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Human Factors Standardization

This document is the April 2000 issue of the Human Engineering Design Data Digest published by the Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group. It addresses topics related to control/display integration and visual displays, providing human factors guidelines and standards. The document contains repeated sections and appears to be formatted incorrectly.

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103 views181 pages

Human Factors Standardization

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HUMAN ENGINEERING

DESIGN DATA DIGEST

APRIL 2000

HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTROL/DISPLAY INTEGRATION
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

VISUAL DISPLAYS
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii

HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii

AUDIO DISPLAYS
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

CONTROLS
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i

DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i

APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i

DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii

HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii

Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i

TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i

HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i

TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

MARKING AND LABELING

HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i

ANTHROPOMETRY AND BIOMECHANICS

TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i

HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i

HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

WORKSPACE DESIGN
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii

HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

ENVIRONMENT
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i

DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i

HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i

DESIGN FOR MAINTAINER

TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i

HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i

SMALL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE GROUND/SHIPBOARD VEHICLES

HAZARDS AND SAFETY

HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE
HUMAN ENGINEERING .............................................................................................................................................i
DESIGN DATA DIGEST................................................................................................................................................i
APRIL 2000.....................................................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS STANDARDIZATION SUBTAG...............................................................................................i
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE .....................................................................................................................................i
HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING ..........................................................................................................................i
TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP...............................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ii
Control/Display Integration............................................................................................................................................ii
Visual Displays...............................................................................................................................................................ii
HAZARDS AND SAFETY.......................................................................................................................................xxvi

Inch-pound equivalents, abbreviations, and prefixes

Lines of sight

Vertical and horizontal visual field

Coding of simple indicator lights

Application of various types of mechanical displays

Scale of markings
6

Scale marker dimensions

Relative position of scale marks, numerals, and pointers on circular dials

Group viewing of optical projection displays

Color

Use

Examples

flashing red

to indicate an emergency
condition that requires
immediate action to avert
impending injury, equipment
damage, or both

red

to indicate that (1) the system or

a portion of the system is
inoperative, or (2) successful
task completion is not possible
until appropriate corrective or
override action is taken

yellow

to indicate (1) a marginal

condition, (2) an unexpected
delay, (3) that caution is
necessary, or (4) that rechecking
is necessary

green

to indicate that (1) equipment is

in tolerance, (2) conditions are
satisfactory, or (3) it is all right
to proceed

go ahead
in tolerance
ready
function activated

white

to indicate system conditions

that do not have right or
wrong implications

(1) indicating which of several

functions has been selected, (2)
indicating a transitory condition
such as an action or test in
progress, provided such
indications have no implications
of success or failure

blue

to advise only

no-go
error
failure
malfunction

Color coding of transilluminated displays

Functional evaluation of audio signals

Intelligibility criteria for voice communications signals

Control selection critieria

Recommended manual controls

Advantages and disadvantages of various types of control coding

Advantages and disadvantages of common controls

Advantages and disadvantages of common controls (continued)

Minimum, edge-to-edge separation distances for controls

Ball controls

Cranks

Foot-operated switches

Foot-operated controls

Foot-operated controls (continued)

Handwheels

Handwheels (continued)

High-torque J-handles

Joysticks, isotonic

Keyboards

Nominal keyboard characteristics

Key-operated switch

Knobs

Knob detent placement

Knobs, ganged

Legend switch

Levers

Lever controls

Lever controls (continued)

Mouse

Pedals

Leg strength at various knee and thigh angles

Representative push button applications

Push buttons

Push button switches

Push button switches (continued)

Push-pull controls

Rocker switches

Rotary selector switch

Rotary selector controls

Rotary selector controls (continued)

Slide switches

Thumbwheel, continuous adjustment

Thumbwheel, discrete

Toggle switches

Toggle switch controls

Toggle switch controls (continued)

Touch screens

Two-axis controllers for display applications

Grip switches

Grip switches (continued)

Arm, hand, and thumb-finger strength (5th percentile male)

Arm, hand, and thumb-finger strength (5th percentile male) (continued)

Character height versus luminance

Luminance contrast ratios for various conditions

character height
7 to 8
9 to 12
13 to 14
15 to 20
21 to 23

count

1
1
Pixels in upper case
2
2
2

count
Minimum
stroke 1
pixel 2
2
3
4

Maximum
stroke
pixel

Stroke width for pixel-generated characters

Pixels in upper case

character height

Minimum
width pixel
count

Preferred
width pixel
count

Maximum
width pixel
count

7
8
9

4
4
5

5
6
6

5
7
8

10
11
12

5
6
6

7
8
9

9
10
11

13
14
15 or 16

6
7
8

9
10
11

12
13
14

Height-width relationship for pixel-generated characters

Static human physical characteristics - head

Static human physical characteristics head (continued)

Static human physical characteristics - seated

Static human physical characteristics seated (continued)

Static human physical characteristics - standing

Static human physical characteristics standing (continued)

Static human physical characteristics hands

Static human physical characteristics standing position

Additive effects of clothing on anthropometric measures

A
Anti-contact
glove
Hand position

B
Wet-cold
glove
Z

C
Arctic
glove
Z

Extended flat cm
26.7
(in) (10.5)

11.9
(4.7)

6.4
27.2
(2.5) (10.7)

14.5
(5.7)

7.6
42.2
(3.0) (16.6)

13.7
(5.4)

9.1
(3.6)

Closed as fist cm
(in)

17.8
(7.0)

12.7
(5.0)

8.4
(3.3)

18.5
(7.3)

14.7
(5.8)

9.4
36.3
(3.7) (14.3)

13.2
(5.2)

13.7
(5.4)

Grasping handle
0.6 cm (0.24 in)
diameter

17.8
(7.0)

12.7
(5.0)

8.9
(3.5)

18.5
(7.3)

14.0
(5.5)

8.9
35.6
(3.5) (14.0)

14.0
(5.5)

11.4
(4.5)

2.5 cm (1.0 in)

diameter

17.8
(7.0)

12.7
(5.0)

8.9
(3.5)

18.5
(7.3)

13.5
(5.3)

10.2
35.6
(4.0) (14.0)

13.2
(5.2)

11.4
(4.5)

5.0 cm (2.0 in)

diameter

19.0
(7.5)

11.4
(4.5)

10.7
(4.2)

20.3
(8.0)

11.9
(4.7)

10.2
38.1
(4.0) (15.0)

13.7
(5.4)

12.7
(5.0)

Grasping knob
0.6 cm (0.24 in)
diameter

20.3
(8.0)

9.7
(3.8)

10.9
(4.3)

22.9
(9.0)

11.7
(4.6)

10.2
39.4
(4.0) (15.5)

12.2
(4.8)

11.4
(4.5)

2.5 cm (1.0 in)

diameter

22.8
(9.0)

8.9
(3.5)

10.2
(4.0)

22.9
(9.0)

11.4
(4.5)

10.2
40.1
(4.0) (15.8)

12.2
(4.8)

5.0 cm (2.0 in)

diameter

24.1
(9.5)

9.4
(3.7)

23.4
(9.2)

11.4
(4.5)

10.7
40.5
(4.1) (15.9)

11.9
(4.7)

12.2
(4.8)

Additive effects of clothing on anthropometric measures (continued)

Joint movement ranges

Joint movement ranges (continued)

Arm strength N (lb) Design criteria levels

Degree
Pull
elbow L
R
flexion
180 177.6
(40)

Push
L

184.8 149.6
(41.6) (33.6)

150 149.6 199.2

(33.6) (44.8)

106.4
(24)

Down
R

In
R

177.6
(40)

32
(7.2)

49.6 46.6
60.8
46.6
(11.2) (10.4) (13.6) (10.4)

71.2
(16)

28.8 49.6
(6.4) (11.2)

149.6
(33.6)

53.6
(12)

64
64
(14.4) (14.4)

53.6
(12)

71.2
(16)

28.8
(6.4)

53.6
(12)

71.2
(16)

78.4
(17.6)

36
(8)

53.6
(12)

71.2 74.4
92.8
56.8
64
(16) (16.8) (20.8) (12.8) (14.4)

36
(8.)

56.8
(12.8)

71.2
64
(16) (14.4)

42,4 60.8
(9.6) (13.6)

71.2
(16)

113.6
25.6)

132
78.4
128
60.8
(29.6) (17.6) (28.8) (13.6)

92.8
85.6
78.4 120.8
(20.8) (19.2) (17.6) (27.2)

53.6
(12)

71.2
(16)

Out

120 120.8 149.6 92.8

128
60.8
85.6 74.4
92.8
(27.2) (33.6) (20.8) (28.8) (13.6) (19.2) (16.8) (20.8)

Note.

60.8
(13.6)

71.2
(16)

L = Left
R = Right

Muscle strength of the arm, hand, and thumb (5th percentile male)
90

Muscle strength of the arm, hand, and thumb (5th percentile male)
(continued)

Static muscle strength data for vertical pull exertions

Static muscle strength data for vertical pull exertions (continued)

Horizontal push and pull forces that can be exerted

Examples of push force conditions

A. Weight (clothed) wearing fatigues and combat boots; standing

in center of scale.
5th percentile

Weight (kg)
(lb)

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

58.6
129.1

48.8
107.6

90.2
198.8

74.6
164.5

B. Stature (clothed) standing erect; heels together; weight

distributed equally on both feet; measured from standing
surface to top of head.

Stature (cm)
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

189.0
74.4

178.7
70.3

168.5
66.4

Female
156.8
61.8

C. Functional reach- standing erect; looking straight ahead; both

shoulders against wall; right arm horizontal measured from wall
to tip of index finger.
5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

64.0
25.2

86.4
34.0

79.0
31.1

Functional (cm) 72.6

reach
(in)
28.6

Anthropometric data for common working positions

D. Functional reach, extended- standing erect; looking straight

ahead; right shoulder extended as far forward as possible while
back of left shoulder firmly against wall; arm horizontal
measured from wall to tip of index finger.
5th percentile
Male Female
Functional reach(cm) 84.2
extended
(in) 33.2 28.9

73.5
39.8

95th percentile
Male
Female
101.2
36.5

92.7

E. Overhead reach height- standing with heels 23 cm (9 in) apart

and toes 15 cm (6 in) from wall; arms extended overhead with
fists touching and against wall; 1st phalanges horizontal
measured from floor to highest point on 1st phalanges.
5th percentile
Male Female
Overhead reach(cm) 200.4
height
(in)
78.9

185.3
73.0

95th percentile
Male
Female
230.5
90.8

215.1
84.7

F. Overhead reach breadth- standing with heels 23 cm (9 in)

apart and toes 15 cm (6 in) from wall; arms extended overhead
with fists touching and against wall; 1st phalanges horizontal
measured horizontally across arms or shoulders, whichever is
wider.
5th percentile
Male Female
Overhead reach (cm) 35.2
breadth
(in)
13.9

31.5
12.4

95th percentile
Male
Female
41.9
16.5

37.9
14.9

Anthropometric data for common working positions (continued)

G. Bent torso height- standing with feet 30 cm (12in) apart;

bending over and placing palms of the hands on kneecaps;
elbows and knees locked; looking forward; head tilted as far
back as possible; measured from floor to top of head.

Bent torso
height (cm)
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

149.9
59.0

138.6
54.6

125.6
49.4

Female

112.7
44.4

H. Bent torso breadth- standing with feet 30 cm (12 in) apart;

bending over and placing the palms of the hands on
kneecaps; elbows and knees locked; looking forward; head
tilted as far back as possible; measured as maximum
horizontal distance across shoulders.

Bent torso
breadth (cm)
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

40.9
16.1

36.8
14.5

48.3
19.0

43.5
17.1

Overhead reach, sitting- sitting erect; right side against wall;

right arm extended upward with palm flat against wall and
fingers extended; measured from sitting surface to tip of
middle finger.

Overhead reach
sitting
(cm)
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

146.9
57.9

139.4
54.9

127.9
50.3

Female

117.4
46.2

Anthropometric data for common working positions (continued)

100

J. Function leg length- sitting erect on edge of chair; right leg

extended forward with knee straightened; measured from heel
along axis of leg to posterior waist.

Functional leg (cm)

length
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

127.7
50.3

118.6
46.7

110.6
43.5

Female
90.6
35.7

K. Kneeling height- kneeling with toes extended and lightly

touching rear wall; torso erect with arms hanging loosely at
sides; measured from floor to top of head.

Kneeling height (cm)

(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

121.9
48.0

114.5
45.1

136.9
53.9

130.3
51.3

L. Kneeling leg length- kneeling with toes extended and lightly

touching rear wall; torso erect with arms hanging loosely at
sides; measured from wall to anterior portion of both knees.

Kneeling leg (cm)

length
(in)

101

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

63.9
25.2

59.2
23.3

75.5
29.7

70.5
27.8

M. Bent knee height, supine- lying supine; knees raised until the
angle between upper and lower legs approximates 60; toes
lightly touching wall; measured from floor to highest point on
knees.

Bent knee
height
(cm)
(in)

5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

Male

Female

44.7
17.6

41.3
16.3

53.5
21.1

49.6
19.5

N. Horizontal length, knees bent- lying supine; knees raised

until the angle between upper and lower legs approximates
60; toes lightly touching wall; measured from wall to top of
head.
5th percentile

95th percentile

Male

Female

173.0
68.1

163.8
64.5

Horizontal length
knees bent (cm) 150.8
(in)
59.4

Female

140.3
55.2

Anthropometric data for common working positions (continued)

102

Standard console dimensions

Standard console dimensions key

104

Seated workspace dimensions

105

Seated workspace dimensions key

106

Standing workspace dimensions

107

108

Standing workspace dimensions key

Mobile workspace dimensions

109

110

Mobile workspace dimensions key

111

Recommended placement areas for controls and displays

112

Seated optimum manual control space

113

Type of structure in relation to angle of ascent

114

Ramp dimensions

115

Stair dimensions

116

Stair-ladder dimensions

117

Fixed-ladder dimensions

118

Portable rung-ladder dimensions

119

Rung-ladder and ladder-cage dimensions

120

Stepladder dimensions

121

Walkway and passageway dimensions

122

Door dimensions

123

Effective temperature or corrected effective temperature

124

125

Summer and winter comfort zones and thermal tolerance for inhabited compartments

Windchill chart

126

127

Equivalent chill temperature

Human reaction to windchill

Performance decrement at different ambient temperatures

128

127

Ventilation requirements

Specific task illumination requirements

130

Specific task illumination requirements (continued)

131

Recommendations for display lighting

132

Brightness ratios

133

134

Workspace reflectance values

Permissible distance between a speaker and listeners

135

Range of acceptable reverberation time

136

Arm and hand access dimensions

137

Whole body access opening

138

Height to
which lifted

150 mm (6 in)

Distance between body and grip

300 mm (12 in)
460 mm (18 in)

610 mm (24 in)

.9 m (3 ft)
1.5 m (5 ft)

20.2 kg (44 lb)

16.8 kg (37 lb)

13.3 kg (29.3 lb)

11.2 kg (24.7 lb)

6.6 kg (14.7 lb)

5.6 kg (12.3 lb)

10.1 kg (22 lb)

8.4 kg (18.5 lb)

Maximum weight of units to be lifted by one person (male or female)

Maximum design weight limits

Weight and dimension limits of portable test equipment

139

Minimum handle dimensions

140

Fastener examples

141

Electrical cable coding

142

Hydraulic and pneumatic coding

143

Significant
figures

Color

0
1
2
3

Black
Brown
Red
Orange

1
10
100
1,000

4
5
6

Yellow
Green
Blue

10,000
100,000
1,000,000

7
8
9

Violet
Gray
White

----

---

Gold
Silver

0.1
0.01

Multiplier

Color

Tolerance

Black or
no color
Silver
Gold

20%
10%
5%

Values for color-coded fixed resistors and small capacitors

Valve handwheels
and operating levers

Fed. Std 595 color

number and chip

Steam
Potable water
Nitrogen
High pressure air

White
Dark blue
Light gray
Dark gray

17886
15044
16376
16081

Low pressure air

Oxygen
Salt water
Fuel oil

Tan
Light green
Dark green
Yellow

10324
14449
14062
13538

Lube oil
Fire protection
Foam discharge

Yellow
Red
Striped red/
green

13538
11105
11105
14062

Gasoline
Feedwater
Hydraulic

Yellow
Light blue
Orange

13538
15200
12246

Freon
Hydrogen
Sewage

Dark purple
Chartreuse
Gold

17100
23814
17043

Contents

Color coding of fluid conductors

144

Anatomical limits on axially symmetrical ocular metal parts

145

Recommended clearances around equipment operators station

146

Recommended clearances around equipment operators station key

147

Dimensions for vehicle operators seat

148

Temperature exposure limits

Burn criteria for human skin

149

Eeff = ES, where:

Eeff = Effective irradiance in the 200 nm to 315 nm
E = Measured spectral irradiance in mW/cm2 nm
S = Relative spectral effectiveness (dimensionless) (see below)
= Bandwidth in nanometers (nm)
Wavelength
(nm)

Relative
spectral
effectiveness
(S)

Daily
exposure
limit
(mJ/cm2)

Effective
irradiance
Eeff (mW/cm2)

Maximum
exposure
per day*

200
210
220
230
240

0.03
0.0075
0.12
0.19
0.3

100
40
25
16
10

0.0001
0.0002
0.0004
0.0008
0.0017

8 hr
4 hr
2 hr
1 hr
30 min

250
254
260
270
280

0.43
0.5
0.65
1.0
0.88

7
6
4.6
3.0
3.4

0.0033
0.005
0.01
0.05
0.10

15 min
10 min
5 min
1 min
30 sec

290
0.64
4.7
0.30
300
0.30
10.0
3.00
305
0.06
50.0
6.00
310
0.015
200
30.00
315
0.003
1000
* These values assume that no other occupational exposure occurs

10 sec
1 sec
0.5 sec
0.1 sec

Exposure limit for ultraviolet radiant energy (200 315 mm)

150

Maximum hours
per day

Sound level dBA (slow response)

equivalent A-weighted sound level

8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.25
Maximum
impulse
noise

90
92
95
97
100
102
105
110
115
140 (peak sound
pressure level)

If daily exposure involves two or more periods at differing

levels, the combined effect is used. Cj/Tj is the total time
of exposure at a specified level over the time of
permissible exposure for that typical level, j. When the
sum, (Cj/Tj) of the fractions, C1/T1 + C2/T2 +...+ Cj/Tj
+ ...+ Cn/Tn is greater than one, the combined exposure
exceeds the permissible noise limit value.

Permissible noise exposure

151

Shock current intensities and their probable effects

152

Maximum acceptable system response times

153

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