Classroom Language: The beginning of the lesson

1. Good morning

". #aiting to start

Good morning, everybody. Good afternoon, everybody. Hello, everyone. Hello there, James.

!'m waiting for you to be (uiet. )e won't start until everyone is (uiet. *to& tal$ing and be (uiet. *ettle down now so we #an start.

2. How are you?

$. %ut your things away

How are you today? How are you getting on? How's life? How are things with you? Are you feeling better today, Bill?

+lose your boo$s. ,ut your boo$s away. ,a#$ your things away.

&. 'egister

3. Introdu tions

)ho is absent today? )ho isn't here today? )hat's the matter with Jim today? )hat's wrong with Jim today? )hy were you absent last -riday, ?

My name is Mr/Mrs/Ms im. !'m your new "nglish tea#her. !'ll be tea#hing you "nglish this year. !'ve got five lessons with you ea#h wee$.

(. Late

!. Time to begin

%et's begin our lesson now. !s everybody ready to start? ! ho&e you are all ready for your "nglish lesson. ! thin$ we #an start now. 'ow we #an get down to wor$.

)here have you been? )e started ten minutes ago. )hat have you been doing? .id you miss your bus? .id you overslee&? .on't let it ha&&en again.

Classroom Language: )im*le instru tions

+ome in. Go out. *tand u&. *it down. +ome to the front of the #lass.

*tand by your des$s. ,ut your hands u&. ,ut your hands down. Hold your boo$s/&ens u&. *how me your &en#il.

A number of instru#tions #an be used at the beginning of a session/

,ay attention, everybody. 0ou need &en#ils/rulers. )e'll learn how to ... Are you ready? 1&en your boo$s at &age... 2urn to &age ... %oo$ at a#tivity five.

%isten to this ta&e. 3e&eat after me. Again, &lease. "verybody ... 0ou have five minutes to do this. )ho's ne4t? %i$e this, not li$e that.

A number of instru#tions #an be used at the end of a session/

!t's time to finish. Have you finished? %et's sto& now. *to& now. %et's #he#$ the answers.

Any (uestions? +olle#t your wor$ &lease. ,a#$ u& your boo$s. Are your des$s tidy? .on't forget to bring your ... tomorrow.

!nstru#tions #an also be se(uen#ed/

-irst 'e4t After that

2hen -inally

Com*rehension language:

Are you ready? Are you with me? Are you 1 ? 1 so far? .o you get it? .o you understand? .o you follow me?

)hat did you say? 1ne more time, &lease. *ay it again, &lease. ! don't understand. ! don't get it. %i$e this? !s this 1 ?

Classroom Language: The end of the lesson

Ba#$ to your &la#es.

!t's almost time to sto&. !'m afraid it's time to finish now. )e'll have to sto& here. 2here's the bell. !t's time to sto&. 2hat's all for today. 0ou #an go now.

2. +ot time to sto*

2he bell hasn't gone yet. 2here are still two minutes to go. )e still have a #ou&le of minutes left. 2he lesson doesn't finish till five &ast. 0our wat#h must be fast. )e seem to have finished early. )e have an e4tra five minutes. *it (uietly until the bell goes.

3. #ait a minute

Hang on a moment. Just hold on a moment. *tay where you are for a moment. Just a moment, &lease. 1ne more thing before you go.

". Homewor,

Have a good holiday. "n:oy your va#ation.

2his is your homewor$ for tonight. .o e4er#ise 56 on &age 78 for your homewor$. ,re&are the ne4t #ha&ter for Monday. 2here is no homewor$ today. 3emember your homewor$. 2a$e a wor$sheet as you leave.

&. Lea-ing the room

Get into a (ueue. -orm a (ueue and wait for the bell. "verybody outside; All of you get outside now; Hurry u& and get out; 2ry not to ma$e any noise as you leave. Be (uiet as you leave. 1ther #lasses are still wor$ing. !t's tidy u& time %ine u&
<"va =igil suggested it> <"va =igil suggested it>

$. Goodbye

Goodbye, everyone. *ee you again ne4t )ednesday. *ee you tomorrow afternoon. *ee you in room 9 after the brea$.

!. +e.t time

)e'll do the rest of this #ha&ter ne4t time. )e'll finish this e4er#ise ne4t lesson. )e've run out of time, so we'll #ontinue ne4t lesson. )e'll #ontinue this #ha&ter ne4t Monday.

Classroom Language: The language of s*ontaneous situations

)e relate the target language to the learner's immediate environment. )e ta$e advantage of s&ontaneous situations to use the target language. )e e4&loit #onte4ts whi#h are not dire#tly lin$ed to the syllabus <language in use>.

Here are some #ommon situations in whi#h s&ontaneous "nglish #an be used/

Ha&&y birthday; Many returns <of the day>. ?@ has his/her 57th birthday today. ?@ is eleven today. %et's sing AHa&&y BirthdayA. Best of lu#$. Good lu#$. ! ho&e you &ass. +ongratulations; )ell done; )ho's not here today? )ho isn't here? )hat's wrong with ... today? !'m sorry <about that>. *orry, that was my fault. !'m terribly sorry.

! ho&e you all have a good +hristmas. Ha&&y 'ew 0ear; All the best for the 'ew 0ear. Ha&&y "aster. Hard lines; 'ever mind. Better lu#$ ne4t time.

.o you feel better today? Are you better now? Have you been ill? )hat was the matter? "4#use me for a moment. !'ll be ba#$ in a moment. +arry on with the e4er#ise while !'m away. !'ve got to go ne4t door for a moment. !'m afraid ! #an't s&ea$ any louder. ! seem to be losing my voi#e. ! have a sore throat. ! have a heada#he. !'m feeling under the weather. .o you mind if ! sit down?

"4#use me. +ould ! get &ast &lease? 0ou're blo#$ing the way. ! #an't get &ast you. Get out of the way, &lease.

Classroom Language: The language of lassroom management

Ma$e grou&s of four. Move your des$s into grou&s of four &eo&le. 2urn your des$s around. Ma$e a horseshoe sha&e with your des$s. Ma$e a #ir#le with your des$s. Ma$e a line of des$s fa#ing ea#h other. Ma$e grou&s of four des$s fa#ing ea#h other. *it ba#$ to ba#$. )or$ together with your friend. -ind a &artner. )or$ in &airs/threes/fours/fives. )or$ in grou&s of two/three/four. ! want you to form grou&s. -orm grou&s of three. Here are some tas$s for you to wor$ on in grou&s of four. "verybody wor$ individually. )or$ by yourselves. )or$ inde&endently. As$ your neighbour for hel&. )or$ on the tas$ together. Have you finished? .o the ne4t a#tivity. Move on to the ne4t a#tivity.

2here are too many in this grou&. +an you :oin the other grou&? 1nly three &eo&le in ea#h grou&. ! as$ed for four &eo&le to a grou&.

As$ other &eo&le in the grou&. As$ others in the #lass. !nterview someone else. As$ everyone in the #lass. *tand u& and find another &artner.

Classroom Language: Language of lassroom management

*e(uen#ing

1&en your boo$s at &age B7. +ome out and write it on the board. %isten to the ta&e, &lease. Get into grou&s of four. -inish off this song at home. %et's sing a song. "verybody, &lease. All together now. 2he whole #lass, &lease. ! want you all to :oin in. +ould you try the ne4t one? ! would li$e you to write this down. )ould you mind swit#hing the lights on? !t might be an idea to leave this till ne4t time. )ho would li$e to read? )hi#h to&i# will your grou& re&ort on? .o you want to answer (uestion 8? %oo$ this way. *to& tal$ing. %isten to what ... is saying. %eave that alone now. Be #areful.

-irst of all, today, ... 3ight. 'ow we will go on to the ne4t e4er#ise. Have you finished? -or the last thing today, let's ... )hose turn is it to read? )hi#h (uestion are you on? 'e4t one, &lease. )ho hasn't answered yet? %et me e4&lain what ! want you to do ne4t. 2he idea of this e4er#ise is for you to ... 0ou have ten minutes to do this. 0our time is u&. -inish this by twenty to eleven. +an you all see the board? Have you found the &la#e? Are you all ready?

*u&ervision

Interrogation

As$ing (uestions

3es&onding to (uestions

)here's Bill? !s Bill in the $it#hen? 2ell me where Bill is. )hat was the house li$e? )hat do you thin$? How #an you tell?

0es, that's right, -ine. Almost. 2ry again. )hat about this word?

1.*lanation Metalanguage

3eferen#e

)hat's the *&anish for AdollA? "4&lain it in your own words. !t's s&elt with a #a&ital AJA. +an anybody #orre#t this senten#e? -ill in the missing words. Mar$ the right alternative.

After they left the C*A, the Beatles ... 2he #hur#h was started in the last #entury. 2his is a &i#ture of a ty&i#ally "nglish #astle. !n the ba#$ground you #an see ... )hile we're on the sub:e#t, ... As ! said earlier, ... %et me sum u&.

Intera tion Affe#tive attitudes

*o#ial ritual

2hat's interesting; 2hat really is very $ind of you. .on't worry about it. ! was a bit disa&&ointed with your efforts.

Good morning. +heerio now. God bless; Have a ni#e wee$end. 2han$s for your hel&. Ha&&y birthday; Merry +hristmas;

Classroom Language: The language of error orre tion

=ery good. 2hat's very good. )ell done. =ery fine. 2hat's ni#e. ! li$e that. Marvellous;

0ou did a great :ob. Magnifi#ent; 2errifi#; )ow; Jolly good; Great stuff; -antasti#;

3ight; 0es; -ine. Duite right 2hat's right. 2hat's it. 2hat's #orre#t. 2hat's (uite right. 0es, you've got it. 0ou've got the idea. 0ou were almost right. 2hat's almost it. 0ou're halfway there. 0ou've almost got it. 0ou're on the right lines. 2here's no need to rush. 2here's no hurry. )e have &lenty of time Go on. Have a try. Have a go. Have a guess.

!t de&ends. !t might be, ! su&&ose. !n a way, &erha&s. *ort of, yes. 2hat's more li$e it. 2hat's mu#h better. 2hat's a lot better. 0ou've im&roved a lot.

'ot really. Cnfortunately not. !'m afraid that's not (uite right. 0ou #an't say that, !'m afraid. 0ou #an't use that word here. Good try, but not (uite right. Have another try. 'ot (uite right. 2ry again. 'ot e4a#tly.

2here's nothing wrong with your answer. )hat you said was &erfe#tly all right. 0ou didn't ma$e a single mista$e. 2hat's e4a#tly the &oint. 2hat's :ust what ! was loo$ing for. 0ou have good &ronun#iation. 0our &ronun#iation is very good. 0ou are #ommuni#ating well. 0ou s&ea$ very fluently. 0ou have made a lot of &rogress.

.on't worry about your &ronun#iation. .on't worry about your s&elling. .on't worry, it'll im&rove. Maybe this will hel& you. .o you want a #lue <hint>? 0ou still have some trouble with &ronun#iation. 0ou need more &ra#ti#e with these words. 0ou'll have to s&end some time &ra#tising this. 0ou're getting better at it all the time. 0ou've im&roved no end.