Seminar Report On

BARCODES

Submitted by: M. SAILAJA II MCA, (III Sem.) REG.NO: Y4MC14015

Submitted to: Department of Computer Science, Mahatma Gandhi Co e!e ("G Cour#e#), Edu apa em, Guntur.

CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION. TYPES OF BARCODES. BARCODE READERS. BARCODE SCANNERS. BARCODE PRINTERS. BARCODE SOFTWARE. APPLICATIONS OF BARCODES. LIMITATIONS OF BARCODES. BENEFITS OF BARCODES. CONCLUSION.

INTRODUCTION: E$amp e ta%e a #e er, &efore in'entin! &arcode#, he u#e# a price i#t for %no(in! the detai # of item. )ut it i# 'er* con#umin! for &oth #earchin! and preparin! the price i#t. +ater thi# retai out et i# computeri,ed .In the#e detai # of item# (ere a read* %ept in data&a#e. -#in! the code num&er of the item the #e er acce## the detai # of the item. )ut here a #o #ome pro& em# ari#e. .e mu#t remem&er the code num&er of each item and (hene'er the price chan!e#, (e mu#t update the entire data&a#e. If ne( product come# into e$i#tence, then (e ha'e to !i'e ne( code to that product. It i# ri#%* proce##. If (e u#e &arcode#, there i# no #uch pro& em. .e !et on ine information (ithout !i'in! an* data to the computer. If the manufacturin! compan* produce# ar!e /uantit* of product#, then the#e &arcode# are 'er* u#efu . 0he idea (a# come in 1234.)ut it imp ement ta%e man* *ear#. 0he actua u#a!e of &arcode# (a# #tarted in 1256.7rom a#t 18 *ear# u#a!e of &arcode# increa#e# rapid *. 7ir#t &arcode product i# .ren! *9# chec%in! #um and it i# #canned at mar#h9# #uper mar%et around 48 *ear# a!o. 0hen the itt e &arcode ha# increa#ed and mu titude and toda* one can #ee &arcode# printed on e'er* item in retai 9# #tore# throu!hout the (or d.

No( (e are o&#er'in! the#e &arcode# in e'er* item that (e come acro##. 0hi# i# u#efu for &oth manufacturer and #e er. .hat i# &arcode: It con#i#t# of para e and ad;acent &ar#. It a #o con#i#t# of #ome narro( &ar# and #ome (ide &ar#. 0he (idth and hei!ht of &ar# are #pecified accordin! to the num&er# or character# !i'en to it. )ut the actua data %ept on the &ar#. 0he#e num&er# are on * for reference#. Structure of &arcode#: 0he &a#ic #tructure of &arcode# con#i#t# of a #tart and #top character#. And one or more data character# and a chec% #um character. Start and #top character# are u#efu for &arcode reader# for %no(in! (here the &arcode i# #tarted and (here it i# ended. 0he data character con#i#t# of &atch num&er, price of the item, countr* name, item code etc. 0he chec% #um character i# u#ed for %no(in! (hether the &arcode reader #can the &arcode correct * or not. TYPES OF BARCODES: .e are u#in! three t*pe# of &arcode#. 0he* are< 1.Numeri !"#$% &'r "(e). *.A$+,'! #umeri &'r "(e). -.T."!(ime#/i"#'$ &'r "(e).

1.Numeri !"#$% &'r "(e): 0hi# t*pe of &arcode# repre#ent# on * num&er#. 0he#e numeric on * &arcode# are mo#t * u#ed in retai mar%et and manufacturin! indu#tr*. S*m&o a!ie# u#ed in numeric<on * &arcode# are< EAN!1-: 0he#e &arcode #tandard i# u#ed &* a o'er the (or d e$cept America and Canada. 0hi# i# main * u#ed in retai #a e#. It con#i#t# of 13 num&er#. 7ir#t 4 or 3 num&er repre#ent# countr* name (here the product i# manufactured and ne$t = or 8 num&er# repre#ent# code. Ne$t 8 num&er# repre#ent# product and a#t num&er repre#ent# chec% #um. Chec% #um i# u#ed to %no( (hether the &arcode i# #canned correct * or not. It i# prepared u#in! &efore 14 num&er#. 0he chec% #um i# prepared &a#ed on modu o16 ca cu ation. 7ir#t it ta%e# the e'en num&er #um and mu tip ied it (ith 3.0hen add odd num&er #um and #u&tract thi# 'a ue from the neare#t 16 mu tip e. 0hen the 'a ue i# e/ua to a#t di!it of the &arcode. .hen the product i# #canned, then it ca cu ate# the chec% #um. If it matche# then (e can identif* that the &arcode i# #canned correct *. EAN!0: 0hi# i# #imi ar to Ean<13. 0he on * difference i#, EAN<13 u#e# 13 num&er# (here a# EAN<> u#e# > num&er#. If on * e## #pace a'ai a& e for a

product or to repre#ent e## data then thi# #*m&o i# u#ed. It i# a compre##ed 'er#ion. UPC!A: America and Canada u#e thi# &arcode#. 0he product# manufactured #o d &* America and Canada u#e thi# &arcode. .hen an* other countrie# (ant to #e their product# to America and Canada the#e t*pe of &arcode# are mu#t. It con#i#t# of 14 num&er#. 7ir#t num&er repre#ent# for (hich the product i# u#ed and the ne$t 8 num&er# repre#ent# the manufactured ID and ne$t 8 num&er# repre#ent# the code of that product and the a#t num&er repre#ent# chec% #um. 0he chec% #um ca cu ation i# #imi ar to ca cu ation in EAN. )ut the method u#ed for e'en and odd num&er# i# different. In EAN, (e mu tip * e'en num&er #um (ith 3 &ut here, (e mu tip * the odd num&er #um (ith Remainin! i# #ame a# EAN. *.A$+,'! #umeri &'r "(e): In thi# &arcode#, &oth num&er# and character#. 0he #*&o o!ie# u#ed in thi# t*pe of &arcode# are< CODE -1: It i# u#ed in a factorie# and !o'ernment or!ani,ation in a o'er the (or d. 0hi# #*m&o i# a #o ca ed a# -D"<3 or 3of2.0hi# reco!ni,ed &*

ANSI. 0he &ar# in code repre#ent# 6 to 2 di!it#, A<? character# and #pecia character#. Each &arcode con#i#t# of #tart and #top character. Each character con#i#t# of 18 &arcode e ement#. It doe#n9t con#i#t of chec% #um. CODE 1-: It i# #imi ar to CODE 32.)ut on * difference i# , in CODE 32 , each character repre#ent# 18 e ement# (here a# in CODE 23 ,each character repre#ent# 13 e ement#. So, thi# i# #ma 'er#ion of CODE 32. CODE 1*0: 0hi# &arcode i# u#ed in a the fie d#. @ere (e can u#e &oth upper and o(er ca#e etter# and di!it# from 6 to 2 and #*m&o # and code#. 0he#e code# are di'ided into 3 #u&#et# name * A, ), C.0hi# i# &ecau#e to u#e more num&er of code#. Each #u&#et i# #tart# (ith #eparate code. It ha# the faci it* to chan!e from one #u&#et to another at the midd e of the code. )* addin! a contro character, (e can chan!e from one #u&#et to another. 0he* are< Su&)e/!A: ASCII #*m&o #, capita #, contro character#. Su&)e/!B: ASCII #*m&o #, #ma etter.

Su&)e/!C: @ere compre##ed character# are u#ed. i.e. t(o Character# are compre##ed to form a character.

It con#i#t# of chec% #um. )ut &a#ed on the #u&#et the chec% #um i# ca cu ated. It i# a #o ca ed Modu o 163. 0he ca cu ation of chec% #um i# difficu t. -.T."!(ime#/i"#'$ &'r "(e): Genera *, (e u#e one<dimen#iona &arcode#. )ut in thi# (e can u#e on * 46 to 48 character#. 0o repre#ent# more character# (e u#e 4D &arcode#. PDF!412: It i# rectan! e in #hape. -#in! thi# (e can #tore 1>66 ASCII character# or 1166 &inar* character#. 0hi# #*m&o #i,e can &e chan!ed u#in! the data it #tore#. If it con#i#t# of ar!e amount of data, then (e can di'ide it into t(o "D7<=15 &arcode# and in% them to!ether. So, (e can #tore an* amount of data u#in! in%#. It i# main * u#ed (hen (e (ant to #end ar!e amount of data o'er ta& e# and to repre#ent to the technica #pecification# and co a&oration# on e ectrica product#. It i# a #o u#ed to #tore the fin!erer print# for dri'in! icen#e. D'/' m'/ri3: It can #tore one to t(o thou#and character#. It i# #/uare in #hape ha'in! 6.661 to 1= inche# #ide. 0hi# t*pe of &arcode# a #o printed 4=<pin ("/ matri$. It i# u#ed to print the product information on e ectric p ate#,

#eria num&er# to identif* medica in#trument# in J'+'#4 en#e# and circuit &oard#. M'3i "(e: 0hi# &arcode# #tore# 23 character#. If (e (ant to #tore ar!e amount of data in #ma area then it i# u#ed. 0hi# i# #imi ar to )u # E*e. It (a# de'e oped &* -"S (-nited "arce Ser'ice). 0o #tart pac%a!e# o'er fa#t con'e*er en#, it i# u#ed. BARCODE WOR5IN6: )arcode (or%# on the &a#i# of character reco!ni,ation for identif*. 0he#e character# &arcode reader i# u#ed for %no(in! the detai # of the product. )arcode reader con#i#t# of Scanner, decoder and ca& e (it act# a# interface &et(een reader and pc. 0he #canned data tran#ferred to pc). .hen thi# i# pa##ed o'er the &arcode the i!ht #ource of #canner o&#er'e# the dar% &ar% &ut it i# not ref ected. It i# ref ected &* i!ht #pace#. A photoce detector in the #canner recei'e# the ref ected i!ht #pace# and con'ert# the i!ht into e ectronic #i!na . 0he decoder con'ert# thi# #i!na # into character#. 0he#e character# pa##ed to computer thro( an interface. )arcode reader i# u#ed for %no(in! the detai #, (hich are %ept in the &ar#.

BARCODE READERS: 0he#e are three &a#ic #tructure# for &arcode reader. 0he* are< 1. 7i3e( re'(er. *. +"r/'&$e &'/ , re'(er). -. +"r/'&$e r'(i" 7re8ue# % re'(er). Fi3e( re'(er: 0he#e are attached to their ho#t computer# and termina #. And tran#mit the one data item at a time a# the data i# #canned. .and #canner#, CCD #canner#, a#er #canner# come to thi# cate!or*. P"r/'&$e &'/ , re'(er): 0he#e reader# &itter * operated and #tore the data into memor*. +ater the &atch of information i# tran#ferred into ho#t computer. P"r/'&$e r'(i" 7re8ue# % re'(er: 0he#e reader# are &atter* operated and tran#mit data rea <time, on< ine more importer*, the rea <time, t(o<(a* communication a o(# the ho#t to operator. 0he &a#ic reader con#i#t# of a decoder and #canner and a #o u#ed a ca& e that act# a# an interface &et(een decoder and the computer. 0he &a#ic

operation of #canner i# to #can the &arcode #*m&o and pro'ide an e ectric output that corre#pondin! to the &ar# and #pace# of that &arcode. A decoder i# u#ua * a #eparate &o$ that ta%e# the di!ita i,ed &ar# and #pace pattern# and decode# them to the correct data, and tran#mit# the data to the computer o'er (ire# or (ire e## immediate * on a &atch &a#i#. P"r/'&$e B'/ , Re'(er): It inc ude# a di#p a*, %e*pad &arcode decodin! capa&i itie#, RS<434 communication port, &atterie# and memor* for and pro!ram #tora!e for &arcode co ection. 0he #*#tem can &e e/uipped (ith &arcode (and, CCD or a#er #canner#. BARCODE SCANNERS: 1.B'r "(e .'#( ) '##er): 0he#e are the mo#t popu ar &arcode reader# (or) #canner# a #o it o&tained at e## co#t. 0he#e (and #canner (or%in! i#, fir#t (e connect the #canner to pc, (e manua * mo'e the (and #canner acro## the &arcode to perform readin! function. @ence there c a##ification i# "#/' / #canner#. 0he#e (and #canner# e$treme * #imp e to u#e &ut re/uire en#e# to %eep a rea#ona& * con#tant #cannin! motion acro## the &arcode and a f at #urface &ehind the &arcode.

*.CCD ) '##er): 0he#e are fa#t and ea#ier to u#e than the (and #canner#. -#er #imp * ho d# thi# CCD #canner and put # i!ht * a&o'e the &arcode and pu # tri!!er &utton. CCD #canner# t*pica * read &arcode# from contact to a&out A inch di#tance. @ence there c a##ification i# #e'r! "#/' / #canner. )arcode# ph*#ica en!th mu#t &e con#ider (hi e u#in! CCD

&arcode# #canner#, a# the CCD #canner mu#t co'er the comp ete &arcode. -.L')er ) '##er): 0hi# (or%in! i# #imi ar to CCD #canner#. +a#er #canner# are fa#t and ea#ier to u#e than (and #canner#. -#er ho d# the a#er #canner a&o'e &arcode pu # the tri!!er &utton. +a#er #canner t*pica * read &arcode# from near contact to A inch di#tance. @ence their c a##ification i# #"#! "#/' / #canner#. +a#er #canner# are &e#t #uited for readin! &arcode# from a di#tance, readin! poor * printed a&e #, readin! (ide ran!e and readin! on irre!u ar #urface#. BARCODE PRINTERS: 0o print &arcode a&e #, (e need &arcode printer#. 0here are #e'era #tep# in print the a&e #. 1.)u*in! the a&e # from a a&e manufacture.

4.print *our &arcode (ith in e$pen#i'e a&e in! #oft(are on *our pc u#in! dot matri$, a#er and in%;et printer#. 3. "rintin! &arcode# on a #pecia i,ed &arcode a&e printer#. We mu)/ 7"$$". )"me /i+) 7"r +ri#/i#9 $'&e$): 1. Sta* a(a* from co ored &arcode# and co ored &ac%!round. If (e co or then (e o&tain o(er the contra#t &et(een &ar# and #pace# and therefore o(er reada&i it*. 4. .e mu#t te#t thorou!h * on an* a&e # &efore di#tri&ution. So (e mu#t carefu in a&e in!. 3. .e mu#t a #o te#t the &arcode a&e # for reada&i it* &efore u#in! the &u %. BARCODE SOFTWARE: 1.B'r "(e Pr"(u /i"# S"7/.'re: 7or printin! &arcode a&e # three t*pe# of #oft(are9# are a'ai a& e. )<Coder )arcode acti'e contro )arcode data in% i&rarie#

*. B'r "(e ('/' "$$e /i"# )"7/.'re: After printin! &arcode a&e in an* item (e re/uired to co ect the data e$i#t in that &arcode. 7or thi# data co ection #oft(are are u#ed. 0he t*pe of data co ection #oft(are u#ed depend# upon &arcode# #canner output. 0here are #e'era popu ar t*pe# of output. BARCODE APPLICATIONS: 0he ma;or indu#trie# u#in! &arcode# are one of the mo#t fre/uent u#e# of &arcode# (n indice#) i# the courier indu#tr*. 1. C"urier '#( /r'#)+"r/'/i"#: hene'er (e (ant to e$port an* item the detai # of the product that (here it e$port i# %ept in &arcode#. 0he computeri,ed con'ener &e t automatica * #eparate# the item# accordin! to countr* (i#e. 0hat i# (h* man* item# are reachin! their de#tination# (ith !reater accurac* in time a# (e a# p ace. *. Re/'i$: 0hi# i# the one of the &i!!e#t !ro(th area#. 0he &arcode re e'ant to that item (i &e added, the information i# %ept in &arcode. -#in! thi#, the retai er# #e their product ea#i *.

-. L'&"r Di)/ri&u/i"#: 0hi# area a #o u#e# &arcode#. +a&or &ad!e# contain the#e &arcode#. -#in! thi# (e can ca cu ate the o'er time. 4. Em+$"%ee I(e#/i/%: )* u#in! the punch card (e can %no( the time the emp o*ee came to the office. LIMITATIONS: 0he &a#ic rea#on# for not !ro(in! &arcode# in India i#< 1.Cu)/"m (u/% i) ,i9,: 7or printin! the &arcode a&e #, #ome hard(are e/uipment# are u#ed. Come# to the India, the hard(are e/uipment re/uired for thi# are not manufactured in India. .e mu#t import the e/uipment, from e #e(here. 7or thi# cu#tom9# dut* i# hi!h and it i# a mo#t =6B of o'er a co#t, (hich ha# &een reco'ered from the cu#tomer#. 0hat9# (h* man* indu#trie# oppo#e thi# techno o!*. *.Pe"+$e 're #"/ '.'re "7 i/) &e#e7i/): .e #a( that there are man* &enefit# in u#in! &arcode# i.e. !ettin! accurate data, on< ine information etc. )ut peop e are not a(are of the#e &enefit#.

BENEFITS OF BARCODES: 1.Im+r":e "+er'/i"#'$ e77i ie# %: )arcode# permit fa#ter and more accurate recordin! of information. .or% in proce## can mo'e /uic% * and preci#e *.

*.S':e /ime: 7or e$amp e one cu#tomer needed a cre( of 48 emp o*ee#. -#in! the#e &arcode# (e can reduce the num&er of emp o*ee# into =. -.Re(u e( err"r): Critica and data entr* error# can &e a #i!nificant #ource of co#t# and re ated pro& em#. So, u#in! &arcode# (e can reduce the error#. 4.Cu/ ")/: )arcode# are effecti'e too # that can &e u#ed to addre## #pecific, oca i,ed pro& em# (or) inte!rated into or!ani,ation (ide information #*#tem (hen app ied (ith in p annin!. 0hi# can #a'e time and reduced error#, re#u t in a reduction of co#t.

CONCLUSION:

0hi# &arcode techno o!* i# u#ed a o'er (or d. 0he#e #a'e# time and co#t. E'en thou!h there are #ome imitation#, &arcode# are (ide * u#ed in a other countrie#. 0hi# can #a'e time and reduced error#, re#u t in a

reduction of co#t.

ALP;A!NUMERIC BARCODES:

CODE!1*0

NUMERIC!ONLY BARCODES:

EAN<13

-"C<A

-"C<E

TYPES OF BARCODES:

1. NUMERIC!ONLY BARCODES. EAN!1 EAN!0 UPC!A UPC!E *. ALP;A NUMERIC BARCODES. CODE -1 CODE 1CODE 1*0

-. TWO!DIMENTIONAL BARCODES. PDF!412 DATA MATRI< MA<I CODE BARCODE READERS: 1. FI<ED READERS. *. PORTABLE BATC; READERS. -. PORTABLE RADIO FRE=UENCY READERS.

BARCODE SCANNERS:

1. BARCODE WAND SCANNERS. *. CCD SCANNERS. -. LASER SCANNERS.

BARCODE SOFTWARE:

1. BARCODE PRODUCTION S>W. *. BARCODE DATA COLLECTION S>W.

BARCODE APPLICATIONS: CODE AND TRANSPORTATION. RETAIL. LABOR DISTRIBUTION. EMPLOYEE IDENTITY.

LIMITATIONS OF BARCODES:

CUSTOM DUTY IS ;I6;. PEOPLE ARE NOT AWARE.

BENEFITS OF BARCODES: IMPRO?E OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY. SA?E TIME. REDUCE ERRORS. CUT COST.

TWO!DIMENSIONAL BARCODES:

"D7 =15