Applications

1. The diagram shows ferry routes between points surrounding a harbor. The distance between grid lines is 500 feet.
A

E B

D C

a. Call the bottom left corner on the grid the origin. Match each route with the equation that describes it.

Route A to D B to D B to E C to E

Equation y y y y = = = = 0.2x + 2,200 x - 1,000 -x + 5,500 -0.5x + 3,250

For: Help with Exercise 1 Web Code: ape-7401

b. Find the coordinates of the intersection points of the four routes.

Investigation 4 Solving Systems of Linear Equations

59

Solve each system.

2. b 5. b

y 5 6x 1 4 y 5 4x 2 2 y 5 2x 1 16 y 5 27x 2 8

3. b 6. b

y 5 3x 1 7 y 5 5x 2 7 y 5 17x 2 6 y 5 12x 1 44

4. b 7. b

y 5 22x 2 9 y 5 12x 1 19 y 5 220x 1 14 y 5 28x 2 44

For: Multiple-Choice Skills Practice Web Code: apa-7454

For Exercises 8 13, write the equation in y mx b form.

8. 4x + 6y + 12 = 0 10. -4x - 2y - 6 = 0 12. 2x - 2y + 2 = 0 9. -7x + 9y + 4 = 0 11. -x + 4y = 0 13. 25x + 5y - 15 = 0

14. Write the equations in Exercises 813 in x = ny + c form.

Solve the system by using substitution.

15. b 18. b

3x 1 4y 5 9 y5x23 y 5 2x 2 1 4x 1 6y 5 10

16. b 19. b

8x 2 14y 5 5 x 5 3y x 5 7y 2 10 3x 2 2y 5 8

17. b 20. b

12x 1 4 5 8y y5x27 7x 2 2y 5 5 x5y

Solve the system by using the combination method.

21. b 24. b

3x 2 2y 5 12 23x 1 8y 5 26

22. b

4x 1 9y 5 7 4x 2 9y 5 9

23. b 26. b

12x 2 14y 5 28 28x 2 14y 5 52 2x 2 3y 5 14 2x 1 3y 5 26

5x 1 15y 5 10 26x 2 4y 5 21 25. b 5x 2 10y 5 240 26x 1 3y 5 0

Connections
For Exercises 2732, solve the equation. Check the solution.
27. 3x + 12 = 24 30. -7 + 9x = 38 28. -7x - 13 = 15 31. -4 - 6x = -22 29. 8 - 2x = 30 32. 8x + 17 = -15

33. In parts (a)(f), nd the value of y when x = -2. a. y = 3x - 7 d. x = 4y - 2 b. 3x - 2y = 10 e. 3 = 2x - y c. 7x - 4y = 12 f. 12 = -3x - 4y

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The Shapes of Algebra

Write an equation for the line satisfying the given conditions.

34. slope = -4, y-intercept = 3 2 35. slope = , passing through the point (3, 4) 3 3 36. slope = - , y-intercept = 2 4 37. passes through the points (5, 4) and (1, 7)

For Exercises 38 43, identify the slope and y-intercept of the line.
38. 3x + 2y = 4 41. y = 4x - 8 39. 4x - 8y = 12 42. 2y = 4x + 6 40. x - y = 7 43. y = 9

44. Two lines can intersect at 0 points (if they are parallel), 1 point, or an innite number of points (if they are the same). In parts (a)(d), give all the possible numbers of intersection points for the two gures. Make sketches to illustrate the possibilities. a. a circle and a straight line c. a circle and a triangle b. two circles d. a circle and a rectangle
A

45. A chord is a line segment joining two points on a circle. Segment AC in the diagram at the right is a chord. a. How many chords can be drawn by joining the labeled points on this circle? b. How many points inside the circle are intersection points of two or more of the chords from part (a)? c. The chords cut the circle into several non-overlapping regions. How many regions are formed?
E

C D

46. Multiple Choice Which point is not on the graph of 2x - 5y = 13? A. (9, 1) B. (4, -1) C. (0, 3.2) D. (6.5, 0)
x ft

47. The cylinder at the right represents an air conditioner unit with a radius of x feet and a height of 2 feet. a. Draw a net for a cover for the air conditioner. (The top and sides need to be covered, but not the bottom.) b. Which equation below represents the area of the cover? Which represents the volume? Justify your choices.

2 ft

y = 2px 2 y = 2x 3

y = px 2 + 4px y = px(x + 4)
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48. Multiple Choice Kaya wants to fence off part of her yard for a garden. She has 150 feet of fencing. She wants a rectangular garden with a length 1.5 times its width. Which system represents these conditions? F. b H. b

1.5w 5 / w 1 / 5 150 2w 5 3/ w 1 / 5 75

G. b J. b

w 5 1.5/ w 1 / 5 150 3w 5 2/ 2 (w 1 /) 5 150

49. Multiple Choice Which equation shows how to nd one dimension of the garden described in Exercise 48? A. 2.5w = 150 C. 2w = 3(75 - w) 50. This circle has a radius of 5 meters.
A y 4 2 E 4 2 O 2 4 D 2 C x 4 B

B. 2.5/ = 150 D. 5w = 150

a. Copy and complete this table for the points on the circle.
A x y
0 5

b. On grid paper, sketch the image of the circle after the rule (x, y) S (2x, 2y) is applied. Copy and complete this table for the images of points A, B, C, D, and E.
A 2x 2y
0 10

B C D E

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The Shapes of Algebra

c. Sketch the image of the original circle after the rule (x, y) S (x + 2, y + 2) is applied. Copy and complete this table for the images of points A, B, C, D, and E.
A B C D E x2 y2
2 7

d. Is the image in part (b) similar to or congruent to the original circle? What about the image in part (c)? 51. Without graphing, decide whether the graph of the equation is a line, a parabola, an exponential curve, an inverse variation curve, or a circle. a. 2x - 3y = 10 c. x2 + x2 = 100 - y e. y = 2 x g. xy = 100 b. x 2 + y 2 = 100 250 d. x = y f. y = x 2 - x 2 + x + 100 h. 3x + 10 = y

Tell whether the table represents a linear, quadratic, exponential, or inverse-variation relationship, and write an equation for the relationship.
52.
x y
0 0 1 3 2 4 3 3 4 0 5 5 6 12 7 21

53.

x y

1
1 3

0 1

1 3

2 9

3 27

4 81

5 243

6 729

54.

x y

1 2

3 8

4 11

6 17

9 26

10 29

12 35

18 53

55.

x y

1 12

2 6

3 4

4 3

6 2

10

12 1

1.5 1.2

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56. Tell which graph matches the equation. a. y = 2 x-1 d. y = 2 x Graph 1

10 y 28 4 x 4 O 4 8 12 16 20 24 2 2 24 20 16 12 8 4 x O 2 4 2 O 2 4

b. y = -x 2 + 2x + 8 e. y = 2x 2 Graph 2
y

c. y = (x + 2)(x - 4) f. 25 = x 2 + y2 Graph 3
y 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 x

Graph 4
16 12 y

Graph 5
y 4 2

Graph 6
y 28 24 x

8 4 x 3 O 4 10 2 5 4 2 O 2 4 2 4

20 16 12 8 4 x 2 O 2

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The Shapes of Algebra

Solve each equation for x .

57. 5(x + 4) - 2x = 5 + 6x + 2x 59. x 2 - 7x + 12 = 0 58. 2(x + 2) - 6x = 6x + 8 - 2x 60. x 2 + 5x - 6 = 0

Extensions
61. Yolanda and Marissa both babysit. Yolanda charges $5.50 an hour. Marissa charges a base rate of $20, plus $0.50 an hour. a. For each girl, write an equation showing how the charge depends on babysitting time. b. For what times are Marissas charges less than Yolandas? c. Is there a time for which Yolanda and Marissa charge the same amount? 62. Rajs age is 1 year less than twice Sarahs age. Tonis age is 2 years less than three times Sarahs age. a. Suppose Sarahs age is s years. What is Rajs age in terms of s? b. How old is Toni in terms of s? c. How old are Raj, Sarah, and Toni if the sum of their ages is 21? 63. Melissa and Trevor sell candy bars to raise money for a class eld trip. Trevor sells 1 more than ve times as many as Melissa sells. Together they sell 49 candy bars. a. Let m be the number of candy bars Melissa sells. Let t be the number of candy bars Trevor sells. Write a linear system to represent this situation. b. Solve your system to nd the number of candy bars each student sells.

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64. Solve each system by using substitution or the combination method. You may get some strange results. In each case, graph the equations and explain what the puzzling results indicate about the solution. a. b c. b

x 2 2y 5 3 23x 1 6y 5 26 2x 2 3y 5 4 4x 2 6y 5 7
4

b. b d. b

x2y54 2x 1 y 5 24 4x 2 6y 5 4 26x 1 9y 5 26

65. The equation of the line is y = 3 x. The equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 = 25.
y 4 2 x 4 2 2 4 O 2 4

You can nd the intersection points by solving the system below. Modify the substitution method to solve the system. y5 x b 2 3 2 x 1 y 5 25
66. Write a system of the form b a. (3, 7)
4

ax 1 by 5 c that has the given solution. dx 1 ey 5 f

c. no solutions

b. (-2, 3)

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The Shapes of Algebra

67. Consider these equivalent systems.

2y 2 3x 5 0 y 1 x 5 75

and

2y 2 3x 5 0 3y 1 3x 5 225

a. Do the four equations in these two systems represent four different lines? Explain. b. Adding the two equations in the second system gives 5y = 225, or y = 45. Does y = 45 represent the same line as either equation in the system? Does it have anything in common with the lines in the system? c. If you add the two equations in the rst system, you get 3y - 2x = 75. Does this equation represent the same line as either equation in the system? Does it have anything in common with the lines in the system? d. What conjectures can you make about the results of adding any two linear equations? Consider the following questions:

Will the result be a linear equation? Will the graph of the new equation have anything in common with the graphs of the original equation?

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