NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE/GRAAD 12

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PHYSICS (P1) FISIESE WETENSKAPPE: FISIKA (V1) MEMORANDUM NOVEMBER 2008

MARKS/PUNTE: 150

This memorandum consists of 17 pages. Hierdie memorandum bestaan uit 17 bladsye.

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Learning Outcomes and Assessment Standards Leeruitkomste en Assesseringstandaarde LO 1/LU 1 LO 2/LU 2 LO 3/LU 3
AS 12.1.1: Design, plan and conduct a scientific inquiry to collect data systematically with regard to accuracy, reliability and the need to control variables. Ontwerp, beplan en voer wetenskaplike ondersoek uit om data te versamel ten opsigte van akkuraatheid, betroubaarheid en die kontroleer van veranderlikes. AS 12.1.2: Seek patterns and trends, represent them in different forms, explain the trends, use scientific reasoning to draw and evaluate conclusions, and formulate generalisations. Soek patrone en tendense, stel dit in verskillende vorms voor, verduidelik tendense, gebruik wetenskaplike beredenering om gevolgtrekkings te maak en te evalueer, en formuleer veralgemenings. AS 12.1.3: Select and use appropriate problem-solving strategies to solve (unseen) problems. Kies en gebruik geskikte probleemoplossingstrategie om (ongesiene) probleme op te los. AS 12.2.1: Define, discuss and explain prescribed scientific knowledge. Definieer, bespreek en verduidelik voorgeskrewe wetenskaplike kennis. AS 12.2.2 Express and explain prescribed scientific principles, theories, models and laws by indicating the relationship between different facts and concepts in own words. Verduidelik en druk voorgeskrewe wetenskaplike beginsels, teorie, modelle en wette uit deur die verwantskap tussen verskillende feite en konsepte in eie woorde aan te dui. AS 12.2.3: Apply scientific knowledge in everyday life contexts. Pas wetenskaplike kennis in kontekste van die alledaagse lewe toe. AS 12.3.2: Research case studies and present ethical and moral arguments from different perspectives to indicate the impact (pros and cons) of different scientific and technological applications. Vors gevallestudies na en lewer etiese en morele argumente uit verskillende perspektiewe om die impak (voordele en nadele) van verskillende wetenskaplike en tegnologiese toepassings aan te dui.

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SECTION A/AFDELING A QUESTION 1/VRAAG 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Power/ rate of work /drywing/arbeidstempo elastic/elastiese (continuous/light) spectrum/(aaneenlopende/lig) spektrum Continuous emission spectrum/aaneenlopende emissiespektrum capacitor/kapasitor population inversion/besettingsomkering
[12.2.1] [12.2.1]

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) [5]

[12.2.1] [12.2.1] [12.2.1]

QUESTION 2/VRAAG 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 D C A H G

[12.2.2] [12.2.1] [12.2.1] [12.2.1] [12.2.3]

(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) [5]

QUESTION 3/VRAAG 3 3.1 False/Onwaar the kinetic energy changes/decreases/increases/does not remain the same die kinetiese energie verander/neem toe/neem af /bly nie dieselfde nie True/Waar False/Onwaar is inversely proportional/is omgekeerd eweredig is directly proportional to wavelength/is direk eweredig aan golflengte False/Onwaar by decreasing the net electric field/opposing electric field set up by the voltage source deur die netto elektriese veld te verlaag/deur die elektriese veld wat deur die battery(spanningsbron) opgewek word, teen te werk True/Waar

[12.2.3] [12.2.3]

(2) (2)

3.2 3.3

[12.2.2]

(2)

3.4

[12.2.3] [12.2.1]

(2) (2) [10]

3.5

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QUESTION 4/VRAAG 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 C B A D B
[12.2.3] [12.2.3] [12.2.3] [12.2.2] [12.1.3]

(3) (3) (3) (3) (3) [15] 35 35

TOTAL SECTION A: TOTAAL AFDELING A: SECTION B/AFDELING B QUESTION 5 / VRAAG 5 5.1 Consider to the left as positive/Beskou na links as positief m i v i = m f v f pbefore = pafter /pvoor = pna OR mAviA + mBviB = mAvfA + mBvfB OR mAuA + mBuB = mAvA + mBvB 1 000)(0) + (1 200)(18) = (1000)(12) + (1 200)vfB 9 600 = (1 200)vi2 VfB = 8 ms-1 5.2 Not an isolated system / external forces present / frictional forces present / driver in front car has his foot on the brake. Nie n gesoleerde sisteem nie/ eksterne kragte is teenwoordig/ wrywingskragte teenwoordig / bestuurder van voorste motor het sy voet op die rem.
[12.2.3]

(4)

[12.2.3]

(2)

5.3 During the collision, both cars experience a force of equal magnitude This net force on the car with larger mass causes it to experience a smaller acceleration therefore the passenger will experience a smaller change in velocity and will be less injured. Tydens die botsing ondervind beide motors n krag van gelyke grootte. Hierdie netto krag op die motor met groter massa veroorsaak n kleiner versnelling en dus ondergaan die passasier n kleiner verandering in snelheid en word minder beseer. . For a specific/Vir spesifieke Fnet t: p(heavy car) = p(light car) mH(vf vi)H = mL(vf vi)L but mH > mL (vf vi)H < (vf vi)L Therefore a passenger will experience a smaller change in velocity and gets injured less/Dus sal n passasier n kleiner verandering in snelheid ondervind en minder beseer word.

[12.3.2]

(3) [9]

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QUESTION 6/VRAAG 6 6.1 Gradient/gradient =

[12.1.2]

(3)

20 ( 10) 10 v = = = -10 ms-2 or 10 ms-2 downwards t 32 1 y Accept / Aanvaar x Upwards/Opwaarts+ vf = vi + a t - 20 = - 10 + a(1) a = -10 ms-2
[12.1.2]

(3) (2) (1)

6.2 6.3 6.4

0,5 s and/en 1,5 s 1s

[12.1.2] [12.1.2]

DETERMINING AREAS/ BEPALING VAN OPPERVLAKTE Option 1 / Opsie 1 :Area of trapezium / Oppervlakte van trapesium

Height of cliff/ Hoogte van krans = area of trapezium/area of trapezium = (sum of parallel sides/som van ewewydige sye)h = (10 + 25) (1,5) = 26,25 m
Option 2 / Opsie 2 :Difference between areas of two triangles / Verskil tussen die oppervlaktes van twee driehoeke

Height of cliff /Hoogte van krans = area of larger triangle/van groter driehoek area of smaller triangle/van kleiner driehoek = bh bh = (2,5)(25) (1)(10) = 31,25 - 5 = 26,25 m
Option 3 / Opsie 3 :The sum of areas of rectangle and triangle / Die som van die oppervlaktes van reghoek en driehoek

Height of cliff /Hoogte van krans = area of rectangle/van reghoek + area of triangle/van driehoek = (l x b) + bh =(1,5)(10) + (1,5)(15) = 15 + 11,25 = 26,25 m

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USING EQUATIONS OF MOTION / GEBRUIK VAN BEWEGINGSVERGLYKINGS

Option 1 / Opsie 1: Initial velocity 10 ms -1 upwards and total time 3,5 s / Beginsnelheid 10 ms -1 opwaarts en totale tyd 3,5 s

Consider upward motion as positive / Beskou opwaartse beweging as positief: 1 y = v i t + at 2 2 y = (10)(3,5) + 1 (-10)(3,5)2 2 y = - 26,25 m Height of cliff/hoogte van krans = 26,25 m
Option 2 / Opsie 2: Initial velocity 10 ms -1 upwards and final velocity of 25 ms -1 downwards / Beginsnelheid 10 ms -1 opwaarts en eindsnelheid 25 ms -1afwaarts

Consider upward motion as positive/Beskou opwaartse beweging as positief 2 2 v f = v i + 2ay (-25)2 = (10)2 + 2(-10) y y = - 26,25 m Height of cliff/hoogte van krans = 26,25 m
Option 3 / Opsie 3: Initial velocity 10 ms -1 upwards and final velocity of 25 ms -1 downwards / Beginsnelheid 10 ms -1 opwaarts en eindsnelheid 25 ms -1afwaarts

Consider upward motion as positive/Beskou opwaartse beweging as positief (v + v f ) y = i t 2 ( 10 25) (1,5) = 2 = - 26,25 m Height of cliff/hoogte van krans = 26,25 m

Option 4 / Opsie 4: Initial velocity 10 ms -1 downwards and total time of 1,5 s / Beginsnelheid 10 ms -1 en totale tyd van 1,5 s

Consider upward motion as positive/Beskou opwaartse beweging as positief: 1 y = v i t + a t 2 2 y = (-10)(1,5) + 1 (-10)(1,5)2 = - 15 - 11,25 2 y = - 26,25 m Height of cliff/hoogte van krans = 26,25 m

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Option 5 / Opsie 5: Initial velocity 0 ms -1 and final velocity 25 ms -1 downwards / Beginsnelheid 0 ms -1 en eindsnelheid van 25 ms -1 afwaarts
Consider upward motion as positive/Beskou opwaartse beweging as positief: Maximum height above the ground/Maksimum hoogte bokant grond: 2 v2 f = v i + 2ay (-25)2 = (0)2 + 2(-10)y y = - 31,25 m From cliff to maximum height/vanaf rots tot maksimum hoogte: 2 v2 f = v i + 2ay 02= (-10)2 + 2(-10)y y = 5 m Height of cliff/hoogte van rots = = 31,25 5 = 26,25 m
[12.1.2]

(4)

6.5

Position/Posisie (m) Position/Posisie (m)

00 0 1

1 2 3 4 Time/Tyd (s)

Time/Tyd (s)

Height of cliff as zero position Hoogte van krans as nulposisie

Height of cliff as zero position Hoogte van krans as nulposisie

Marks/ Punte

Checklist/Kontrolelys Criteria for graph/Kriteria vir grafiek t = 1s 3,5 s: shape of curve representing constant acceleration / Verplasing neem af (kurwe stel konstante versnelling voor) At 2 s: Displacement is 0 (intersects time axis) / Verplasing is 0 (sny tydas) Curve stops at 3,5 s/ Kurwe eindig by 3,5 s

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Position/Posisie (m)

1 2 3 4 Time/Tyd (s)

Checklist/Kontrolelys Criteria for graph/Kriteria vir grafiek

t = 1s Displacement is 0 (intersects with x-axis)/ Verplasing is 0 (sny xas) From 1 3,5 s: Curve representing constant acceleration / kurwe stel konstante versnelling voor Graph stops at 3,5 s/ Grafiek eindig by 3,5 s

Marks/ Punte

Maximum position zero, upward positive / Maksimum posisie nul , opwaarts positief

Position/Posisie (m)

Checklist/Kontrolelys Criteria for graph/Kriteria vir grafiek

t = 1s: maximum displacement/maksimum verplasing t = 1 s 3,5 s: curve representing constant acceleration/ kurwe stel konstante versnelling voor t = 3,5 s: Displacement is zero/Verplasing is nul

Marks/ Punte

3,5

t(s)

Height of cliff at t = 0 s / Hoogte van krans by 0 s

[12.1.2]

(3) [13]

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QUESTION 7/VRAAG 7
7.1 7.2 200 x 1 000 = 2 x 105 kg Eki + Epi = Ekf + Epf or/of Emech i = Emech f or/of Ep = Ek 0 + mghi = Ekf + 0 0 + (2 x 105)(9,8)(150) = Ekf + 0
[12.2.3]

(1)

Ekf = 2,94 x 108 J

OR/OF Wnet = Ek Fcos y = Ekf - Eki (200 000)(9,8)(cos 0o)(150) = Ekf - 0

Ekf = 2,94 x 108 J

7.3 Ekf = m v 2 f 8 2,94 x 10 J = (2 x 105)vf2 vf = 54,22 ms-1 P= 85 W 85 2,94 x 10 8 x x = 100 t 100 1 = 2,499 x 108 W Accept/Aanvaar 2,5 x 108 W 85 x 2,94 x 108 = 2,499 x 108 J 100

[12.2.3]

(4)

[12.2.3]

(3)

7.4

OR/OF Ek(effective/effektief) = P= 7.5

W = 2,499 x 108 W Accept/Aanvaar 2,5 x 108 W t

[12.2.3]

(2) (1) [11]

Converted to sound / heat in turbine / other forms of energy. Omgeskakel na klank / hitte in die turbine / ander vorms van energie

[12.2.3]

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QUESTION 8/VRAAG 8
8.1 8.2.1 Doppler effect/Dopplereffek
v vs v vL f s OR/OF f s = fL OR/OF v vs v vL v vL v approach/nader: fL = f s OR/OF fL = fs v vs v vs v vL v move away/beweeg weg: fL = f s OR/OF fL = fs v + vs v + vs fL =
[12.2.1]

(1)

Ambulance approaching/Ambulans nader dame: 343 445 = f s 445(343 v s ) = 343f s (i) 343 v s
Ambulance moving away/Ambulans beweeg weg:
380 = f s

343 380(343 + v s ) = 343f s .(ii) 343 + v s

445(343 v s ) = 380(343 + v s ) vs = 27,02 ms-1

[12.1.3]

(7)

8.2.2

343 0 OR/OF 445(343 v s ) = 343f s 343 v s 445(343 27,02) = 343f s fs = 409,94 Hz 445 = f s OR/OF 343 0 OR/OF 380(343 + v s ) = 343f s 343 + v s 380( 343 + 27,02 ) = 343f s fs = 409,94 Hz 380 = f s
[12.2.3]

(3) [11]

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QUESTION 9/VRAAG 9

9.1

The spreading (or bending) of a wave passing through a small aperture/slit/around a sharp edge/obstacle /Die verspreiding (of buiging) van n golf as dit deur n nou spleet/om n skerp hoek beweeg/versperring. (2 or/of 0) [12.2.1]
644,4 x 10 9 = 34,23 sin = m = 3 x a 3437 x 10 9 OR/OF 644,4 x 10 9 Using radians: = m = 3 x a 3437 x 10 9 = ( 0,597)(57,3) = 34,23

(2)

9.2

[12.2.3]

(3)

9.3

A broad central red / bright/ light fringe (bands) followed by alternate dark and red (bright) fringes (bands) on either side /'n Bre sentrale rooi (helder) band gevolg deur alternatiewe donker en rooi (helder) bande aan beide kante Similarity/Ooreenkoms: Alternate red and dark bands Afwisselende rooi en donker bande Difference/Verskil: The red bands are of equal width / no broad central band is observed / The red bands are of equal intensity (brightness) Die rooi bande is van dieselfde wydte/ geen sentrale bre band word waargeneem nie / Die rooi bande is van gelyke intensiteit (helderheid)

[12.2.3]

(2)

9.4

[12.1.2]

(2)

9.5

No, it is not a coherent source / not monochromatic / bands of different colours Nee, dit is nie 'n koherente bron nie / nie monochromaties nie / bande van verskillende kleure

[12.2.3]

(2) [11]

QUESTION 10/VRAAG 10

10.1

(Electric) force experienced per (positive) charge placed at the point. (Elektriese) krag ondervind per (positiewe) lading geplaas by die punt OR/OF A point /space where a charge will experience an (electric) force n Punt / ruimte waar n lading n (elektriese) krag sal ondervind.

[12.2.1]

(2)

10.2

Negative/Negatief Negative ink droplets deflect away from B / are attracted towards A / repels P / like charges repel Negatiewe inkdruppels word vanaf B gedeflekteer / word deur A aangetrek / stoot P af / gelyksoortige ladings stoot mekaar af

[12.1.2]

(2)

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10.3

+ or A

- or B Checklist/Kontrolelys Criteria for sketch vir diagram/Kriteria vir diagram Field lines parallel and evenly spaced between plates, slightly bent at sides. Veldlyne parallel en eweredig tussen die plate gespasieer, effens gebuig by die ente Direction of field lines from A to B. /Rigting van veldlyne van A na B.

Marks/ Punte

[12.1.2]

(2)

10.4

E=

2,1 10 7 F = = 1,4 x 106 NC-1 13 q 1,5 10 V V 1,4 10 6 = d 6,4 10 4

E=

V = 8,96 x 102 V OR/OF ` Fd ( 2,1 10 7 )(6,4 10 4 ) V= = = 8,96 x 102 V q 1,5 10 13

[12.1.3]

(5) [11]

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QUESTION 11/VRAAG 11

11.1

Any two/Enige twee: Temperature / Temperatuur Cross sectional area (thickness) of material / Deursnitoppervlak (dikte) van materiaal. Length/Lengte [12.1.1]

(2)

11.2 Option 1 / Opsie 1 Conductor Q/Geleier Q For the same potential difference, wire Q has a higher current than wire P. Therefore wire Q has a lower resistance than wire P. Vir dieselfde potensiaalverskil, het draad Q n hor stroom as draad P. Dus het draad Q 'n laer weerstand as draad P Option 2 / Opsie 2 Conductor Q/Geleier Q The gradient of the graph for wire Q is bigger than that for wire P. Die gradint van die grafiek vir draad Q is groter as di vir draad P I V Gradient = is bigger , thus = R is smaller. V I I V Gradint = is groter , dus = R is kleiner V I Option 3 / Opsie 3 Conductor Q/Geleier Q The gradient of the graph for wire Q is bigger than that for wire P. Die gradint van die grafiek vir draad Q is groter as di vir draad P 1 is bigger , thus R is smaller. Gradient = R 1 Gradint = is groter , dus R is kleiner R Option 4 / Opsie 4 Conductor Q/Geleier Q I Gradient / Gradint = = conductance / konduktansie (geleidings vermo) V Wire Q has a higher conductance than wire P/Draad Q het 'n hor konduktansie (geleidingsvermo) as draad P
[12.1.2]

(4) [6]

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QUESTION 12/VRAAG 12

12.1

Vint = 45 43,5 = 1,5 V 1 ,5 V I= = =3A OR/OF R 0,5 V12 = IR12 = 3 x 12 = 36 V OR/OF V// = 43,5 36 = 7,5 V I=
V// 7,5 = 0,75 A = R 10

emf/emk = Vext + Vint 45 = 43,5 + I(0,5)

I=3A

emf/emk = I(R+r) 45 = 3(R + 0,5) R = 14,5

OR/OF V = IR 45 = 3R R = 15

Rp = 14,5 12 = 2,5 Rp=15 12 0,5=2,5 1 1 1 = + R r1 r2 1 1 1 = + 2,5 10 r R = 3,33 Current divides in ratio 3:1 1 3 = 0,75 A 4
[12.1.3]

(8)

12.2

IR = 3 0,75 = 2,25 A V 7,5 = 3,33 OR/OF R = // = I 2,25

emf/emk = I(R+r) 45 = 3(R + 0,5) R = 14,5 Rp = 14,5 12 = 2,5 1 1 1 1 1 1 = + = + R = 3,33 R r1 r2 2,5 10 r

[12.1.3]

(3)

12.3

Increases/Toeneem The total resistance increases, therefore the current decreases therefore Vinternal decrease therefore reading on V increases Die totale weerstand neem toe Stroom neem af, Vintern neem af en dus [12.2.3] neem V toe

(4) [15]

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QUESTION 13/VRAAG 13

13.1

AC (generator) / WS (generator) OR/OF Alternator/Alternator (Separate) slipring (for each side of the loop). (Aparte) sleepring (vir elke kant van die winding). X to/na Y

[12.1.2] [12.1.2]

(2) (2)

13.2 13.3

V (volt)

t (s) OR/OF V (volt)

Marks/ Checklist/Kontrolelys Criteria for sketch graph Punte Kriteria vir sketsgrafiek Correct labelling of axes Korrekte benoeming van asse Shape of graph at least one cycle Vorm van grafiek- ten minste een siklus Accept / Aanvaar V(volt)

t t (s)

t (s)

[12.1.2]

(2) [6]

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QUESTION 14/VRAAG 14

14.1 14.2

Vrms/wgk =

Vmax 2

200 =

Vmax 2

= Vmax/maks = 282,84 V

[12.2.3]

(3)

Pave =

V 2rms 220 2 1 200 = R = 40,33 OR/OF R R

2

Pave = VrmsIrms 1200 = (220)Irms Irms = 5,45 A V = IR 220 = (5,45)R R = 40,33

V At 200 V: Pave = rms R

200 2 = 991,82 W 40,33

OR/OF Pave = VrmsIrms 1200 = (220)Irms Irms = 5,45 A Using ratios: 220 V uses current of 5,45 A
200 V uses current of 4,95 A
[12.1.3]

Pave = VrmsIrms = (200)(4,95) = 990,91 W 14.3 V stays constant As more appliances are connected to the multi-plug the total resistance decreases causing the main current drawn by the multi-plug to increase. Due to the high current the heating effect will increase and can cause damage/trips the main switch V bly konstant Soos wat meer meer toestelle aan die meervoudige kragprop geskakel word, neem die totale weerstand af En gevolglik neem die hoofstroom wat deur die meervoudige kragprop getrek word toe As gevolg van die ho stroom neem die verhittingseffek toe wat skade kan veroorsaak/die hoofskakelaar kan afskop. OR/OF
Pave Vrms As the number of appliances increase, the current drawn will increaseDue to the high current the heating effect will increase and can cause damage/trips the main switch

(4)

V remains constant ; Pave = VrmsIrms Irms =

Vwgk Soos die aantal toesetelle toeneem, sal die totale stroom toeneem As gevolg van die ho stroom neem die verhittingseffek toe wat skade kan veroorsaak/die hoofskakelaar kan afskop.

V bly konstant; Pgem = VwgkIwgk Iwgk =

Pgem

[12.3.2]

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QUESTION 15/VRAAG 15

15.1

Photo-electric effect/Foto-elektriese effek

[12.2.1]

(1)

15.2 Option 1 / Opsie 1 c = f 3 x 108 = f(200 x 10-9) f = 1,5 x 1015 Hz f0 = W0 7,57 10 19 = = 1,14 x 1015 Hz 34 h 6,63 10 Frequency (1,5 x 1015 Hz) greater than threshold frequency (1,14 x1015 Hz) photo-electrons will be emitted./ Frekwensie groter as drumpelfrekwensie foto-elektrone word vrygestel. c = f 3 x 108 = f(200 x 10-9) f = 1,5 x 1015 Hz E(photon/foton) = hf = (6,63 x 10-34)(1,5 x 1015) = 9,95 x 10-19 J E(photon/foton) > work function/werkfunksie photo-electrons will be emitted/foto-elektrone sal vrygestel word.
Option 3 / Opsie 3 (6,63 10 34 )(3 10 8 ) c = 9,95 x 10-19 J E = h = (200 10 9 ) E(photon/foton) > work function/werkfunksie photo-electrons will be emitted/foto-elektrone sal vrygestel word Option 4 / Opsie 4

Option 2 / Opsie 2

c hf = Wo + Ek h = Wo + Ek 34 8 (6,63 10 )(3 10 ) = 7,57 x 10-19 + Ek Ek = 2,375 x 10-19J 9 (200 10 )

will emit electrons as the electrons have a kinetic energy sal elektrone vrystel aangesien die elektrone kinetiese energie het
[12.1.3]

(6)

15.3.1

The energy of the photo-electrons remains unchanged as the frequency / wavelength of the photons did not change. Die energie van die foto-elektrone bly dieselfde, omdat die frekwensie /golflengte van die fotone nie verander het nie. Number of photo-electrons (per second) is increased When the intensity is increased the number of photons will increase, releasing an increased number of electrons. Aantal foto-elektrone vrygestel (per sekonde) vermeerder. Verhoging van intensiteit vermeerder die aantal fotone wat meer elektrone vrystel.

[12.2.2]

(2)

15.3.2

[12.2.2]

(2) [11]
115 150

TOTAL SECTION B/TOTAAL AFDELING B: GRAND TOTAL/GROOTTOTAAL:

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