ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Self Access Learning Module

ICT Literacy for Secondary School

Computer ard!are

PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUM KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

MODULE 1
E"olution and T#pes of t$e Computers

Curriculum Development Centre Ministry of Education Malaysia

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

1. 2.

Name of Module :

Computer Hardware: Evolution and Types of the Computers

Learning Outcomes: The students should be able to: a. State the generations of computers together with the respective processors used b. Explain the generations of computers together with the respective processors used c. Identify the types of computers: Supercomputer Mainframe Mini Computer Micro Computer Work Station d. efine different types of computers

3.

Knowledge and Skills: !. ". $. %. '. Explain the evolution of the computer generation #atch the types of processors used Introduce various types of computers &abel a flow chart of the types of computers (ather and present information on the types of computers

4.

Module Summary: )t the end of the module* students should be able to explain about the evolution of the computer generation and types of processors used.

This module contains ' activities: )ctivity !: )ctivity ": )ctivity $: )ctivity %: )ctivity ': Explaining the evolution of the computer generation #atching the types of processors used Introducing various types of computers &abelling a flow chart of the types of computers (athering and presenting information on the types of computers

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

cti!ity 2: "!olution of t#e $om%uter

&'(S) *"N"( )'ON +1,4-.1,/01 The first generation of computers were huge* slow* expensive and often unreliable. In !+%,* two )mericans* -rospers Ec.ert and /illian #auchly build the "N' $ 0Electronic 1umerical Integrator and Computer2. It uses vacuum tube instead of mechanical switches of the #)34 !.

&!c##' t#(e MARK 1 Presper Eckert Wi i!" M!#c$ %

In !+'!* Ec.ert and #auchly build the 51I6)C* that could calculate at the rate of !7*777 additions per seconds.

UNI&A) * UNI&ERSAL AUT+MATI) )+MPUTER

S"$ON2 *"N"( )'ON +1,/0.1,031 The famous computer scientists during the second generation era were:

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

The creation of the transistor spar.ed the production of the second generation computer. Transistors were small devices used to transfer electronic signals across a resister. Transistors had many advantages compared to other hardware technology. transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes they needed no warm up time consumed less energy generated much less heat faster and more reliable

)3'(2 *"N"( )'ON +1,04.1,411 In the third generation era* the I8# $97 series was introduced in !+,%. It came in several models and si:es.It was used for business and scientific programmes. ;ther computer models introduced were the C C 9,77 and 8"'77.

The development of integrated circuit 0IC2* signal the beginning of the third generation computers. Silicone chips were manufactured in !+,! at the Silicone 6alley. Then came the integrated circuit technology* which had reduced the si:e and cost of computers.

The microchip is a complete electronic circuit on small chip of silicon .nown as a semi conductor.

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

&O5()3 *"N"( )'ON +1,41.6("S"N)1 It too. only '' years for the % generations to evolve. The growth of the computer industry developed technologies of computer inventions. There are many types of computer models such as: )pple #acintosh I8# E&& )CE3 In !+9! Intel created the first microprocessor. In !+9,* Steve <obs built the first )pple computer. Then* in !+=!* I8# introduced its first personal computer.

Ste.e J/(s 0 App e M!ci"t/s$1

Bi G!tes 0IBM1

Mic$e! 2e 02ELL1

uring the fourth generation* hardware technology such as silicone chips* microprocessor and storage devices were invented. ) microprocessor is a speciali:ed chip that is developed for computer memory and logic.

Micr/pr/cess/r Si ic/"e )$ips

The microprocessor is a large>scale integrated circuit that contains thousands of transistors. The transistors on this one chip are capable of performing all the functions of a computer?s central processing unit.

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

&'&)3 *"N"( )'ON +6("S"N) 7 8"9ON21 The fifth generation computers are technologically advance and are still being developed. The inventions of new hardware technology in the fifth generation have grown rapidly to include many other modern computer devices such as : silicone chips processor robotics virtual reality intelligent systems programmes which translate languages N": "( $OM65)"(

)fter the fifth generation computer* the technology of computers has become more advanced* modern and sophisticated. The latest invention in the era of computers are : Super Computers #ainframe Computers #ini Computers -ersonal Computers #obile Computers

Mi"i )/'p#ters M/(i e )/'p#ter

M!i"4r!'e )/'p#ters S#per )/'p#ters

Pers/"! )/'p#ters

)dditional source: http:@@history.sandiego.edu@(E1@recording@computer!.htmlAgp7'

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

cti!ity 2: )y%es of $om%uters Su%ercom%uter Super Computers: specifies that these are the most powerful computers compared to the mainframe.

)dditional Source: http:@@[email protected]@Supercomputer

Mainframe #ainframe Computer: Is a very powerful and large computer. It can process many users at a time. Its Terminals are used to connect a user to the computer.The users submit the tas. through mainframe.
)dditional Source: http:@@[email protected]@#ainframeBcomputer

Multi-user mini computer at RA

Minicom%uter

#inicomputers are smaller than #ainframes 0usually the si:e of a filing cabinet2. They have smaller memory and are not as powerful as a mainframe.

)dditional Source: http:@@[email protected]@#inicomputer

ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

Microcom%uter The microcomputer is the smallest group of the computer system as 0usually the si:e of a typewriter2 it can sit on a des.top. ) microcomputer allows only a user at a time. #icrocomputers include: Home computers* es.top computers* -ortable computers* and &aptop computers.
C Drom the Hutchinson Encyclopaedia. Helicon -ublishing &T "779. )ll rights reserved. )dditional Source: http:@@[email protected]@#icrocomputer : http:@@www.tiscali.co.u.@reference@dictionaries@computers@data@m777==+7.html

:orkstation ) type of computer used for engineering applications 0C) @C)#2* des.top publishing* software development and other types of applications that reEuire a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high Euality graphics capabilities. /or.stations generally come with a large* high>resolution graphics screen* at least ,% #8 0megabytes2 of 3)#* built>in networ. support* and a graphical user interface.

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ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

cti!ity 3: 2ifferent )y%es of $om%uter There are a lot of terms used to describe computers. #ost of these words imply to the si:e* expected use and capability of the computer. The term FcomputerG can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it . 6$ > The personal computer 0-C2 is designed for personal use by a single person. -Cs were first .nown as microcom%uters because they were a complete computer built on a smaller scale. 2eskto% > ) -C that is placed on a permanent location. #ost of them offer more power* storage and versatility for less cost.

La%to% > )lso called note;ook* laptops are portable computers that integrate the display* .eyboard* a pointing device or trac.ball* processor* memory and hard drive all in a battery>operated pac.age slightly larger than an average hardcover boo..

6almto% > #ore commonly .nown as -ersonal igital )ssistant 0- )2* palmtops are tightly integrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers rely on touchscreen technology for user input. -almtops are typically smaller than a paperbac. novel* very lightweight with a reasonable battery life.

Ser!er > ) computer that has been optimi:ed to provide services to other computers over a networ.. Servers usually have powerful processors* a large memory and hard drives.

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ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

:eara;le > The latest trend in computing are wearable computers integrated into watches* cell phones* visors and even clothing.

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ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

"<ercise !. Instruction: #atch the inventions according to the right generations.

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ICTL For Secondary School - Computer hardware Module

". #atching the types of computers. It was used to solve problems in maHor universities* military agencies and scientific research laboratories.

Su%ercom%uter

It is designed to handle very high volume input and output 0I@;2 and emphasi:ed throughput computing.

Micro $om%uter

) midsi:ed and multi>user computers.

Mini $om%uter

Small des.top or portable computer* typically designed to be used by one person at a time.

:ork Station

) type of computer used for engineering applications* des.top publishing* software development and other types of applications.

Mainframe

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