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    The Skew-Adjoint (Skew-Symmetric) Form of The Convective Derivative

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    RhysU
    A brief write up investigating the skew-adjoint (skew-symmetric) form of the convective derivative appearing in the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.

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    The Skew-Adjoint (Skew-Symmetric) Form of The Convective Derivative

    Uploaded by

    RhysU
    791 views1 page
    A brief write up investigating the skew-adjoint (skew-symmetric) form of the convective derivative appearing in the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.

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    The skew-adjoint (skew-symmetric) form of the convective derivative

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    A brief write up investigating the skew-adjoint (skew-symmetric) form of the convective derivative appearing in the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    791 views1 page

    The Skew-Adjoint (Skew-Symmetric) Form of The Convective Derivative

    Uploaded by

    RhysU
    A brief write up investigating the skew-adjoint (skew-symmetric) form of the convective derivative appearing in the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Skew-adjoint form of the convective derivative operator Page 1 of 1

    For fixed, real-valued ~u, consider the convective linear operator


    1 ~ ~ 1~
    L f~ B ~u · ∇ ~
    f + ∇ · ~u ⊗ f.
    2 2
    With appropriate assumptions about R smoothness, theRdomain, and the boundary conditions, L is skew-adjoint
    ~ ~ ∗
    in the L (Ω) inner product, that is Ω L f ·~g dV = − Ω f · L~g dV where (·)∗ denotes complex conjugation.
    2 ∗

    Skew-adjointness implies that all the operator’s eigenvalues are imaginary. In conjunction with a first-order
    time derivative, a skew-adjoint operator propagates a signal without growth or decay.

    Showing that L is skew-adjoint requires two integration by parts formulas. For simplicity, we develop both
    using index notation in a Cartesian frame. They do hold in generalized coordinates. The first result is
    Z  Z
    ~ ~
    
    ~u · ∇ f · ~g dV =
    ∗
    g∗i u j ∂xi f j dV
    Ω Ω
    Z Z
    = ∂xi gi u j f j dV −
    ∗
    f j ∂xi g∗i u j dV
    Ω Ω
    Z Z
    ~ ~ f~ · ∇ ~ · ~u ⊗ ~g∗ dV
       
    = ∇ · ~u · f ~g dV −∗

    ZΩ  ZΩ
    ~u · f~ ~g · n̂ dS − f~ · ∇ ~ · ~u ⊗ ~g∗ dV
      
    = ∗

    Z∂Ω  ZΩ
    ~g ⊗ f~ ~u · n̂ dS − f~ · ∇ ~ · ~u ⊗ ~g∗ dV.
      
    = ∗
    ∂Ω Ω
    The second result is
    Z  Z
    ~ · ~u ⊗ f~ · ~g∗ dV =
    
    ∇ g∗i ∂x j ui f j dV
    Ω
    ZΩ Z
    = ∂x j g∗i ui f j dV − ui f j ∂x j g∗i dV
    ZΩ Ω
    Z
    ~ ∗ ~ ~ g∗ dV
    f~ · ~u · ∇~
     
    = ∇ · ~u · ~g f dV −
    
    ZΩ ZΩ
    ~u · ~g∗ f~ · n̂ dS − ~ g∗ dV
    f~ · ~u · ∇~
     
    =
    
    Z∂Ω  ZΩ
    f~ ⊗ ~g∗ ~u · n̂ dS − ~ g∗ dV.
    f~ · ~u · ∇~
      
    =
    ∂Ω Ω
    Lastly, we depend on ~u being real-valued so that
    1 ~ g∗ + 1 ∇
    ~ · ~u∗ ⊗ ~g∗ = 1 ~u · ∇~
    ~ g∗ + 1~
    L~g ∗ = ~u∗ · ∇~ ∇ · ~u ⊗ ~g∗ = L~g∗ .
    
    2 2 2 2

    By employing the above three results and combining the boundary terms, we see
    Z Z Z
    ~ ~ ∗ 1  ~ ∗   ~ ∗ T 
    L f · ~g dV = −
    ∗
    f · L~g dV + f ⊗ ~g + f ⊗ ~g ~u · n̂ dS .
    Ω Ω ∂Ω 2
    Beyond the smoothness requirements necessary to apply integration by parts, the boundary integral must
    also vanish for the operator to be self-adjoint.

    R
    1. J. P. Boyd, Chebyshev and Fourier spectral methods, ch. 11, pp. 213–214, Dover, 2001.
    2. Thomas A. Zang, On the rotation and skew-symmetric forms for incompressible flow simulations, Appl. Numer. Math. 7 (1991),
    no. 1, 27–40.

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