8086

Table 2 Instruction Set Summary

Mnemonic and
Instruction Code
Description
DATA TRANSFER
MOV e Move (|ODITSZAPC|=|---------|) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RegisterMemory tofrom Register 1 0 0 0 1 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 w mod 0 0 0 rm data data if w e 1
Immediate to Register 1 0 1 1 w reg data data if w e 1
Memory to Accumulator 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 w addr-low addr-high
Accumulator to Memory 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 w addr-low addr-high
RegisterMemory to Segment Register 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 mod 0 reg rm
Segment Register to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 mod 0 reg rm
PUSH e Push (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
RegisterMemory 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mod 1 1 0 rm
Register 0 1 0 1 0 reg
Segment Register 0 0 0 reg 1 1 0
POP e Pop (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 mod 0 0 0 rm
Register 0 1 0 1 1 reg
Segment Register 0 0 0 reg 1 1 1
XCHG e Exchange (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
RegisterMemory with Register 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 w mod reg rm
Register with Accumulator 1 0 0 1 0 reg
IN e Input from (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Fixed Port 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 w port
Variable Port 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 w
OUT e Output to (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Fixed Port 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 w port
Variable Port 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 w
XLAT e Translate Byte to AL 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LEA e Load EA to Register 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 mod reg rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LDS e Load Pointer to DS 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 mod reg rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LES e Load Pointer to ES 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 mod reg rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LAHF e Load AH with Flags 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
SAHF e Store AH into Flags 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |----*****|)
PUSHF e Push Flags 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
POPF e Pop Flags 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |*********|)
Mnemonic and
Instruction Code
Description
ARITHMETIC 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADD e Add (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
RegMemory with Register to Either 0 0 0 0 0 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 s w mod 0 0 0 rm data data if s w e 01
Immediate to Accumulator 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 w data data if w e 1
ADC e Add with Carry (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
RegMemory with Register to Either 0 0 0 1 0 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 s w mod 0 1 0 rm data data if s w e 01
Immediate to Accumulator 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 w data data if w e 1
INC e Increment (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---****-|)
RegisterMemory 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 w mod 0 0 0 rm
Register 0 1 0 0 0 reg
AAA e ASCII Adjust for Add 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---??*?*|)
DAA e Decimal Adjust for Add 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---*****|)
SUB e Subtract (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
RegMemory and Register to Either 0 0 1 0 1 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate from RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 s w mod 1 0 1 rm data data if s w e 01
Immediate from Accumulator 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 w data data if w e 1
SBB e Subtract with Borrow: (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
RegMemory and Register to Either 0 0 0 1 1 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate from RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 s w mod 0 1 1 rm data data if s w e 01
Immediate from Accumulator 0 0 0 1 1 1 w data data if w e 1
DEC e Decrement (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---****-|)
Registermemory 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 w mod 0 0 1 rm
Register 0 1 0 0 1 reg
NEG e Change sign 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 0 1 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
CMP e Compare (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
RegisterMemory and Register 0 0 1 1 1 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate with RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 s w mod 1 1 1 rm data data if s w e 01
Immediate with Accumulator 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 w data data if w e 1
AAS e ASCII Adjust for Subtract 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---??*?*|)
DAS e Decimal Adjust for Subtract 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---*****|)
MUL e Multiply (Unsigned) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 1 0 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---????*|)
IMUL e Integer Multiply (Signed) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 1 0 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---????*|)
AAM e ASCII Adjust for Multiply 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---**?*?|)
DIV e Divide (Unsigned) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 1 1 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---?????|)
IDIV e Integer Divide (Signed) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 1 1 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---?????|)
AAD e ASCII Adjust for Divide 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |?---**?*?|)
CBW e Convert Byte to Word 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
CWD e Convert Word to Double Word 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Mnemonic and
Instruction Code
Description
LOGIC 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOT e Invert 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 0 1 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
SHLSAL e Shift LogicalArithmetic Left 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 1 0 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
SHR e Shift Logical Right 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 1 0 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
SAR e Shift Arithmetic Right 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 1 1 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
ROL e Rotate Left 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 0 0 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |-------- |)
ROR e Rotate Right 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 0 0 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)
RCL e Rotate Through Carry Flag Left 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 0 1 0 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)
RCR e Rotate Through Carry Right 1 1 0 1 0 0 v w mod 0 1 1 rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |*-------*|)
AND e And (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
RegMemory and Register to Either 0 0 1 0 0 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 w mod 1 0 0 rm data data if w e 1
Immediate to Accumulator 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 w data data if w e 1
TEST e And Function to Flags No Result (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
RegisterMemory and Register 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 w mod reg rm
Immediate Data and RegisterMemory 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 w mod 0 0 0 rm data data if w e 1
Immediate Data and Accumulator 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 w data data if w e 1
OR e Or (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
RegMemory and Register to Either 0 0 0 0 1 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 w mod 0 0 1 rm data data if w e 1
Immediate to Accumulator 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 w data data if w e 1
XOR e Exclusive or (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---**?**|)
RegMemory and Register to Either 0 0 1 1 0 0 d w mod reg rm
Immediate to RegisterMemory 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 w mod 1 1 0 rm data data if w e 1
Immediate to Accumulator 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 w data data if w e 1
STRING MANIPULATION
REP e Repeat 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 z (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
MOVS e Move ByteWord 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 w (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
CMPS e Compare ByteWord 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 w (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
SCAS e Scan ByteWord 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 w (|ODITSZAPC| = |*---*****|)
LODS e Load ByteWd to ALAX 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 w (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
STOS e Stor ByteWd from ALA 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 w (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
CONTROL TRANSFER
CALL e Call (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Direct within Segment 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 disp-low disp-high
Indirect within Segment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mod 0 1 0 rm
Direct Intersegment 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 offset-low offset-high
seg-low seg-high
Indirect Intersegment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mod 0 1 1 rm
Mnemonic and
Instruction Code
Description
JMP e Unconditional Jump: (|---------|) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Direct within Segment 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 disp-low disp-high
Direct within Segment-Short 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 disp
Indirect within Segment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mod 1 0 0 rm
Direct Intersegment 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 offset-low offset-high
seg-low seg-high
Indirect Intersegment 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mod 1 0 1 rm
RET e Return from CALL (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
Within Segment 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
Within Seg Adding Immed to SP 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 data-low data-high
Intersegment 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Intersegment Adding Immediate to SP 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 data-low data-high
JEJZ e Jump on EqualZero 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 disp (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
JLJNGE e Jump on LessNot Greater
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 disp
or Equal
JLEJNG e Jump on Less or Equal
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 disp
Not Greater
JBJNAE e Jump on BelowNot Above
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 disp
or Equal
JBEJNA e Jump on Below or Equal
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 disp
Not Above
JPJPE e Jump on ParityParity Even 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 disp
JO e Jump on Overflow 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 disp
JS e Jump on Sign 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 disp
JNEJNZ e Jump on Not EqualNot Zero 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 disp
JNLJGE e Jump on Not LessGreater
0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 disp
or Equal
JNLEJG e Jump on Not Less or Equal
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 disp
Greater
JNBJAE e Jump on Not BelowAbove
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 disp
or Equal
JNBEJA e Jump on Not Below or
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 disp
EqualAbove
JNPJPO e Jump on Not ParPar Odd 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 disp
JNO e Jump on Not Overflow 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 disp
JNS e Jump on Not Sign 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 disp
LOOP e Loop CX Times 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 disp (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LOOPZLOOPE e Loop While ZeroEqual 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 disp
LOOPNZLOOPNE e Loop While Not
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 disp
ZeroEqual
JCXZ e Jump on CX Zero 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 disp (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
INT e Interrupt: (|ODITSZAPC| = |--00-----|)
Type Specified 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 type
Type 3 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
INTO e Interrupt on Overflow 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--**-----|)
IRET e Interrupt Return 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |*********|)
Mnemonic and
Instruction Code
Description
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PROCESSOR CONTROL
CLC e Clear Carry 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--------0|)
CMC e Complement Carry 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--------*|)
STC e Set Carry 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--------1|)
CLD e Clear Direction 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |-0-------|)
STD e Set Direction 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |-1-------|)
CLI e Clear Interrupt 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--0------|)
STI e Set Interrupt 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |--1------|)
HLT e Halt 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
WAIT e Wait 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
ESC e Escape (to External Device) 1 1 0 1 1 x x x mod x x x rm (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
LOCK e Bus Lock Prefix 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 (|ODITSZAPC| = |---------|)
NOTES
AL e 8-bit accumulator
AX e 16-bit accumulator
CX e Count register
DS e Data segment
ES e Extra segment
Abovebelow refers to unsigned value
Greater e more positive
Less e less positive (more negative) signed values
if d e 1 then to reg if d e 0 then from reg
if w e 1 then word instruction if w e 0 then byte instruc-
tion
if mod e 11 then rm is treated as a REG field
if mod e 00 then DISP e 0 disp-low and disp-high are
absent
if mod e 01 then DISP e disp-low sign-extended to
16 bits disp-high is absent
if mod e 10 then DISP e disp-high disp-low
if rm e 000 then EA e (BX) a (SI) a DISP
if rm e 001 then EA e (BX) a (DI) a DISP
if rm e 010 then EA e (BP) a (SI) a DISP
if rm e 011 then EA e (BP) a (DI) a DISP
if rm e 100 then EA e (SI) a DISP
if rm e 101 then EA e (DI) a DISP
if rm e 110 then EA e (BP) a DISP
if rm e 111 then EA e (BX) a DISP
DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data if re-
quired)
except if mod e 00 and rm e 110 then EA e disp-high
disp-low
The codes used for 'Affected Flags' column are: |-*01? | Unaffected/Affected/Reset/Set/Unknown
if s w e 01 then 16 bits of immediate data form the oper-
and
if s w e 11 then an immediate data byte is sign extended
to form the 16-bit operand
if v e 0 then count e 1 if v e 1 then count in (CL)
x e dont care
z is used for string primitives for comparison with ZF FLAG
SEGMENT OVERRIDE PREFIX
0 0 1 reg 1 1 0
REG is assigned according to the following table
16-Bit (w e 1) 8-Bit (w e 0) Segment
000 AX 000 AL 00 ES
001 CX 001 CL 01 CS
010 DX 010 DL 10 SS
011 BX 011 BL 11 DS
100 SP 100 AH
101 BP 101 CH
110 SI 110 DH
111 DI 111 BH
Instructions which reference the flag register file as a 16-bit
object use the symbol FLAGS to represent the file
FLAGS e XXXX(OF)(DF)(IF)(TF)(SF)(ZF)X(AF)X(PF)X(CF)
NOTES:
Tabulated and Edited by Dr. Mohammed Hawa, University of Jordan.
Version 1.1, June, 2005.
Pin Diagram
Intentionally
Blank
8086 Registers
Rotate Instructions
CF
CF
CF 0
CF 0
CF
CF
CF 0
CF
RCL
ROL
SHL
SAL
RCR
ROR
SHR
SAR
Conditional Jump Instructions
Instruction Description Condition Aliases Opposite
JC Jump if carry Carry = 1 JB, JNAE JNC
JNC Jump if no carry Carry = 0 JNB, JAE JC
JZ Jump if zero Zero = 1 JE JNZ
JNZ Jump if not zero Zero = 0 JNE JZ
JS Jump if sign Sign = 1 - JNS
JNS Jump if no sign Sign = 0 - JS
JO Jump if overflow Overflow = 1 - JNO
JNO Jump if no overflow Overflow = 0 - JO
JP Jump if parity Parity = 1 JPE JNP
JPE Jump if parity even Parity = 1 JP JPO
JNP Jump if no parity Parity = 0 JPO JP
JPO Jump if parity odd Parity = 0 JNP JPE
Unsigned Comparisons
Instruction Description Condition Aliases Opposite
JA Jump if above (>) Carry = 0, Zero = 0 JNBE JNA
JNBE Jump if not below nor equal (not <=) Carry = 0, Zero = 0 JA JBE
JAE Jump if above or equal (>=) Carry = 0 JNC, JNB JNAE
JNB Jump if not below (not <) Carry = 0 JNC, JAE JB
JB Jump if below (<) Carry = 1 JC, JNAE JNB
JNAE Jump if not above nor equal (not >=) Carry = 1 JC, JB JAE
JBE Jump if below or equal (<=) Carry = 1 or Zero = 1 JNA JNBE
JNA Jump if not above (not >) Carry = 1 or Zero = 1 JBE JA
JE Jump if equal (=) Zero = 1 JZ JNE
JNE Jump if not equal () Zero = 0 JNZ JE
Signed Comparisons
Instruction Description Condition AliasesOpposite
JG Jump if greater (>) Sign = Overflow or Zero = 0 JNLE JNG
JNLE Jump if not less than nor equal (not <=) Sign = Overflow or Zero = 0 JG JLE
JGE Jump if greater than or equal (>=) Sign = Overflow JNL JGE
JNL Jump if not less than (not <) Sign = Overflow JGE JL
JL Jump if less than (<) Sign Overflow JNGE JNL
JNGE Jump if not greater nor equal (not >=) Sign Overflow JL JGE
JLE Jump if less than or equal (<=) Sign Overflow or Zero = 1 JNG JNLE
JNG Jump if not greater than (not >) Sign Overflow or Zero = 1 JLE JG
JE Jump if equal (=) Zero = 1 JZ JNE
JNE Jump if not equal () Zero = 0 JNZ JE
8086 Flags Register
|ODITSZAPC| Overflow Flag, Direction Flag, Interrupt Flag, Trap Flag,
Sign Flag, Zero Flag, Auxilary carry Flag, Parity Flag,
Carry Flag
ASCII Character Set
Intentionally
Blank
Assembler Directives
ALIGN
ASSUME sr:sy(,...)
ASSUME NOTHING
DB e(,...)
DBS e
DD e(,...)
DDS e
DW e(,...)
DWS e
EXT (sr:)sy(t)
LABEL t
PROC t
Align to word boundary
Assume segment register name(s)
Remove all former assumptions
Define Byte(s)
Define Byte Storage
Define Double Word(s)
Define Double Word Storage
Define Word(s)
Define Word Storage
External(s)(t=ABS/BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Label (t=BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)
Procedure (t=FAR/NEAR, default NEAR)
ABS
BYTE
DWORD
FAR
HIGH
LENGTH
LOW
NEAR
OFFSET
PTR
SEG
SHORT
SIZE
THIS
TYPE
WORD
Absolute value of operand
Byte type operation
Double Word operation
IP and CS registers altered
High-order 8 bits of 16-bit value
Number of basic units
Low-order 8 bit of 16-bit value
Only IP register need be altered
Offset portion of an address
Create a variable or label
Segment of address
One byte for a JMP operation
Number of bytes defined by statement
Create a variable/label of specified type
Number of bytes in the unit defined
Word operation