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Classification of Bacteria

Bacteria can be classified based on temperature, pH, oxygen requirements, and nutrition. Regarding temperature, bacteria are classified as psychrophiles, mesophiles, or thermophiles depending on their optimal and maximum growth temperatures. In terms of pH, bacteria fall into categories of neutrophiles, acidophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their preferred acidity or alkalinity levels. When considering oxygen requirements, bacteria are aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic, or facultative depending on their ability to grow with or without oxygen. Finally, bacteria differ in their nutritional needs and can be photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, or chemo

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12K views11 pages

Classification of Bacteria

Bacteria can be classified based on temperature, pH, oxygen requirements, and nutrition. Regarding temperature, bacteria are classified as psychrophiles, mesophiles, or thermophiles depending on their optimal and maximum growth temperatures. In terms of pH, bacteria fall into categories of neutrophiles, acidophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their preferred acidity or alkalinity levels. When considering oxygen requirements, bacteria are aerobic, anaerobic, microaerophilic, or facultative depending on their ability to grow with or without oxygen. Finally, bacteria differ in their nutritional needs and can be photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, or chemo

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Asad naz
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classification of

Bacteria
Asad Naz
On the basis of availability
of temperature, pH,
nutrition and oxygen,
bacteria are divided into
different categories.
Temperature
1. Psychrophiles
-- cold loving microbes
2. Mesophiles
--moderate-temperature loving organism
-- most pathogens and indigenous flora
3. Thermophiles
-- heat loving microbes
-- ex. Thermophilic cyanobacteria found in
hot springs
-- Thermodurics: organisms that can survive or
endure boiling--- ex. Endospores and viruses
contd..
GROWTH TEMPERATURES:

1. Minimum Growth temperature


- lowest temperature at which the species
will grow
2. Optimum Growth temperature
- temperature at which the species grows
best
3. Maximum Growth temperature
- highest temperature at which growth is
possible
Contd..
Table 1. Temperature ranges for different bacteria.
Classification Temperature Range (°C) Optimum
Growth
Temperature
(°C)

Psychrophile -10 to 20 10
Psychrotroph 5 to 30 25
Mesophile 10 to 45 37
Thermophile 40 to 75 55
Hyperthermophile 65 to 120 90-100
pH
Acidity or alkalinity of a solution
1. Neutrophiles
-- neutral growth medium (pH 7)
-- most microorganisms
2. Acidophiles
--prefer a pH of 2-5
--microbes that can live in the stomach
3. Alkaliphiles (Basophiles)
--prefer pH greater 8.5
-- found in intestine
Oxygen requirement
-Based on relationship to O2
1. Aerobes---use molecular O2 for life and reproduction
a. Obligate aerobes
- require an atmosphere that contains O2 similar
to room air (20-21% O2), Ex. Mycobacteria
b. Microaerophiles
- require O2 lower than room air (=5% O2)
- ex. Neisseria, Campylobacter
2. Anaerobes
- do not require O2 for life and reproduction
- vary based on sensitivity to O2
a. Obligate anaerobe
- unable to grow in O2, ex. Clostridium
Contd..
b. Facultative anaerobe
- capable of surviving in the presence or
absence of O2 (0% to 20-21% O2)
- ex. Enterobacteria, streptococci, staphylococci
c. Aerotolerant anaerobe
- does not require O2
- grows better in the absence of oxygen but can
survive in atmosphere containing O2
- ex. Lactobacilli
- Based on relationship to CO2
- Capnophiles– grow better in the presence of
increased concentrations of CO2
- Anaerobes– Bacteroides, Fusobacterium
- Aerobes– Neisseria,Campylobacter, Hemophilus
Nutrition Requirement
 Source of Energy
--Phototrophs---light
--Chemotrophs– inorganic or organic compounds
 Source of Carbon
-- Autotrophs---CO2
-- Litotrophs—inorganic compound except CO2
-- Heterotrophs (Organotrophs) ---Organic compounds
 Energy Source and Carbon Source
--Photoautotrophs---Light + CO2
---ex. Plants, algae, cyanobacteria, purple and green
sulfur bacteria
--Photoheterotrophs (Photoorganotrophs) --- Light +
organic compounds—ex. Green and purple non-sulfur
bacteria
Contd..
--Chemoautotrophs– Chemical + CO2
ex. Nitrifying, hydrogen, iron and sulfur
bacteria
--Chemolitotrophs--- Chemical + inorganic
compound except CO2
-- Chemoheterotrophs– Chemical + organic
compound
ex. All animals, protozoa, fungi, most bacteria
-- Photolithotrophs – Light + inorganic compound
except CO2
ex. Plants and algae: producers of food and O2 for
chemoheterotrophs
SEE YA
KEEP SMILING

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