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V = (, ... ,) : → R ∈ = α α α = (α, ... α) α α α V = ∑ α U V ∈ (,) =, ... ( ) U V: (,) → ∈ (,) = U V

The document defines vector spaces and basis sets, and discusses how to represent linear transformations between vector spaces using matrices. Specifically, it defines the matrix representation MtxV,U(T) of a linear transformation T from a vector space X to a vector space Y, where U and V are basis sets for X and Y respectively. The first subscript identifies the basis for the codomain and the second subscript identifies the basis for the domain. It provides examples of different matrix representations depending on the choice of bases.

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65 views9 pages

V = (, ... ,) : → R ∈ = α α α = (α, ... α) α α α V = ∑ α U V ∈ (,) =, ... ( ) U V: (,) → ∈ (,) = U V

The document defines vector spaces and basis sets, and discusses how to represent linear transformations between vector spaces using matrices. Specifically, it defines the matrix representation MtxV,U(T) of a linear transformation T from a vector space X to a vector space Y, where U and V are basis sets for X and Y respectively. The first subscript identifies the basis for the codomain and the second subscript identifies the basis for the domain. It provides examples of different matrix representations depending on the choice of bases.

Uploaded by

rambori
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Denitions:

Given an n-dimensional vector space X and basis set V = {v1 , ..., vn } for X , the coordinate mapping crdV : X Rn is dened by, for x X , crdV (x) = = (1 , ...n ), where is the unique linear combination of the i elements of V s.t. x = n i =1 i v . Let X and Y be n- and m-dimensional vector spaces with basis sets U and V. Given T L(X , Y ), dene M T by for i = 1, ...n, the i th column of M T is crdV (T (vi )). M T is the matrix representation of T given bases U and V. Dene the mapping MtxV,U : L(X , Y ) Fmn by for T L(X , Y ), MtxV,U (T ) = M T , the matrix rep. of T given bases U and V.
1

FIRST subscript identies the basis w.r.t. which points in codomain of T are represented. SECOND subscript identies the basis set on which T is dened

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e2 = (0, 1)

a vector v V v

matrix rep of v w.r.t. std basis v = (1.5, 2)

matrix rep of v w.r.t. alt basis v = (2.23, 1.12)

b
e1 = (1, 0)

5 1)/ (2,

Figure 1. Dierent representations of a vector

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u2
1 0.5

T (u2 ) T (u1 )
1 2

-1

-0.5

0.5

u1

-2

-1

-1 -0.5

-2 -1

Figure 2. We know nothing about the matrix A, only know what T does to U

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T (v1 ) =

3 3 , 2 2

v2
0.5

v1 T (v2 ) =
0.5 1

1 , 12 2
-2 -1

-1

-0.5

-1 -0.5

-2 -1

Figure 3. MtxU,V (T ): the transformation of V by T , expressed in terms of U

FIRST subscripti.e., Uidenties basis (i.e., standard one) in terms of which points in the codomain of T are represented SECOND subscripti.e., Videnties the points in the domain of T for which T is initially dened.
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; ;
1 2

T (v1 ) = (3, 0)

v2
0.5

v1 T (v2 ) = (0, 1)
0.5 1 -2 -1 1

-1

-0.5

-1 -0.5

-2 -1

Figure 4. MtxV,V (T ): the transformation of V by T , expressed in terms of V

FIRST subscripti.e., Videnties basis (i.e., basis of e/vs) in terms of which points in the codomain of T are represented SECOND subscripti.e., Videnties the points in the domain of T for which T is initially dened.
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u2
1 XD 0.5

T (u2 ) = (2.1213, 0.7071)


2 1

T (u1 ) = (2.1213, 0.7071)


1 2

-1

-0.5

0.5

1 1u

-2

-1

-1 -0.5

-2 -1

Figure 5. MtxV,U (T ): the transformation of U by T , expressed in terms of V

FIRST subscripti.e., Videnties basis (i.e., basis of e/vs) in terms of which points in the codomain of T are represented SECOND subscripti.e., Uidenties the points in the domain of T for which T is initially dened.
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Theorem: Let X , Y and Z be nite dimensional vector spaces with bases U,V and W respectively, and suppose S L(X , Y ) and T L(Y , Z ). Then MtxW,V (T ) MtxV,U (S )

MtxW,U (T S )

(1)

where for x X , the composition mapping T S is dened by, for x X , T S (x) = T (S (x)).

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u2
1

v2 = S (u2 )
0.5

v1 = S (u1 ) u1
1

T (v1 ) = T S (u1 )

T (v2 ) = T S (u2 )
-2 -1

-1

-0.5

0.5

-1 -0.5

-2 -1

Figure 6. The mapping T : what it does to the new basis set V

Example #1: S dened by S (ui ) = vi , i.e., i th basis element i th e/vector


MtxV,U (S ) = 1 0 0 . 1

T dened by T (vi ) = Avi = i vi , i.e., takes e/vs to their images


MtxW,V (T ) = 3 0 0 . 1 3 0 0 . 1
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T S takes each ui to i vi .
MtxW,U (T S ) =
()

Example #2: 1 X is the space of 2nd order polynomials on R, i.e., x : R R X if for all R, x () = 0 + 1 + 2 2 , for some 0 , 1 , 2 R. Let U = {u1 , u2 , u3 } = {1, , 2 }.
2

Y is the space of 1st order polynomials on R, i.e., y () = 0 + 1 . Let V = {v1 , v2 } = {1, }. Z is the space of zeroth order polynomials on R, i.e., z () = 0 . Let S L(X , Y ): S (x ) = x = T L(Y , Z ): T (y ) = y =
dx () . d dx () . d

W = {w1 } = {1}.
4

MtxV,U (S ) =

0 0

1 0 1 .

0 . 2

MtxW,V (T ) = 0
d 2 x () . d 2

MtxW,U (T ) = 0

T S L(X , Z ): (T S )(x ) = x = 0

2 = MtxW,V (T ) MtxV,U (S )
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()

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