Student Workbook - Unit 1 - Patterns Equations
Student Workbook - Unit 1 - Patterns Equations
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Input/Output Machines
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Quick Review
This is an Input/Output machine. It can be used to make a growing pattern. Each input is multiplied by 9 to get the output. If you input 1, the output is 9. If you input 2, the output is 18. The pattern rule for the output is: Start at 9. Add 9 each time.
Input 1 2 3 4 Output 9 18 27 36
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5 45 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Try These
1. Complete the table of values for each Input/Output machine. a) b)
Input 17 16 15 14 13 12
Output
Input 40 36 32 28 24 20
Output
11 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
16 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
2. Look at the tables of values in question 1. Write the pattern rule for each group of terms. a) the output numbers in part a) ________________________________ b) the input numbers in part b) _________________________________
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Practice
1. Complete the table of values for each Input/Output machine. a)
Input 93 90 87 84 81 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Output
b)
Input 305 310 315 320 325 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Output
2. Look at the tables of values. Write the number and the operation in each machine. a) b)
Output 42 40 38 36
Input 11 20 29 38
680 34 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
47 611 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
UNIT 1
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Quick Review
This Input/Output machine divides each input by 2, then adds 3. The pattern rule that relates the input to the output is: Divide the input by 2. Then add 3. We can use this rule to predict the output for any input. For an input of 70, the output is: 70 2 + 3 = 38 2
Input 20 30 40 50 60
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+3
Output 13 18 23 28 33
Try These
1. Each table of values shows the input and output from a machine with 1 operation. Write the number and the operation in each machine. a) b)
Input 2 4 6 8 10
Output 4 8 12 16 20
Input 24 20 16 12 8
Output 6 5 4 3 2
2. Write the pattern rule that relates the input to the output for each table of values in question 1. a) b)
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Practice
1. Each table shows the input and output from a machine with 2 operations. For each table, write the numbers and the operations in the machine. a)
Input 4 5 6 7 Output 25 32 39 46
b)
Input 50 55 60 65
Output 20 22 24 26
c)
Input 7 8 9 10
Output 26 28 30 32
2. Write the pattern rule that relates the input to the output for each table in question 1. a) b) c) 3. This table shows the input and output from a machine with 2 operations. a) Write the numbers and the operations in the machine. b) Write the next 3 input and output numbers. c) Predict the output when the input is 100.
Input 25 30 35 Output 15 18 21
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Quick Review
The pattern rule for the output is: Start at 5. Add 2 each time. This suggests the input numbers are multiplied by 2. Multiply input 3 by 2: 3 2 = 6 To get output 9, add 3. The pattern rule that relates the input to the output is: Multiply by 2. Then add 3. We can use a variable in an expression to represent this rule. Let the letter n represent any input number. Then, the expression 2n + 3 relates the input to the output.
Input 1 2 3 4 5 Input 1 2 3 4 5
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2n+3
Try These
1. Complete each table of values, then write an expression that relates the input to the output. a)
Input 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Output 3 8 13 18 23
b)
Input 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Output 9 14 19 24 29
c)
Input 0 1 2 3 4 5
Output 4 10 16 22 28
Practice
1. Here is a pattern of triangles.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
a) Complete the table. b) Write the pattern rule. c) Write an expression for the pattern. d) Find the number of triangles in the 8th figure.
Figure 1 2 3 4
Number of Triangles
b)
Input 2 3 4 5
Output 4 9 14 19
UNIT 1
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Quick Review
Vertical axis
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We use an ordered pair to describe the coordinates of a point on a grid. The coordinates of point A are (5, 7).
10 8 6 4 2 A
0 The origin is the point where the 2 4 6 8 10 Horizontal axis horizontal and vertical axes meet. In an ordered pair: The first number tells the horizontal distance from the origin. The second number tells the vertical distance from the origin.
The coordinates of point B are (3, 2). To plot point B: Start at 0, move 3 squares right, then move 2 squares up.
Try These
1. a) Name the letter on the grid represented by each ordered pair. (2, 5) (9, 6) (6, 7) (7, 2) (1, 4) (3, 8)
Vertical axis
10 8 6 E 4 2 0 C B A D F
b) Plot each point on the grid. G(5, 4), H(10, 10), I(0, 9), J(0, 2), K(8, 1), L(10, 4)
4 6 8 Horizontal axis
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Practice
1. Plot each set of ordered pairs on the coordinate grid. Join the points in order. Join the last point to the first point. Name each polygon you have drawn. A: (8, 6), (6, 6), (6, 8), (8, 8) B: (0, 3), (4, 0), (6, 0), (2, 3) C: (1, 6), (1, 10), (4, 10), (4, 6) D: (7, 1), (6, 3), (8, 5), (10, 3), (9, 1)
Vertical axis
2. Plot 6 points on the grid. Label the points A to F. Record the ordered pairs. A: C: E: B: D: F:
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Horizontal axis
UNIT 1
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Quick Review
Here are some ways to represent a pattern. Model the pattern on grid paper.
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Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Make a table.
Figure Number 1 2 3 4 Number of Squares 5 6 7 8 Ordered Pair (1, 5) (2, 6) (3, 7) (4, 8)
Draw a graph.
Number of Squares Number of Squares in a Pattern 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Figure Number
Try These
1. Henry made this pattern.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Number of Squares
2 4 6 8 10 Figure Number
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Practice
1. a) Describe the relationship shown in the table.
Figure Number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of Squares 1 3 5 7 9
c) Graph the pattern. d) How many squares are needed for Figure 10?
10 Number of Squares 8 6 4 2 0
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Figure Number
1 2 3 4 1 2 4 8
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Understanding Equality
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Quick Review
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Each of these scales is balanced. The expression in one pan is equal to the expression in the other pan. 48 8 23 48 8 = 6 and 23=6 So, 48 8 = 2 3 56 + 30 = 86 and 100 14 = 86 So, 56 + 30 = 100 14
56 + 30
100 14
When we add 2 numbers, their order does not affect the sum. This is called the commutative property of addition. 7+5=5+7 a+b=b+a When we multiply 2 numbers, their order does not affect the product. This is called the commutative property of multiplication. 63=36 ab=ba
Try These
1. Rewrite each expression using a commutative property. a) 9 + 6 c) 751 + 242 2. Are these scales balanced? How do you know? b) 7 4 d) 27 8 40 + 17 + 52 184 71
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Practice
1. Work with a partner. Write an expression in one pan of a balance scale. Your partner writes a different expression to balance the scale. Continue with each balance scale. Switch roles at each turn.
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Draw a line to join pairs of expressions that balance. a) Expressions 89 522 9 75 + 31 10 10 2 53 24 + 76 314 242 29 2 b) Expressions 764 320 76 52 36 6 52 + 73 4000 48 18 3 5 25 4 111
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UNIT 1
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Quick Review
We can model this equation with counters: 3 + 3 = 4 + 2 Multiply each side by 2. 62=62 When each side of an equation is changed in the same way, the values remain equal. This is called the preservation of equality. Suppose we know 8 = 4m. We can model this equation with paper strips.
8 m m m m
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To preserve the equality, we can subtract the same number from each side. m m 8 2 = 4m 2 So, 8 2 = 4m 2 is an equivalent form of 8 = 4m.
2 8
Try These
1. Model each equation with counters. Use counters to model the preservation of equality. Record your work. a) 3 + 2 = 1 + 4 b) 18 3 = 3 2
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Practice
1. Use addition to preserve the equality of each equation. a) b)
2. Use subtraction to preserve the equality of each equation in question 1. a) 3. a) Write an equation for each diagram. i)
n n 2 n n
b)
ii)
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4 y
b) Use multiplication to preserve the equality of each equation. Record your work. i) ii)
c) 8 6 = 12 4
d) 5 + 19 = 6s
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