; m!nutes= T#ere !s a leaka"e
2#!-# -an
em,t0 !t !n E; m!nutes= 3n #o2 man0 m!nutes tank -an be >!lle$J
Solut!on 6
Met#o$ 1
E>>!-!en-0 o> >!ll!n" ,!,e = 2; m!nutes = 1/3 #our = 3;;C
E>>!-!en-0 o> leaka"e = E; m!nutes = 1;;C
We nee$ to $e$u-t e>>!-!en-0 o> leaka"e so >!nal e>>!-!en-0 !s
2;;C= We are
tak!n" 1;;C = 1 Hour as base so ans2er !s 3; m!nutes=
(,$ate 6 ;H6;H62;13 . &s S#ob#na an$ &s2!n are >a-!n" ,roblem
!n sol!n"
t#!s ?uest!on+ 3 am sol!n" t#!s ?uest!on 2!t# se-on$ met#o$
2#!-# !s also
er0 eas0+ #o,e t#!s 2!ll make t#e solut!on lot eas!er=/
Met#o$ 2
E>>!-!en-0 o> >!ll!n" ,!,e = 1;;/2; = DC
E>>!-!en-0 o> leaka"e ,!,e = 1;;/E; = 1=EEC
Net >!ll!n" e>>!-!en-0 = 3=33C
So tank -an be >!lle$ !n = 1;;/3=33C = 3; m!nutes
*ou -an -#an"e t#e base to m!nutes or een se-on$s
*ou -an sole eer0 t!me an$ 2ork ?uest!on 2!t# t#!s tr!-k= 3n
aboe
e<am,les 3 2rote een s!m,le -al-ulat!ons= W#!le !n e<ams 0ou
-an $o t#ese
-al-ulat!ons mentall0 an$ sae lots o> t!me=
*ou -an >!n$ more tr!-ks l!ke t#!s !n ?uant!tat!e a,t!tu$e se-t!on=
Comment belo2 !n -ase o> an0 ?uer0+ 3 ,rom!se to re,l0 2!t#!n 24
#ours=
(,$ate ;H O-tober 2;13 6 :uest!on re?ueste$ b0 C#!tra Sal!n
:uest!on 6 4 men an$ E 2omen 2ork!n" to"et#er -an -om,lete
t#e 2ork
2!t#!n 1; $a0s= 3 men an$ F 2omen 2ork!n" to"et#er 2!ll
-om,lete t#e same
2ork 2!t#!n G $a0s= 3n #o2 man0 $a0s 1; 2omen 2!ll -om,lete
t#!s 2ork J
Solut!on 6 'et number o> men =<+ number o> 2omen = 0
E>>!-!en-0 o> 4 men an$ E 2omen = 1;;/1; = 1;C
so+ 4<4E0 = 1;
&boe e?uat!on means 4 men an$ E 2omen -an $o 1;C o> a t#e
Iob !n one
$a0=
E>>!-!en-0 o> 3 men an$ F 2omen = 1;;/G = 12=DC
so+ 3<4F0 = 12=D
70 sol!n" bot# e?uat!ons 2e "et+ < = 6;=D an$ 0 = 2
E>>!-!en-0 o> 1 2oman.0/ = 2C ,er $a0
E>>!-!en-0 o> 1; 2omen ,er $a0 = 2;C
So 1; 2omen -an -om,lete t#e Iob !n 1;;/2; = D $a0s
(,$ate 1161162;13 6 :uest!on re?ueste$ b0 Pra!s0
:uest!on 6 & an$ 7 to"et#er -an -om,lete a task !n 2; $a0s= 7
an$ C
to"et#er -an -om,lete t#e same task !n 3; $a0s= & an$ C
to"et#er -an
-om,lete t#e same task !n 3; $a0s= W#at !s t#e res,e-t!e rat!o o>
t#e number
o> $a0s taken b0 & 2#en -om,let!n" t#e same task alone to t#e
number o>
$a0s taken b0 C 2#en -om,let!n" t#e same task aloneJ
Solut!on 6
E>>!-!en-0 o> & an$ 7 = 1/2; ,er $a0 = DC ,er $a0
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK1
E>>!-!en-0 o> 7 an$ C = 1/3; ,er $a0 = 3=33C ,er
$a0KKKKKKKKKKKKKK2
E>>!-!en-0 o> C an$ & = 1/3; ,er $a0 = 3=33C ,er
$a0KKKKKKKKKKKKKK3
Tak!n" e?uat!on 2 an$ 3 to"et#er
7 4 C = 3=33C an$ C 4 & = 3=33C
C an$ 3=33C 2!ll be remoe$= Hen-e & = 7
E>>!-!en-0 o> & = 7 = DC/2 = 2=DC = 1/4;
E>>!-!en-0 o> C = 3=33C 6 2=DC = ;=G33C = 1/12;
& -an $o t#e Iob !n 4; $a0s an$ C -an $o t#e Iob !n 12; $a0s
#e t#e0 2ork
G/2;14 T!me an$Work6 S#ort-uts an$Tr!-ks 5 7ankE<ams To$a0
#tt,://222=banke<amsto$a0=-om/2;13/;4/t!me6an$62ork6
s#ort-uts6an$6tr!-ks=#tml H/32
alone=
)at!o o> number o> $a0s !n 2#!-# & an$ C -an -om,lete t#e
Iob 1:3
1e$!- Mat#emat-!s61
Ti(s To %emember Some :alues
The values of reciprocal percentages (RP) for 6 is exactly half that for 3 (half
of 33.33 = 16.66) The RP for 8 is exactly half of 4 (half of 25 = 12.5)
Seven is easy to remember just 7 into 2 (14), followed by 14 into 2 (28)
which makes it 14.28
9 is one-third of 3 (33.33 divided by 3 = 11.11)
Please start with the next ten only after becoming absolutely comfortable
with the first ten
Number %eci(rocal ecimal Percentage
11 1/11 0.09090 0+10
12 1/12 0.0833 .+33
13 1/13 0.077 $+$
14 1/14 0.0714 $+14
1" 1/15 0.0666 #+##
1# 1/16 0.0625 #+2"
1$ 1/17 0.0588 "+..
1. 1/18 0.0555 "+""
10 1/19 0.0526 "+2#
21 1;21 1+1" "
By now you would have figured out that the difficult ones are the prime
numbers. We have already dealt with 7. Now we need to work out 11, 13,
17, 19, 23 and 29.
9 and 11 are interrelated as 1/9 is 11.11 and 1/11 is 9.09
13 is considered unlucky. The way you remember it is through the year
1977,which proved unlucky for Indira Gandhi and Coca Cola.
All even numbers can be worked out by dividing the RP for the number that
was their half or quarter by two or four respectively. For example, 12 is half
of 6 (half of 16.66 = 8.33)
Workout the rest of the primes and your own unique way to remember
them. We cannot emphasize the importance of having the percentages of
the 1st 30 reciprocals on your fingertips.
Number %eci(rocal ecimal Percentage
21 1/21 0.0476 4+$#
22 1/22 0.04545 4+"4
23 1/23 0.0434 4+34
24 1/24 0.0416 4+1#
2" 1/25 0.04 4
2# 1/26 0.0384 3+.4
2$ 1/27 0.0370 3+$
2. 1/28 0.0357 3+"$
20 1/29 0.0344 3+44
31 1/30 0.0333 3
1e$!- Mat#emat!-s 33
/om(osite Table
Sl+No %: < %: S=uare /ube >ourth
term
S=uare
%oot
/ube
%oot
1 1.00 100 1 1 1 1.00 1
2 0.50 50.00 4 8 16 1.41 1+2"
3 0.33 33.33 9 27 81 1.73 1+44
4 0.25 25.00 16 64 256 2.00 1+".
" 0.20 20.00 25 125 625 2.24 1+$1
# 0.17 16.67 36 216 1296 2.45 1+.1
$ 0.14 14.29 49 343 2401 2.65 1+01
. 0.13 12.50 64 512 4096 2.83 2
0 0.11 11.11 81 729 6561 3.00 2+1.
11 0.10 10.00 100 1000 10000 3.16 2+1"
4ase Method
For MultiplicationThis is very suitable when numbers are close to a base like 10, 100, 1000
or so on. Let's take an example:
106 x 108
Here the base is 100 and the 'surplus' is 6 and 8 for the two numbers. The answer will be
found in two parts, the right-hand should have only two digits (because base is 100) and
will be the product of the surpluses. Thus, the right-hand part will be 6 % 8, i.e. 48. The left-
hand part will be one multiplicand plus the surplus of the other multiplicand. The left part of
the answer in this case will be 106 + 8 or for that matter 108 + 6 i.e. 114. The answer is
11448.
12 X 14.
10 would the most suitable base. In the current example, the surplus numbers are +2 and
+4.
If 8x7 were to be performed and base of 10 were chosen, then -2 and -3 would have been
the deficit numbers.
Try the following numbers
(a) 13 X 16 (b) 16 X 18 (c) 18 X 19 (d) 22 X 24
Once you get comfortable, do not use any paper or pen.
?S,N@ ATB5% 4AS5S
In 46 X 48, the base chosen is 50 and multiplication of 44 by 50 is better done like this:
take the half of 44 and put two zeros at the end, because 50 is same as 100/2. Therefore,
product will be 2200. It would be lengthy to multiply 44 by 5 and put a zero at the end. In
general, whenever we want to multiply anything by 5, simply halve it and put a zero.
Multiply 32 by 25. Most of the students would take 30 as the base. The method is correct
but nonetheless lengthier. Better technique is to understand that 25 is same as one-fourth.
Therefore, one-fourth of 32 is 8 and hence the answer is 800.
An application of Base Method to learn multiplications of the type 3238, where unit's digit
summation is 10 and digits other than unit's digit are same in both the numbers. In the
above example, 2 + 8 = 10 and 3 in 32 is same as 3 in 38. Therefore method can be
applied. The method is simple to apply. The group of digits other than unit's digit, in this
case 3, is multiplied by the number next to itself. Therefore, 3 is multiplied by 4 to obtain
12, which will form the left part of the answer. The unit's digits are multiplied to obtain 16
(in this case), which will form the right part of the answer. Therefore, the answer is 1216.
Try these now
53 X 57 91 X 99 106 X 104 123 X 127
The rule for squares of numbers ending with 5. e.g., 652. This is same as 65 X 65 and since
this multiplication satisfies the criteria that unit's digit summation is 10 and rest of the
numbers are same, we can apply the method. Therefore, the answer is 42 / 25 = 4225.
Try these:
352 952 1252 2052
/?4,N@
Finding the cubes of numbers close to the powers of 10. e.g., cubes of 998, 1004, 100012,
10007, 996, 9988, etc. Some of the numbers are in surplus and others are in deficit.
Explain the method as given below.
Find (10004)
3
Step (I) : Base is 10000. Provide three spaces in the answer. The base contains 4 zeros.
Hence, the second and third space must contain exactly 4 digits.
1 0 0 0 4 = ?/ ?/ ?
Step (II) : The surplus is (+4). If surplus is written as 'a', perform the operation '3a' and
add to the base 10000 to get 10012. Put this in the 1st space.
1 0 0 0 4 = 1 0 0 1 2 /?/?
Step (III) : The new surplus is (+12). Multiply the new surplus by the old surplus, i.e. (+4)
(+12) = (+48). According to the rule written in the step (I), 48 is written as 0048.
1 0 0 0 4 = 1 0 0 1 2 / 0 0 4 8 /?
Step (IV) : The last space will be filled by the cube of the old surplus (+4). Therefore, 43 =
64, which is written as 0064.
1 0 0 0 4 = 1 0 0 1 2 / 0 0 4 8 / 0 0 6 4
Therefore, the answer is 1001200480064.
Find (998)3
Step (I) : Base = 1000. Hence, exactly 3 digits must be there in the 2nd and 3rd space.The
deficit = (+2)
9 9 8 = ?/?/?
Step (II) : Multiply the deficit by 3 and subtract (because this is the case of deficit) from the
base.
9 9 8 = 9 9 4 /?/?
Step (III) : (old deficit) x (new deficit) = 2 x 6 = 12
9 9 8 = 9 9 4 / 0 1 2 /?
Step (IV) : The cube of the old deficit = 8. Since it is the case of deficit, -8 should be
written. All that you need to do to write the negative number in the third space is to find the
complement of the number, in this case 8. But since the third space must have exactly 3
digits, the complement of 008 must be calculated. The complement of 008 is 992. Don't
forget to reduce the last digit of the second space number by 1
9 9 8 = 9 9 4 / 0 1 2 / 9 9 2
- 1
9 9 4 / 0 1 1 / 9 9 2
Therefore, the answer is 994011992
As an exercise, try the following :
999943 = 9 9 9 8 2 / 0 0 1 0 8 / 0 0 2 1 6 = 99982/00107/99784
100053 = 1 0 0 1 5 / 0 0 7 5 / 0 1 2 5 = 10015/0075/0125
1000253 = 1 0 0 0 7 5 / 0 1 8 7 5 / 1 5 6 2 5 = 100075/01875/15625
99999883 = 9 9 9 9 9 6 4 / 0 0 0 0 4 3 2 / 0 0 0 1 7 2 8
= 9999964/0000431/9998272
Multi(l'ing numbers Cust o&er 111+
1. 103 x 104 = 10712
The answer is in two parts: 107 and 12,
107 is just 103 + 4 (or 104 + 3),
and 12 is just 3 x 4.
2. Similarly 107 x 106 = 11342
107 + 6 = 113 and 7 x 6 = 42
>ew more ,deas
Again, just for mental arithmetic ,quick way to square numbers that end in 5 using the
formula BY ONE MORE THAN THE ONE BEFORE.
1. 752 = 5625
752 means 75 x 75.
The answer is in two parts: 56 and 25.
The last part is always 25.
The first part is the first number, 7, multiplied by the number "one more", which is 8:
so 7 x 8 = 56
2. 32 x 38 = 1216
Both numbers here start with 3 and the last figures (2 and 8) add up to 10.
So we just multiply 3 by 4 (the next number up) to get 12 for the first part of the answer.
And we multiply the last figures: 2 x 8 = 16 to get the last part of the answer.
Method *or di&ing b' 0+
1. 23 / 9 = 2 remainder 5
The first figure of 23 is 2, and this is the answer. The remainder is just 2 and 3 added up!
2. 43 / 9 = 4 remainder 7
The first figure 4 is the answer
and 4 + 3 = 7 is the remainder - could it be easier?
3. 134 / 9 = 14 remainder 8
The answer consists of 1,4 and 8.
1 is just the first figure of 134.
4 is the total of the first two figures 1+ 3 = 4,
and 8 is the total of all three figures 1+ 3 + 4 = 8
Till now, you were multiplying like this:
Question: Multiply 432 by 617.
Answer: 432 x 617
3024
432
2592
266544
More the number of digits in the numbers, more lines and time you consume. No more!
Using the Sutra "Vertically and Crosswise", you have
Step 1 (mentally, don't write on notebook) : vertically (last digits) :
2x7=14; write 4 carry 1
Step 2 (mentally) : crosswise (last two digits) :
3x7 +2x1 = 23 +carry 1 = 24; write 4 carry 2
Step 3 : vertically and crosswise (three digits) :
4x7 + 3x1 +2x6 = 43 +carry 2 = 45; write 5 carry 4
Step 4 : (move left; first two digits) :
Step 5 : (move left; first digit of each number) :
4x6 = 24 +carry 2 = 26. End.
Write answer : 266544
This is how it appears on notebook :
432
x 617
266544
Multiply 2376 by 4060
2376
x 4060
6x0 = 0; write 0;
7x0 +6x6 = 36; write 6 carry 3;
3x0 +7x6 +6x0 = 42 +carry 3 = 45; write 5 carry 4
2x0 +3x6 +7x0 +6x4 = 42 +carry 4 = 46; write 6 carry 4
2x6 +3x0 +7x4 = 40 +carry 4 = 44; write 4 carry 4
2x4 = 8 +carry 1 = 9; write 9. End. Answer is 9646560
Submitted b' !itesh"
.roblems on Time and Work: /0T 1uantitative
0ptitude
Publ!s#e$ on: 'G,MAD,'9%'
This article takes "ou through the pro#lems of Time= Work M Wages This is an important
topic and CAT has gi$en questions in the past e%ams= though as is the practice in CAT= the
questions ha$e not #een directl" #ased on the formulae (et us go through the follo-ing
pro#lems and solutionsY
E<am,le:
5f A can complete a -ork in +8 da"s= ' in 6 da"s= then find the time 0in da"s1 taken #" them
in each of the cases listed #elo- 3
0a1 When and -ork together
0#1 When and -ork alternati$el"= and -ork is started #" A
0c1 5f starts t-o da"s later= in comparison to A
Solut!on:
0a1 As efficienc" ;
0#1 'Hs efficienc" ;
Com#ined efficienc" ;
Ao= the required time -hen A and ' -ork together ;
0#1 Assuming the -ork is started #" A on the first da" and then follo-ed #" ' on the second
da"= in e$er" t-o da"s and -ill ha$e a com#ined efficienc" ; +6Q 0com#ining AHs and 'Hs
efficienc" from a#o$e Ao in +8 da"s the" -ill complete Ao in +8 da"s the" -ill complete
; 4 % +6Q ; W,Q
0-e multipl" #" 4 therefore -e consider -ork done #" A and ' on alternate da"s hence for
+8 da"s -e take 4 da"s com#ined efficienc" for A and '1
On the +?
th
da"= -ill finish of the remaining 0ie=+,Q -ork1 and the rest +44Q -ill #e
finished #" ! on the +:th da" #" taking time ;
Thus= total required time to complete the -ork ;
5n this case= A alone -orks for 8 da"s #efore ' >oins him= -hich means if A2s efficienc" is
taken for first 8 da"s= -e get
Ao= the remaining
therefore Time taken together
this -ill #e less tha 4 da"s1
Thus= the total required time
E<am,le:
A contractor has t-o parallel contracts= contract + and contract 8= on -hich -ork needs to
#e finishedin a specified num#er of da"s He puts all his group of -orkers on contract + To
#e a#le to finish contract8 also on time he -ithdra-s one -orker each da"= from second da"
on-ards= from -ork on contract +
Work on contract + finishes -hen the last -orker is -ithdra-n Had no -orker #een
-ithdra-n at an" stage= -ork on contract + -ould ha$e finished in of the time it actuall"
took to finish the -ork What is the total num#er of -orkers in the contractors group7
O+P 6
O8P +,
O?P +6
O:P 8,
Solut!on:
This is a trick"= #ut a $er" eas" pro#lem Had all the -orkers -orked and no -orker -as
-ithdra-n= then the -ork -ould ha$e finished in 66Q of the time it actuall" took to finishZ
this means3
5f the -ork -as to #e finished -ithout -ithdra-ing an" man it -ould take 66 ManI<a"s #ut=
+ man -as -ithdra-n e$er"da" #eginning 8
nd
da" of -ork= it has taken +,, ManI<a"s No-=
+,, ManI<a"s can #e had= if +, Men -ork for +, da"s 0and no man is -ithdra-n from -ork1
Also= if +, men start the -ork and a man is -ithdra-n e$er"da" #eginning 8nd da"Zthis -ill
mean3
"tatement#an$%ays
On da" + there are +, men -orking 0+, ManI<a"s1
On da" 8 there are W men -orking 0W ManI<a"s1
On da" ? there are . men -orking 0. ManI<a"s1
3 3 3 3 3 3
On da" + there is + man -orking 0+ ManI<a"1
This means the contractor had a total of +, men in his groupTherefore= the correct option is
O8P
2earn and understand problems on Relative 3otion:
/0T 1uantitative 0ptitude
This article focuses on the concept of )Relati$e Motion 'et-een T-o 'odies2 Auch
questions ha$e #een part of the CAT paper and should not #e neglected as the" are reall"
eas" to score on
7as!- Con-e,ts .T!me+ S,ee$ an$ D!stan-e/
5f the speed of a #od" is changed in the ratio %3"= then the time taken #" the #od" is changed
in the ratio "3%= assuming the distance is constant
5f the speed remains constant and the time for -hich a #od" is in motion is changed in a
certain ratio %3" then the distance is changed in the same ratio %3"
5n a fi%ed time and gi$en a change in distance in the ratio %3"= the speed is also changed in
the ratio %3"
Change in Apeed3At times during a >ourne"= the speed of a #od" -ill $ar" 0increase or
decrease1 5n this case= the >ourne" should #e #roken do-n into sections Each section of the
>ourne" should #e such that the speed of the #od" in that section is a constant
Average 1peed5f the speed changes several times during a 8ourney, then we introduce the idea of
average speed. The formula for average speed, which we will be denote by 1peed
avg
or 1
avg
is,
)elat!e S,ee$
The idea of relati$e speed arises -hen t-o #odies are in motion The relati$e speed= -hich
is denoted #" A
r
= is defined as follo-s3
(et A and ' #e the t-o #odies (et their speeds #e AA and A' respecti$el" Then=
0i1 A
r
; A
A
F A
'
= if the" are tra$elling in opposite directions0in the opposite direction the
relati$e speed or effecti$e speed #et-een t-o #odies is the sum of their speeds1
0ii1 A
r
; A
A
I A
'
= if the" are tra$elling in the same direction0in the same direction the relati$e
speed or effecti$e speed #et-een t-o #odies is the difference of their speeds1
Note:The concept of )to and fro& motion in a straight line= is also an e%tension of the concept
of relati$e motion #et-een t-o #odies
E<am,le:T-o racing cars ha$e a relati$e speed of +8 km per hour 5f the faster car tra$els
at a speed of +4: km per hour= -hat is the speed of the slo-er car7
Solut!on:
The cars tra$el in the same directionThe relati$e speed is +8km per hour
Thus= the speed of the slo-er car is +4: I +8 ; +68 km per hour
T!me an$ Work:
%ule : If A can do a piece of work in D days, then A's 1 day's work = 1/D
%ule : If A's work efficiency is 2 times as compared to B then
Ratio of work done by A and B is 2 :1
Ratio of times taken by A and B to finish a work = 1 : 2 (inverse ratio)
5-+ A does a work in 10 days and B does the same work in 15 days. In how many days they
together will do the same work ?
So both will finish the work in 6 days
5-+ If A and B together can do a job in x days and A alone can do the same job in y days,
then how many days it taken by B to complete the same job ?
%ule : Let M1 person can do W1 work in D1 days with time T1 and M2 person can do W2
work in D2 days with time T2, then the relationship can be written as :

5-+ If 40 people can make 60 toys in 8 hrs, if 8 people leave the work, how many toys can
make in 12 hrs ?
Solution : here M1= 40, D1= 8 hrs, W1= 60, M2= 32, D2 =12 hrs, W2= ?
%ule : If A, B and C can do a work in x, y and z days respectively then all of them working
together can finish the work in :

5-+ A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days , B and C in 15 days and C and A can do in
20 days. How long would each take seperately to do the same work ?
A+B+C can do the work in 5*2= 10 days
5-+ If 3 men or 4 women can do a work in 43 days, how long will 7 men and 5 women take
to comlete the work ?
Solution:
3 men can complete 1 / 43 of work in a day
1 man can complete 1 /(43*3) work in a day
4 women can complete 1/ 43 of work in a day
1 woman can complete 1 / (43*4) of the work in a day
So, 7 men and 5 women will complete the work in 12 days
5-+ Seven men can complete a work in 12 days. They started the work and after 5 days,
two men left. In how many days will the work be completed by the remaning men ?
Soution :
7 men 1 day's work will be 1 / 12
1 man 1 day work will be 1 / (12*7) = 1 / 84
7 men 5 days work will be 5 / 12, so remaning work will be (1- 5/ 12) = 7 / 12
5 mens 1 day work will be 5 / 84
5-+ A man, a women and a boy can complete a job in 3, 4 and 12 days respectively. How
many boys must assist 1 man and 1 woman to complete the job in 1/4 of a day ?
Solution :
1 man's + 1 woman's one day work = 1 / 3 + 1 / 4 = 7 / 12
work done by 1 man + 1 woman in 1 / 4 day = (7 / 12 )*( 1 / 4 )= 7 / 48
So the work remains=(1-7/48)= 41 / 48
Also work done by one boy in 1 / 4 day = (1 / 12 )*(1 / 4 ) = 1 / 48
Since 1 / 48 work is done by 1 boy in 1 / 4 days
So 41 / 48 work can be done by ( 41 / 48 ) * (48 / 1) = 41
5-+ 10 men and 15 women together can complete a work in 6 days. It takes 100 days for
one man alone to complete the same work. How many days will be required for one woman
alone to complete the same work ?
Solution :
1 man's one day work = 1 / 100
(10 men's + 15 women's ) 1 day work= 1 / 6
15 women's one days work = (1 / 6 )- (10 / 100 ) = 1 / 15
1 woman 1 day work = ( 1 / 15* 15 ) = 1 / 225
So one woman will complete the work in 225 days
5-+ If 6 men and 8 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 26 men and 48 boys can
do the same in 2 days, the time taken by 15 men and 20 boys in doing the same type of
work will be :
Solution :
(6 men and 8 boys ) 1 day work = 1 / 10
Thie can be written as equeation form, let 1 man's one day work is M and one boy's one day
work is B
6 M + 8 B = 1 / 10
Similarly 15 M + 20 B = 1 / 2 on solving M = 1 / 100, B = 1 / 200
Now ( 15 men + 20 boy ) 1 day's work = ( 15 / 100 )+ ( 20 / 100 ) = 1 / 4
So 15 men and 20 boys can do the work in 4 days.
Aimple 5nterest and Compound 5nterest3
5nterest is mone" paid to the lender #" the borrower for using his mone" for a specified
period of time This article gi$es the #asic fundamentals of 5nterest= specificall" the Aimple
5nterest and the Compound 5nterest
The terms used in this topic and their general representation are3
5nterest '()= Xrincipal '*)= Time 'n+ n is e%pressed in num#er of periods= -hich is normall"
one "ear1= Rate of 5nterest 'r+ r is taken as the rate of interest on Re + for one "ear= instead
of the rate on Rs +,, 1= Amount 'A)
Mo&ing Trains :
%ule : When two trains are moving in opposite diections, then relatve speed will be the
addition of their individiual speeds.
%ule : When two trains are moving in same diection, then relatve speed will be the
subtrction of their individiual speeds.
%ule : On passing a platform by a certain train the net distance travelled is the sum of
length of train and the length of platform both.
%ule : When a train passes through a pole or person standing, net distance travelled to
pass is the length of the train
5-+ A train 120 m long is running at the speed of 54 km /hr. Find the time taken it to pass a
man standing near the railway track.
Solution : speed of train = [54 * ( 5 / 18 ) ] = 15 m / sec
length of train = 120 m , So required time :
5-+ A train is moving at a speed of 54 km / hr. If the length of the train is 100 meters, how
long will it take to cross a railway platform 110 meters long ?
Solution : speed of train = [54 * ( 5 / 18 ) ] = 15 m / sec
Distance covered in passing the platform = 100 + 110 = 210 m
5-+ Two trains 125 m and 100 m in length respectively are running in opposite directions,
one at the rate of 50 km / hr and the other at the rate of 40 km /hr. At what time they will
clear each other from the moment they meet ?
Solution : %elati&e s(eed of trains = (50 + 40) km / hr = [90 * ( 5 / 18 ) ] = 25 m / sec
Total length to be travelled = 125 + 100 = 225 m
5-+ Two trains 110 m and 100 m in length respectively are running in same directions, one
at the rate of 100 km / hr and the other at the rate of 64 km / hr. At what time faster train
will clear other train from the moment they meet ?
Solution : Since trains are running in same direction, so relati&e s(eed = 100-64 = 36
km / hr = [ 36 * ( 5 / 18 )] = 10 m / sec
Total length to be travelled = 110 + 100 = 210 m
5-+ A train 125 m in length, moves at a speed of 82 km / hr , In what time the train will
cross a boy who is walking at 8 km / hr in opposite direction ?
Solution : %elati&e s(eed = 82+8 = 90 km / hr = [ 90 * ( 5 / 18 )] = 25 m / sec
5-+ A train passes a standing pole on the platform in 5 seconds and passes the platform
completely in 20 seconds. If the length of the platform is 225 meters. Then find the length
of the train ?
Solution : Let the length of the train is x meter
So speed of train =( x / 5 ) m / sec
Also speed of train = ( 225 + x ) / 20 m/sec
5-+ Two trains of length 115 m and 110 m respectively run on parallel rails. When running
in the same direction the faster train passes the slower one in 25 seconds, but when they
are running in opposite directions with the same speeds as earlier, they pass each other in 5
seconds. Find the speed of each train ?
Solution :
Let the speed of trains be x m/sec and y m/sec espectively.
When they move in same direction their relative speed is : x - y
When they moves in opposite direction their relative speed is : x + y
On solving two equations x=27 m/s and y=18 m/sec
Tabulation
This page contains Tabulation Tutorial, questions based on tabulation, frequently asked
Tables and Graphs questions.
Tips for solving tables and graphs problems -
(1)= Read and view tables and diagram properly.
(2)= Put proper attention, what sum rows and sum of columns represents.
(3)= Take care regarding of units.
(4)= Try to understand the question, sometimes you can solve in your mind by just looking
at data.
(5)= Most of the questions can be solved by approximation, thus you can save time by
avoiding calculation.
5-+ Study the table and answers the questions.
Financial Statement of A company Over the years
(Rupees in Lakhs )
!ear
@ross
Turno&er
Pro*it be*ore
interesrt and
de(reciation
,nterest
%s+
e(rciation
%s+
Net
(ro*it
%s+
2000-01 1360.00 381.90 300.00 70.00 10.66
2001-02 1402.00 403.92 315.35 71.10 18.45
2002-03 1538.40 520.05 390.80 80.01 49.15
2003-04 2116.34 600.02 440.89 89.0 66.00
2005-06 2521.00 810.00 500.90 91.92 212.80
2006-07 2758.99 920.00 600.00 99.00 220.80
6 812 During which year did the 'Net Profit ' exceed Rs. 1 crore for the first time ?
(a) 2006-07 (b)2005-06 (c) 2003-04
(d) 2002-03 (e) None of these
Solution :By looking at the table we find option (b) as correct
6822 During which year was the " Gross Turnover " closet to thrice the 'Profit before
Interest and Depreciation' ?
(a) 2006-07 (b)2005-06 (c) 2003-04
(d) 2002-03 (e) 2001-02
Solution : Here we have to find out the ratio of "Gross turnover " to the "Profit before
Interest and Depreciation "
for 2006-07 ratio = 2758.99 / 920 = 3.0 , since we get answer by hit and trial of first option
only then we need not have to find other option.
So, correct option is (a) 2006-07
6832 During which of the given year did the 'Net profit ' form the highest proportion of the '
Profit before Interest and Depreciation ?
(a) 2005-06 (b) 2003-04 (c) 2002-03
(d) 2001-02 (e) 2000-01
Solution : Here we will find the reverse ths ratio between ( Profit before Interest and
Depreciation / Net Profit ) and try to find lowest ratio also we use approximation for saving
time
For 2005-06, 81 / 21 = 4 approx.
For 2003-04, 60 / 6.6 = 9 approx
For 2002-03, 520 / 50 = 10 approx
For 2001-02, 40 / 1.8 = 22 approx
For 2000-01, 380 / 10 = 38 approx
So, lowest ratio is for 2005-06 it means reverse ratio between (Net Profit / Profit before
Interest and Depreciation ) will be highest, so option (a) is correct
6842 Which of the following registered the lowest increase in terms of rupees from the year
2005-06 to the year 2006-07 ?
(a) Gross turnover (b) Profit before interest and depreciation (c) Depreciation
(d) Interest (e) Net Profit
Solution : We calculation with approximation in mind
(a) 2758 - 2520= 2200 approx.
(b) 92 -81 =11= 110 approx
(c) 99 - 91.92 = 08.09 approx
(d) 600 - 505 = 95 approx
(e) 220 - 212= 08 approx
So correct option is (e) Net profit
68"2 The gross Turnover for 2002-03 is of what percentage of the 'Gross Turnover ' for
2005-06 ?
(a) 61 (b) 163 (c) 0.611
(d) 39 (e) 0.006
Solution : 2002-03 Gross Turnover 1538.40
For 2005-06 Gross Turnover 2521.00
So option (a) is correct
5-+ Marks otained b' di**erent students in di**erent subCects
Students
SubCect 8Ma-imum Marks 2
Hindi
(100)
English
(100)
Maths
(100)
Social
std.
(100)
Science
(75)
Sanskrit
(50)
Phy.
Edu
(75)
Anupam 85 95 87 87 65 35 71
Bimal 72 97 55 77 62 41 64
Chaman 64 78 74 63 55 25 53
Devendar 65 62 69 81 70 40 50
Girish 92 82 81 79 49 30 61
Vivek 55 70 65 69 44 28 30
6812 How many students have scored the lowest marks in two or more subjects ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1
(d) 0 (e)4
Solution :Here option (a) is correct by looking at table we find Chaman and Vivek has
scored lowest marks in two or more subjects
Vivek in Hindi, Science, Phy. Edu
Chaman in Social std, Sanskrit
6822 Who has scored the highest marks in all the subjects together ?
(a) Devendar (b) Chaman (c) Anupam
(d) Girish (e)Bimal
Solution : For this calculate total toatal of each students in options
Devendar = 65 + 62 + 69 + 81 + 70 + 40 + 50 = 437
Chaman = 64 + 78 + 74 + 63 + 55 + 25 + 53 = 412
Anupam = 85 + 95 + 87 + 87 + 65 + 35 + 71 = 525
Girish = 92 + 82 + 81 + 79 + 49 + 30 + 61= 474
Bimal = 72 + 97 + 55 + 77 + 62 + 41 + 64 = 468
So correct option is (3) Anupam
6 832 What is the percentage of Devendar's marks (upto two digits after decimal) in all the
subjects together ?
(a) 88.63 (b) 77.38 (c) 67.83
(d) 62.83 (e)72.83
Solution : Devendar's total marks = 437
6 842 Marks obtained by Chaman in Hindi are what percentage of marks ( upto two digits
after decimal ) obtained by Anupam in the same subject ?
(a) 75.92 (b) 78.38 (c) 77.29
(d) 75.29 (e)72.83
Solution: Marks obtained in Hindi by Chaman = 64, by Anupam= 85
6 8"2 What are the average marks obtained by all the students together in Science ?
(a) 55.75 (b) 57.50 (c) 60.00
(d) 59.50 (e)58.00
Solution : Average maks obtained in Science =

So, option (b) true
:enn iagram
:enn iagram : Pictorial representation of sets by means of diagrams is termed as Venn
Diagrams.
5lements o* Sets : The objects in a set are termed as elements or members of sets.
Let A and B are two sets, such that
A= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }
B= { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 }
For this Venn Diagram representation will be :
Where,
A - B = This set has elments which are only in A
B - A = This set has elments which are only in B
A [ B is set which has comman elements both from A and B
Also number of elements in A B is same as number of elements in B A
So, n(A B) = n(B A)
Also, n(A [ B) = n(B [ A)
From Venn Diagram we can see that n(A) = n(A-B) + n(A[B) ...........(a)
Similarly, n(B) = n(B-A) + n(B[A) ............(b)
Also from Diagram we can write,
n(AB) = n(A-B) + n(A[B) + n(B-A) .............(c)
On adding (a) and (b)
n(A) + n(B) = n(A-B) + n(B-A) + n(A[B) + n(A[B)
or n(A) + n(B) - n(A[B) = n(A-B) + n(B-A) + n(A[B) ..................(d)
From equation (c) and (d) we can write
n8A42 D n8A2 E n842 9 n8AL42
5-+ Among 56 people collected in a dinner party, 24 eats non veg food but not veg food and
28 eats non-veg food.
6812D Find out how how many eat veg and non veg both ?
Solution : here n(NV) = 56 , n(N-V) = 24 and n(N) = 28
Now n(N) = n(N-V)+ n(N [V)
28=24+ n(N [V)
So, n(N [V) =4 , Hence 4 people eat veg and non veg both
6822 Find out how many of them eat Veg but not non veg ?
Solution : We can write n(NV) = n(N) + n(V) - n(N[V)
56 = 28 + n(V) - 4
n(V) = 32
Also, n(V) = n(V-N) + n(V[N)
32 = n(V-N) + 4
n(V-N) = 28, Hence 28 people eats Veg but not non veg
5-+ In a club of 48 people, 24 plays cricket and 16 plays cricket but not hockey. Find the
number of people in club who plays hockey but not cricket ?
Solution :Let C denotes the cricket and H denotes hockey, according to question,
n(CH)=48, n(C)=24 n(C-H)=16
Now n(C)= n(C - H) + n(C[H)
24 = 16 + n(C[H)
n(C[H)= 8
Now, n(CH)=n(C)+n(H)-n(C[H)
48 = 24 + n(H) - 8
n(H)=32
n(H)=n(H-C)+ n (H [C)
32 = n(H-C) + 8
n(H-C)= 32-8 = 24
So, people in club who plays hockey but not cricket are 24
5-+ In a society of 80 people, 42 read Times Of India and 35 read The Hindu, while 8 people
don not read any of the two news papers.
6812 Find the number of people , who read at least one of the two news papers .
Solution : Here total number of people are 80 out of which 8 do not read any news paper,
so 80 - 8 = 72 people read remaning two news papers
So, n(TH)=72, n(T)=42, n(H)=35
So, the number of people , who read at least one of the two news papers = n(TH)=72
6822 Find the number of people in society , who read both news papers .
Solution :n(TH) = n(T) + n(H) - n(T[H)
72 = 42 + 35 - n(T[H)
n(T[H) = 77 - 72 = 5
So, the number of people in society , who read both news papers = 5
5-+ In a society 50 % people read Times Of India, 25 % read The Hindu. 20 % read both
news papers. What % of people read neither Times Of India nor The Hindu ?
Solution : n(T)=50, n(H)=25, n(T[H)=20
n(TH) = n(T) + n(H) - n(T[H)
n(TH) = 50 + 25 - 20 = 55
Since 55 % people read either Times Of India or The Hindu , so remaning 100 - 55 = 45 %
So, 45 % of people read neither Times Of India nor The Hindu
4ar @ra(hs :
5-+ Production of steel by six different companies in three cosecutive years 1994-95-96( In
Lakh Tonnes ) are being given
6812 What is the difference between average production of the six companies in 1995 and
average production of the same companies in 1994 ?
Solution : Sum of production in 1995= 55+55+40+70+70+45=335
Sum of production in 1994=50+45+30+50+70+35=280
Difference=916666 tonnes.
6822 What is the % decline in production by company C from 1995 to 1996 ?
Solution :For company c production in 1995= 40 and in 1996=35
6832 Which of the following companies recorded the minimum % growth from 1994 to 1995
?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) F
Solution :On seeing graph it is clear that company E has recorded minimum growth from
1994 to 1995
6842 Production of company ' C ' in 1995 and production of company ' F ' in 1994 together
is what % of production of B in 1996 ?
Solution : Production of C in 1995 = 40 , Production of F in 1994 = 35
Sum = 75, production of B in 1996 = 60
68"2 In which of the following pairs of companies the difference between average
production for the three years is maximum ?
(a) E and F (b) D and F (c) E and C (d) A and E (e) None of these
Solution : From the graph we can see that highest production average is for company E
and Lowest production average is for company C, so difference between average production
for the three years is maximum for company E and C, So, option (c) is correct
5-+ Toatal sale of English and Hindi Newspapers in Five different Localities of a city are
given. ( Note : Do not get confused by axis of data, it is shown in cylendrical way, so value
is same as shown in y axis )
6812 What is the difference between the total sale of english Newspapers and total sale of
Hindi newspapers in all the localities together ?
(a) 6000 (b) 6500 (c) 70000 (4)7500 (5) None of these
Solution : Total Sum of all the English News papers = 7500 + 9000 + 9500 + 7000 + 6500
= 39500
Total Sum of all the Hindi News papers = 5500 + 8500 + 4500 + 9500 + 5000 = 33000
Difference = 39500 - 33000 = 6500, so o(tion 8b2 is correct
6822 The sale of English News paper in locality A is approximatley what % of the total sale
of english newspapers in all the localities together ?
(a) 527 (b) 25 (c) 111 (4)236 (5) 19
Solution : Total sum of sale of english newspapers in all the localities together = 39500 as
calculated above
Sale of English News paper in locality A = 7500 ( from fig. above )
So o(tion 8"2 is correct.
6832 What is the respective ratio of the sale of Hindi Newspapers in locality A to the sale of
Hindi Newspapers in locality D
(a) 11 : 19 (b) 6 : 5 (c) 5 : 6 (4)19 : 11 (5) None of these
Solution :sale of Hindi Newspapers in locality A=5500
sale of Hindi Newspapers in locality D=9500

So, o(tion 8a2 is correct
6842 The sale of English Newspaper in localities B and D together is approximately what %
of the sale English Newspaper in localities A, C and E together ?
(a) 162 (b) 84 (c) 68 (4)121 (5) 147
Solution : Sum of the sale of English Newspaper in localities B and D together = 9000 +
7000 = 16000
Sum of the sale of English Newspaper in localities A, C and E together = 7500 + 9500 +
6500 = 23500

So, option 8c2 is correct
68"2 What is the average sale of hindi news papers in all the localities together ?
(a) 6600 (b) 8250 (c) 5500 (4)4715 (5) None of these
Solution : Sum of the sale of Hindi Newspapers in all localities = 33000 as calculated in
Q(1)

So, o(tion 8a2 correct.
Tutorial9Fine @ra(hs :
5-+ Number of hotels in a state, according to years are given ( Study the given chart
carefully and then answer the questions accordingly )

6812 The approximate % increase in hotels from year 1989 to 1994 was
(a) 75 (b) 100 (c) 125 (d) 150 (e) 175
Solution :
Option (b) is correct
6822 If the number of newly made hotels in 1991 was less by 10 then what is the ratio of
the number of hotels in 1991 and that in 1990 ?
(a) 14 : 11 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 4 (e) 1 : 4
Solution : No of hotels in 1991 will be 570 - 10 = 560

Option (a) is correct
6832 If the % increase in the number of hotels from 1993 to 1994 continued up to 1995
then what is the number of hotels built in 1995 ?
(a) Minimum 75 (b) Minimum 70 (c) Minimum 50 (d) Minimum 139 (e)
Minimum 80
Solution : First find % increase in 1994 from 1993
Now 18 % of 838 = 150
So, nearest option is (d) Minimum 139 hotels
6842 In which of the given years increase in hotels in comparison to the previous year is
the maximum ?
(a) 1990 (b) 1991 (c) 1992 (d) 1993 (e) 1994
Solution :
So option (b) is correct
68"2 If increase in hotels from 1991 to 1992 is P % and increase in hotels from 1992 to
1994 is Q % , then which of the following relations between P and Q is true ?
(a) Data is inadequate (b) P < Q (c) P = Q (d) P > Q (e) None of
these
Solution : P % = 24.56 % from question (4)
Q % = 18.05 %
So P > Q, option (d) correct
5-+ % profit earned by two companies over the years is given in graph. Also

5-+ If the expenditure of Company B in 2000 was Rs. 200 crores, what was its income ?
(a) Rs. 240 crores (b) Rs. 220 crores (c) Rs. 160 crores (d) Can not be
determined (e) None of these.
Solution : Let income be Rs x crores so, we can use the above formula as
40 = x - 200
x= 240 crores
5-+ If the income of company A in 2002 was Rs. 600 crores. What was its expenditure ?
(a) Rs. 360 crores (b) Rs. 480 crores (c) Rs. 375 crores (d) Can not be determined (e) None
of these.
Solution : For company A in 2002 % profit was 60 % , Let expenditure be x crores , so
5-+ If the income of a company B in 1998 was Rs. 200 crores, what was its profit in 1999 ?
(a) Rs. 21.5 crores (b) Rs. 153 crores (c) Rs. 46.15 crores (d) Can not be determined (e)
None of these.
Solution : Profit can be calculated only when Income and expenditure of the given year
should be known. So, o(tion 8d2 is correct
5-+ If the Incomes of the two companies in 1998 were equal, what was the ratio of their
Expenditure ?
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 26 : 27 (c) 100 : 67 (d) Can not be determined (e) None of
these.
Solution : Let, the income of both companies be P, expenditure of A is E1 and expenditure
of B is E2 Now we can write,
So, option (b) is correct
5-+ What is the % increase in % profit for company B from year 2000 to 2001 ?
(a) 75 (b) 175 (c) 42.86 (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these.
Solution :
Tutorial9Pie /hart :
A Pie Chart is a pictorial representation of a numerical data by non intersecting adjecent
sectors of the circle such that area of each sector is proportional to the magnitude of the
data represented by the sector.
(a) The whole circle represents the total and the sectors, individual quantities.
(b) The sectors, are made considering the fact that the central angle is 360
(c) The central angle, 360 can be divided in the ratio of quantities given.
(d) Central angle or Angle of the sector is :

The number of students studying in different faculties in the years 2001 and 2002 from
state A is as follows
5-+ In which faculty there was decrease in the number of students from 2001 to 2002 ?
(a) Arts (b)Agriculture (c) Pharmacy (d)None (e) None of these
Solution : For Arts, Number of students in 2001 and 2002

For Agriculture Number of students in 2001 and 2002

For pharmacy % is already more and total number of students are already more in 2002, so
correct option will be for Agriculture, o(tion 8b2 is true
5-+ What is the ratio between the number of students studying pharmacy in the years 2001
and 2002 respectively ?
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 7 : 12 (e) None of these
Solution : Ratio between the number of students studying pharmacy in the years 2001 and
2002 =
Option (d) is true
5-+ What was the approximate percentage increase in the number of students of
Engineering from the year 2001 to 2002 ?
(a) 17 (b) 15 (c) 25 (d) 23 (e) 20
Solution : Number of engineering students in 2001 =
Number of engineering students in 2002 =
Total increase = 7600 - 6300 = 1300
5-+ In the year 2001, the number of students studying Arts and Commerce together is what
percentage of the number of students studying these subjects together in 2002 ?
(a) 76 (b) 85 (c) 82 (d) 79 (e) None of these
Solution : Number of students studying Arts and Commerce together in 2001 =
Number of students studying Arts and Commerce together in 2002 =
So, option (b) is true
5-+ In which of the following faculties the percent increase in the number of students was
minimum from 2001 to 2002 ?
(a) Arts (b) Science (c) Commerce (d) Medicine (e) Engineering
Solution : This question is quit lengthy, First find respective number of students in the
given years according to subjects
Arts Science Commerce Medicine Engineering
2001 4200 8400 7700 3850 6300
2002 4400 8800 9600 4000 7600
5-+ Study the given graph and table and answer the following questions given below. ( Total
population of all states given in Pie chart is 25 lakha )
In the year 1998 the data of different states regarding population of states
Se- and literac' wise (o(ulation ratio
States Se- Fiterac'
M > Fiterate ,lliterate
U P 5 3 2 7
Bihar 3 1 1 4
A P 2 3 2 1
Kar 3 5 3 2
MH 3 4 5 1
T N 3 3 7 2
Kerala 3 4 9 4
6812 Approximately what is the total number of literate people in MH and Kar together ?
(a) 4.5 lakhs (b) 6.5 Lakhs (c) 3 lakh (d) 3.5 lakhs (e) 6 lakhs
Solution : Population of Kar is 15 %
So, Total number of literate people in Kar is :
Population of MH is 11 %
So, number of literate people in MH and Kar together = 2.29 + 2.25 = 4.54 lakhs
So, option (a) is correct
6822+ Approximately what will be the percentage of total male in UP , MH and kerala of the
total population of the given states ?
(a) 20% (b) 18% (c) 28% (d) 30% (e) 25%
Solution : Population in UP is 25 %
Population in MH = 2.75 lakhs from Q(1)
Population in Kerala = 8 %
So, Sum of male population of UP, MH and kerala = 3.93 + 1.17 + 0.85 = 5.95 lakhs
option (e) correct
Alliagations And Mi-tures91 :
Alligation 9 In this we find the proportion in which ingredients at given prices must be
mixed to produce a mixture at a given price, this is termed as alligation.
Alligation method can not be applied for absolute values, but it can be applied for Qestion
related to Ratio, Rate, Percentage, Speed etc ( Means it can be applied for comparable
values like per hour, per km , per kg etc. )
%ule o* Alligation : If gradients are mixed in a ratio then we can write

5-+ In what proportion must weat at Price 4.10 per kg must be mixed with weat at Price
4.60 per kg, so that the mixture be worth Rs 4.30 a Kg ?
Solution : Here, CP of unit quantity of Dearer = 460 per kg , CP of unit quantity of Cheaper
= 410 per kg
So we can use above formuls :
So, the required ratio be 3 : 2
5-+ How many kg of rice at Rs. 60 per kg, must be be mixed with 30 kg of rice at Rs 25 per
kg, so that he may on selling the mixture at Rs 50 per kg gain 25 % on the outlay ?
Solution : First we have to find cost price of mixture, as seller is gaining 25 % profit on
mixture so its cost price will be

Now use the formula of alligation to find to find out quantity of dearer rice,
(Note : Here mean price will be CP of mixture, do not get confused by Selling price Rs 50
per kg )
5-+ A mixture of certain quantity of milk with 20 liters of water of worth Rs 10 per liter. If
pure milk is of worth Rs 15 per liter, how much milk is there in the mixture ?
Solution : By rule of alligation

So, Quantity of milk will be 40 liters
5-+ In what proportion must water be mixed with milk to gain 20 % by selling it at cost
price ?
Solution : Let cost price of milk be Rs 1 per liter, then S.P of mixture is also Rs 1 per liter
Now CP of mixture be = 1 - ( 20 % of Rs 1 ) = 1 - ( 20 * 1 / 100 ) = 80 / 100 = Rs 4 / 5
Required ratio = 1 : 4
6uestion based on Mi-ture *rom two &essels 8 Note : >re=uentl' asked in M4A
entrance e-ams 2
5-+ Milk and water are mixed in a vessel A in the ratio 5 : 3 and in vessel B in ratio 9 : 7 .
In what ratio should quantities be taken from the two vessels so as to form a mixture in
which milk and water will be in the proportion of 7 : 5 ?
Solution : In vessel A, milk = 5 / 5 + 3 = 5 / 8 of the weight of mixture
In vessel B milk = 9 / 9 + 7 = 9 / 16 of the weight of mixture
Now, we have to form a mixture in which milk be 7 / 12 of the weight of the mixture
Now according to rule of alligation :

5-+ A goldsmith has two qualities of gold, one of %9 carats and another of %* carates purity. n
what proportion should he mi! both to make an ornament of %' carats purity #
Solution : 2y applying rule of alligations

1o both qualities of gold should be mi!ed in the ratio of ) 5 '
5-+ (99 gm spirit solution has (9 @ spirit in it , "ow may grams of spirit should be added to
make it 69 @ in the solution #
Solution : 2y applying rule of alligations and mi!tures

1o, the two mi!tures should be added in ratio ' 5 %
Coding / Decoding is a method of transmitting a message between the sender and the
receiver which third person can not understand.
Any word or message can be coded in many ways. In this candidate has to find the coding
rule so that he can either code or decode the message in similar way
There are several ways of CODING letters of English alphabets, some consequently used are
as follows-
812 5nglish al(habets Position *rom le*t to right :9
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
822 5nglish al(habets (osition *rom %ight to le*t :9
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
M L K J I H G F E D C A B
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
832 Series o* o((osite 5nglish Al(habets :9
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
5-+ In a certain code DESIRABLE is written as JTFEQFMCB, how is DIMENSION written in
that code ?
(a) FNJEMTJPO (b) FNJEOOPJT (c) FNJEMOPJT (d) EJNFMOPJT (e) None of
these
Solution : To solve these type of problems, first put the letters one above other and
analyse carefully :
D E S I R A B L E
J T F E Q F M C B
Now on identifying the pattern apply to word DIMENSION
D I M E N S I O N
F N J E M O P J T
So correct option is (c) FNJEMOPJT
5-+ In a certain code APLOMB is written as CNNMQB. How DISPEL is written in that code ?
(a) MFTOJE (b) MFOTJE (c) EJMFOT (d) FMOTEJ (e) None of these
Solution : Look out the words APLOMB and CNNMQB , analyse carefully and try to find out
relation between the words position:

Now code the word DISPEL in similar way
So, the correct option is (b)
5-+ In a certain code BURGEON is written as QTAGOPF. How OBTRUDE is written in that
code ?
(a) SAMRFEU (b) UEFRNAS (c) SAFEMRU (d) SANRFEU (e) None of these
Solution :9 Look out the words BURGEON and QTAGOPF , analyse carefully and try to find
out relation between the words position:

Now code the word OBTRUDE in similar way

So the correct option is (d)
5-+ In a certain code ACOLYTEiswritten as PDBKFUZ. How BURNISH is written in that code ?
(a) SVAMGTJ (b) STCMIRJ (c) SVCMITJ (d) QVAMGTH (e) None of these
Solution :9 Look out the words BURGEON and QTAGOPF , analyse carefully and try to find
out relation between the words position:
Now code the word BURGEON in similar way
So the correct option is (C)
/oding @rou( o* words
Here a sentence or a group of words is coded and candidates have to find the given word .
5-+ In a certain code language 'Tom Eat' means 'Sleep Cat' and 'Eat Ball' means 'Roads
Sleep'. What is the code for 'Sleep' in that code language ?
Solution :9 Tom Eat -> Sleep Cat
Eat Ball -> Roads Sleep
In both the sentences common word is Sleep and Eat, so, the code for Sleep is Eat.
5-+ In a certain code language ' tik sa tu ' means ' he is what ' ; ' sa pa na ju ' means ' what
can go there ' ; ' rn na le ' means ' go and by ' ; What does 'tik means in that code language
?
Solution :
tik sa tu -> he is what
sa pa na ju -> what can go there
rn na le -> go and by
So, tik means he or is
5-+ In a certain code , 'pick and choose' is written as 'ko ho po' and 'pick up and come' is
written as 'to no ko po'. How is pick written in that code ?
(a) ko (b) po (c) Either ko or po (d) Cannot be determined (e) None of these
( Bank Po Exam-
2006 )
Solution :9 pick and choose -> ko ho po
pick up and come -> to no ko po
So correct option is 8c2 5ither ko or (o
5-+ In a certain code langauge 'pic na ha' means 'who is there' , ' na ta ka ' means ' what is
that ' and ' ha ja pa ' means ' here and there ' . Which of the following means ' here ' in the
that code langauge ?
(a) ha (b) pa (c) ja (d) pa or ja (e) None of these
Solution :9 pic na ha - > who is there
na ta ka -> what is that
ha ja pa -> here and there
So, correct option is (d) pa or ja
:erbal %easoning9 /oding o* word and s'mbols
5-+ In each question below a group of letters is given followed by four combinations of
digits or symbols numbered (a), (b), (c) and (d). You have to find out which of the
combinations correctly represents the group of letters based on the following coding system
and the conditions those follow and give the number of that combination as the answer. If
none of the combination correctly represents give option (e) none of these as the answer.
Fetter : P M A J E T K I R B U F H
/ode : 5 6 1 # 9 2 8 $ 3 @ 7 4
/ondition : 812 If the first letter is a vowel and the last letter is a consonant, both are to
be coded as G
6812 IKBUTA
(a) $8@721 (b) *8@72* (c) %8@72% (d) *8@72% (e) None of these
Solution : I K B U T A
$ 8 @ 7 2 1
Here first and last both letters are vowels, So option (a) is correct
6822+ EMPRJH
(a) 9653#4 (b) *9653# (c) %653#% (d) *653#* (e) None of these
Solution : E M P R J H
* 6 5 3 # *
Here first letter is vowel and last is consonant, so condition (1) is applied
6832 IPAUHM
(a) *5174* (b) %5174% (c) $51746 (d) $51476 (e) None of these
Solution : I P A U H M
* 5 1 7 4 *
Here condition (1) is applied
6842 RFHKJA
(a) 348 (b) 483#1 (c) *48#* (d) %48#% (e) None of these
Solution : R F H K J A
% 4 8 # %
Here first letter is consonant and the last is vowel, so condition (2) is applied
68"2 TMRBFJ
(a) *63@* (b) %63@% (c) 236@# (d) 263@# (e) None of these
Solution : T M R B F J
2 6 3 @ #
Both (1) and (2) not get full filled so simple coding is to be done.
68#2 KTJUFA
(a) 82#71 (b) *2#7* (c) %2#7% (d) $2#71 (e) None of these
Solution : K T J U F A
% 2 # 7 %
Here condition (2) is satisfied.
68$2 UMBKPE
(a) *6@85* (b) 76@85 (c) *6@85 (d) 76@85% (e) None of these
Solution : U M B K P E
7 6 @ 8 5 9
Here first and lst both words are vowels so none of the conditions get satisfied , so normal
coding is to be done.
:erbal reasoning tutorial9 irection and istance

(a) North N, East E, South S and West W are four directions.
(b) While South-East (SE), South-West (SW), North West (NW) and North-East (NE) are
four cardinal directions
5-+ Alok started walking towards South. He took right turn after walking 15 meters. He
again took a left turn after walking 25 meters. Which direction he is facing now ?
(a) South (b) North (c) West (d) East (e) Can not be determined.
Solution :9 let us understand by diagram

Clearly he is facing South direction, so option (a) is correct
5-+ Rakesh walked 35 meters towards east and took a right turn and walked 45 meters. He
again took right turn and walked 55 meters. Towards which direction is he from his starting
point ?
(a) South (b) West (c) South West (d) South East (e) None of these
Solution :9 let us look at the diagram
So, the correct option is towards South-West (c)
5-+ A man facing towards East. He turns 45 in anticlock wise direction and then another
180 in the same directionand then 270 in clockwise direction . Which direction is he facing
now ?
(a) South-East (b) South (c) South-West (d) North-West (e) None of these
Solution :Let us look the diagram
So , the correct option is Towards SE option (a)
5-+ A boy in search of his pet dog, he went 90 meters in East before turning to his right. He
went 20 meters before turning to his right again to look for his dog at his uncle's place 30
meters from this point. His dog was not there, from there he went 100 meters to his north
there found his dog. How far did the boy meet his dog from starting point ?
(a) 80 meters (b) 100 meters (c) 140 meters (d) 260 meters (e) None of these
Solution :9 Look at the diagram

So, required distance AC can be calculated as :
So, correct option is (b)
5-+ A man walks 1 km towards East and then he turns to South and walks 5 km. Again he
turns to East and walks 2 k, after this he turns to North and walks 9 km. Now, how far is he
from his starting point ?
(a) 3 km (b) 4 km (c) 5 km (d) 7 km (e) None of these
Solution :9 Let's look at the image

So, the correct option is (c)
5-+ The door of Ramesh's house faces the east. From the back side of his house, he walks
straight 50 meters, then turns to the right and walks 50 meters again. Finally , he turns
towards left and stops after walking 25 meters. Now, Ramesh is in which directon from the
starting point ?
(a) South-East (b) North-East (c) South-West (d) North-West (e) None of these
Solution :9 let us look at the diagram
So the required direction is North-West, option (d) is correct
5-+ Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :-
(a) Six flats on floor in two rows facing North and South are alloted to P, Q , R, S, T and U.
(b) Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S.
(c) S and U get diagonally opposite flats
(d) R, next to U, gets a South facing flat and T gets a North facing flat.
812 Which of the following combinations get south facing flats ?
(a) Q T S (b) U P T (c) U R P (d) Data not sufficient (e) None of these
Solution :9 In statement (b) Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S means

In statement (c) S and U get diagonally opposite flats means

In statement (d) R next to U, gets a South facing flat and T gets a North facing flat means

So, South Facing flats are (c) U R P
822 Whose flat is between Q and S ?
(a) T (b) U (c) R (d) P (e) None of these
Solution : T, option (a) correct
832 If the flats of T and P are interchanged, whose flat will be next to that of U ?
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) T (e) none of these
Solution : By this interchanged flat next to U remain unchanged, So option (c) is correct ,
flat R
5-+ The flats of which of the other pairs than SU, is diagonally opposite to each other ?
(a) QP (b) QR (c) PT (d) TS (e) None of these
Solution :9 Q P option (a) is correct
:erbal %easoning9PuHHle Test
To solve the problems examining and re examining the problem situation from every point
of view is to be done. questions are of following types
(a) Comprasion Type
(b) Seating Arrangements
(c) Problems based on blood relationship
(d) Classification Type
(e) Jumbled type prolems
Read the following information carefuly and answer the questions given below :-
P, Q, R, S, T, V and W are sitting around a circle facing at centre. R is third to the right of V
who is second to the right of P. T is second to the left of Q who is second to the left of W. V
is sitting between S and W.
6812 Who is to the immediate left of R ?
(a) Q (b) T (c) P (d) Data inediquate (e) none of these
Let's solve step by step:- R is third to the right of : who is second to the right o* P

R is third to the right of V

V is sitting between S and W.

T is second to the left of Q who is second to the left of W, So in this case only this structure
is possible.

So immediate left of R is T option (b) correct
6822 Who is third to the left of T ?
(a) P (b) S (c) V (d) W (e) none of these
Solution:9 Option is (d) W
6832 Who is sitting between T and V ?
(a) R (b) S (c) None (d) data inadequate (e) none of these
Solution : Correct option is (b) S
6842 Who is sitting between R and W ?
(a) Q only (b) P only (c) P and T (d) data inadequate (e) none of these
Solution :9 Between R and W PQ and TSV are sitting so, correct option is (e) none of these
5-+ In a school, there were five teachers. A and B were teaching Hindi and English. C and B
were teaching English and Geography. D and A were teaching Mathematics and Hindi. E and
B were teaching History and French.
6812 Who among the teachers was teaching maximium number of subjects ?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
Solution :9 Let's make a table for analysis
English Hindi Mathematics Geography History French
A Yes Yes Yes
B Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
C Yes Yes
D Yes Yes
E Yes Yes
So, maximum number of subjects was taught by B, option (b) is correct
6822 Which of the folowing pairs was teaching both Geography and Hindi ?
(a) A and B (b) B and C (c) C and A (d) D and B (e) None of these
Solution :9 By seeing on table only B teaches Geography and Hindi
6832 More than two teachers were teahing which subjects ?
(a) History (b) Hindi (c) French (d) Geography (e) Mathematics
Solution :9 Hindi is being taught by three teachers A, B and D So option (b) is correct
6842+ D, B and A were teaching which of the following subjects ?
(a) English only (b) Hindi and English (c) Hindi only (d) English and Geography
(e) Mathematics and Hindi
Solution :- Hindi only , option (c) is correct
68"2 Which among the teachers was teaching less than two subjects ?
(a) A (b) B (c) D (d) Data inadequate (e) There is no such teachers
Solution :- Option (e) is correct, all are teaching two or more than two subjects
Study the following information carefully and and answer the questions given below :-
P, Q, R, S, T, V, W and Z are eight friends studying in three different engineering colleges-
A, B and C in three disciplines- Mechanical, Electrical and Electronics with not less than two
and not more than three in any college. Not more than three of them study in any of the
three disciplines. W studies Electrical in college B with only T who studies Mechnical. P and Z
do not study in college C and study in same discipline but not Electrical. R studies Mechnical
in college C with V who studies Electrical. S studies Mechnical and does not study in the
same college where R studies. Q does not study Electronics.
6812 Which of the following combinations of college-students-specialization is correct ?
(a) C-R-Electonics (b) A-Z-Electrical (c) B-W-Electronics (d) B-W-Electrical (e) B-Z-
Electronics
Solution :9 Friends kindly analyze carefully
Mechnical Electronics Electrical
A
B
C
R studies Mechnical in college C with V who studies Electrical.
W studies Electrical in college B with only T who studies Mechnical.
A
B T W
C R V
P and Z do not study in college C and study in same discipline but not Electrical.
S studies Mechnical and does not study in the same college where R studies.
A S P and Z
B T P and Z W
C R V
Q does not study Electronics.
## Not less than two and not more than three in any college.
##Not more than three of them study in any of the three disciplines.
A S P , Z
B T W, Q
C R V
So option, B-W-Electrical is correct (d)
6822 In which of the following colleges two students study in electrical discipline ?
(a) A only (b) B only (c) C only (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these
Solution : Option (b) W and Q in college B
6832 In which discipline does Q study ?
(a) Electrical (b) Mechnical (c) Electrical or Mechnical (d) Data inadequate (e) None
of these
Solution :- Option (a) Electrical is correct
6842 In which of the clooeges at least one student in Mechnical discipline ?
(a) A only (b)B only (c) C only (d) Both A and B (e) All A, B and C
Solution :9 Option (e) all A, B and C
68"2 S studies in which college ?
(a) A (b)B (c) A or B (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these
Solution :9 Option (a) A
:erbal %easoning9PuHHle Test92 .
5-+ Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J and L are seated around a square table -Two on each
side.
There are three lady menbers and they donot seated next to each other.
J is between L and F
G is between I and F
H, a lady member is second to the left of J.
F a male member, E a lady member seated third to the left of F
There is a lady member between F and I.
6812 Who among the following is seated between E and H ?
(a) F (b) I (c) J (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these.
Solution:9 Let L be at this place then J will be at this place see in fig

Now, G is between I and F

H, a lady member is second to the left of J

F a male member, E a lady member seated third to the left of F
There is a lady member between F and I.

6812 Who among the following is seated between E and H ?
(a) F (b) I (c) J (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these
Solution :9 K is between H and E , so correct option is (e)
6822 How many persons are seated between K and F ?
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these
Solution :9 E, I and G total three persons. option (c) is correct
6832 Who among the following are the three lady members ?
(a) E, G and J (b) E, H and G (c) G, H and J (d) Can not be determined (e) None of
these
Solution :9E, G, H so option (b) is correct
6842 Who among the following is to the immediate left of F ?
(a) G (b) I (c) J (d) Can not be determined (e) None of these
Solution :9 J, correct option is (c)
68"2 Which of the following is true about J ?
(a) J is a male member (b) J is a female member (c) Sex of J can not be determined
(d) Position of J can not be determined (e) None of these
Solution :9There are only three female members ( E, G, H ), so rest of them are male
members, option (a) is correct
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below :
B, C , D, F, G, H and J are seven students studying in three colleges P, Q and R. There are
three boys and four girls. There are at least one boy and one girl in each college. Three of
them are in commerce discipline and two each in Arts and Science. B and her sister G are in
science discipline but in different colleges. F studies Arts in in college Q and he does not
study either with J or C. D is not in Commerce and he studies in college R only with B. All
the three from Commerce discipline do not study in the same college. H studies in the same
college with her friend G.
Solution:9Let us analyse the question in seperate statements
(1) Three of them are in commerce discipline and two each in Arts and Science.
(2) B and her sister G are in science discipline but in different colleges.
(3) F studies Arts in in college Q and he does not study either with J or C.
(4) D is not in Commerce and he studies in college R only with B.
(5) All the three from Commerce discipline do not study in the same college.
(6) H studies in the same college with her friend G.
First we select simple condition (3) F studies Arts in in college Q and he does not study
either with J or C.
College P
College Q F Arts Boy
College R D Boy
(4) D is not in Commerce and he studies in college R only with B.
College P
College R
D
B

Boy

(2) B and her sister G are in science discipline but in different colleges.
College P
College R
D
B

Science
Boy
Girl
(6) H studies in the same college with her friend G means both are girls
College P
College Q
F
H
G
Arts

Science
Boy
Girl
Girl
College R
D
B

Science
Boy
Girl
Again from statement (4) D is not in Commerce and he studies in college R only with B. So,
D will be from Arts, as B and G are from science
College P
College Q
F
H
G
Arts

Science
Boy
Girl
Girl
College R
D
B
Arts
Science
Boy
Girl
Remaning we can get from (3) F studies Arts in in college Q and he does not study either
with J or C. J, C will be remaning Commerce stream and study in college P but sex is not
determined. H will also from commerce stream
College P
J
C
Commerce
Commerce
Boy or Girl
Boy or Girl
College Q
F
H
G
Arts
Commerce
Science
Boy
Girl
Girl
College R
D
B
Arts
Science
Boy
Girl
6812 In which college do only Commerece students study ?
(a) None (b) Q (c) R (d) P (e) P or Q
Solution :9 College P Option (d)
6822 If C and B interchange their colleges satisfying all other conditions, which of the
following will definitely represent the girls ?
(a) BCHD (b) BCHG (c) BFHG (d) DCHF (e) None of these
Solution:9 If C and B interchange their position then C must be a girl, so BCHG will be
girls , so option (b) correct
6832 Which of the following represents the three in commerce discipline ?
(a) HJC (b) HDC (c) HFG (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these
Solution:9 option (a) HCJ is correct
6842 In which college do three of them study ?
(a) P (b) R (c) P or Q (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these
Solution :9 Correct option is (e) none of these because all three students read in P and Q
68"2 Which of the following represents three Boys ?
(a) DFJ (b) DFC (c) DFJ or DFC (d) Data inadequate (e) None of these
Solution:9 Correct option is (c)
>inding Missing /haracters:9
In this section, there are some figures given which which reflects some patterns, on basis of
which you have to find the missing characters, always try to find the hidden PATTERN to
solve these problems.
6812 Find out the missing number:-
4 6 18
2 3 2
3 4 ?
6 8 27
Solution:9 In first column and second column we find
So missing character will be 3
6 822 Find the missing character in the figure

Solution:9 in first figure :-
In second figure :-
6832 Find the missing character from the given figure ?
Solution :9 On looking the figure we find the given pattern
6842 Find out the missing number in second triangle ?

Solution :9 Just look the patterns of ouside numbers in triangle 1 and 3 we get the
conclusion ,
68"2 Find the missing number in figure 3 rd ?
Solution:9First analyse the figure 1 and figure 2 and try to get relationship
68#2 Find out the missing character ?
9B 6A 3B
5C 2B ?
4A 8C 2A
(a) 12 A (b) 5C (c) 7B (d) 4C
Solution:9 Here each column contains A,B,C, so one of missing character in 3rd column will
be C
Each column has sum of two numbers equal to third, 4 + 5 = 9 and 6 + 2 = 8, therefore
3+2= 5 , so Ans is 5C
68$2 Find the the missing characters in the given table.
?
Solution:9 in any row multiple of first two column numbers is equal to third column number
68.2 Find the missing characters ?
Z4 X3 V9
E6 C2 ?
T5 R4 P15
(a) E10 (b)E12 (c) A10 (d) A12
Solution:9 Here each row letters are alternative alphabets, Z, X, V OR T, R, P Similarly E, C
then A
also numbers in each column are in arithmetic series, 4, 5, 6 and 3, 2, 4 So 9, 15 then 12
Therefore required answer is A12
Arithmetical %easoning Part91
6812 A bus driver knows four different routes from Delhi to Bareli, he knows three different
routes from Bareli to Lucknow and two different routes from Lucknow to Gorakhpur. How
many different routes he knows from Delhi to Gorakhpur ?
(a) 24 routes (b) 12 routes (c) 20 routes (d) 8 routes (e) None of these
Solution:9 Total number of routes from Delhi to Gorakhpur= 432=24
6822 Krishna was to earn Rs 4000 and a free holiday for eight weeks work. He worked for
only 3 weeks an earned and Rs. 1200 and a free holiday. what was the value of holiday ?
Solution:9Let the cost of holiday was Rs x then,
Pay for 8 weeks work = 4000 + x

x= 480, option c is correct
6832 The diagram given below, In this 400 candidates appeared in an examination. The
diagram gives the number f students who failed in subjects Maths, English and Science.
What is the percentage of students who failed in at least two subjects ?

Solution :9 Number of students who failed in at least two subjects = number of students
who failed in two or more sujects = 12 + 8 + 8 + 6 = 34
6842 Ram has some mangoes to distributes among his students. If he keep 4, 5, 6 in a pack
he left with one mango, But if he keeps 11 mangoes in a pack left with no mangoes. What is
the minimum number of mangoes he has to distribute ?
Solution :9The required number will be such that it will produce a remainder 1 when divided
by 4, 5 and 6 but gives no remainder when divided by 11, So, the required number of
mangoes will be 121, option (c) is correct.
68"2 In a school, 65 % students plays cricket, 40 % plays football and 25 % plays both
foolball and cricket. What percentage of students neighter plays cricket nor plays football ?
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 15
Solution:9Let the total number of students are 100

Let Cricket represents C, Football as F Then
C + 25 = 65, C=40
F + 25 = 40, F = 15
Number of students neighter plays cricket nor plays football = 100 - ( C + F + 25 ) = 20
% , Option (c) is correct
68#2 Three quantities A, B and C are such that AB = KC, where K is a constant. When A is
kept constant, B varies directly as C, When B is kept constant , A varies directly C and when
C is kept constant, A varies inversly as B. Initially , A was at 5 and A : B : C was 1 : 3 : 5.
Find the value of A when B equals 9 at constant C.
(a) 8.33 (b) 8 (c) 9.25 (d) 9.55
Solution :9 Initially when A : B : C = 1 : 3 : 5 and A = 5, then B = 15 and C = 25
AB = KC (given), So, 5 15 = K 25
So K = 3, Now equation becomes AB = 3C
When B = 9 at constant C, A 9 = 3 25
A = 8.33 option A is correct.
68$2 A car travels from A to B at V1 km/hr, travels back from B to A at V2 km/hr and again
goes back from A to B at V2 km/hr. The average speed of the car is :

Solution :9 Let the distance between two cities be A Km, Then average speed:
Option (c) is correct
68.2 A, B, C, D and E play a game of cards. A says to B " If you give me 3 cards, you will
have as I have at this moment while if D takes 5 cards from you, he will have as many as E
has ". A and C together have twice as many cards as E has. B and D together also have the
same number of cards as A and C taken together . If together they have 150 cards. How
many cards C has ?
(a) 22 (b) 24 (c) 26 (d) 28 (e) 30 ( asked in CAT )
Solution :9 Here , A + B + C + D + E = 150
A = B - 3
A + C = 2E
D + 5 = E
B + D = A + C = 2 E
2 E + 2 E + E = 150, E = 30
D + 5 = 30 , D = 25
B + 25 = 2 30 B = 35
A = 35 - 3 = 32
32 + C = 2 30 C = 28 option ( d ) is correct
3ne?ual!t0
0bsolute 4alue
T%e absolute &alue of a number measures its distance to t%e origin on t%e real number line.
Since < is at < units distance from t%e origin 8, t%e absolute &alue of < is <, S<S3<. Since '< is also at a
distance of < units from t%e origin, t%e absolute &alue of '< is <, S'<S3<
5ne6uality ,e are ready for our first inequality. ?ind t%e set of solutions for SxST<. Translate into
Inglis%@ $e are looking for t%ose real numbers x $%ose distance from t%e origin is less t%an < units.
Pb&iously $e are talking about t%e inter&al !'<,<"@ so all t%e &alues of U are '7 , '; , '- , '+ , 8 , +, - , ; , 7 .
?or t%e equation SxS VWX <, t%e solution $ill include < H '< $it% t%e set of ot%er numbers.
Sol&ing linear inequalities is &ery similar to sol&ing linear equations, except for one detail@ you flip t%e
inequality sign $%ene&er you multiply or di&ide t%e inequality by a negati&e. T%e easiest $ay to s%o$ t%is
is $it% some examples
U 0 ; T - add '; to bot% t%e site
' ; ';
'''''''''''''''''''
U T '+
T%e only difference %ere is t%at you %a&e a Yless t%anY sign, instead of an YequalsY sign
*asic Rules
a T b implies t%at b 4 a implies t%at b'a 4 8
(nd
a VWX b implies t%at b VWZ a implies t%at b'a 4 8 or b 3 a.
5ere are some rules for ordering real numbers. Try pro&ing t%ese yourself
Let a, b, c and d be real numbers@
+"a T 8 and b T 8 implies t%at ab 4 8.
-"a T b and b T c implies t%at a T c.
;"a T b implies t%at a 0 c T b 0 c.
7"a T b and c 4 8 implies t%at ac T bc
<"a T b and c T 8 implies t%at ac 4 bc. Kultiplying by a negati&e number re&erses t%e inequality.
9"a 4 + implies t%at a
-
4 a.
J"8 T a T + implies t%at a
-
T a
="8 a T b implies t%at a
-
T b
-
F"
8 a, 8 b, and a
-
T b
-
implies t%at a T b.
>o$ t%at $e %a&e all of t%ese rules, $e can start sol&ing inequalities. T%is is done by manipulating t%e
inequality into a form t%at %as t%e &ariable on one side and %as a real expression on t%e ot%er side of t%e
inequality. ?or instance, if t%e &ariable is x and t%e real expression is represented by a t%en t%e final form
of t%e inequality is one of t%e follo$ing@
x 4 a
x a
x T a
x a
7olving 5,819025T587
#n t%is section, you $ill learn %o$ so sol&e inequalities. YSol&ing)) an inequality means finding all of its
solutions. ( Ysolution)) of an inequality is a number $%ic% $%en substituted for t%e &ariable makes t%e
inequality a true statement.
5ere is an example@ Consider t%e inequality U V[\ - 4 <.
,%en $e substitute = for x, t%e inequality becomes ='- 4 <. T%us, x3= is a solution of t%e inequality. Pn
t%e ot%er %and, substituting '- for x yields t%e false statement !'-"'- 4 <. T%us x 3 '- is >PT a solution of
t%e inequality. #nequalities usually %a&e many solutions.
(s in t%e case of sol&ing equations, t%ere are certain manipulations of t%e inequality $%ic% do not c%ange
t%e solutions. 5ere is a list of Ypermissible)) manipulations@
.ule +. (dding:subtracting t%e same number on bot% sides.
8:ample: T%e inequality x'-4< %as t%e same solutions as t%e inequality x 4 J. !T%e second inequality
$as obtained from t%e first one by adding - on bot% sides."
.ule -. S$itc%ing sides and c%anging t%e orientation of t%e inequality sign .
8:ample: T%e inequality <'x4 7 %as t%e same solutions as t%e inequality 7 T < ' x. !,e %a&e s$itc%ed
sides and turned t%e ]]4)) into a ]]T))".
Last, but not least, t%e operation $%ic% is at t%e source of all t%e trouble $it% inequalities@
.ule ;a. Kultiplying:di&iding by t%e same PPS#T#^I number on bot% sides.
.ule ;b. Kultiplying:di&iding by t%e same >IG(T#^I number on bot% sides (>D c%anging t%e
orientation of t%e inequality sign.
8:amples: T%is sounds %armless enoug%. T%e inequality -xT9 %as t%e same solutions as t%e inequality
xT;. !,e di&ided by 0- on bot% sides".
T%e inequality '-x 4 7 %as t%e same solutions as t%e inequality xT '-. !,e di&ided by !'-" on bot% sides
and s$itc%ed Y4)) to YT))."
But .ule ; pro%ibits fancier mo&es @ T%e inequality x_` 4 x DPIS >PT %a&e t%e same solutions as t%e
inequality x 4 +. !,e $ere planning on di&iding bot% sides by x, but $e can)t, because $e do not kno$ at
t%is point $%et%er x $ill be positi&e or negati&eN" #n fact, it is easy to c%eck t%at x 3 '- sol&es t%e first
inequality, but does not sol&e t%e second inequality.
Pnly ]]easy)) inequalities are sol&ed using t%ese t%ree rulesD most inequalities are sol&ed by using different
tec%niques.
Let)s sol&e some inequalities@
8:ample : /onsider the ine6uality $: ; & < =
T%e basic strategy for inequalities and equations is t%e same@ isolate x on one side, and put t%e Yot%er
stuffY on t%e ot%er side. ?ollo$ing t%is strategy, let)s mo&e 0< to t%e rig%t side. ,e accomplis% t%is by
subtracting < on bot% sides !.ule +" to obtain
!-x 0 < " V[\ < T J V[\ <,
after simplification $e obtain -x T -
Pnce $e di&ide by 0- on bot% sides !.ule ;a", $e %a&e succeeded in isolating x on t%e left@ -x:- T -:- or
simplified, x T +
(ll real numbers less t%an + sol&e t%e inequality. ,e say t%at t%e Yset of solutions)) of t%e inequality
consists of all real numbers less t%an +. #n interval notation , t%e set of solutions is t%e inter&al !'Vab , +".
,%en t%e inequalities in&ol&e absolte &alues, you must be &ery careful $it% t%e use of t%e $ordsand .
and or . T%ey end up gi&ing quite different results. Take a look %ere to see $%at $e mean. ,%en $e %a&e
t%e absolute &alues, t%e and . condition applies $%en $e %a&e T or signs and t%e or . condition applies
$%en $e %a&e 4 or signs. So $e %a&e@
SxS T a
means 'a T x T a !$%ic% is t%e same as 'a T x and x T a".
SxS a
means V[\a VWX x VWZ a !$%ic% is t%e same as 'a x and x a"
SxS 4 a
means x T 'a or x 4 a
SxS a
means x VWX 'a or x VWZ a
Pur met%od fails for more contri&ed examples. Let us consider t%e inequality
Sx';ST-x'7
#t)s back to basic algebra $it% a t$ist. T%e standard definition for t%e absolute &alue function is gi&en by@ S
xS 3 x , if x VWZ 8
3 'x , if xVWX8
T%us $e can get rid of t%e S S sign in our inequality if $e kno$ $%et%er t%e expression inside, x';, is
positi&e or negati&e. ,e $ill do exactly t%atN
Let)s first consider only t%ose &alues of x for $%ic% x V[\ ; VWZ 8.
/ase 1 @ xVWZ; #n t%is case $e kno$ t%at Sx';S3x';, so our inequality becomes
'() T -x'7
Sol&ing t%e inequality, $e obtain
x 4+
,e %a&e found some solutions to our inequality@ x is a solution if x VWZ ;and x4+ at t%e same timeN ,e)re
talking about numbers U VWZ;. ,%at if x';T8G
/ase $ @ xT; T%is time x';T8, so Sx';S3'!x';"3;'x, so our inequality reads as
;'x T -x'7.
(pplying t%e standard tec%niques, t%is can be simplified to x 4 J:;
Pur inequality %as some more solutions@ Onder our case assumption xT;, solutions are t%ose real
numbers $%ic% satisfy x 4 J:; .
,e)re talking about numbers in t%e inter&al !J:;, ;" .Combining t%e solutions $e found for bot% cases, $e
conclude t%at t%e set of solutions for t%e inequality
Sx';ST-x'7 are t%e numbers in t%e inter&al !J:; , 0Vab".
7olve x
$
>?@ %x ; $ A 0
?actoring, $e get y 3 x
-
V[\ ;x 0 - 3 !x V[\ -"!x V[\ +". Look at eac% of t%ese factors separately. T%e
factor x V[\ + is positi&e for x 4 + D similarly, x V[\ - is positi&e for x 4 - . T%inking back to $%en you first
learned about negati&es, you kno$ t%at !plus"cd!plus" 3 !plus", !minus"cd!minus" 3 !plus", and
!minus"cd!plus" 3 !minus". So, to compute t%e sign on y 3 x
-
V[\ ;x 0 - , $e only really need to kno$ t%e
signs on t%e factors. So t%e solution of x
-
V[\ ;x 0 - 4 8 are t%e t$o inter&als
-,egative in!inity( 1+ and -$( positive in!inity+.
.ational #nequalities
7olve x B-x >?@ %+ < $ .
?irst off, you %a&e to remember t%at you can)t begin sol&ing until you %a&e t%e inequality in Y 3 8 Y format.
5ere)s %o$ t%e problem $orks@ x:!x';" VWX -
VWa x : !x';" ' - VWX 8
>o$ con&ert to a common denominator@ x : !x V[\ ;" V[\ -!x';":!x';" VWX 8
...and simplify@ Q x' - ! x V[\ ; " R : !x V[\ ; " VWX 8 same as
!x' -x 0 9 ": !x V[\ ;" VWX 8 same as
!'x 0 9 ": !x V[\ ;" VWX 8
T%e t$o factors are V[\x 0 9 and x V[\ ; . >ote t%at x cannot equal ; , or else you $ould be di&iding by
Lero, $%ic% is not allo$ed. T%e first factor, V[\x 0 9 , equals Lero $%en x 3 9 . T%e ot%er factor, xV[\ ; ,
equals Lero $%en x 3 ; . >o$, x cannot actually equal ; , so t%is endpoint $ill not be included in any
solution inter&al !e&en t%oug% t%is is an Yor equal toY inequality", but $e need t%e &alue in order to figure
out $%at our inter&als are. #n t%is case, our inter&als are !negati&e infinity, ; ", !;, 9R , and Q9 , positi&e
infinity". >ote t%e use of brackets to indicate t%at 9 can be included in t%e solution, but t%at ; cannot.
To find the interest (I) and amount (A) of a given sum (P) in a given time (n) at simple
interest
The interest of * for one "ear is *r= and therefore for n "ears is *nrD
ie 5 ; Xnr 0+1
Also= A , * - (
ie A , '. - nr) 081
!rom 0+1 and 081= -e see that if of the quantities\*, r, ( or *, n, r, and A/an" three #e
gi$en the fourth ma" #e found
To find the interest (I) and amount (A) of a given sum (P) in a given time (n) at
compound interest
The amount of X at the end of the first "ear is *0D and since= this is the principal for the
second "ear= the amount at the end of the second "ear is *0 1 0 or *0
2
Aimilarl"= the amount at the end of the third "ear is *0
3
= and so onD hence the amount in n
"ears is *0
n
ie= A , *0
n
therefore ( , *'0
n
$.)
Note:
5f r denotes the interest on Re + for one "ear= -e ha$e3 0 , . - r
n business transactions, when the time contains a fraction of a year, it is usual to allow sim4le
interest for the fraction of the year. Thus, the amount of Ee. % in = years is reckoned Y and the
amount of 6 is years at compound interest is 1imilarly, the amount of 6 in years is
5f the interest is pa"a#le more than once a "ear there is a distinction #et-een the nominal
annual rate of interest and that actuall" recei$ed= -hich ma" #e called the true annual rateD
thus if the interest is pa"a#le t-ice a "ear= and if r is the nominal annual rate of interest= the
amount of Re + in half a "ear is = and therefore in the -hole "ear the amount of Re + is D
so that the true annual rate of interest is
5f the interest is pa"a#le q times a "ear= ie compounding is done e$er" q months= and if r is
the nominal annual rate= the interest on Re + for each inter$al is and therefore= the amount
of X in n "ears is 5n this case= the interest is said to #e Tcon$erted into principal] q times a
"ear
5f the interest is con$erti#le into principal e$er" moment= then q #ecomes infinitel" great To
find the $alue of the amount= put so that 5 $ rxD
Thus the amount ;
; *e
nr
0since= % is infinite -hen q is infinite1
Tips and 7trategies to crack /ritical Reasoning in
/ommon 0dmission Test -/0T+
W#at Does a Cr!t!-al )eason!n" :uest!on 'ook '!keJ
After two years in re6erse gear, when the com4etitors dented the market share of #78, the
com4any has mo6ed into to4 gear. 9rom a low of :2 4ercent in ;une 2<<<, the #78 market
share swelled to 6< 4ercent in ;une 2<<..
Which among the following can be inferred from the abo6e argument?
'a) #78 will again be the leading share holder in the market
'b) #78 will be the leading car share holder in the market
'c) #78 will be at the centre stage once again
'd) #78 may be at the centre stage once again
This is ho- a t"pical critical reasoning question looks like 5t has an argument= follo-ed #"
the stem question= -hich is then follo-ed #" four options *ou are asked to choose the
correct option
The first step to-ards tackling critical reasoning question is that of identif"ing the premise=
conclusion and assumption of an argument Aometimes a conclusion or a premise can #e
identified #" the presence of special -ords that attach them to the different parts of an
argument
The" are kno-n as conclusionIindicators Aome of them are listed #elo-
therefore hence thus so accordingl" 5n consequence consequentl" pro$es that as a
result for this reason
Aimilarl" there are certain phrases -hich points to the premise The" are kno-n as
premiseIindicators Aome of them are listed #elo-3 since #ecause for as as sho-n #"
Note: Not e$er" argument -ould contain these indicators The meaning and conte%t of the
propositions ma" help us recogni/e the premise and the assumption
T0,!-al :uest!ons
There are some common question t"pes -hich can #e categori/ed as follo-s3
+ Assumption5 The assumption is the link #et-een the premise and the conclusion= hence
should properl" fit #et-een them
8 5nference9Conclusion5 An inference or a conclusion -ill not #e stated in the passage #ut
has to #e #ased on the information gi$en in the passage
?Atrengthening 5n such questions "ou ha$e to look for the statement that -ould add more
authenticit" to the argument
: Weakening5 5n -eakening questions= "ou need to look for the statement -hich questions
the authenticit" of the argument \additional information that -ould nullif" the claim made
in the argument
Arithmetical %easoning Part91
6812 A bus driver knows four different routes from Delhi to Bareli, he knows three different
routes from Bareli to Lucknow and two different routes from Lucknow to Gorakhpur. How
many different routes he knows from Delhi to Gorakhpur ?
(a) 24 routes (b) 12 routes (c) 20 routes (d) 8 routes (e) None of these
Solution:9 Total number of routes from Delhi to Gorakhpur= 432=24
6822 Krishna was to earn Rs 4000 and a free holiday for eight weeks work. He worked for
only 3 weeks an earned and Rs. 1200 and a free holiday. what was the value of holiday ?
Solution:9Let the cost of holiday was Rs x then,
Pay for 8 weeks work = 4000 + x

x= 480, option c is correct
6832 The diagram given below, In this 400 candidates appeared in an examination. The
diagram gives the number f students who failed in subjects Maths, English and Science.
What is the percentage of students who failed in at least two subjects ?

Solution :9 Number of students who failed in at least two subjects = number of students
who failed in two or more sujects = 12 + 8 + 8 + 6 = 34
6842 Ram has some mangoes to distributes among his students. If he keep 4, 5, 6 in a pack
he left with one mango, But if he keeps 11 mangoes in a pack left with no mangoes. What is
the minimum number of mangoes he has to distribute ?
Solution :9The required number will be such that it will produce a remainder 1 when divided
by 4, 5 and 6 but gives no remainder when divided by 11, So, the required number of
mangoes will be 121, option (c) is correct.
68"2 In a school, 65 % students plays cricket, 40 % plays football and 25 % plays both
foolball and cricket. What percentage of students neighter plays cricket nor plays football ?
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 20 (d) 15
Solution:9Let the total number of students are 100

Let Cricket represents C, Football as F Then
C + 25 = 65, C=40
F + 25 = 40, F = 15
Number of students neighter plays cricket nor plays football = 100 - ( C + F + 25 ) = 20
% , Option (c) is correct
68#2 Three quantities A, B and C are such that AB = KC, where K is a constant. When A is
kept constant, B varies directly as C, When B is kept constant , A varies directly C and when
C is kept constant, A varies inversly as B. Initially , A was at 5 and A : B : C was 1 : 3 : 5.
Find the value of A when B equals 9 at constant C.
(a) 8.33 (b) 8 (c) 9.25 (d) 9.55
Solution :9 Initially when A : B : C = 1 : 3 : 5 and A = 5, then B = 15 and C = 25
AB = KC (given), So, 5 15 = K 25
So K = 3, Now equation becomes AB = 3C
When B = 9 at constant C, A 9 = 3 25
A = 8.33 option A is correct.
68$2 A car travels from A to B at V1 km/hr, travels back from B to A at V2 km/hr and again
goes back from A to B at V2 km/hr. The average speed of the car is :

Solution :9 Let the distance between two cities be A Km, Then average speed:
Option (c) is correct
68.2 A, B, C, D and E play a game of cards. A says to B " If you give me 3 cards, you will
have as I have at this moment while if D takes 5 cards from you, he will have as many as E
has ". A and C together have twice as many cards as E has. B and D together also have the
same number of cards as A and C taken together . If together they have 150 cards. How
many cards C has ?
(a) 22 (b) 24 (c) 26 (d) 28 (e) 30 ( asked in CAT )
Solution :9 Here , A + B + C + D + E = 150
A = B - 3
A + C = 2E
D + 5 = E
B + D = A + C = 2 E
2 E + 2 E + E = 150, E = 30
D + 5 = 30 , D = 25
B + 25 = 2 30 B = 35
A = 35 - 3 = 32
32 + C = 2 30 C = 28 option ( d ) is correct

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