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Antibodies: Type Response Action Other Hypersensitivity Type

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens. There are five main antibody isotypes - IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM - that have different structures and functions. IgG is the most abundant antibody in secondary immune responses and can activate complement, opsonize bacteria, neutralize viruses and toxins. IgA is found in secretions and prevents pathogens from attaching to mucous membranes. IgM is the first antibody produced during primary responses and can activate complement. IgE triggers allergic reactions by inducing mast cell and basophil degranulation. Antibody isotype switching is regulated by cytokines

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91 views2 pages

Antibodies: Type Response Action Other Hypersensitivity Type

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens. There are five main antibody isotypes - IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM - that have different structures and functions. IgG is the most abundant antibody in secondary immune responses and can activate complement, opsonize bacteria, neutralize viruses and toxins. IgA is found in secretions and prevents pathogens from attaching to mucous membranes. IgM is the first antibody produced during primary responses and can activate complement. IgE triggers allergic reactions by inducing mast cell and basophil degranulation. Antibody isotype switching is regulated by cytokines

Uploaded by

mcwnotes
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Antibodies

Antibodies
Type Response Action Other Hypersensitivity type
G Main Ab in 2° Complement activation, Most numerous II (cytotoxic) and III
response crosses placenta, opsonize Longest half-life (T1/2~month) (immune complex)
bacteria, neutralize toxins FcγRIII on NK cells for ADCC
and viruses
A Mucous membranes Prevent attachment of Monomer or dimmer
microbes to mucous memb. In secretions (picks up secretory
Does not fix complement component from epithelium)
Neonatal passive immunity T1/2~week
M 1° response Complement activation, Ag Does Not cross placenta
receptor on naïve B-cell Monomer on B-cell or pentamer
E Immediate Induces release of mediators Lowest concentration I (immediate) – allergy
from mast cells and Shortest T1/2
basophils Immunity to worms
Activate eosinophils FcεRI on eosinophils for ADCC
D Unclear On surface of naïve B cells

Isotype Switching
Default  IgM/D
- Helper T cells : CD40L, Cytokines switch
• IFN-γ  IgG
• IL-4  IgE
• TGF-β or mucosal tissue  IgA

Thymus Independent Ag
- Polymeric Ag (polysaccharides) – Not presented to B cells - Only IgM secreted
- Little isotype switching (maybe to IgG), basically ø memory

Ab Effector Fxns
- Neutralize microbes and toxins
- Opsonization and ↑ phagocytosis of microbes (requires x-linking as safety measure)
- ADCC (Ab Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)
- Complement Activation (3 pathways) (3 results)
• Alternative – C3
C3C3b + BbC3bBb(C3-convertase) + C3bC3bBb3b (C5-convertase)
• Classical – C1
IgG/M + C1 + C4b2b (C3-convertase) +C3bC4b2b3b (C5-convertase)
C4 + C2C4b +C2b ^
• Lectin – MBL
MBLC4b + C2bC4b2b +C3bC4b2b3b (C5-convertase)
• Once C3-convertase is attaced, C3 cleavage yields C3b which attaches to C3
convertase to form C5-convertase and covalently binds to the microbe (C3 opsonizes)
• C5-convertase cleaves C5C5b
• C5b binds C6,7, 8 and poly C9 sequentiallyMAC (Membrane Attack Complex)
which causes cell lysis
• C3b also cleaves C3,4,5C3a, C4a, C5a for inflammatory pathway (activate
leukocytes – ↑ cytokines and ROI)
• Host Cell has DAF, CR1 to displace Bb from C3b or MCP, CR1 as cofactor for Factor
1 to cleave C3b to make inactive, C1 INH prevents C1 from being active and cleaving
Antibodies
C2 and C4 (stop complement cascade on healthy cells)

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