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    Operant Conditioning

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    niks2409
    Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

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    Operant Conditioning

    Uploaded by

    niks2409
    334 views14 pages
    Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

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    Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    334 views14 pages

    Operant Conditioning

    Uploaded by

    niks2409
    Operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses consequences to modify behavior. There are three core tools: reinforcement increases a behavior's frequency; punishment decreases frequency; and extinction involves removing consequences with no change in behavior. Reinforcements and punishments can be positive or negative, referring to whether a stimulus is added or removed following a behavior. The four contexts are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Operant Conditioning

    -Nikunj Barnwal
    Definition & Understanding

    • Operant behavior operates on the


    environment.
    • Operant conditioning is the use of
    consequences to modify the
    occurrence and form of behavior.
    Core tools of operant
    conditioning
    • Reinforcement

    • Punishment
    (Both are either positive or negative consequences.)

    • Extinction
    (no change in consequences)
    •
    Reinforcement is a consequence that
    •
    causes a behavior to occur with
    •
    greater frequency.
    Punishment is a consequence that
    causes a behavior to occur with less
    frequency.
    Extinction is the lack of any
    consequence following a behavior.
    Four contexts of
    operant conditioning:
    • Positive Reinforcement
    • Negative Reinforcement

    • Positive Punishment
    • Negative Punishment
    Positive Reinforcment

    When a behavior is followed by a


    favorable stimulus (commonly seen as
    pleasant) that increases the frequency
    of that behavior.
    Negative Reinforcement

    When a behavior (response) is followed


    by the removal of an aversive stimulus
    (commonly seen as unpleasant) thereby
    increasing that behavior's frequency.
    Positive Punishment
    (How can a punishment be positive???)

    Occurs when a behavior (response) is


    followed by an aversive stimulus
    thereby decreasing that behavior's
    frequency
    Negative Punishment

    Occurs when a behavior (response) is


    followed by the removal of a favorable
    stimulus thereby decreasing that
    behavior's frequency
    Extinction

    occurs when a behavior (response) that


    had previously been reinforced is no
    longer effective.
    Stimulus Frequency of behavior

    +R Given Increases
    -R Taken away Increases

    +P Given Decreases

    -P Taken away Decreases


    E -- Increases/Decreases

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