CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

2.1 QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS 2.1a Identify quadratic expressions

A quadratic expression is the expression in the form of + + where a, b, c are constants, 0 and is an unknown

State whether the following expressions are quadratic expressions. Give your reasons. (a) 2y2 + 4

REMEMBER!!
A quadratic expression MUST satisfy the following properties: It has only ONE unknown The highest power of the unknown is 2

(b) m4 + 4m2 + 7

(c) m2 + 4n +

1 5

(d)

3 4

p2 4 p +

1 5

(e) 2 2x + 3x2

(f) 3xy - x2

1 4

(g) y2 4

(h) xy + y2

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

(i)

3 2

-3

(j) 2(m2 1)

(k) y2 + 21

(l) 3x + x2

(m) 0.6y2 4y

(n) 3xy 6x + 4

(o)

4 4 2

- 3x

(p) 3(p2 + 4)

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

2.1b Form quadratic expressions by multiplying any two linear expressions Example 1: Find the expression when we multiply ( + 2 ) and ( 2 + 3 ).

Example 2: Multiply and simplify the following expressions. (a) ( 3 + 2 )

(b)

+ 3 ( + 2 )

(c)

2 + 1 ( 7 )

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

Exercise 1. Multiply and simplify the following expressions. (a) ( + 9 ) (b) 10 ( + 9 )

(c) ( 4 5 )

(d) 2 3 + 4

(e) 2 5 + 2 4

(f) 4 2 + 3 5 ( 1 )

(g)

+ 3 ( + 4 )

(h)

5 ( + 5 )

(i) 2 3 ( 2 4 )

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

2. Find the product of the following linear expressions. (a) 2 ( + 3 ) (b) + 2 ( 5 )

(c)

2 ( 4 )

(d)

3 ( 3 )

(e)

1 + 2 ( 3 + 2 )

(f)

4 ( 3 2 )

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

2.1c Form quadratic expressions based on specific situations Example 1: A school hall measuring ( 3 + ) m long and ( 4 + ) m wide is going to be carpeted. Calculate the area of carpet needed.

Example 2: The sides of a rectangle are ( + 3 ) cm and ( 4 + ) cm. find the area in terms of .

Example 3: The sides of a rectangular football field are ( 2 1 ) m and ( 3 + 4 ) m. find the area of this football field.

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

Exercise 1. A certain hotel charges RM a day for an adult and RM 3 less a day for a child. A family of adults and ( 2 ) children stay there for 6 days. Find the total amount of hotel charges.

2. Tickets for a school concert cost RM 2 or RM 3 each. One hundred more of the cheaper tickets were sold than the dearer. If was the number of RM 3 tickets sold, write down the expression for the total receipts in RM, from the concert.

3. Railway excursion tickets for a certain journey cost RM 5 for an adult and RM 2 for a child. A party of football supporters contains times as many adults as children. Write down in terms of the total traveling cost in term of if there are 100 children supporters.

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

4. Deva ialah 2 tahun lebih muda daripada Vijay. Umur bapa Vijay ialah kuasa dua umur Deva. Jika Vijay berumur p tahun, cari jumlah umur ketiga-tiga mereka. Ungkapkan jawapan dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

5. Luas sebuah segiempat sama ialah ( 2 + 3 ) cm2. Segiempat itu dibesarkan dengan faktor skala ( 5 ). Ungkapkan luas segiempat sama yang dibesarkan itu, dalam cm2, dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

6. Harga 1 kg buah mangga ialah RM3 lebih mahal daripada 1 kg buah tembikai. Harga 1 kg buah durian ialah RM3 lebuh murah daripada dua kali harga 1 kg buah tembikai. Dengan menganggap harga 1 kg buah tembikai sebagai RM , cari jumlah kos bagi ( + 1 ) kg buah mangga, ( 3 + 4 ) kg buah durian dan ( 4 + 3 ) kg buah tembikai. Ungkapkan jawapan dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

7. Faizal mengayuh basikal dengan kelajuan 3 km j-1 selama ( 3 ) jam. Kemudian, dia menambah kelajuannya kepada ( 3 5 ) km j-1 selama ( 4 ) jam. Cari jarak yang dilaluinya dan ungkapkan jawapan dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

8. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah segitiga bersudut tegak, ABC. Cari kuasa dua bagi panjang BC dan ungkapkannya dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik. A 4 5 2 1 B C

9. Sebuah kolam berbentuk segiempat tepat mempunyai panjang ( 3 2 ) m dan lebar ( + 2 ) m. encik Tan bercadang untuk membuat satu lorong dengan lebar yang seragam mengelilingi kolam itu. Jika lebar lorong itu ialah ( 3 ) m, cari luas lorong itu dan ungkapkannya dalam bentuk ungkapan kuadratik.

3 + 2 3 2

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

10

2.2 FACTORISATION OF QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS 2.2 PEMFAKTORAN UNGKAPAN KUADRATIK 2.2a Factorise quadratic expressions of the form + and + 2.2a Memfaktorkan ungkapan kuadratik yang berbentuk + dan + Example (a) 3 2 + 15 (e) 4 2 10

(b) 4 2 20

(f) 6 2 + 15

(c) 7 + 21 2

(g) 82 16

(d) 52 25

(h) 6 14 2

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

11

Exercise Factorise the following quadratic expressions Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut (a) 2 + 5 (b) 4 14 2

(c) 10 + 16 2

(d) 42 2 + 28

(e) 3 2 + 2

(f) 16 12 2

(g) 7 2 21

(h) 26 2 39

(i) 2 2 6

(j) 2 42

(k) 16 2 + 24

(l) 18 2 30

(m) 52 + 3

(n) 9 152

(o) 21 49 2

(p) 25 2 15

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

12

Factorise the following quadratic expressions Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut (a) 5 2 + 10 (b) 49 7 2

(c) 9 12 2

(d) 12 2 36

(e) 4 + 28 2

(f) 2 + 3

(g) 56 + 82

(h) 72 21

(i) 18 2 16

(j) 5 2 + 15

(k) 2

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

13

2.2b Factorise quadratic expressions of the form , where p and q are perfect squares 2.2b Memfaktorkan ungkapan kuadratik yang berbentuk , p dan q adalah nombor kuasa dua sempurna

FLASH BACK ( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 ( )2 = 2 2 + 2

Example Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 42 25 (b) 9 812

(c)

4 2 9

25

(d) 162 64

(e) 25 2 49

(f)

1 64

1 2 9

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

14

Exercise Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 2 16 (b) 2
1 49

(c) 100 2

(d) 169 2

(e) 2 36

(f) 2 81

(g)

1 144

(h) 256 2

(i) 92 1

(j) 25 2 49

(k) 121 400 2

(l) 1 16 2

(m) 64 2 81

(n) 169 1962

(o)

1 2 81

361

(p)

1 2 225

1 324

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

15

2.2c Factorise quadratic expressions of the form + + , where = , and are not equal to zero 2.2c Memfaktorkan ungkapan kuadratik yang berbentuk + + , = , dan bukan sifar Case 1: To factorise 2 + + into the form of + ( + ) Example Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 2 7 + 12 (b) 2 + 3 10

(c) 2 + 9 + 20

(d) 2 + 10 + 24

(e) 2 5 + 4

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

16

Case 2: To factorise quadratic expressions of the form 2 + + into + ( + ), where 1, 0 and 0 Example Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 3 2 + 7 6 (b) 2 2 13 + 18

(c) 4 2 17 + 15

(d) 3 2 10 8

(e) 6 2 17 + 5

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

17

Exercise Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 2 + 5 + 6 (b) 2 + 16 + 28

(c) 2 12

(d) 2 8 + 15

(e) 2 13 + 36

(f) 2 6 16

(g) 2 + 9 + 20

(h) 2 + 6

(i) 2 + 3 18

(j) 2 10 24

(k) 2 3 10

(l) 2 + 5 24

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

18

(m) 2 + 30

(n) 2 9 22

(o) 2 11 + 18

(p) 2 15 + 56

(q) 2 9 36

(r) 2 16 36

(s) 2 3 40

(t) 2 + 9 + 14

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

19

Exercise Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 22 + 11 + 5 (b) 4 2 + 12 + 5

(c) 3 2 + 10 8

(d) 92 + 12 5

(e) 4 2 + 5 21

(f) 9 2 21 + 10

(g) 6 2 + 7 10

(h) 6 2 + 15

(i) 2 2 9 + 4

(j) 10 2 13 3

(k) 3 2 4 4

(l) 42 4 15

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

20

(m) 52 + 13 6

(n) 8 2 + 2 3

(o) 2 2 5 3

(p) 8 2 + 6 9

(q) 4 2 9 9

(r) 4 2 + 16 + 15

(s) 52 + 6 8

(t) 62 11 10

(u) 7 2 10 8

(v) 12 2 8 15

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

21

2.2d Factorise quadratic expressions containing coefficients with common factors 2.2d Memfaktor ungkapan kuadratik yang mempunyai pekali dengan faktor sepunya Example Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 18 2 2 (b) 3 2 + 9 + 6

(c) 5 2 15 + 10

(d) 52 + 10 + 5

(e) 32 18 + 27

(f) 3 2 30 + 63

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

22

Exercise Factorise the following quadratic expressions. Faktorkan setiap ungkapan kuadratik berikut. (a) 32 12 (b) 16 2 100

(c) 5 2 + 20 + 20

(d) 182 39 15

(e) 75 122

(f) 4 362

(g) 142 42 28

(h) 4 2 24 108

(i) 2 2 18

(j) 63 252 2

(k) 32 + 6 9

(l) 10 2 15 100

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

23

Exercise Expend and factorise the following expressions. Kembangkan dan faktorkan setiap ungkapan berikut. (a) 2 2 2 13 + 30 (b) 7 2 + 7(2 2 + 7)

(c) 3 11 28 + 36

(d) 3 2 9 + 6

(e) 42 + 7(2 2 + 7)

(f) 5 13 15 + 5 2 15

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

24

(g) 4 4 84

(h) 3 + 5 + 12

(i) 96 + 12(4 2 5)

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

25

2.3 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2.3 PERSAMAAN KUADRATIK 2.3a Identify quadratic equations with one unknown 2.3a Mengenal pasti persamaan kuadratik dalam satu pembolehubah Identify whether the following are quadratic equations. Give your reasons. Nyatakan sama ada setiap berikut ialah persamaan kuadratik. Berikan sebab anda. Question (a) 2 = 3 Answer Yes. Quadratic equation with one unknown and the highest power is 2.

(b) 2 = 3 + 4

(c) 2 + 4 + 3

(d) 3 4 + 5 = 0

(e)

=8

(f) 32 = 2

(g) 32 + 2 1

(h) 2 3 = 0

(i)

1 9

+ 5 2 = 8

(j)

+ 3 2 = 5

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

26

2.3b Write quadratic equations in general form: + + = 2.3b Menulis persamaan kuadratik dalam bentuk am: + + = Write the following equations in a general form. Tulis persamaan berikut dalam bentuk am. (a) 3 2 = 2 (b) ( 2 + 1 )2 = 0

(c) + 1 = 2 2 2

(d) 3 = 4

(e) 2 = 6 3

(f)

2 +3

(g) 2 3 2 + 1 =

(h) 62 5 = 32 2

(i)

4 3

+ 5

(j) + 2 = 3 8

CHAPTER 2: QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS MATHEMATICS FORM 4

27

2.3c Form quadratic equations based on specific situations 2.3c Membentuk persamaan kuadratik berdasarkan situasi harian tertentu (a) A basket of durians is sold at a price of RM (2 5). Mr Heng pays RM50 to buy (3 + 2) baskets of durians. Form a quadratic equation in terms of .

(b) Encik Ahmad bought a piece of rectangular board. The length of the sides measure (3 1) m and ( + 2) m. a part of the board was sawn into a square with sides measuring 4 m. the remaining board has an area of 24 m2. Form a quadratic equation in terms of .