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Square Matrix Multiplied Identity Matrix: Inverse of A Matrix Matrix Inverse Multiplicative Inverse of A Matrix

The document discusses matrix inverses and methods for calculating them. A matrix inverse A-1 exists only for square matrices where multiplying A and A-1 results in the identity matrix I. Not all square matrices have inverses. Methods for calculating inverses include using formulas for 2x2 matrices, transforming an augmented matrix to place the identity matrix next to the inverse, and using the adjoint or cofactor matrix. Determinants and cofactor matrices are also briefly introduced in relation to calculating inverses.

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Irene Quiñones
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95 views3 pages

Square Matrix Multiplied Identity Matrix: Inverse of A Matrix Matrix Inverse Multiplicative Inverse of A Matrix

The document discusses matrix inverses and methods for calculating them. A matrix inverse A-1 exists only for square matrices where multiplying A and A-1 results in the identity matrix I. Not all square matrices have inverses. Methods for calculating inverses include using formulas for 2x2 matrices, transforming an augmented matrix to place the identity matrix next to the inverse, and using the adjoint or cofactor matrix. Determinants and cofactor matrices are also briefly introduced in relation to calculating inverses.

Uploaded by

Irene Quiñones
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inverse of a Matrix Matrix Inverse Multiplicative Inverse of a Matrix For a square matrix A, the inverse is written A-1.

When A is multiplied by A-1 the result is the identity matrix I. Nonsquare matrices do not have inverses. Note: Not all square matrices have inverses. A square matrix which has an inverse is called invertible or nonsingular, and a square matrix without an inverse is called noninvertible or singular.

AA-1 = A-1A = I

Example: For matrix since

, its inverse is

AA-1 = .

and A-1A =

Here are three ways to find the inverse of a matrix: 1. Shortcut for 2x2 matrices

For

, the inverse can be found using this formula:

Example:

2. Augmented matrix method Use Gauss-Jordan elimination to transform [ A | I ] into [ I | A-1 ].

Example: The following steps result in

so we see that

3. Adjoint method

A-1 =

(adjoint of A) or A-1 =

(cofactor matrix of A)T

Example: The following steps result in A-1 for

The cofactor matrix for A is

, so the adjoint

is

. Since det A = 22, we get

Determinant A single number obtained from a matrix that reveals a variety of the matrix's properties. Determinants of small matrices are written and evaluated as shown below. Determinants may also be found using expansion by cofactors. Note: Although a determinant looks like an absolute value it is not. The determinant of a matrix may be negative or positive.

Cofactor Matrix Matrix of Cofactors A matrix with elements that are the cofactors, term-by-term, of a given square matrix.

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