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Half-Adder:: One-Bit Binary Numbers

A half-adder can add two one-bit binary numbers and outputs a sum using XOR and a carry using AND, but cannot handle carries from previous digits. A full adder can add three bits at once, including a carry bit, addressing the limitation of half-adders for multi-digit addition. A parallel binary adder uses half adders for the least significant bit and full adders for other bits to efficiently handle carries from less significant columns during multi-digit binary addition.

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31 views6 pages

Half-Adder:: One-Bit Binary Numbers

A half-adder can add two one-bit binary numbers and outputs a sum using XOR and a carry using AND, but cannot handle carries from previous digits. A full adder can add three bits at once, including a carry bit, addressing the limitation of half-adders for multi-digit addition. A parallel binary adder uses half adders for the least significant bit and full adders for other bits to efficiently handle carries from less significant columns during multi-digit binary addition.

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rupa_13
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Half-Adder:

A combinational circuit which adds two one-bit binary numbers is called a half-adder.

o The sum column resembles like an output of the XOR gate. o The carry column resembles like an output of the AND gate.

Limitations (disadvantages) of half-adder:


o In multi-digit addition we have to add two bits along with the carry of previous digit addition. Such addition requires addition of 3 bits. This is not possible in half-adders.

Full Adder:
o In a full adder, three bits can be added at a time. The third bit is a carry from a less significant column.

Alternate Representation of Full-Adder:

Parallel Binary Adder


o While we add the LSB, there is no carry to be handled and thus, only a half adder is used for this stage. o For any other bit addition, there may be a carry from the preceding stage and thus, full adders are used for these stages.

Example:

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