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4.6.4 Exercise 5

This document discusses properties of harmonic functions and logarithmic functions. It shows that the logarithm of the absolute value of a function satisfies the mean value property for a disk, and uses Schwarz's formula to derive an expression for the derivative of an entire holomorphic function.

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Muthumanikandan Hariraman
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15 views5 pages

4.6.4 Exercise 5

This document discusses properties of harmonic functions and logarithmic functions. It shows that the logarithm of the absolute value of a function satisfies the mean value property for a disk, and uses Schwarz's formula to derive an expression for the derivative of an entire holomorphic function.

Uploaded by

Muthumanikandan Hariraman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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_ y0 2 jz0 tj2 = 1 _ _ y0 (x0 t)2 + y2

11 Hence, PU(x; y) = 1 _ Z1
1

y (x t)2 + y2U(t)dt is a harmonic function in H+. Furthermore, since the value of P~U (z) for jzj = 1 is given by ~U (z) at the points of continuity and since _ 1(@D) = R [ f1g, we conclude that PU(x; 0) = P~U _ _ 1(x; 0) = ~U _ _ 1(x; 0) = U(x; 0) at the points of continuity x 2 R.

4.6.4 Exercise 5
I couldn't _gure out how to show that log jf(z)j satis_es the mean-value property for z0 = 0; r = 1 without _rst computing the value of R_ 0 log sin(_)d_. Since sin(_) _ _ 8_ 2 [0; _ 2 ], 1 _ _ sin(_) is continuous on [0; _ 2 ], where we've removed the singularity at the origin. Hence, for _ > 0, Z_
2

log ____ _ sin(_) ____ d_ = lim


_!0

Z_
2

log ____ _ sin(_) ____ d_ = Z_


2

log j_j d_
_!0

lim

Z_
2

log jsin(_)j d_ By symmetry, it follows that the improper integral R_


_ 2

log jsin(_)j d_ exists and therefore R_ 0 log jsin(_)j d_ exists. Again by symmetry, R_
2

0 log(sin(_))d_

R_
2

0 log

cos(_)d_, hence

Z_
2

log sin(_)d_ = 1 2 Z_
2

log sin(_) cos(_)d_ = 1 2 Z_


2

log _ 1 2 sin(2_) _ d_ = 1 2 Z_
2

sin(2_)d_ _ 4 log(2) = 1 4 Z_
0

sin(#)d# _ 4 log(2) where we make the change of variable # = 2_ to obtain the last equality. Since R_ 0 log sin(_)d_ = 2 R_
2

sin(_)d_, we conclude that Z _

0 log

log sin(_)d_ = _ log(2) We now show that for f(z) = 1 + z; log jf(z)j satis_es the mean-value property for z0 = 0; r = 1. Observe that log __ 1 + ei_ __ = 1 2 log __ (1 + cos(_))2 + sin2(_) __ = 1 2 log __ 1 + 2 cos(_) + cos2(_) + sin2(_) __ = 1 2 log j2 + 2 cos(_)j = log j2j + 1 2 log ____ 1 + cos(_) 2 ____ Substituting and making the change of variable 2# = _, Z 2_
0

log __ 1 + ei_ __ d_ = Z 2_
0

_ log 2 + 1 2 log __ cos2(_) __ _ d_ = 2_ log 2+ Z_


0

log

____ 1 + cos(2#) 2 ____ d# = 2_ log 2+ Z_


0

log cos2(#)d# By symmetry, integrating log cos2(_) over [0; _] is the same as integrating log __ sin2(_) __ over [0; _]. Hence, Z 2_
0

log __ 1 + ei_ __ d_ = 2_ log 2 + Z_


0

log __ sin2(#) __ d# = 2_ log 2 + 2 Z_


0

log jsin(#)j d# = 0 12

4.6.4 Exercise 6
Let f : C ! C be an entire holomorphic function, and suppose that z 1Re(f(z)) ! 0; z ! 1. By Schwarz's formula (Ahlfors (66) p. 168), we may write f(z) = 1 2_i Z
j_j=R

_+z _ z Re(f(_)) d_ _ 8 jzj < R Let _ > 0 be given and R0 > 0 such that 8R _ R0, ___
Re(f(z)) z

___ < _. Let R be su_ciently large that R > R 2 > R0. By Schwarz's formula, 8R 2 _ jzj < R, jf(z)j _ R_ 2_ Z 2_

____ Rei_ + z Rei_ z ____ d_ _ R_ 2_ Z 2_


0

R + jzj R jzj d_ = R_ _ R+R R R


2

= 4R_ Fix z 2 C and let R 2 > max fR0; jzjg. By Cauchy's di_erentiation formula, jf0(z)j = 1 2_ _____ Z
jwj=R
2

f(w) (w z)2 dw _____ _ 1 2_ Z 2_


0 R 2

__ f(R 2 ei_) __ __
R 2 ei_ __ 2 d_ _ 1 2_ R

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