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9.5 The Binomial Theorem: Let's Look at The Expansion of (X + Y)

The document explains the binomial theorem and how it can be used to expand binomial expressions. It provides examples of expanding (x + y)n for different values of n as well as using Pascal's triangle to find the coefficients of terms in expansions like (x + 3)4 and (x - 2y)4. It also gives the formula for finding binomial coefficients and works through some examples of finding specific coefficients.

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Syed Raheel Adeel
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158 views7 pages

9.5 The Binomial Theorem: Let's Look at The Expansion of (X + Y)

The document explains the binomial theorem and how it can be used to expand binomial expressions. It provides examples of expanding (x + y)n for different values of n as well as using Pascal's triangle to find the coefficients of terms in expansions like (x + 3)4 and (x - 2y)4. It also gives the formula for finding binomial coefficients and works through some examples of finding specific coefficients.

Uploaded by

Syed Raheel Adeel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9.

5 The Binomial Theorem Lets look at the expansion of (x + y)n (x + y)0 = 1 (x + y)1 = x + y

(x + y)2 = x2 +2xy + y2
(x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3 (x + y)4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4

Expanding a binomial using Pascals Triangle Pascals Triangle 1 1 1

1
1 1 4 3

2
3 6

1
1 4 1
Write the next row.

1
1 6

5
15

10
20

10
15

5
6

1
1

Expand (x + 3)4 From Pascals triangle write down the 4th row.

These numbers are the same numbers that are the coefficients of the binomial expansion. The expansion of (a + b)4 is: 1a4b0 + 4a3b1 + 6a2b2 + 4a1b3 + 1a0b4 Notice that the exponents always add up to 4 with the as going in descending order and the bs in ascending order. Now substitute x in for a and 3 in for b.

1a4b0 + 4a3b1 + 6a2b2 + 4a1b3 + 1a0b4


x4 + 4x3(3)1 + 6x2(3)2 + 4x(3)3 + 34 This simplifies to Expand (x 2y)4

x4 + 12x3 + 54x2 + 108x + 81


This time substitute x in for a and -2y for b. Use ( ).

x4 + 4x3(-2y)1 + 6x2(-2y)2 + 4x(-2y)3 + (-2y)4 The final answer is: x4 8x3y + 24x2y2 32xy3 + 16y4

The Binomial Theorem


In the expansion of (x + y)n (x + y)n = xn + nxn-1y + + nCmxn-mym + +nxyn-1 + yn the coefficient of xn-mym is given by

n! n Cm n m !m!

Find the following binomial coefficients.


8! 8 7 6! 28 8C2 = 6!2! 6! 2! 10 9 8 7! 10! 120 10C3 = 7!3! 7! 3! 7 65 35 7C3 = 3 2 1 7 65 4 35 7C4 = 4 3 2 1

Find the 6th term in the expansion of (3a + 2b)12 Using the Binomial Theorem, let x = 3a and y = 2b and note that in the 6th term, the exponent of y is m = 5 and the exponent of x is n m = 12 5 = 7. Consequently, the 6th term of the expansion is:

12 1110 9 8 7! 7 5 3a 2b 12 C5 x y 7!5!
7 5

= 55,427,328 a7b5

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