2012 Marty Hall

Database Access with JDBC

Originals of Slides and Source Code for Examples: http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/java.html
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Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

2012 Marty Hall

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Overview
Overview of JDBC technology JDBC design strategies Using Apache Derby (Java DB) Seven basic steps in using JDBC Using JDBC from desktop Java apps Using JDBC from Web apps Prepared statements (parameterized commands) Meta data Transaction control
5

2012 Marty Hall

Overview
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

JDBC Introduction
JDBC provides a standard library for accessing relational databases
API standardizes
Way to establish connection to database Approach to initiating queries Method to create stored (parameterized) queries The data structure of query result (table)
Determining the number of columns Looking up metadata, etc.

API does not standardize SQL syntax

You send strings; JDBC is not embedded SQL

JDBC classes are in the java.sql package JDBC stands for Java DataBase Connectivity
7

On-line Resources
Suns JDBC Site
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/jdbc/

JDBC Tutorial
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/

API for java.sql

http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/sql/ package-summary.html

List of Available JDBC Drivers

http://developers.sun.com/product/jdbc/drivers
Or, just look in your database vendors documentation

JDBC Drivers
JDBC consists of two parts:
JDBC API, a purely Java-based API JDBC Driver Manager,which communicates with vendor-specific drivers that perform the real communication with the database.
Point: translation to vendor format is performed on the client
No changes needed to server Driver (translator) needed on client
9

Java Application
JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

JDBC Driver API
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Vendor Specific JDBC Driver

Vendor Specific ODBC Driver

Database

Database

JDBC Data Types

JDBC Type
BIT TINYINT SMALLINT INTEGER BIGINT REAL FLOAT DOUBLE BINARY VARBINARY LONGVARBINARY CHAR VARCHAR LONGVARCHAR

Java Type
boolean byte short int long float double byte[]

JDBC Type
NUMERIC DECIMAL DATE TIME TIMESTAMP CLOB BLOB ARRAY DISTINCT STRUCT REF JAVA_OBJECT

Java Type
BigDecimal java.sql.Date java.sql.Timestamp Clob Blob Array mapping of underlying type Struct Ref underlying Java class

String

10

 2012 Marty Hall

Steps for Using JDBC

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
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JDBC Design Strategies

In general, plan for changes to data access
Limit the data access to single area of code
Dont distribute JDBC calls throughout the code Plan ahead for changing from JDBC to Hibernate or another tool

Dont return JDBC-specific (or Hibernate-specific) objects from the data-access layer
Return ordinary Java objects instead

In JDBC, plan for changes

Limit the definition of driver, URL, etc. to single location

Let database experts do their stuff

If database is complex, let database expert design the database and design the queries
12

Seven Basic Steps in Using JDBC

1. Load the driver
Not required in Java 6, so Java 6 needs only 6 steps.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Define the Connection URL Establish the Connection Create a Statement object Execute a query Process the results Close the connection

13

JDBC Step 1: Load the Driver

Not required in Java 6
In Java SE 6.0 and later (JDBC 4.0 and later), the driver is loaded automatically.

Java 5 and earlier

Load the driver class only. The class has a static initialization block that makes an instance and registers it with the DriverManager.
try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) { System.out.println("Error loading driver: " + cnfe); }
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JDBC Step 2: Define the Connection URL

Remote databases
Format is jdbc:vendorName:
Address contains hostname, port, and database name Exact details given by supplier of JDBC driver

Embedded Derby database

The Java DB (i.e., Apache Derby) is bundled with Java 6 and can be used for a database embedded in the same Java VM that runs the app server. Format is jdbc:derby:databaseName

Examples
String host = "dbhost.yourcompany.com"; String dbName = "someName"; int port = 1234; String mySqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql//" + host + ":" + port + "/" + dbName; String embeddedDerbyUrl = "jdbc:derby" + dbName;
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JDBC Step 3: Establish the Connection

Get the main connection
Properties userInfo = new Properties(); userInfo.put("user", "jay_debesee"); userInfo.put("password", "secret"); Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(mySqlUrl, userInfo);

Optionally, look up info about the database

DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData = connection.getMetaData(); String productName = dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName(); System.out.println("Database: " + productName); String productVersion = dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion(); System.out.println("Version: " + productVersion);
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JDBC Step 4: Make a Statement

Idea
A Statement is used to send queries or commands

Statement types
Statement, PreparedStatement, CallableStatement
Details on other types given later

Example
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

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JDBC Step 5: Execute a Query

Idea
statement.executeQuery("SELECT FROM ");
This version returns a ResultSet

statement.executeUpdate("UPDATE "); statement.executeUpdate("INSERT "); statement.executeUpdate("DELETE"); statement.execute("CREATE TABLE"); statement.execute("DROP TABLE ");
String query = "SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM sometable"; ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);

Example

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JDBC Step 6: Process the Result

Important ResultSet methods
resultSet.next()
Goes to the next row. Returns false if no next row.

resultSet.getString("columnName")
Returns value of column with designated name in current row, as a String. Also getInt, getDouble, getBlob, etc.

resultSet.getString(columnIndex)
Returns value of designated column. First index is 1 (ala SQL), not 0 (ala Java).

resultSet.beforeFirst()
Moves cursor before first row, as it was initially. Also first

resultSet.absolute(rowNum)
Moves cursor to given row (starting with 1). Also last and afterLast.
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JDBC Step 6: Process the Result

Assumption
Query was SELECT first, last, address FROM

Using column names

while(resultSet.next()) { System.out.printf( "First name: %s, last name: %s, address: %s%n", resultSet.getString("first"), resultSet.getString("last"), resultSet.getString("address")); }

Using column indices

while(resultSet.next()) { System.out.printf( "First name: %s, last name: %s, address: %s%n", resultSet.getString(1), resultSet.getString(2), resultSet.getString(3)); }

20

JDBC Step 7: Close the Connection

Idea
When totally done, close the database connection. However, opening a new connection is typically much more expensive than sending queries on existing connections, so postpone this step as long as possible. Many JDBC drivers do automatic connection pooling There are also many explicit connection pool utilities

Example
connection.close();

21

2012 Marty Hall

Using Apache Derby

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
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Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Apache Derby: Overview

Overview
Written in Java. Good for small/medium applications (less than gigabyte database size, few queries/second) Bundled with Java 6, but latest version can be downloaded from Apache for Java 1.4 and later.

Embedded mode
Database runs in same VM as Java app. Does not accept network connections. Perfect for Web apps
Incredibly easy to set up. Just drop in one JAR file Good if database is accessed only from the Web apps

Standalone mode
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Runs in separate VM. Accepts network connections.

Downloading and Installing Derby

Downloading and documentation Use in embedded mode
Code URL
For Web apps, drop derby.jar in WEB-INF/lib For other apps, put derby.jar in CLASSPATH jdbc:derby:databaseName org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver Not needed in Java 6! Any are legal since DB runs inside the application.

http://db.apache.org/derby/

Driver class name

Username/password

Use in standalone mode

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See http://db.apache.org/derby/papers/DerbyTut/ Consider MySQL, Oracle, etc. as alternatives

Setup Summary
Setup summary
Downloaded latest Derby ZIP from db.apache.org/derby/
db-derby-10.5.3.0-bin.zip, but any recent version is fine You can also use version bundled with JDK 1.6.x

Unzipped Put install_dir/lib/derby.jar into CLASSPATH

Many options in Eclipse, but if you make a Dynamic Web Project, drop derby.jar in WebContent/WEB-INF/lib

Thats it (for embedded usage)!

Compare this 90 second process to installing Oracle

Creating database
Can be created directly from Java using SQL commands via JDBC. See later slides. Need to run creator code at least once before accessing database.

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Setup Details: Desktop Apps

Putting derby.jar in CLASSPATH
R-click on project in Eclipse, create new folder called lib. Put derby.jar in lib. R-click on project. Properties Java Build Path Libraries Add JARs Navigate to project/lib/ and select derby.jar. Press OK.

Creating database
Manually run database creation code. See Prepared Statements section for code, but this needs to be done once only. In most real apps, you have to query database, but someone else creates the database.

26

Setup Details: Web Apps

Putting derby.jar in CLASSPATH
Copy derby.jar to WEB-INF/lib

Creating database
Run database creation code. See Prepared Statements section for code . This needs to be done once only, so best way is to do it automatically in ServletContextListener. In most real apps, you have to query database, but someone else creates the database.
Reminder: full code can be downloaded from http://courses.coreservlets.com/Course-Materials/ msajsp.html, so you can get db creation code there.

27

2012 Marty Hall

Using JDBC from Desktop Java

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Approach
Same basic steps
Load the driver Define the Connection URL Establish the Connection Create a Statement object Execute a query Process the results Close the connection

Differences from JDBC in Web apps

Results are often put into Swing or AWT interfaces If you use value in calculation, use getInt, getDouble, etc. If value is only used for display in GUI, you can use getString even if value is another type
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Sample Database
Table name
employees

Column names
id (int). The employee ID. firstname (varchar/String). Employees given name. lastname (varchar/String). Employees family name. position (varchar/String). Corporate position (eg, ceo). salary (int). Yearly base salary.

Database name
myDatabase

Note
See Prepared Statements section for code that created DB
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Example: Printing Employee Info

package coreservlets; import java.sql.*; import java.util.*; public class ShowEmployees { public static void main(String[] args) { String url = "jdbc:derby:myDatabase"; Properties userInfo = new Properties(); userInfo.put("user", "someuser"); userInfo.put("password", "somepassword"); String driver = "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"; showSalaries(url, userInfo, driver); }
31 The URL and the driver are the only parts that are specific to Derby. So, if you switch to MySql, Oracle, etc., you have to change those two lines (or just one line in Java 6 with JDBC 4 driver, since the driver no longer needs to be declared in that situation). The rest of the code is database independent.

Example: Printing Employee Info (Connecting to Database)

public static void showSalaries(String url, Properties userInfo, String driverClass) { try { // Load the driver. NOT NEEDED in Java 6! // Class.forName(driverClass); // Establish network connection to database. Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userInfo); System.out.println("Employees\n=========="); // Create a statement for executing queries. Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); String query = "SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary"; // Send query to database and store results. ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
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Example: Printing Employee Info (Processing Results)

while(resultSet.next()) { int id = resultSet.getInt("id"); String firstName = resultSet.getString("firstname"); String lastName = resultSet.getString("lastname"); String position = resultSet.getString("position"); int salary = resultSet.getInt("salary"); System.out.printf ("%s %s (%s, id=%s) earns $%,d per year.%n", firstName, lastName, position, id, salary); } connection.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.err.println("Error with connection: " + e); }

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Example: Printing Employee Info (Output)

Employees ========== Gary Grunt (Gofer, id=12) earns $7,777 per year. Gabby Grunt (Gofer, id=13) earns $8,888 per year. Cathy Coder (Peon, id=11) earns $18,944 per year. Cody Coder (Peon, id=10) earns $19,842 per year. Danielle Developer (Peon, id=9) earns $21,333 per year. David Developer (Peon, id=8) earns $21,555 per year. Joe Hacker (Peon, id=6) earns $23,456 per year. Jane Hacker (Peon, id=7) earns $32,654 per year. Keith Block (VP, id=4) earns $1,234,567 per year. Thomas Kurian (VP, id=5) earns $2,431,765 per year. Charles Phillips (President, id=2) earns $23,456,789 per year. Safra Catz (President, id=3) earns $32,654,987 per year. Larry Ellison (CEO, id=1) earns $1,234,567,890 per year.

34

 2012 Marty Hall

Using JDBC from Web Apps

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Approach
Same basic steps
Load the driver Define the Connection URL Establish the Connection Create a Statement object Execute a query Process the results Close the connection

Differences from JDBC in desktop apps

Results are often put into HTML If value is inserted directly into HTML, you can use getString even if value is another type To support concurrent access, you usually use a driver that supports connection pooling

36

Sample Database
Table name
employees

Column names
id (int). The employee ID. firstname (varchar/String). Employees given name. lastname (varchar/String). Employees family name. position (varchar/String). Corporate position (eg, ceo). salary (int). Yearly base salary.

Database name
myDatabase

Note
See Prepared Statements section for code that created DB
37

A Servlet to Show Employee Info

Overview
Same sample database as before
DB type: Derby in embedded mode DB name: employees Columns: id, firstname, lastname, position, salary

Goal
Build HTML table that shows all employees

Approach
Build HTML table directly in servlet
MVC combined with JSTL or custom tags might work better, but this lecture does not assume familiarity with those topics Basic JDBC code is the same either way
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Employee Info Servlet

public class EmployeeServlet1 extends HttpServlet { //private final String driver = // "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"; protected final String url = "jdbc:derby:myDatabase"; protected final String tableName = "employees"; protected final String username = "someuser"; protected final String password = "somepassword";

The URL and the driver are the only parts that are specific to Derby. So, if you switch to MySql, Oracle, etc., you have to change those two lines (or just one line in Java 6 with JDBC 4 driver, since the driver no longer needs to be declared in that situation). The rest of the code is database independent.

39

Employee Info Servlet (Continued)

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " + "Transitional//EN\"\n"; String title = "Company Employees"; out.print(docType + "<HTML>\n" + "<HEAD><TITLE>" + title + "</TITLE></HEAD>\n" + "<LINK REL='STYLESHEET' HREF='./css/styles.css'\n" + " TYPE='text/css'>" + "<BODY><CENTER>\n" + "<TABLE CLASS='TITLE' BORDER='5'>" + " <TR><TH>" + title + "</TABLE><P>"); showTable(out); out.println("</CENTER></BODY></HTML>"); }

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Employee Info Servlet (Continued)

protected void showTable(PrintWriter out) { try { Connection connection = getConnection(); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); String query = "SELECT * FROM " + tableName; ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query); printTableTop(connection, resultSet, out); printTableBody(resultSet, out); connection.close(); } catch(Exception e) { System.err.println("Error: " + e); } }

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Employee Info Servlet (Continued)

protected Connection getConnection() throws Exception { // Load database driver if it's not already loaded. // Not needed in JDBC 4 (Java SE 6). Uncomment // for earlier versions. // Class.forName(driver); // Establish network connection to database. Properties userInfo = new Properties(); userInfo.put("user", username); userInfo.put("password", password); Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userInfo); return(connection); }
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Employee Info Servlet (Continued)

protected void printTableTop(Connection connection, ResultSet resultSet, PrintWriter out) throws SQLException { out.println("<TABLE BORDER='1'>"); // Print headings from explicit heading names String[] headingNames = { "ID", "First Name", "Last Name", "Position", "Salary" }; out.print("<TR>"); for (String headingName : headingNames) { out.printf("<TH>%s", headingName); } out.println(); }
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Employee Info Servlet (Continued)

protected void printTableBody(ResultSet resultSet, PrintWriter out) throws SQLException { // Step through each row in the result set and print cells while(resultSet.next()) { out.println("<TR ALIGN='RIGHT'>"); out.printf(" <TD>%d", resultSet.getInt("id")); out.printf(" <TD>%s", resultSet.getString("firstname")); out.printf(" <TD>%s", resultSet.getString("lastname")); out.printf(" <TD>%s", resultSet.getString("position")); out.printf(" <TD>$%,d%n", resultSet.getInt("salary")); } out.println("</TABLE>"); } }

44

Employee Info Servlet (Results)

45

2012 Marty Hall

Using MetaData
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Using MetaData
Idea
For most queries, you know column names and database version ahead of time. But you can discover this dynamically as well.

System-wide data
connection.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductName() connection.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductVersion()

Table-specific data
resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnCount()
When using the result, remember that the index starts at 1, not 0

resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnName()
47

Using MetaData: Example

public class EmployeeServlet2 extends EmployeeServlet1 { protected void printTableTop(Connection connection, ResultSet resultSet, PrintWriter out) throws SQLException { // Look up info about the database as a whole. DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData = connection.getMetaData(); String productName = dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName(); String productVersion = dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion(); out.println("<UL>\n" + " <LI><B>Database:</B>\n" + productName + " <LI><B>Version:</B>\n" + productVersion + "</UL>");
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Using MetaData: Example (Continued)

out.println("<TABLE BORDER='1'>"); // Discover and print headings ResultSetMetaData resultSetMetaData = resultSet.getMetaData(); int columnCount = resultSetMetaData.getColumnCount(); out.println("<TR>"); // Column index starts at 1 (a la SQL), not 0 (a la Java). for(int i=1; i <= columnCount; i++) { out.printf("<TH>%s", resultSetMetaData.getColumnName(i)); } out.println(); } }

49

Using MetaData: Results

50

 2012 Marty Hall

(Parameterized Commands)
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Using Prepared Statements

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Overview
Situation
You are repeatedly executing query or update where format stays consistent, but values change You can make a parameterized query or update, then pass in values for the placeholders

Advantages
More convenient than string concatenation Significantly faster with most drivers and databases If values contain user data, much less susceptible to SQL injection attacks

52

From Randall Munroe and xkcd.com

Steps
Make a placeholder
Assume someTable has two columns (int and String)
String template = "INSERT INTO someTable VALUES(?, ?)"; PreparedStatement inserter = connection.prepareStatement(template);

Substitute in values
Use setInt(index), setString(index), etc. Remember indices start with 1, not 0.
for() { inserter.setInt(1, someInt); inserter.setString(2, someString) }

Execute command
inserter.executeUpdate();
53

Creating the Database

Roles
Most JDBC developers do not need to create the database That is the job of the database system admin

Apache Derby
You can run Derby-specific scripts and create the database interactively Or, you can use Java and JDBC
Using PreparedStatement simplifies the process

Simple myDatabase example

Created with Java and JDBC Triggered from a ServletContextListener so database creation code is executed at least once
54

Creating Sample Database

public class EmbeddedDbCreator { // Driver class not needed in JDBC 4.0 (Java SE 6) // private String driver = // "org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver"; private String protocol = "jdbc:derby:"; private String username = "someuser"; private String password = "somepassword"; private String dbName = "myDatabase"; private String tableName = "employees"; private Properties userInfo; public EmbeddedDbCreator() { userInfo = new Properties(); userInfo.put("user", username); userInfo.put("password", password); }
55

Creating Sample Database (Continued)

public void createDatabase() { Employee[] employees = { new Employee(1, "Larry", "Ellison", "CEO", 1234567890), new Employee(2, "Charles", "Phillips", "President", 23456789), new Employee(3, "Safra", "Catz", "President", 32654987), };

56

Creating Sample Database (Continued)

try { String dbUrl = protocol + dbName + ";create=true"; Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, userInfo); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); String format = "VARCHAR(20)"; String tableDescription = String.format ("CREATE TABLE %s" + "(id INT, firstname %s, lastname %s, " + "position %s, salary INT)", tableName, format, format, format); statement.execute(tableDescription);

57

Creating Sample Database (Continued)

String template = String.format("INSERT INTO %s VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", tableName); PreparedStatement inserter = connection.prepareStatement(template); for(Employee e: employees) { inserter.setInt(1, e.getEmployeeID()); inserter.setString(2, e.getFirstName()); inserter.setString(3, e.getLastName()); inserter.setString(4, e.getPosition()); inserter.setInt(5, e.getSalary()); inserter.executeUpdate(); System.out.printf("Inserted %s %s.%n", e.getFirstName(), e.getLastName()); } inserter.close(); connection.close();
58

Triggering Database Creation

Database needs to be created once
Not for every request Not even for every time server restarts

Goal
Create table when Web app is loaded
try/catch block in creation code halts process if table already exists

Possible approaches
Servlet with creation code in init, and web.xml with <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> ServletContextListener
Same effect as above, but more straightforward
59

For desktop apps, just manually run the code once.

Triggering Database Creation: Listener

package coreservlets; import javax.servlet.*; public class DatabaseInitializer implements ServletContextListener { public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { new EmbeddedDbCreator().createDatabase(); } public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {} }

60

Triggering Database Creation: web.xml

<listener> <listener-class> coreservlets.DatabaseInitializer </listener-class> </listener>

61

2012 Marty Hall

Advanced Features
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

Transactions
Idea
By default, after each SQL statement is executed the changes are automatically committed to the database Turn auto-commit off to group two or more statements together into a transaction
connection.setAutoCommit(false);

Call commit to permanently record the changes to the database after executing a group of statements Call rollback if an error occurs

63

Transactions: Example
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, userProperties); connection.setAutoCommit(false); try { statement.executeUpdate(...); statement.executeUpdate(...); ... connection.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { try { connection.rollback(); } catch (SQLException sqle) { // report problem } } finally { try { connection.close(); } catch (SQLException sqle) { } }
64

Useful Connection Methods (for Transactions)

getAutoCommit/setAutoCommit
By default, a connection is set to auto-commit Retrieves or sets the auto-commit mode

commit
Force all changes since the last call to commit to become permanent Any database locks currently held by this Connection object are released

rollback
Drops all changes since the previous call to commit Releases any database locks held by this Connection object
65

Using JNDI and DataSource

Idea
Use abstract name to get connection from a data source

Advantages
Lets you change data source without changing code Available in multiple Web apps for network databases (not embedded Derby!)

Disadvantage
Requires server-specific registration of data source

Code for steps 1-3 replaced by:

Context context = new InitialContext(); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)context.lookup ("java:comp/env/jdbc/dbName"); Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
66

DataSource: Tomcat Configuration (META-INF/context.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Context> <Resource name="jdbc/myDatabase" driverClassName="org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver" url="jdbc:derby:myDatabase" type="javax.sql.DataSource" username="someuser" password="somepassword" auth="Container" maxActive="8" /> </Context>

67

More JDBC Options

Stored procedures Changing buffer size Connection pooling Hibernate/JPA and other ORM tools
See tutorials at coreservlets.com

JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL)

Custom tags to hide JDBC details.
Some developers use JSTL to loop down the ResultSet. Disadvantage: ties presentation layer to JDBC. Some developers use JSTL to actually do queries. Simple. Disadvantage: very inflexible and violates MVC principle.
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 2012 Marty Hall

Wrap-Up
Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/
Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.

JDBC and Derby References

Books
JDBC API Tutorial and Reference by Maydene Fisher, Jon Ellis, and Jonathan Bruce (Prentice Hall) Expert Oracle JDBC Programming by R.M. Menon (APress) JDBC Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach by Mahmoud Parsian (APress)

Sun JDBC tutorial

http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/

Derby references
Derby beginners tutorial
http://db.apache.org/derby/papers/DerbyTut/

Derby 10.4 manuals

http://db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html#docs_10.4
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Summary
1. Load the driver

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Not required in Java 6; use Class.forName otherwise jdbc:vendor:blah (vendor gives exact format) DriverManager.getConnection connection.createStatement statement.executeQuery Loop using resultSet.next() Call getString, getInt, etc.

2. Define the Connection URL 3. Establish the Connection 4. Create a Statement object 5. Execute a query 6. Process the results 7. Close the connection

2012 Marty Hall

Questions?
JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Java 7, Ajax, jQuery, Hadoop, RESTful Web Services, Android, Spring, Hibernate, Servlets, JSP, GWT, and other Java EE training.

Customized Java EE Training: http://courses.coreservlets.com/

Java, JSF 2, PrimeFaces, Servlets, JSP, Ajax, jQuery, Spring, Hibernate, RESTful Web Services, Hadoop, Android.

Developed and taught by well-known author and developer. At public venues or onsite at your location.