NUMBER SYSTEMS Natural Numbers:All positive integers are natural numbers. Ex 1 ! " # $ ......

T%ere are in&inite natural numbers an' number 1 is t%e least natural number. Base' on 'ivisibilit( t%ere )oul' be t)o t(pes o& natural numbers. T%e( are *rime an' +omposite. *rime Numbers :A natural number larger t%an unit( is a prime number i& it 'oes not %ave ot%er 'ivisors ex+ept &or itsel& an' unit(. Note:-Unit( i e 1 is not a prime number. Properties Of Prime Numbers:-,T%e lo)est prime number is !. -,! is also t%e onl( even prime number. -,T%e lo)est o'' prime number is ". -,T%e remain'er )%en a prime number p,-. s 'ivi'e' b( / is 1 or ..0o)ever i& a number on being 'ivi'e' b( / gives a remain'er 1 or . nee' not be prime. -,T%e remain'er o& 'ivision o& t%e s1uare o& a prime number p,-. 'ivi'e b( !# is 1. -,2or prime numbers p," p34-1 is 'ivi'e' b( !#. -,5& a an' b are an( ! o'' primes t%en a34-b34 is +omposite. Also a346b34 is +omposite. -,T%e remain'er o& t%e 'ivision o& t%e s1uare o& a prime number p,-. 'ivi'e' b( 1! is 1. Process to Check A Number s Prime or not:Ta7e t%e s1uare root o& t%e number. Roun' o& t%e s1uare root to t%e next %ig%est integer +all t%is number as 8. 9%e+7 &or 'ivisibilit( o& t%e number N b( all prime numbers belo) 8. 5& t%ere is no numbers belo) t%e value o& 8 )%i+% 'ivi'es N t%en t%e number )ill be prime. Example !": is prime or not; <=>!": lies bet)een 1. or 1/.0en+e ta7e t%e value o& 8-1/. *rime numbers less t%an 1/ are ! " . ? 11 an' 1". !": is not 'ivisible b( an( o& t%ese. 0en+e )e +an +on+lu'e t%at !": is a prime number. 9omposite Numbers:T%e numbers )%i+% are not prime are 7no)n as +omposite numbers. 9o-*rimes:T)o numbers a an b are sai' to be +o-primes i& t%eir 0.9.2 is 1. Example @! "A @# .A @? :A @$ 11A..... *la+e value or Bo+al value o& a 'igit in a Number:

place value: Example /$:?#.1"!

*la+e value o& ! is @!C1A-! *la+e value o& " is @"C1DA-"D an' so on. Face value:-5t is t%e value o& t%e 'igit itsel& at )%atever pla+e it ma( be. Example /$:?#.1"! 2a+e value o& ! is !. 2a+e value o& " is " an' so on. Tests o& Eivisibilit(:-

Eivisibilit( b( !:-A number is 'ivisible b( ! i& its unitFs 'igit is an( o& D ! # / $. Example $#:"! is 'ivisible b( ! )%ile /.:". is not. Eivisibilit( b( ":-A number is 'ivisible b( " i& t%e sum o& its 'igits is 'ivisible b( ". Example 1..:!#$! is 'ivisible b( " sin+e sum o& its 'igits .6:6!6#6$6!-"D )%i+% is 'ivisible b( ". !.$/#"!: is not 'ivisible b( " sin+e sum o& its 'igits $6/6#6"6!6:-"! )%i+% is not 'ivisible b( ". Eivisibilit( b( #:-A number is 'ivisible b( # i& t%e number &orme' b( last t)o 'igits is 'ivisible b( #. Example 1.$:!/#$ is 'ivisible b( # sin+e t%e number &orme' b( t%e last t)o 'igits is #$ 'ivisible b( #. !.But ?#:!$! is not 'ivisible b( # sin+e t%e number &orme' b( t%e last t)o 'igits is $! is not 'ivisible b( #. Eivisibilit( b( .:-A number 'ivisible b( . i& its unitFs 'igit is eit%er D or .. Example !D$!D .D"#. Eivisibilit( b( /:-5& t%e number is 'ivisible b( bot% ! an' ". example ".!./ is +learl( 'ivisible b( ! sum o& 'igits -"6.6!6.6!1 )%i+% is 'ivisible b( " T%us t%e given number is 'ivisible b( /. Eivisibilit( b( $:-A number is 'ivisible b( $ i& t%e last " 'igits o& t%e number are 'ivisible b( $. Eivisibilit( b( 11:-5& t%e 'i&&eren+e o& t%e sum o& t%e 'igits in t%e o'' pla+es an' t%e sum o& t%e 'igitsin t%e even pla+es is Gero or 'ivisible b( 11. Example #$"!?1$ @$6?6"6#A - @16!6$A-11 )%i+% is 'ivisible b( 11. Eivisibilit( b( 1!:-All numbers 'ivisible b( " an' # are 'ivisible b( 1!. Eivisibilit( b( ? 11 1":-T%e 'i&&eren+e o& t%e number o& its t%ousan's an' t%e remain'er o& its 'ivision b( 1DDD is 'ivisible b( ? 11 1". BAS C FO!"#$AE: -,@a6bA34-a346b346!ab -,@a-bA34-a346b34-!ab -,@a6bA34-@a-bA34-#ab -,@a6bA346@a-bA34-!@a346b34A -,a34-b34-@a6bA@a-bA -,@a-6b6+A34-a346b346+346!@ab6b +6+aA -,a3H6b3H-@a6bA@a346b34-abA -,a3H-b3H-@a-bA@a346b346abA -,a3H6b3H6+3H-"a b +-@a6b6+A@a346b346+34-ab-b +-+aA -,5& a6b6+-D t%en a3H6b3H6+3H-"a b + E5I5S5JN ABKJR5T0M 5& )e 'ivi'e a number b( anot%er number t%en Eivi'en' - @Eivisor C 1uotientA 6 Remain'er "#$% P$ CA% ON B& S'O!% C#% "E%'O(S

1.Multipli+ation b( 'istributive la): aAaC@b6+A-aCb6aC+ bAaC@b-+A-aCb-aC+ Example aA./?:.$C:::::-./?:.$C@1DDDDD-1A ./?:.$C1DDDDD-./?:.$C1

./?:.$DDDDD-./?:.$ ./?:.!"!D#! bA:?$C1$#6:?$C$1/-:?$C@1$#6$1/A :?$C1DDD-:?$DDD !.Multipli+ation o& a number b( .n:-*ut n Geros to t%e rig%t o& t%e multipli+an' an' 'ivi'e t%e number so &orme' b( !n Example :?.#"/C/!.-:?.#"/C.#-:?.#"/DDDDL1/-/D:/#?.DD. *RJKRESS5JN:A su++ession o& numbers &orme' an' arrange' in a 'e&inite or'er a++or'ing to +ertain 'e&inite rule is +alle' a progression. 1.Arit%meti+ *rogression:-5& ea+% term o& a progression 'i&&ers &rom its pre+e'ing term b( a +onstant. T%is +onstant 'i&&eren+e is +alle' t%e common )ifference o& t%e A.*. T%e n t% term o& t%is A.* is %n*a+n-,-.)/ T%e sum o& n terms o& A.* Sn*n0121a.+n-,-)3/ x mportant !esults:

a.16!6"6#6.......................-n@n61AL!. b.1!6!!6"!6#!6.!......................-n@n61A@!n61AL/. +.1"6!"6""6#"6."......................-n!@n61A!L# !.Keometri+ *rogression:-A progression o& numbers in )%i+% ever( term bears a +onstant ratio )it% ts pre+e'ing term. i.e a a r a r! a r"............... 5n K.* Tn-a r n-1 Sum o& n terms Sn*a+,-r n-0,-r SO$4E( P!OB$E"S

1.Simpli&( a.$$$$6$$$6$$6$ b.11::!-?$!"-#./ Solution: a.$$$$ $$$ $$ $ :$?! b.11::!-?$!"-#./-11::!-@?$!"6#./A -11::!-$!?:-"?1" !.M%at +oul' be t%e maximum value o& N in t%e &ollo)ing e1uation; .*N6"R?6!N$-111# Solution: . * N " R ? ! N $ 11 1 # !6*6N6R-11 Maximum value o& N -11-!-: @*-D R-DA ".Simpli&(: a..?:"#D.C:::: b.$":#?$C/!. Solution: a. .?:"#D.C::::-.?:"#D.C@1DDDD-1A .?:"#D.DDDD-.?:"#D.-.?:!$!./.:. b. $":#?$C/!.-$":#?$C.#-$":#?$DDDDL1/-.!#/?"?.D. #.Evaluate "1"C"1"6!$?C!$? Solution: a346b34-1L!@@a6bA346@a-bA34A 1L!@"1"6!$?A34 6@"1"-!$?A34-1L!@/DD 34 6!/ 34 A 3O@"/DDDD6/?/A-1$D""$ ..M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is a prime number; a.!#1 b.""? +.":1

Solution: a.!#1 1/,<=>!#1.0en+e ta7e t%e value o& 8-1/. *rime numbers less t%an 1/ are ! " . ? 11 an' 1". !#1 is not 'ivisible b( an( o& t%ese. 0en+e )e +an +on+lu'e t%at !#1 is a prime number. b. ""? 1:,<=>""?.0en+e ta7e t%e value o& 8-1:. *rime numbers less t%an 1/ are ! " . ? 11 1" an' 1?. ""? is not 'ivisible b( an( o& t%ese. 0en+e )e +an +on+lu'e t%at ""? is a prime number. +. ":1 !D,<=>":1.0en+e ta7e t%e value o& 8-!D. *rime numbers less t%an 1/ are ! " . ? 11 1" 1? an' 1:. ":1 is 'ivisible b( 1?. 0en+e )e +an +on+lu'e t%at ":1 is not a prime number. /.2in' t%e unitFs 'igit n t%e pro'u+t !#/? 1." C "#1?!; Solution: UnitFs 'igit in t%e given pro'u+t-UnitFs 'igit in ? 1." C 1?! No) ? # gives unit 'igit 1 ? 1.! gives unit 'igit 1 ? 1." gives 1C?-?.Also 1?! gives 1 0en+e unitFs 'igit in t%e pro'u+t -?C1-?. ?.2in' t%e total number o& prime &a+tors in #11 C? . C11! ; Solution: #11 ? . 11!- @!C!A 11 C? . C11! - !!! C? . C11! Total number o& prime &a+tors-!!6.6!-!: $.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing numbers s 'ivisible b( "; a..#1"!/ b..:/?D1" Solution: a. Sum o& 'igits in .#1"!/-.6#616"6!6/-!1 'ivisible b( ". b. Sum o& 'igits in .:/?D1"-.6:6/6?6D616"-"1 not 'ivisible b( ". :.M%at least value must be assigne' to C so t%at t% number 1:?C.#/! is 'ivisible b( :; Solution: Bet t%e missing 'igit be x Sum o& 'igits - @16:6?6x6.6#6/6!A-"#6x 2or "#6x to be 'ivisible b( : x must be repla+e' b( ! T%e 'igit in pla+e o& x must be !. 1D.M%at least number must be a''e' to "DDD to obtain a number exa+tl( 'ivisible b( 1:; Solution:Jn 'ivi'ing "DDD b( 1: )e get 1? as remain'er T%ere&ore number to be a''e' - 1:-1?-!. 11.2in' t%e smallest number o& / 'igits )%i+% is exa+tl( 'ivisible b( 111; Solution:Smallest number o& / 'igits is 1DDDDD Jn 'ivi'ing 1DDDD b( 111 )e get 1DD as remain'er Number to be a''e' -111-1DD-11. 0en+e re1uire' number -1DD11. 1!.Jn 'ivi'ing 1.:/$ b( a +ertain number t%e 1uotient is $: an' t%e remain'er is "?.2in' t%e 'ivisor; Solution:Eivisor - @Eivi'en'-Remain'erALNuotient

-@1.:/$-"?A L $: -1?:. 1".A number )%en 'ivi'e' b( "#! gives a remain'er #?.M%en t%e same number is 'ivi'e' b( 1: )%at )oul' be t%e remain'er; Solution:Number-"#! P 6 #? - 1: C 1$ P 6 1: C ! 6 :-1: @ 1$P 6 !A 6 :. T%e given number )%en 'ivi'e' b( 1: gives 1$ P 6 ! as 1uotient an' : as remain'er. 1#.A number being su++essivel( 'ivi'e' b( " . $ leaves remain'ers 1 # ? respe+tivel(. 2in' t%e respe+tive remain'ers i& t%e or'er o& 'ivisors are reverse'; Solution:Bet t%e number be x. " x . ( -1 $ G -# 1 - ? G-$C16?-1.

(-.G6# - .C1.6# - ?: x-"(61 - "C?:61-!"$ No) $ . " 1 !"$ !: - / . -# -!

Respe+tive remain'ers are / # !. 1..2in' t%e remain'er )%en !"1 is 'ivi'e' b( .; Solution:!1D -1D!#.unit 'igit o& !1D C !1D C !1D is # as #C#C# gives unit 'igit # unit 'igit o& !"1 is $. No) $ )%en 'ivi'e' b( . gives " as remain'er. !"1 )%en 'ivi'e' b( . gives " as remain'er. 1/.0o) man( numbers bet)een 11 an' :D are 'ivisible b( ?; Solution:T%e re1uire' numbers are 1# !1 !$ ........... $# T%is is an A.* )it% a-1# '-?. Bet it +ontain n terms t%en T -$#-a6@n-1A' -1#6@n-1A? -?6?n ?n-?? -,n-11. 1?.2in' t%e sum o& all o'' numbers up to 1DD; Solution:T%e given numbers are 1 " ..........::. T%is is an A.* )it% a-1 '-!. Bet it +ontain n terms 16@n-1A!-:: -,n-.D T%en re1uire' sum -nL!@&irst term 6last termA

-.DL!@16::A-!.DD. 1$.0o) man( terms are t%ere in ! # / $.......... 1D!#; Solution:9learl( ! # /........1D!# &orm a K.* )it% a-! r-! Bet t%e number o& terms be n t%en !C! n-1-1D!# !n-1 -.1!-!: n-1-: n-1D. 1:.!6!!6!"6!#6!...........6!$-; Solution:Kiven series is a K.* )it% a-! r-! an' n-$. Sum Sn-a@1-r nAL1-r-Sn-!@1-!$AL1-!. -!C!..-.1D. !D.A positive number )%i+% )%en a''e' to 1DDD gives a sum )%i+% is greater t%an )%en it is multiplie' b( 1DDD.T%e positive integer is; a.1 b." +.. '.? Solution:1DDD6N,1DDDN +learl( N-1. !1.T%e sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers &orme' &rom t%ree 'i&&erent one 'igit natural numbers )%en 'ivi'e' b( t%e sum o& t%e original t%ree numbers is e1ual to; a.1$ b.!! +."/ '. none Solution:Bet t%e one 'igit numbers x ( G Sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers-@1Dx6(A6@1Dx6GA6@1D(6xA6@1D(6GA6@1DG6xA6@1DG6(A - !!@x6(6GA T%ere&ore sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers )%en 'ivi'e' b( sum o& one 'igit numbers gives !!. !!.T%e sum o& t%ree prime numbers is 1DD.5& one o& t%em ex+ee's anot%er b( "/ t%en one o& t%e numbers is; a.? b.!: +.#1 '/?. Solution:x6@x6"/A6(-1DD !x6(-/# T%ere&ore ( must be even prime )%i+% is ! !x6!-/#-,x-"1. T%ir' prime number -x6"/-"16"/-/?. !".A number )%en 'ivi'e' b( t%e sum o& ... an' ##. gives t)o times t%eir 'i&&eren+e as 1uotient an' "D as remain'er .T%e number is; a.1!!D b.1!.D +.!!D"D '.!!DD"D. Solution:[email protected]##[email protected]##.AC!6"D [email protected]##.AC!C11D6"D -!!DDDD6"D-!!DD"D. !#.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t)o numbers s 1"/..M%en t%e larger number is 'ivi'e' b( t%e smaller one t%e 1uotient is / an' t%e remain'er is 1.. T%e smaller number is; a.!#D b.!?D +.!:. '."/D Solution:Bet t%e smaller number be x t%en larger number -1"/.6x T%ere&ore 1"/.6x-/x61. .x-1".D -, x-!?D Re1uire' number is !?D. !..5n 'oing a 'ivision o& a 1uestion )it% Gero remain'er a +an'i'ate too7 1! as 'ivisor instea' o& !1.T%e 1uotient obtaine' b( %im )as ".. T%e +orre+t 1uotient is;

a.D

b.1! +.1"

'.!D

Solution:Eivi'en'-1!C".-#!D. No) 'ivi'en' -#!D an' 'ivisor -!1. T%ere&ore +orre+t 1uotient -#!DL!1-!D. 0.9.2 ANE B.9.M 2a+ts An' 2ormulae: 1.0ig%est 9ommon 2a+tor:@0.9.2A or Kreatest 9ommon [email protected] : T%e 0.9.2 o& t)o or more t%an t)o numbers is t%e greatest number t%at 'ivi'es ea+% o& t%em exa+tl(. T%ere are t)o met%o's : 1.2a+toriGation met%o': Express ea+% one o& t%e given numbers as t%e pro'u+t o& prime &a+tors. T%e pro'u+t o& least po)ers o& +ommon prime &a+tors gives 092. Example : 2in' 092 o& !/ C "!C.C?# !! C".C.! C ?/ !C.! C?!

Sol: T%e prime numbers given +ommon numbers are ! . ? T%ere&ore 092 is !! C . C?! . !.Eivision Met%o' : Eivi'e t%e larger number b( smaller one. No) 'ivi'e t%e 'ivisor b( remain'er. Repeat t%e pro+ess o& 'ivi'ing pre+e'ing number last obtaine' till Gero is obtaine' as number. T%e last 'ivisor is 092. Example: 2in' 092 o& .1" 11"# 1!1. Sol: 11"#A 1!1.@1 11"# ---------$1A11"#@1# $1 ----------"!# "!# ----------D ----------092 o& t%is t)o numbers is $1. $1A.1"@/ #$/ -------!?A$1@" $1 ----D --092 o& $1 an' .1" is !?. ".Beast +ommon multipleQB9MR : T%e least number )%i+% is

'ivisible b( ea+% one o& given numbers is B9M. T%ere are t)o met%o's &or t%is: 1.2a+toriGation met%o' : Resolve ea+% one into pro'u+t o& prime &a+tors. T%en B9M is pro'u+t o& %ig%est po)ers o& all &a+tors. !.9ommon 'ivision met%o'. *roblems: 1.T%e 092 o& ! numbers is 11 an' B9M is /:".5& one o& numbers is ??.&in' ot%er. Sol: Jt%er number - 11 C /:"L??-::. !.2in' largest number o& # 'igits 'ivisible b( 1! 1. 1$ !? Sol: T%e largest number is ::::. B9M o& 1! 1. 1$ !? is .#D. on 'ivi'ing :::: b( .#D )e get !?: as remain'er. T%ere&ore number -:::: <ST !?: -:?!D. ".2in' least number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( !D !. ". #D leaves remain'ers 1# 1: !: "#. Sol: !D<ST1#-/ !.-1:-/ ".-!:-/ #D-"#-/ T%ere&ore number -B9M o& @!D !. ". #DA - /-1":# #.!.! +an be expresse' as prime as : ! ! !.! 1!/ " /" " !1 ?

prime &a+tor is ! C! C " C " C? ..1D:.L11/$ )%en expresse' in simple &orm is 1D:.A11/$@1 1D:. -----?"A1D:.@1. ?" --------"/. "/. --------D ---------So 092 is ?" T%ere&ore

1D:.L11/$ - 1D:.L?"L11/$L?"- 1.L1/ /.K9E o& 1.D$ D."/ D.: is Sol: 092 o& 1D$ "/ :D "/A:D@! ?! ---1$A"/@! "/ ---D ---092 is 1$. 092 o& 1$ an' 1D$ is 1$ 1$A1D$@/ 1D$ ------D -------T%ere&ore 092 -D.1$ ?.T%ree numbers are in ratio 1:!:" an' 092 is 1!.2in' numbers. Sol: Bet t%e numbers be x. T%ree numbers are x !x "x T%ere&ore 092 is !xA"x@1 !x ----xA!x@! !x -------D ------------092 is x so x is 1! T%ere&ore numbers are 1! !# "/. $.T%e sum o& t)o numbers is !1/ an' 092 is !?. Sol: Bet numbers are !?a 6 !? b -!1/ a 6 b -!1/L!?-$ 9o-primes o& $ are @1 ?A an' @" .A numbers-@!? C 1 A @!? C ?A -!? $: :.B9M o& t)o numbers is #$..T%e numbers are in ratio !:". T%e sum o& numbers is Sol: Bet t%e number be x.

Numbers are !x "x B9M o& !x "x is /x T%ere&ore /x-#$ x-$. Numbers are 1/ an' !# Sum-1/ 6!#-#D. 1D.092 an' B9M o& t)o numbers are $# an' !1.5& ratio o& t)o numbers is 1:#.T%en largest o& t)o numbers is Sol: Bet t%e numbers be x #x T%en x C #x - $# C !1 x! -$# C !1 L# x - !1 Bargest number is # C !1. 11.092 o& t)o numbers is !" an' ot%er &a+tors o& B9M are 1" 1#.Bargest number is Sol: !" C 1# is Bargest number. 1!.T%e maximum number o& stu'ents among t%em 1DD1 pens an' :1D pen+ils +an be 'istribute' in su+% a )a( t%at ea+% stu'ent gets same number o& pens an' pen+ils is ; Sol: 092 o& 1DD1 an' :1D :1DA1DD1@1 :1D -----------:1A:1D@1D :1D -------D --------T%ere&ore 092-:1 1".T%e least number )%i+% s%oul' be a''e' to !#:? so t%at sum is 'ivisible b( . / # " ; Sol: B9M o& . / # " is /D. Jn 'ivi'ing !#:? b( /D )e get "? as remain'er. T%ere&ore number to a''e' is /D <ST "? -!".

Ans)er is !". 1#.T%e least number )%i+% is a per&e+t s1uare an' is 'ivisible b( ea+% o& numbers 1/ !D !# is ; Sol: B9M o& 1/ !D !# is !#D. ! C !C!C!C"C.-!#D To ma7e it a per&e+t s1uare multipl( b( " C . T%ere&ore !#D C " C .-"/DD Ans)er is "/DD. EE95MAB 2RA9T5JNS 1.Ee+imal &ra+tions: 2ra+tionin )%i+% 'enominations are po)ers o& 1D are 'e+imal &ra+tions. 1 L1D - D.1 1 L 1DD - D.D1 !.9onvertion o& Ee+imal into &ra+tion:eg: D.!. - !.L1DD - 1L# ".iA 5& numerator an' 'enominator +ontain same number o& 'e+imal pla+es t%en )e remove 'e+imal sign. T%us 1.$#L!.:: -1$#L!:: *RJBBEMS: 1.D.?. -?.L1DD -"L# !.2in' por'u+ts- /."!D#C1DD - /"!.D# ".!./1C1."-!/1C1"-"":" some o& 'e+imal pla+es ! 61 -" - ".":" #.5& 1L".?1$ -D.!/$: t%en &in' value o& 1LD.DDD"?1$ ; Sol: 1DDDDL".?1$ -1DDDDC1L".?1$ -1DDDDCD.!/$: - !/$: ..2in' &ra+tions : iA D."? - "?L:: iiA".1#!$.? -"6D.1#!$.? -" 61#!$.?L:::::: - " 1#!$.?L :::::: iiiA D.1?-1?-1L:D -1/L:D-$L#. ivAD.1!.# -1!.# -1!L::DD -1!#!L::DD-/:L..D /.2ra+tion 1D1 !?L1DDDDD Sol: 1D16!?L1DDDDD -1D16D.DDD!? -1D1.DDD!? ?.5& #?.!.D/ -#A 6 ?LB 6!9 6 .LE 6 /E t%en #D6?6D.!6D.D.6D.DDD/ Sol: +ompairing terms #A- #D -, A-1D ?LB - ? -, B-1 !9- D.!-, 9-D.1 .LE- D.D.-,E-.LD.D. -,.C1DDL. -1DD /E- D.DDD/-, E- D.DDD1 .A 6 "B6/96 E6 "E - .C1D6 "C16 /CD.1 6 1DD6 "CD.DDD1 -.D6"6D./61DD6D.DDD" -1."./DD" $.#.D"/ 'ivi'e' b( D.D# Sol: #.D"/LD.D# -#D"/L# -1DD.: :.Q D.D.LD.!. 6 D.!.L D.D.R" Sol: -,Q.L!. 6 !.L.R - Q1L.6 .R"

-!/L." -..!" - 1#D./D" 1D.T%e least among t%e &ollo)ing :a. D.! b.1LD.! +. D.! '. D.!! 1DL! -. D.!!!! D.D# D.D# U D.! U D.!! --------U. Sin+e D.D# is least @D.!A! is least. 11.Bet 2- D.$#1$1 Sol: )%en 2 is )ritten as a &ra+tion in lo)est terms 'enominator ex+ee's numerator b( $#1$1 -$#1 L::DDD - $""#DL::DDD -#/"L..D Re1uire' 'isten+e - @..D <ST #/"A - $? 1!.! .?. 6 ".?$ Sol: Q-!6D.?.R6Q-"6D.?$R --.6QD.?.6D.?$R - -.61.." --.616D.." - -#6D.." - #.." 1".t%e sum o& &irst !D terms o& series is 1L.C/ 61L/C?61L?C$------------Sol: Q1L. -1L/R6Q1L/-1L?R6Q1L?-1L$R6------------------------ Q1L.-1L!.R -#L!.-D.1/ 1#.1" 6!"6 ------------6:" -!D!. Sol: value o& @D.11A "6 @D.!!A "6---------@D.::A" -, @D.11A Q16!6--------6:R -D.DD1""1C!D!. -!./:.!?. 1..@D.:/A" <ST @D.1A"L @D.:/A! 6D.D:/ [email protected]! Sol: &ormula -, a" -b"La! 6ab 6b! -a -b @D.:/-D.1A-D.$/ 1/."./CD.#$C!..D L D.1!CD.D:CD.. Sol: "/C#$C!.DL1!C:C.-$DD 1?.&in' xL( - D.D#L1.. - #L1.D -!L?. &in' (-xL(6x @1- xL(A L @16 xL(A 1 - !L?. L1 6!L?. -?"L?? 1$.D."#/?6D.1""" Sol: "#/? -"#L::DD 6 1"""-1"L::DD - "#"" 61"!DL::DD - #?."L::DD - #$D1 -#$L::DD -D.#"D1 S5M*B5259AT5JNS 5mportant 9on+epts: iA1. FBJEMASF rule: T%is rule 'epi+ts t%e +orre+t se1uen+e in )%i+% t%e operations are to be exe+ute' so as to &in' out t%e value o& a given expression. !. 0ere B stan's &or Bra+7et J &or J& E &or Eivision M &or Multipli+ation A &or A''ition an' S &or Subtra+tion. ". 2irst o& all t%e bra+7ets must be remove' stri+tl( in t%e or'er @A VW QR. #.A&ter removing t%e bra+7ets )e )ant use t%e &ollo)ing operations: 1.J& !. Eivision ". Multipli+ation #. A''ition .. Subtra+tion iiAMo'ulus o& a real number: Mo'ulus o& a real number is a 'e&ine' as XaX - a i& a,D or -a i& a U DY *roblems: [email protected]# L1":A <ST /- ; Sol: Expression - .DD#L 1": <ST / - "/ <ST / - "DY Ans : "D

!.M%at mat%emati+al operations s%oul' +ome at t%e pla+e o& ; in t%e e1uation : @! ; / <ST 1! L # 6 ! - 11A ; Sol: ! ; / - 11 6 1! L # <ST ! - 11 6 " <ST ! - 1! ! C / - 1! Ans : C ".@ $ L $$A C $$$$D$$ - ; Sol : @1L11A C $$$$D$$ - $D$DD$ Ans: $D$DD$ #.0o) man( 1L$Fs are t%ere in "?1L! ; Sol: @"?1L!A L@1L$A- @?.L!A L@1L$A - "DD Ans: "DD ..2in' t%e values o& 1L!C" 61L"C# 61L#C.6 .................61L:C1D ; Sol: 1L!C" 61L"C#61L#C.6 ..................61L:C1D - Q3O -1L"R 6Q 1L" <ST 3ZR 6 Q3Z- 1L.R 6...............6Q1L:-1L1DR - Q 3O <ST 1L1DR - #L1. - !L. Ans : !L. /.T%e value o& ::: o& ::.L:::C ::: is: Sol: Q1DDD- #L1DDDRC::: - :::DDD-# - ::$::/ ?.Along a (ar' !!.m long !/ trees are plante' at e1ual 'istan+e one tree being at ea+% en' o& t%e (ar'. )%at is t%e 'istan+e bet)een t)o +onse+utive trees ; Sol: !/ trees %ave !. gaps bet)een t%em. 0en+e re1uire' 'istan+e - !!.L !. m- :m Ans: :m $.5n a gar'en t%ere are 1D ro)s an' 1! +olumns o& mango trees. t%e 'istan+e bet)een t%e t)o trees is ! m an' a 'istan+e o& one meter is le&t &rom all si'es o& t%e boun'ar( o& t%e lengt% o& t%e gar'en is : Sol: Ea+% ro) +ontains 1! plants. leaving ! +orner plants 1D plants in bet)een %ave 1D C ! meters an' 1 meter on ea+% si'e is le&t. lengt% - @!D 6 !A m - !!m :.Eig%t people are planning to s%are e1uall( t%e +ost o& a rental +ar i& one person )it% 'ra)s &rom t%e arrangement an' t%e ot%ers s%are e1uall( t%e entire +ost o& t%e +ar t%en t%e s%are o& ea+% o& t%e remaining persons in+rease' b(; Sol: Jriginal s%are o& one person - 1L$ ne) s%are o& one person - 1L? in+rease - 1L? <ST 1L$ - 1L./ re1uire' &ra+tions - @1L./AL@1L$A - 1L? 1D.A pie+e o& +lot% +ost Rs ".. i& t%e lengt% o& t%e pie+e )oul' %ave been #m longer an' ea+% meter +ost Re 1 less t%e +ost )oul' %ave remaine' un+%ange'. %o) long is t%e pie+e; Sol: Be&t t%e lengt% o& t%e pie+e be x m. t%en +ost o& 1m o& pie+e - Rs Q". L xR ".L x <ST ". Lx6# - 1 x 6 # <ST x - x@x6 #AL". x! 6 #x <ST 1#D - D x- 1D Ans : 1D m 11.A man 'ivi'es Rs $/DD among .sons # 'aug%ters an' ! nep%e)s. i& ea+% 'aug%ter re+eives &our times as mu+% as ea+% nep%e) an' ea+% son re+eives &ive as mu+% as ea+% nep%e). %o) mu+% 'oes ea+% 'aug%ter re+eive ; Sol: Bet t%e s%are o& ea+% nep%e) be Rs x. t%en s%are o& ea+% 'aug%ter Rs #x. s%are o& ea+% son - .x Rs so . C.x6 # C #x 6 !x -$/DD !x 6 1/x 6 !.x- $/DD #"x - $/DD

x - !DD s%are o& ea+% 'aug%ter - # C !DD - Rs $DD 1!.A man spen's !L. o& %is salar( on %ouse rent "L1D o& %is salar( on &oo' an' 1L$ o& %is salar( on +onve(an+e. i& %e %as Rs 1#DD le&t )it% %im &in' %is expen'iture on &oo' an' +onve(an+e; Sol: *art o& t%e salar( le&t - 1-Q!L. 6"L1D61L:R - 1- ""L#D -?L#D Bet t%e mont%l( salar( be rs x t%en ?L#D o& x - 1#DD x- Q1#DDC#DRL? x- $DDD Expen'iture on &oo' - "L1DC$DDD -Rs !#DD Expen'iture on +onve(an+e- 1L$C$DDD -Rs 1DDD SNUARERJJTS ANE 9UBERJJTS 2ormula: T%e *ro'u+t o& t)o same numbers in easiest )a( as &ollo). Example: let us +al+ulate t%e pro'u+t o& :/C:/ Solution: 0ere ever( number must be +ompare )it% t%e 1DD. See %ere t%e given number :/ )%i+% is # 'i&&eren+e )it% t%e 1DD. so subtra+t # &rom t%e :/ )e get :! t%en t%e s1uare o& t%e number # it is 1/ pla+e t%e 1/ besi'e t%e :! )e get ans)er as :!1/. :/ #

-------------: ! -------------#C#-1/ :!1/ t%ere&ore s1uare o& t%e t)o numbers :/C:/-:!1/. Example: 9al+ulate pro'u+t &or :$C:$ Solution: 0ere t%e number :$ is %aving ! 'i&&eren+e )%en +ompare to 1DD subtra+t ! &rom t%e number t%en )e get :/ s1uare t%e number ! it is # no) pla+e besi'e t%e :/ as :/D# :$ - ! ------------:/ ------------!C!-# : / D #. so )e get t%e pro'u+t o& :$C:$-:/D#. Example : 9al+ulate pro'u+t &or $$C$$ Solution: 0ere t%e number $$ is %aving 1! 'i&&eren+e )%en +ompare to 1DD subtra+t 1! &rom t%e $$ t%en )e get ?/ t%e s1uare o& t%e number 1! is 1## @)%i+% is t%ree 'igit number but s%oul' pla+e onl( t)o 'igit besi'e t%e ?/A t%ere&ore in su+% +ase a'' one to / t%en it be+omes ?? no) pla+e ## besi'e t%e number ??

)e )ill get ??## . ans)er )ill be ??##. $$ -1! -----------?/ ----------1!C1!-1## ?/ 6 1## -------------------??## -------------------Example: 2in' t%e pro'u+t o& t%e numbers #/ C#/; Solution: +onsi'er t%e number .D-1DDL! no) again go +omparision )it% t%e number )%i+% gets )%en 'ivision )it% 1DD. %ere +onsi'er t%e number .D )%i+% is nearer to t%e number given. #/ )%en +ompare' )it% t%e number .D )e get t%e 'i&&eren+e o& #. no) subtra+t t%e number # &rom t%e #/ )e get #!. as .D got )%en 1DD get 'ivi'e' b( !. so 'ivi'e' t%e number b( ! a&ter subtra+tion. #!L!-!1 no) s1uare t%e t%e number # i.e #C#-1/ [ust pla+e t%e number 1/ besi'e t%e number !1 )e get !11/. #/ # ---------------#! as .D - 1DDL! #!L!-!1 no) pla+e #C#-1/ besi'e !1 !11/ Ans)er )ill be !11/. Example: 2in' t%e pro'u+t o& t%e numbers "?C"? Solution: +onsi'er t%e number .D-1DDL! no) again go +omparision )it% t%e number )%i+% gets )%en 'ivision )it% 1DD. %ere +onsi'er t%e number .D )%i+% is nearer to t%e number given. "? )%en +ompare' )it% t%e number .D )e get t%e 'i&&eren+e o& 1". no) subtra+t t%e number 1" &rom t%e "? )e get !#. as .D got )%en 1DD get 'ivi'e' b( !. so 'ivi'e' t%e number b( ! a&ter subtra+tion. !#L!-1! no) s1uare t%e t%e number 1" i.e 1"C1"-1/: [ust pla+e t%e number 1/: besi'e t%e number !1 no) as 1/: is t%ree 'igit number t%en a'' 1 to ! )e get 1t as 1" t%en pla+e /: besi'e t%e 1" )e get 1"/:. "? 1"

!#

----------------as .D - 1DDL! !#L!-1!

s1uare 1"C 1"-1/: 1! 6 1/: ----------------------1" / : ------------------------Example: 2in' t%e pro'u+t o& 1D/C1D/ Solution: no) +ompare it )it% 1DD T%e given number is more t%en 1DD t%en a'' t%e extra number to t%e given number. T%at is 1D/6/-11! t%en s1uare t%e number / t%at is /C/-"/ [ust pla+e besi'e t%e number "/ besi'e t%e 11! t%en )e get 11!"/. 1D/ 6 / --------------------11! -------------------no) /C /-"/ pla+e t%is besi'e t%e number 11! )e get 11!"/ S1uare root: 5& x!-( )e sa( t%at t%e s1uare root o& ( is x an' )e )rite <=>(-x. 9ube root : T%e +ube root o& a given number x is t%e number )%ose +ube is x. )e 'enote t%e +ube root o& x b( x1L" . Examples: 1.Evaluate /D$#1L! b( &a+toriGation met%o'. Solution: Express t%e given number as t%e pro'u+t o& prime &a+tors. No) ta7e t%e pro'u+t o& t%ese prime &a+tors +%oosing one out o& ever( pair o& t%e same primes. T%is pro'u+t gives t%e s1uare root o& t%e given number. T%us resolving /D$# in t%e prime &a+tors )e get /D$# ! /D!# ! "D#! " 1.!1 " .D? 1" 1/: 1" /D$#-!1L! C"1L! C1"1L! /D$#1L!-!C"C1"-?$. Ans)er is ?$. !.)%at )ill +ome in pla+e o& 1uestion mar7 in ea+% o& t%e &ollo)ing 1uestions; iA@"!.#L;A1L! - ! iiA$/.#:1L! 6 @.6;1L!A! -1!."

Solution: 1A @"!.#LxA1L!-! S1uaring on bot% si'es )e get "!.#Lx-# -,#x-"!.# -,x-$.1 Ans)er is $.1 iiA$/.#:1L! 6 <=>@.6x!A-1!." $/.#:1L! 6 @.6x1L! A-1!." :."6 <=>@.6x1L! A-1!." -, <=>@.6x1L! A -1!."-:." -, <=>@.6x1L! A-" S1uaring on bot% si'es )e get @.6x1L! A-: x1L! -:-. x1L! -# x-!. Ans)er is !. ".<=> D.DDDD#?/1 e1uals: Solution: <=> @#?/1L1D$A <=>#?/1L<=> 1D$ . /:L1DDDD D.DD/:. Ans)er is D.DD/: #.5& <=>1$!!.-1". t%en t%e value o& <=>1$!.!. 6 <=>1.$!!. 6 <=> D.D1$!!. 6 <=>D.DDD1$!!.. Solution: <=>@1$!!.L1DDA 6<=>@1$!!.L1DDDDA 6 <=>@1$!!.L1DDDDDDA 6<=>@1$!!.L1DDDDDDDDA -<=>@1$!!.AL1D 6 @1$!!.A1L!L1DD 6 <=>@1$!!.AL1DDD 6 <=>@1$!!.AL1DDDD -1".L1D 6 1".L1DD 6 1".L1DDD 6 1".L1DDDD -1"..61.".6D.1".6D.D1".-1#.::$.. Ans)er is 1#.::$.. ..)%at s%oul' +ome in pla+e o& bot% t%e 1uestion mar7s in t%e e1uation @;L 1!$1L!- @1/!A1L!L;A ; Solution: xL 1!$1L!- @1/!A1L!Lx -,x1L!- @1!$C1/!A1L! -, x1L!- @/#C!C1$C:A1L! -,x!- @$!C/!C"!A -,x!-$C/C" -,x!-1## -,x-1!. /.5& D.1" L p1L!-1" t%en p e1uals Solution: D.1"Lp!-1" -,p!-D.1"L1" -1L1DD p!-<=>@1L1DDA -,p-1L1D t%ere&ore p-D.1

Ans)er is D.1 ?.5& 1"/:[email protected]/1.6xA1L!-"?.!. t%en x is e1uals to: Solution "[email protected]/1.6xA1L!-"?.!.@sin+e "?C"?-1"/:A -,@D.D/1.6xA1L!-D.!. S1uaring on bot% si'es @D.D/1.6xA-D.D/!. x-D.DD1 x-1D-". Ans)er is 1D-". $.5& <=>@x-1A@(6!A-? x\ ( being positive )%ole numbers t%en values o& x\ ( are; Solution: <=>@x-1A@(6!A-? S1uaring on bot% si'es )e get @x-1A@(6!A-?! x-1-? an' (6!-? t%ere&ore x-$ (-.. Ans)er x-$ (-.. :.5& "C.1L!61!.1L!-1?.$$.t%en )%at )ill be t%e value o& $D1L!6/C.1L!; Solution: "C.1L!61!.1L!-1?.$$ "C.1L!6@!.C.A1L!-1?.$$ "C.1L!6.C.1L!-1?.$$ $C.1L!-1?.$$ .1L!-!.!". t%ere&ore $D1L!6/ .1L!-@1/C.1L!A6/C1L!. -# .1L!6/ .1L! -1DC!.!". -!!.". Ans)er is !!.". 1D.5& "a-#b-/+ an' a6b6+-!?C<=>!: t%en 2in' + value is: Solution: #b-/+ -,b-"L!C+ "a-#b -,a-#L"b -,a-#L"@"L!+A-!+ t%ere&ore a6b6+-!?C!:1L! !+6"L!+6+-!?C!:1L! -,#+6"+6!+L!-!?C!:1L! -,:L!+-!?C!:1L! +-!?C!:1L!C!L: +-/C!:1L! 11.5& !C"-1"1L! an' "C#-. t%en value o& .C1! is Solution: 0ere aCb-@a!6b!A1L! t%ere&ore .C1!-@.!61!!A1L!

-@!.61##A1L! -1/:1L! -1" Ans)er is 1". 1!.T%e smallest number a''e' to /$D/!1 to ma7e t%e sum a per&e+t s1uare is Solution: 2in' t%e s1uare root number )%i+% is nearest to t%is number $ /$D/!1 $!# /# 1/! #D/ "!# 1/## $!!1 /.?/ 1/#. t%ere&ore $!# is t%e number to get t%e nearest s1uare root number ta7e @$!.C$!.A-/$D/!1 t%ere&ore /$D/!.-/$D/!1-# %en+e # is t%e number a''e' to /$D/!1 to ma7e it per&e+t s1uare.

1".T%e greatest &our 'igit per&e+t s1uare number is Solution: T%e greatest &our 'igit number is ::::. no) &in' t%e s1uare root o& ::::. : :::: :: $1 1$: 1$1: 1?D1 1:$ t%ere&ore ::::-1:$-:$D1 )%i+% is re1uire' number. Ans)er is :$D1. 1#.A man plants 1."?/ apples trees in %is gar'en an' arranges t%em so t%at t%ere are as man( ro)s as t%ere are apples trees in ea+% ro) .T%e number o& ro)s is. Solution: 0ere &in' t%e s1uare root o& 1."?/. 1 1."?/ 1!# 1 !! ." ## !## :?/ :?/ D

t%ere&ore t%e number o& ro)s are 1!#. 1..A group o& stu'ents 'e+i'e' to +olle+t as man( paise &rom ea+% member o& t%e group as is t%e number o& members. 5& t%e total +olle+tion amounts to Rs .:.!:.T%e number o& members in t%e group is: Solution: 0ere +onvert Mone( into paise. .:.!:C1DD-.:!: paise. To 7no) t%e number o& member +al+ulate t%e s1uare root o& .:!:.

? .:!: ?? #: 1#? 1D!: 1D!: D T%ere&ore number o& members are ??. 1/.A general )is%es to 'ra) up %is "/.$1 sol'iers in t%e &orm o& a soli' s1uare a&ter arranging t%em %e &oun' t%at some o& t%em are le&t over .0o) man( are le&t; Solution: 0ere %e as7e' about t%e le&t man So &in' t%e s1uare root o& given number t%e remain'er )ill be t%e le&t man 1 "/.$1 1:1 1 !: !/. !/1 "$1 #$1 "$1 1DD@sin+e remainingA T%ere&ore t%e le&t men are 1DD. 1?.B( )%at least number #"!D be multiplie' to obtain number )%i+% is a per&e+t +ube; Solution: &in' l.+.m &or #"!D. ! #"!D ! !1/D ! 1D$D ! .#D ! !?D " 1". " #. " 1. . #"!D-!. C "" C . -!" C "" C !! C. so ma7e it a per&e+t +ube it s%oul' be multiplie' b( !C.C.-.D Ans)er is .D. 1$."@#C1!L1!.A1L!-; Solution: "@.1!L1!.A1L! "@[email protected] "@$"A1L!L@."A @@$"AL@."AA1L" -,$L. or 1 "L.. AIERAKES

2ormula: 1.Average-Sum o& 1uantitiesLNumber o& 1uantities. !.Suppose a man +overs a +ertain 'istan+e at x 7mp% an' an e1ual 'istan+e at ( 7mp% t%en t%e average spee' 'uring t%e )%ole [ourne( is @!x(Lx6(A 7mp%. Examples: 1.2in' t%e average o& all t%ese numbers.1#! 1#? 1." 1/. 1.?. Solution: 1#! 1#? 1." 1/. 1.?

0ere +onsi'er t%e least number i.e 1#! +omparing )it% ot%ers 1#! 1#? 1." 1/. 1.? 6. 611 6!" 61. No) a'' .6116!"61. - .!L. - 1D.$ No) a'' 1D.$ to 1#! )e get 1.!.$ @Average o& all t%ese numbersA. Ans)er is 1.!.$ !.2in' t%e average o& all t%ese numbers.# 1D 1/ !! !$ Solution: # 1D 1/ !! !$ As t%e 'i&&eren+e o& number is / T%en t%e average o& t%ese numbers is +entral one i.e 1/. Ans)er is 1/. ".2in' t%e average o& all t%ese numbers.# 1D 1/ !! !$ "#. Solution: 0ere also 'i&&eren+e is /. T%en mi''le numbers 1/ !! ta7e average o& t%ese t)o numbers 1/6!!L!-1: T%ere&ore t%e average o& t%ese numbers is 1:. Ans)er is 1:. #.T%e average mar7s o& a mar7s o& a stu'ent in # Examination is #D.5& %e got $D mar7s in .t% Exam t%en )%at is %is ne) average. Solution: #C#D6$D-!#D T%en average means !#DL.-#$. Ans)er is #$. ..5n a group t%e average in+ome o& / men is .DD an' t%at o& . )omen is !$D t%en )%at is average in+ome o& t%e group. Solution: /C.DD6.C!$D-##DD t%en average is ##DDL11-#DD. Anot%er Met%o': %ere +onsi'er &or / men / men <ST ea+% .DD. so .t% )omen is !$D. t%en .DD-!$D-!!D. t%en !!DC/L11-1!D. t%ere&ore 1!D6!$D-#DD. Ans)er is #DD. /.T%e average )eig%t o& a +lass o& "D stu'ents is #D 7gs i& t%e tea+%er )eig%t is in+lu'e' t%en average in+reases b( ! 7gs t%en &in' t%e )eig%t o& t%e tea+%er; Solution: "D stu'ents average )eig%t is #D 7gs. So )%en tea+%er )eig%t is a''e' it in+reases b( ! 7gs so total "1 persons t%ere&ore "1C!-/!. No) a'' t%e average )eig%t o& all stu'ent to it )e get tea+%ers )eig%t i.e /!6#D-1D! 7gs. Ans)er is 1D! 7gs. ?.T%e average age o& Mr an' Mrs S%arma # (ears ago is !$ (ears . 5& t%e present average age o& Mr an' Mrs S%arma an' t%eir son is !! (ears. M%at is t%e age o& t%eir son. Solution: # (ears ago t%eir average age is !$ (ears. So t%eir present average age is "! (ears. "! (ears &or Mr an' Mrs S%arma t%en "!C!-/# (ears. T%en present age in+lu'ing t%eir son is !! (ears. So !!C" -// (ears. T%ere&ore son age )ill be //-/# - ! (ears. Ans)er is ! (ears. $.T%e average pri+e o& 1D boo7s is in+rease' b( 1? Rupees )%en

one o& t%em )%ose value is Rs.#DD is repla+e' b( a ne) boo7. M%at is t%e pri+e o& ne) boo7; Solution: 1D boo7s Average in+reases b( 1? Rupees so 1DC1?- 1?D. so t%e ne) boo7 +ost is more an' b( a''ing its +ost average in+rease t%ere&ore t%e +ost o& ne) boo7 is #DD61?D-.?DRs. Ans)er is .?D Rs. :.T%e average mar7s o& girls in a +lass is /!... T%e average mar7s o& # girls among t%em is /D.T%e average mar7s o& remaining girls is /" t%en )%at is t%e number o& girls in t%e +lass; Solution: Total number o& girls be x6#. Average mar7s o& # girls is /D. t%ere&ore /!..-/D-!.. t%en #C!.. -1D. t%e average o& remaining girls is /" %ere D.. 'i&&eren+e t%ere&ore D..Cx-1D@sin+e )e got &rom # girlsA @t%is is ta7en be+oG bot% s%oul' be e1ualA x-1DLD.. x-!D. T%is +lear sa(s t%at remaining are !D girls t%ere&ore total is x6#-!D6#-!# girls Ans)er is !# girls. 1D.2in' t%e average o& &irst .D natural numbers. Solution: Sum o& t%e Natural Numbers is n@n61AL! t%ere&ore &or .D Natural numbers .DC.1L!-??.. t%e average is ??.L.D-1... Ans)er is 1... . 11.T%e average o& t%e &irst nine prime number is; Solution: *rime numbers are ! " . ? 11 1" 1? 1: !" t%ere&ore !6"6.6?61161"61?61:6!"-1DD t%en t%e average 1DDL:- 11 1L:. Ans)er is 11 1L:. 1!.T%e average o& ! ? / an' x is . an' t%e average o& an' t%e average o& 1$ 1 / x an' ( is 1D .)%at is t%e value o& (; Solution: !6?6/6xL#-. -,1.6x-!D -,x-.. 1$616/6x6(L.-1D -,!.6.6(-.D -,(-!D. 1".T%e average o& a non-Gero number an' its s1uare is . times t%e number.T%e number is Solution: T%e number be x t%en x6x!L!-.x -,x!-:x-D -,x@x-:A-D t%ere&ore x-D or x-:. T%e number is :. 1#.Nine persons )ent to a %otel &or ta7ing t%eir meals . Eig%t o& t%em spent Rs.1! ea+% on t%eir meals an' t%e nint% spent Rs.$ t%en t%e average expen'iture o& all t%e nine. M%at )as t%e total mone( spent b( t%em; Solution: T%e average expen'iture be x. t%en $C1!6@x6$A-:x -,:/6x6$-:x. -,$x-1D# -,x-1" Total mone( spent -:x-,:C1"-11?

Ans)er is Rs.11? 1..T%e average )eig%t o& A.B.9 is #. Pgs.5& t%e average )eig%t o& A an' B be #D Pgs an' t%at o& Ban' 9 be #" Pgs. 2in' t%e )eig%t o& B; Solution: T%e )eig%t o& A B 9are #.C"-1". Pgs. T%e )eig%t o& A B are #DC!-$D Pgs. T%e )eig%t o& B 9 are #"C!-$/ Pgs. To get t%e Meig%t o& B. @A6BA6@B69A-@A6B69A-$D6$/-1". B-"1 7gs. Ans)er is "1 Pgs. 1/.T%e sum o& t%ree +onse+utive o'' number is #$ more t%an t%e average o& t%ese number .M%at is t%e &irst o& t%ese numbers; Solution: let t%e t%ree +onse+utive o'' numbers are x x6! x6#. B( a''ing t%em )e get x6x6!6x6#-"x6/. T%en "x6/-@"x6/AL"-"$@givenA -,!@"x6/A-"$C". -,/x61!-11# -,/x-1D! -,x-1?. Ans)er is 1?. 1?.A &amil( +onsists o& gran'parents parents an' t%ree gran'+%il'ren. T%e average age o& t%e gran'parents is /? (ears t%at o& parents is ". (ears an' t%at o& t%e gran' +%il'ren is / (ears . M%at is t%e average age o& t%e &amil(; Solution: gran'parents age is /?C!-1"# parents age is ".C!-?D gran'+%il'ren age is /C"-1$ t%ere&ore age o& &amil( is 1"#6?D61$-!!! average is !!!L?-"1 .L? (ears. Ans)er is "1 .L? (ears. 1$.A librar( %as an average o& .1D visitors on Sun'a(s an' !#D on ot%er 'a(s .T%e average number o& visitors per 'a( in a mont% "D 'a(s beginning )it% a Sun'a( is; Solution: 0ere spe+i&ie' t%at mont% starts )it% Sun'a( so in a mont% t%ere are . Sun'a(s. T%ere&ore remaining 'a(s )ill be !. 'a(s. .1DC.6!#DC!.-!..D6/DDD -$..D visitors. T%e average visitors are $..DL"D-!$.. Ans)er is !$..

1:.T%e average age o& a +lass o& ": stu'ents is 1. (ears . 5& t%e age o& t%e tea+%er be in+lu'e' t%en average in+reases b( " mont%s. 2in' t%e age o& t%e tea+%er. Solution: Total age &or ": persons is ":C1.-.$. (ears. No) #D persons is #DC /1L#-/1D (ears @sin+e 1. (ears " mont%s-1. "L1!-/1L#A Age o& t%e tea+%er -/1D-.$. (ears -,!. (ears. Ans)er is !. (ears. !D.T%e average )eig%t o& a 1D oarsmen in a boat is in+reases b( 1.$ Pgs .M%en one o& t%e +re) )%o )eig%s ." Pgs is repla+e' b( ne) man. 2in' t%e )eig%t o& t%e ne) man.

Solution: Meig%t o& 1D oars men is in+reases b( 1.$ Pgs so 1DC1.$-1$ Pgs t%ere&ore ."61$-?1 Pgs )ill be t%e )eig%t o& t%e man. Ans)er is ?1 Pgs. !1.A bats man ma7es a s+ore o& $? runs in t%e 1?t% inning an' t%us in+reases %is average b( ". 2in' t%e average a&ter 1?t% inning. Solution: Average a&ter 1? t% inning -x t%en &or 1/t% inning is x-". T%ere&ore 1/@x-"A6$? -1?x -,x-$?-#$ -,x-":. Ans)er is ":. !!.T%e average age o& a +lass is 1..$ (ears .T%e average age o& bo(s in t%e +lass is 1/.# (ears )%ile t%at o& t%e girls is 1..# (ears .M%at is t%e ratio o& bo(s to girls in t%e +lass. Solution: Ratio be 7:1 t%en 7C1/.# 6 1C1..# - @761AC1..$ -,@1/.#-1..$A7-1..$-1..# -,7-D.#LD./ -,7-!L" t%ere&ore !L":1-,!:" Ans)er is !:" !".5n a +ri+7et eleven t%e average o& eleven pla(ers is !$ (ears .Jut o& t%ese t%e average ages o& t%ree groups o& pla(ers ea+% are !. (ears !$ (ears an' "D (ears respe+tivel(. 5& in t%ese groups t%e +aptain an' t%e (oungest pla(er are not in+lu'e' an' t%e +aptain is eleven (ears ol'er t%an t%e (oungest pla(ers )%at is t%e age o& t%e +aptain; Solution: let t%e age o& (oungest pla(er be x t%en age o& t%e +aptain -@x611A t%ere&ore "C!. 6 "C!$ 6 "C"D 6 x 6 x611-11C!$ -,?.6$#6:D6!x611-"D$ -,!x-#$ -,x-!#. T%ere&ore age o& t%e +aptain -@x611A- !#611- ". (ears. Ans)er is ". (ears. !#.T%e average age o& t%e bo(s in t%e +lass is t)i+e t%e number o& girls in t%e +lass .5& t%e ratio o& bo(s an' girls in t%e +lass o& "/ be .:1 )%at is t%e total o& t%e age @in (earsA o& t%e bo(s in t%e +lass; Solution: Number o& bo(s-"/C.L/-"D Number o& girls -/ Average age o& bo(s -!C/-1! (ears Total age o& t%e bo(s-"DC1!-"/D (ears Ans)er is "/D (ears. !..2ive (ears ago t%e average age o& * an' N )as

1. (ears average age o& * N an' R to'a( is !D (ears %o) ol' )ill R be a&ter 1D (ears; Solution: Age o& * an' N are 1.C!-"D (ears *resent age o& * an' N is "D6.C!-#D (ears. Age o& * N an' R is !DC"- /D (ears. R present age is /D-#D-!D (ears A&ter 1D (ears -!D61D-"D (ears. Ans)er is "D (ears. !/.T%e average )eig%t o& " men A B an' 9 is $# Pgs. Anot%er man E [oins t%e group an' t%e average no) be+omes $D Pgs.5& anot%er man E )%ose )eig%t is " Pgs more t%an t%at o& E repla+es A t%en t%e average )eig%t B 9 E an' E be+omes ?: Pgs. T%e )eig%t o& A is. Solution:Total )eig%t o& A B an' 9 is $# C " -!.! Pgs. Total )eig%t o& A B 9 an' Eis $DC#-"!D Pgs T%ere&ore E-"!D-!.!-/$ Pgs. E )eig%t @/$6"A-?1 7gs Total )eig%t o& B 9 E an' E - ?:C#-"1/ Pgs @A6B696EA-@B696E6EA-"!D-"1/ -#Pgs A-E-#Pgs A-?1-# 7gs A-?. Pgs Ans)er is ?. 7gs !?.A team o& $ persons [oins in a s%ooting +ompetition. T%e best mar7sman s+ore' $. points.5& %e %a' s+ore' :! points t%e average s+ore &or t%e team )oul' %ave been $#.T%e team s+ore' )as. Solution: 0ere +onsi'er t%e total s+ore be x. t%ere&ore x6:!-$.L$-$# -,x6?-/?! -,x-//.. Ans)er is //. !$.A man )%ose bo)ling average is 1!.# ta7es . )i+7ets &or !/ runs an' t%ere b( 'e+rease %is average b( D.#. T%e number o& )i+7ets ta7en b( %im be&ore %is last mat+% is: Solution: Number o& )i+7ets ta7en be&ore last mat+% be x. t%ere&ore 1!.#x!/Lx6.-1!@sin+e average 'e+rease b( D.# t%ere&ore 1!.#-D.#-1!A -,1!.#x6!/1!x6/D -,D.#x-"# -,x-"#DL# -,x-$.. Ans)er is $..

!:.T%e mean temperature o& Mon'a( to Me'nes'a( )as "? 'egrees

an' o& Tues'a( to T%urs'a( )as "# 'egrees .5& t%e temperature on T%urs'a( )as #L.t% t%at o& Mon'a(. T%e temperature on T%urs'a( )as: Solution: T%e total temperature re+or'e' on Mon'a( Me'nes'a( )as "?C"-111. T%e total temperature re+or'e' on Tues'a( Me'nes'a( T%urs'a( )as "#C"-1D!. an' also given t%at T%-#L.M -,M-.L#T% @M6T6MA-@T6M6T%A-111-1D!-: M-T%-: .L#T%-T%-: T%@1L#A-: -,T%-"/ 'egrees. "D. 1/ +%il'ren are to be 'ivi'e' into t)o groups A an' B o& 1D an' / +%il'ren. T%e average per+ent mar7s obtaine' b( t%e +%il'ren o& group A is ?. an' t%e average per+ent mar7s o& all t%e 1/ +%il'ren is ?/. M%at is t%e average per+ent mar7s o& +%il'ren o& groups B; Solution: 0ere given average o& group A an' )%ole groups . So @?/C1/A-@?.C1DAL/ -,1!1/-?.DL/ -,#//L/-!""L"-?? !L" Ans)er is ?? !L". "1.J& t%e t%ree numbers t%e &irst is t)i+e t%e se+on' an' t%e se+on' is t)i+e t%e t%ir' .T%e average o& t%e re+ipro+al o& t%e numbers is ?L?! t%e number are. Solution:Bet t%e t%ir' number be x Bet t%e se+on' number be !x. Bet t%e &irst number be #x. T%ere&ore average o& t%e re+ipro+al means 1Lx61L!x61L#x-@?L?!C"A ?L#x-?L!# -,#x-!# x-/. T%ere&ore 2irst number is #C/-!#. Se+on' number is !C/-1! T%ir' number is 1C/-/ Ans)er is !# 1! /. "!.T%e average o& . numbers is ?.M%en " ne) numbers are a''e' t%e average o& t%e eig%t numbers is $... T%e average o& t%e t%ree ne) number is: Solution: Sum o& t%ree ne) numbers-@$C$..-.C?A-"" T%eir average -""L"-11. Ans)er is 11. "".T%e average temperature o& t%e to)n in t%e &irst &our 'a(s o& a mont% )as .$ 'egrees. T%e average &or t%e se+on' t%ir' &ourt% an' &i&t% 'a(s )as /D 'egree .5& t%e temperature o& t%e &irst an' &i&t% 'a(s )ere in t%e ratio ?:$ t%en )%at is

t%e temperature on t%e &i&t% 'a(; Solution : Sum o& temperature on 1st !n' "r' an' #t% 'a(s -.$C#-!"! 'egrees. Sum o& temperature on !n' "r' #t% an' .t% 'a(s -/DC#-!#D 'egrees T%ere&ore .t% 'a( temperature is !#D-!"!-$ 'egrees. T%e ratio given &or 1st an' .t% 'a(s be ?x an' $x 'egrees t%en $x-?x-$ -,x-$. t%ere&ore temperature on t%e .t% 'a( -$x-$C$-/# 'egrees. *RJBBEMS JN NUMBERS SJBIEE *RJBBEMS

Simple problems: 1.M%at least number must be a''e' to "DDD to obtain a number exa+tl( 'ivisible b( 1:; Solution: Jn 'ivi'ing "DDD b( 1: )e get 1? as remain'er T%ere&ore number to be a''e' - 1:-1?-!. !.2in' t%e unitFs 'igit n t%e pro'u+t !#/? 1." C "#1?!; Solution: UnitFs 'igit in t%e given pro'u+t-UnitFs 'igit in ? 1." C 1?! No) ? # gives unit 'igit 1 ? 1.! gives unit 'igit 1 ? 1." gives 1C?-?.Also 1?! gives 1 0en+e unitFs 'igit in t%e pro'u+t -?C1-?. ".2in' t%e total number o& prime &a+tors in #11 C? . C11! ; Solution: #11 ? . 11!- @!C!A 11 C? . C11! - !!! C? . C11! Total number o& prime &a+tors-!!6.6!-!: #.T%e least umber o& &ive 'igits )%i+% is exa+tl( 'ivisible b( 1! 1. an' 1$ is; a.1DD1D b.1DD1. +.1DD!D '.1DD$D Solution: Beast number o& &ive 'igits is 1DDDD B.9.Mo& 1! 1. 1$ s 1$D. Jn 'ivi'ing 1DDDD b( 1$D t%e remain'er is 1DD. T%ere&ore re1uire' number-1DDDD6@1$D-1DDA -1DD$D. Ans @'A. ..T%e least number )%i+% is per&e+t s1uare an' is 'ivisible b( ea+% o& t%e numbers 1/ !D an' !# is; a.1/DD b."/DD +./#DD '.1##DD Solution: T%e least number 'ivisible b( 1/ !D !# - B.9.M o& 1/ !D !#-!#D -!C!C!C!C"C. To ma7e it a per&e+t s1uare it must be multiplie' b( "C.. T%ere&ore re1uire' number -!#DC"C.-"/DD. Ans @bA. /.A positive number )%i+% )%en a''e' to 1DDD gives a sum )%i+% is greater t%an )%en it is multiplie' b( 1DDD.

T%e positive integer is; a.1 b." +.. '.? Solution: 1DDD6N,1DDDN +learl( N-1. ?.0o) man( numbers bet)een 11 an' :D are 'ivisible b( ?; Solution: T%e re1uire' numbers are 1# !1 !$ ........... $#. T%is is an A.* )it% a-1# '-?. Bet it +ontain n terms t%en T -$#-a6@n-1A' -1#6@n-1A? -?6?n ?n-?? -,n-11. $.2in' t%e sum o& all o'' numbers up to 1DD; Solution: T%e given numbers are 1 " ..........::. T%is is an A.* )it% a-1 '-!. Bet it +ontain n terms 16@n-1A!-:: -,n-.D T%en re1uire' sum -nL!@&irst term 6last termA -.DL!@16::A-!.DD. :.0o) man( terms are t%ere in ! # / $.......... 1D!#; Solution: 9learl( ! # /........1D!# &orm a K.* )it% a-! r-! Bet t%e number o& terms be n t%en !C! n-1-1D!# !n-1 -.1!-!: n-1-: n-1D. 1D.!6!!6!"6!#6!...........6!$-; Solution: Kiven series is a K.* )it% a-! r-! an' n-$. Sum Sn-a@1-r nAL1-r-Sn-!@1-!$AL1-!. -!C!..-.1D. 11.2in' t%e number o& Geros in !?]; Solution: S%ort +ut met%o' : number o& Geros in !?]-!?L. 6 !?L!. -.61-/Geros. Me'ium *roblems: 1!.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t)o numbers 1"/..M%en t%e larger number is 'ivi'e' b( t%e smaller one t%e 1uotient is / an' t%e remain'er is 1..T%e smaller number is; a.!#D b.!?D +.!:. '."/D Solution: Bet t%e smaller number be x t%en larger number -1"/.6x T%ere&ore 1"/.6x-/x61. .x-1".D -, x-!?D Re1uire' number is !?D. 1".2in' t%e remain'er )%en !"1 is 'ivi'e' b( .; Solution: !1D -1D!#. unit 'igit o& !1D C !1D C !1D is # as #C#C# gives unit 'igit # unit 'igit o& !"1 is $. No) $ )%en 'ivi'e' b( . gives " as remain'er.

!"1 )%en 'ivi'e' b( . gives " as remain'er. 1#.T%e largest &our 'igit number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( # ? or 1" leaves a remain'er o& " in ea+% +ase is; a.$?": b.:$"1 +.:$"# '.:$:". Solution: Kreatest number o& &our 'igits is :::: B.9.M o& # ? an' 1"-"/#. Jn 'ivi'ing :::: b( "/# remain'er obtaine' is 1?1. T%ere&ore greatest number o& &our 'igits 'ivisible b( # ? 1" -::::-1?1-:$!$. 0en+e re1uire' number-:$!$6"-:$"1. Ans @bA. 1..M%at least value must be assigne' to C so t%at t% number 1:?C.#/! is 'ivisible b( :; Solution: Bet t%e missing 'igit be x Sum o& 'igits - @16:6?6x6.6#6/6!A-"#6x 2or "#6x to be 'ivisible b( : x must be repla+e' b( ! T%e 'igit in pla+e o& x must be !. 1/.2in' t%e smallest number o& / 'igits )%i+% is exa+tl( 'ivisible b( 111; Solution: Smallest number o& / 'igits is 1DDDDD Jn 'ivi'ing 1DDDD b( 111 )e get 1DD as remain'er Number to be a''e' -111-1DD-11. 0en+e re1uire' number -1DD11. 1?.A number )%en 'ivi'e' b( "#! gives a remain'er #?.M%en t%e same number is 'ivi'e' b( 1: )%at )oul' be t%e remain'er; Solution: Number-"#! P 6 #? - 1: C 1$ P 6 1: C ! 6 :-1: @ 1$P 6 !A 6 :. T%e given number )%en 'ivi'e' b( 1: gives 1$ P 6 ! as 1uotient an' : as remain'er. 1$.5n 'oing a 'ivision o& a 1uestion )it% Gero remain'er a +an'i'ate too7 1! as 'ivisor instea' o& !1.T%e 1uotient obtaine' b( %im )as ".. T%e +orre+t 1uotient is; a.D b.1! +.1" '.!D Solution: Eivi'en'-1!C".-#!D. No) 'ivi'en' -#!D an' 'ivisor -!1. T%ere&ore +orre+t 1uotient -#!DL!1-!D. 1:.5& a number is multiplie' b( !! an' t%e same number is a''e' to it t%en )e get a number t%at is %al& t%e s1uare o& t%at number. 2in' t%e number. a.#. b.#/ +.#? '. none Solution: Bet t%e re1uire' number be x. Kiven t%at xC!!6x - 1L! x! !"x - 1L! x! x - !C!"-#/ Ans @bA !D.2in' t%e number o& Geros in t%e &a+torial o& t%e number 1$; Solution: 1$] +ontains 1. an' . )%i+% +ombine' )it% one even number gives Geros. Also 1D is also +ontaine' in 1$] )%i+% )ill give a''itional Gero .0en+e 1$] +ontains " Geros an' t%e last 'igit )ill al)a(s be Gero. !1.T%e sum o& t%ree prime numbers is 1DD.5& one o& t%em ex+ee's anot%er b( "/ t%en one o& t%e numbers is; a.? b.!: +.#1 '/?.

Solution: x6@x6"/A6(-1DD !x6(-/# T%ere&ore ( must be even prime )%i+% is ! !x6!-/#-,x-"1. T%ir' prime number -x6"/-"16"/-/?. !!.A number )%en 'ivi'e' b( t%e sum o& ... an' ##. gives t)o times t%eir 'i&&eren+e as 1uotient an' "D as remain'er . T%e number is; a.1!!D b.1!.D +.!!D"D '.!!DD"D. Solution: [email protected]##[email protected]##.AC!6"D [email protected]##.AC!C11D6"D -!!DDDD6"D-!!DD"D. !".T%e 'i&&eren+e o& 1D!.-? an' 1D!#6x is 'ivisible b( " &or x-; a." b.! +.# './ Solution: T%e 'i&&eren+e o& 1D!.-? an' 1D!#6x is -@1D!.-?A-@1D!#-xA -1D!.-?-1D!#-x -1D.1D!#-? -1D!#-x -1D!#@1D-1A-@?-xA -1D!#C:-@?6xA T%e above expression is 'ivisible b( " so )e %ave to repla+e x )it% !. Ans @bA. 9omplex *roblems: !#.Six bells +ommen+e tolling toget%er an' toll at intervals o& ! # / $ 1D 1! se+on's respe+tivel(. 5n "D minutes %o) man( times 'o t%e( toll toget%er; Solution: To &in' t%e time t%at t%e bells )ill toll toget%er )e %ave to ta7e B.9.M o& ! # / $ 1D 1! is 1!D. So t%e bells )ill toll toget%er a&ter ever( 1!D se+on's i e ! minutes 5n "D minutes t%e( )ill toll toget%er Q"DL! 61R-1/ times !..T%e sum o& t)o numbers is 1. an' t%eir geometri+ mean is !D^ lo)er t%an t%eir arit%meti+ mean. 2in' t%e numbers; a.11 # b.1! " +.1" ! '.1D .

Solution: Sum o& t%e t)o numbers is a6b-1.. t%eir A.M - a6b L ! an' K.M - @abA1L! Kiven K.M - !D^ lo)er t%an A.M -$DL1DD A.M @abA1L!-#L. a6bL! - !C1.L.- / @abA1L!-/ ab-"/ -,b-"/La a6b-1.

a6"/La-1. a!6"/-1.a a!-1.a6"/-D a!-"a-1!a6"/-D a@a-"A-1!@a-"A-D a-1! or ". 5& a-" an' a6b-1. t%en b-1!. 5& a-1! an' a6b-1. t%en b-". Ans @bA. !/.M%en )e multipl( a +ertain t)o 'igit number b( t%e sum o& its 'igits #D. is a+%ieve'. 5& )e multipl( t%e number )ritten in reverse or'er o& t%e same 'igits b( t%e sum o& t%e 'igits )e get #$/.2in' t%e number; a.$1 b.#. +."/ '. none

Solution: Bet t%e number be x (. M%en )e multipl( t%e number b( t%e sum o& its 'igit #D. is a+%ieve'. @1Dx6(A@x6(A-#D.....................1 5& )e multipl( t%e number )ritten in reverse or'er b( its sum o& 'igits )e get #$/. @1D(6xA@x6(A-#$/......................! 'ivi'ing 1 an' ! @1Dx6(A@x6(AL@1D(6xA@x6(A - #D.L#$/. 1Dx6( L 1D(6x - .L/. /Dx6/( - .D(6.x ..x-##( .x - #(. 2rom t%e above +on'ition )e +on+lu'e t%at t%e above +on'ition is satis&ie' b( t%e se+on' option i e b. #.. Ans @bA. !?.2in' t%e 092 an' B9M o& t%e pol(nomials x!-.x6/ an' x!-?x61D; a.@x-!A @x-!A@x-"[email protected] b.@x-!A @x-!A@x-"A +.@x-"A @x-!A@x-"[email protected] '. none Solution: T%e given pol(nomials are x!-.x6/-D................1 x!-?x61D-D...............! )e %ave to &in' t%e &a+tors o& t%e pol(nomials x!-.x6/ an' x!-?x61D x!-!x-"x6/ x!-.x-!x61D x@x-!A-"@x-!A [email protected][email protected] @x-"A@x-!A @[email protected] 2rom t%e above &a+tors o& t%e pol(nomials )e +an easil( &in' t%e 092 as @x-"Aan' B9M as @x-!A@x-"[email protected]. Ans @+A !$.T%e sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers &orme' &rom

t%ree 'i&&erent one 'igit natural numbers )%en 'ivi'e' b( t%e sum o& t%e original t%ree numbers is e1ual to; a.1$ b.!! +."/ '. none

Solution: Bet t%e one 'igit numbers x ( G Sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers -@1Dx6(A6@1Dx6GA6@1D(6xA6@1D(6GA6@1DG6xA6@1DG6(A - !!@x6(6GA T%ere&ore sum o& all possible t)o 'igit numbers )%en 'ivi'e' b( sum o& one 'igit numbers gives !!. !:.A number being su++essivel( 'ivi'e' b( " . $ leaves remain'ers 1 # ? respe+tivel(. 2in' t%e respe+tive remain'ers i& t%e or'er o& 'ivisors are reverse'; Solution: Bet t%e number be " . ( $ G 1 x. - x - 1 - # - ?

G-$C16?-1. (-.G6# - .C1.6# - ?: x-"(61 - "C?:61-!"$ No) $ !"$ . !: - / " . - # 1 - ! Respe+tive remain'ers are / # !. "D.T%e arit%meti+ mean o& t)o numbers is smaller b( !# t%an t%e larger o& t%e t)o numbers an' t%e KM o& t%e same numbers ex+ee's b( 1! t%e smaller o& t%e numbers. 2in' t%e numbers; b.$ ./ +.1! /D '.? .. Solution: Bet t%e numbers be a b )%ere a is smaller an' b is larger number. T%e AM o& t)o numbers is smaller b( !# t%an t%e larger o& t%e t)o numbers. AM-b-!# AM o& t)o numbers is a6bL!. a6bL! - b-!# a6b - !b-#$ a - b-#$...................1 T%e KM o& t%e t)o numbers ex+ee's b( 1! t%e smaller o& t%e numbers KM - a61! KM o& t)o numbers is @abA1L! @abA
1L!

a./ .#

- a61!

ab - a!61##6!#a &rom 1 b-a6#$ a@a6#$A- a!61##6!#a a!6#$a - a!61##6!#a !#a-1##-,a-/

T%ere&ore Ans @aA. "1.T%e sum o& s1uares o& t%e 'igits +onstituting a positive t)o 'igit number is 1" 5& )e subtra+t : &rom t%at number )e s%all get a number )ritten b( t%e same 'igits in t%e reverse or'er. 2in' t%e number; a.1! b."! +.#! '..!.

b-a6#$-.#.

Solution: Bet t%e number be x (. t%e sum o& t%e s1uares o& t%e 'igits o& t%e number is 1" x!6(!-1" 5& )e subtra+t : &rom t%e number )e get t%e number in reverse or'er x (-:-( x. 1Dx6(-:-1D(6x. :x-:(-: x-(-1 @x-(A! -x!6(!-!x ( 1 -1"-!x ( !x ( - 1! x ( - / -,(-/Lx x-(-1 x-/Lx-1 x!-/-x x!-x-/-D x6!x-"x-/-D x@x6!A-"@x6!A-D x-" -!. 5& x-" an' x-(-1 t%en (-!. 5& x--! an' x-(-1 t%en (--". T%ere&ore t%e number is "!. Ans @bA. "!.5& )e a'' t%e s1uare o& t%e 'igit in t%e tens pla+e o& t%e positive t)o 'igit number to t%e pro'u+t o& t%e 'igits o& t%at number )e get .! an' i& )e a'' t%e s1uare o& t%e 'igit in t%e unitFs pla+e to t%e same pro'u+t o& t%e 'igits )e get 11?.2in' t%e t)o 'igit number; a.1$ b.": +.#: '.!$ Solution: Bet t%e 'igit number be x ( Kiven t%at i& )e a'' s1uare o& t%e 'igit in t%e tens pla+e o& a number to t%e pro'u+t o& t%e 'igits )e get .!. x!6x (-.!. x@x6(A-.!....................1 Kiven t%at i& )e a'' t%e s1uare o& t%e 'igit in t%e unitFs pla+ e to t%e pro'u+t is 11?. (!6x (- 11? (@x6(A-11?.........................! 'ivi'ing 1 an' ! x@x6(AL(@x6(A - .!L11?-#L: xL(-#L: &rom t%e options )e +on+lu'e t%at t%e t)o 'igit number is #: be+ause t%e +on'ition is satis&ie' b( t%e t%ir' option. Ans @+A "".T%e 'enominators o& an irre'u+ible &ra+tion is greater t%an t%e numerator b( !.5& )e re'u+e t%e numerator o& t%e re+ipro+al &ra+tion b( " an' subtra+t t%e given &ra+tion &rom t%e resulting one )e get 1L1..2in' t%e given &ra+tion; Solution: Bet t%e given &ra+tion be x L @x6!A be+ause given t%at

'enominator o& t%e &ra+tion is greater t%an t%e numerator b( ! 1 <ST Q@x <ST 1L@x6!AAL"R - 1L1.. 1 <ST @x!6!x-1A L"@x6!A - 1L1. @"x6/-x!-!x61AL"@x6!A - 1L1. @?-x!6!xAL@x6!A - 1L. -.x!6.x6". - x6! .x!-#x-"" - D .x!-1.x611x-"" - D .x@x-"A611@x-"A - D @.x611A@x-"A - D T%ere&ore x--11L. or " T%ere&ore t%e &ra+tion is xL@x6!A - "L.. "#.T%ree numbers are su+% t%at t%e se+on' is as mu+% lesser t%an t%e t%ir' as t%e &irst is lesser t%an t%e se+on'. 5& t%e pro'u+t o& t%e t)o smaller numbers is $. an' t%e pro'u+t o& t)o larger numbers is 11.. 2in' t%e mi''le number; Solution: Bet t%e t%ree numbers be x ( G Kiven t%at G <ST ( - ( <ST x !( - x6G.....................1 Kiven t%at t%e pro'u+t o& t)o smaller numbers is $. x ( - $.................! Kiven t%at t%e pro'u+t o& t)o larger numbers is 11. ( G - 11................" Eivi'ing ! an' " x ( L( G - $.L11. x L G - 1? L !" 2rom 1 !( - x6G !( - $.L( 6 11.L( !(! - !DD (! - 1DD ( - 1D "..5& )e 'ivi'e a t)o 'igit number b( t%e sum o& its 'igits )e get # as a 1uotient an' " as a remain'er. No) i& )e 'ivi'e t%at t)o 'igit number b( t%e pro'u+t o& its 'igits )e get " as a 1uotient an' . as a remain'er . 2in' t%e t)o 'igit number; Solution: Bet t%e t)o 'igit number is x (. Kiven t%at x ( L @x6(A 1uotient-# an' remain'er - " )e +an )rite t%e number as x ( - #@x6(A 6"...........1 Kiven t%at x ( L@xC(A 1uotient - " an' remain'er - . )e +an )rite t%e number as x ( - " xC( 6................! B( trail an' error met%o' 2or example ta7e x-1 (-! 1............1!-#@!6"A6" -#C"6" ] -1. let us ta7e x-! (-" 1..............!"-#@!6"A6" -!D6" -!" !.............!"-"C!C"6. -1$6. -!" t%e above t)o e1uations are satis&ie' b( x-! an' (-" T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' number is !". "/.2irst )e in+rease' t%e 'enominator o& a positive &ra+tion b( " an' t%en it b( ..T%e sum o& t%e resulting &ra+tions proves to be e1ual to !L". 2in' t%e 'enominator o& t%e &ra+tion i& its numerator is !. Solution: Bet us assume t%e &ra+tion is xL(

2irst )e in+reasing t%e 'enominator b( " )e get xL@(-"A T%en 'e+rease it b( . )e get t%e &ra+tion as xL@(-.A Kiven t%at t%e sum o& t%e resulting &ra+tion is !L" xL@(6"A 6 xL@(-.A - !L" Kiven numerator e1ual to ! !CQ 1L(6" 6 1L(-.R -!L" @(-.6(6"A L @(-"A@(6.A -1L" /( <ST / - (!-.(6"(-1. (!-$(-: - D (!-:(6(-: - D (@(-:A61@(-:A - D T%ere&ore ( --1 or :. "?.5& )e 'ivi'e a t)o 'igit number b( a number +onsisting o& t%e same 'igits )ritten in t%e reverse or'er )e get # as 1uotient an' 1. as a remain'er. 5& )e subtra+t 1 &rom t%e given number )e get t%e sum o& t%e s1uares o& t%e 'igits +onstituting t%at number. 2in' t%e number; a.?1 b.$" +.:: '. none

Solution: Bet t%e number be x (. 5& )e 'ivi'e 1Dx6( b( a number in reverse or'er i e 1D(6x )e get # as 1uotient an' 1. as remain'er. Me +an )rite as 1Dx6( - #@1D(6xA61.......................1 5& )e subtra+t 1 &rom t%e given number )e get s1uare o& t%e 'igits 1Dx6( - x!6(!.....................................! B( using above t)o e1uations an' trail an' error met%o' )e get t%e re1uire' number. 2rom t%e options also )e +an solve t%e problem. 5n t%is no option is satis&ie' so ans)er is '. Ans @'A *roblems Jn Ages 1. T%e present age o& a &at%er is " (ears more t%an t%ree times t%e age o& %is son.T%ree (ears %en+e &at%er<S_s age )ill be 1D (ears more t%an t)i+e t%e age o& t%e son.2in' t%e present age o& t%e &at%er. Sol: Bet t%e present age be FxF (ears. T%en &at%erFs present age is "x6" (ears. T%ree (ears %en+e @"x6"A6"-!@x6"A61D x-1D 0en+e &at%erFs present age - "x6" - "" (ears. !. Jne (ear ago t%e ratio o& Ramu \ Somu age )as /:?respe+tivel(. 2our (ears %en+e t%eir ratio )oul' be+ome ?:$. 0o) ol' is Somu. Sol: Bet us assume Ramu \Somu ages are x \( respe+tivel(. Jne (ear ago t%eir ratio )as /:? i.e x-1 L (-1 - / L ? ?x-/(-1 2our (ears %en+e t%eir ratios )oul' be+ome ?:$ i.e x-# L (-# - ? L $ $x-?(--# 2rom t%e above t)o e1uations )e get (- "/ (ears. i.e Somu present age is "/ (ears. ". T%e total age o& A \B is 1! (ears more t%an t%e total age o& B\9. 9 is %o) man( (ear (ounger t%an A. Sol: 2rom t%e given 'ata A6B - 1!6@B69A A6B-@B69A - 1! A-9-1! (ears. 9 is 1! (ears (ounger t%an A #. T%e ratio o& t%e present age o& * \ N is /:?. 5& N is # (ears ol' t%an *. )%at )ill be t%e ratio o& t%e ages o& * \ N a&ter # (ears.

Sol: T%e present age o& * \ N is /:? i.e *LN -/L? N is # (ears ol' t%an * i.e N - *6#. *L *6# - /L? ?*-/* - !# * - !# N - *6# -!#6# - !$ A&ter # (ears t%e ratio o& * \N is *6#:N6# !#6# : !$6# - !$:"! - ?:$ .. T%e ratio o& t%e age o& a man \ %is )i&e is #:".A&ter # (ears t%is ratio )ill be ::?. 5& t%e time o& marriage t%e ratio )as .:" t%en %o) man( (ears ago )ere t%e( marrie'. Sol: T%e age o& a man is #x . T%e age o& %is )i&e is "x. A&ter # (ears t%eir ratioFs )ill be ::? i.e #x6# L "x6# - : L ? !$x-!?x-"/-!$ x - $. Age o& a man is #x - #C$ - "! (ears. Age o& %is )i&e is "x - "C$ - !# (ears. Bet us assume F(F (ears ago t%e( )ere marrie' t%e ratio )as .:" i.e "!-( L !#-( - .L " (-1! (ears i.e 1! (ears ago t%e( )ere marrie' /. Sne%Fs age is 1L/t% o& %er &at%erFs age.Sne%Fs &at%erFs age )ill be t)i+e t%e age o& IimalFs age a&ter 1D (ears. 5& Iimal<S_s eig%t birt%'a( )as +elebrate' t)o (ears be&ore t%en )%at is Sne%Fs present age. aA / !L" (ears bA !# (ears +A "D (ears 'A None o& t%e above Sol: Assume Sne%<S_s age is FxF (ears. Assume %er &at%ers age is F(F (ears. Sne%<S_s age is 1L/ o& %er &at%ers age i.e x - ( L/. 2at%er<S_s age )ill be t)i+e o& IimalFs age a&ter 1D (ears. i.e (61D - !@ I61DA @ )%ere FIF is t%e IimalFs ageA IimalFs eig%t birt%'a( )as +elebrate' t)o (ears be&ore T%en t%e IimalFs present age is 1D (ears. Y61D - !@1D61DA Y-"D (ears. Sne%Fs present age x - (L/ x - "DL/ - . (ears. Sne%Fs present age is . (ears. ?.T%e sum o& t%e ages o& t%e . +%il'renFs born at t%e intervals o& " (ears ea+% is .D (ears )%at is t%e age o& t%e (oungest +%il'. aA # (ears bA $ (ears +A 1D (ears 'ANone o& t%e above Sol: Bet t%e age o& t%e +%il'renFs be x x6" x6/ x6: x61!. x6@x6"A6@x6/A6@x6:A6@x61!A - .D .x6"D - .D .x - !D x-#. Age o& t%e (oungest +%il' is x - # (ears. $. 5& / (ears are subtra+te' &rom t%e present age o& Kagan an' t%e remain'er is 'ivi'e' b( 1$ t%en t%e present age o& %is gran'son Anup is obtaine'. 5& Anup is ! (ears (ounger to Ma'an )%ose age is . (ears t%en )%at is KaganFs present age. aA #$ (ears bA/D (ears +A$# (ears 'A/. (ears

Sol: Bet us assume Kagan present age is FxF (ears. Anup age - .-! - " (ears. @x-/A L 1$ - " x-/ - .# x-/D (ears :.M( brot%er is " (ears el'er to me. M( &at%er )as !$ (ears o& age )%en m( sister )as born )%ile m( &at%er )as !/ (ears o& age )%en i )as born. 5& m( sister )as # (ears o& age )%en m( brot%er )as born t%en )%at )as t%e age m( &at%er an' mot%er respe+tivel(

)%en m( brot%er )as born. aA "! (rs !"(rs bA"! (rs !:(rs +A". (rs !:(rs 'A".(rs "" (rs

Sol: M( brot%er )as born " (ears be&ore 5 )as born \ # (ears a&ter m( sister )as born. 2at%erFs age )%en brot%er )as born - !$6# - "! (ears. Mot%erFs age )%en brot%er )as born - !/-" - !" (ears.

SURES ANE 5NE59ES

1.Ba)s o& 5n'i+es: @iA am C an - a@m6nA @iiA am L an - a@m-nA @iiiA @amAn - a@mCnA @ivA @abAn - an C bn @vA @aLbAn - an L bn @viA aD -1 !.Sur's :Bet FaF be a rational number \ FnF be a positive integer su+% t%at a1Ln -nt% root a is irrational. T%en nt% root a is +alle' FaF sur' o& FnF. *roblems:@1A @iA @!?A!L" - @""A!L" - "! - :. @iiA @1D!#A-#L. - @#.A-#L. - @#A-#- 1L@#A# - 1L!./. @iiiA @$L1!.A-#L" -@@!L.A"A-#L" - @!L.A-# - @.L!A# - /!.L1/ @!A 5& !@x-1A6 !@x61A - 1!$D t%en &in' t%e value o& x . Sol: !xL!6!x.! - 1!$D !x@16!!A - !C1!$D !x - !./DL. !x - .1! -, !x - !: x-: @"A 2in' t%e value o& Q.Q$1L"6!?1L"R"R1L# Sol: Q.Q@!"A1L"6@""A1L"R"R1L# Q.Q!6"R"R1L# Q.#R1L# -, .. @#A 5& @1L.A"(- D.DD$ t%en &in' t%e value o& @D.!.A( Sol: @1L.A"( - D.DD$ @1L.A"( -QD.!R" @1L.A"( [email protected]" "(- " -, (-1. @D.!.A( - @D.!.A1 -, D.!. - !.L1DD - 1L# @.A 2in' t%e value o& @!#"AnL. C "!n61 L :n C "
n-1

Sol: @".AnL. C "!n 61 L @"!An C "n-1 ""n61 L ""n-1 " ""n61 C "-"n61 -, "! -,:. @/A 2in' t%e value o& @!1L#-1A@ !"L# 6!1L!6!1L#61A Sol: Bet us sa( !1L# - x @x-1A@x"6x!6x61A @x-1A@x!@x61A6@x61AA @x-1A @x!61A @x61A Q @x-1A@x61A - @x!-1A R @x!61A @x!-1A -, @x#-1A @@!1L#AA# - 1A - , @!-1A - , 1. @?A 5& x- (a ( - Gb G - x+ t%en &in' t%e value o& ab+.

Sol: G- x+ G- @(aA+ Q x- (a R G- @(Aa+ G- @GbAa+ Q(- GbR G- Gab+ ab+ - 1 @$A Simpli&( @xa LxbAa!6ab6b! C @xb Lx+Ab!6b+6+! C @x+ LxaA+!6+a6a! Sol: Qxa-bRa!6ab6b! C Qxb-+Rb!6b+6+! C Qx+-aR+!6+a6a!

Q @a-bA@a!6ab6b!A - a"-b"R &rom t%e above &ormula -, xa"-b" xb"-+" x+"-a" -, xa"-b"6b"-+"6+"-a" -, xD @:A @1DDDA? L1D1$ @aA 1D @bA 1DD
" ?

-; @'A 1DDDD

@+ A 1DDD

Sol: @1DDDA? L 1D1$ @1D A L @1DA1$ - , @1DA!1 L @1DA1$ -, @1DA!1-1$ -, @1DA" -, 1DDD Ans :@ + A @1DA T%e value o& @$-!.-$-!/A is @aA ?C $-!. @bA ?C$-!/ @+ A $C $-!/ @'A None o& t%e above

Sol: @ $-!. - $-!/ A -, $-!/ @$-1 A -, ?C $-!/ Ans: @bA @11A 1 L @16 an-m A 61L @16am-nA @aA D @bA 1L! @+ A 1 -; @'A an6m

Sol: 1L @16 anLamA 6 1L @ 16 amLanA -, am L @am6 an A 6 an L@am 6an A -, @am 6an A L@am 6 anA -, 1 Ans: @ +A @1!A 1L @16xb-a6x+-aA 6 1L @16xa-b6x+-bA 6 1L @16xb-+6xa-+A - ; @aA D @bA 1 @ + A xa-b-+ @'A None o& t%e above

Sol: 1L @16xbLxa6x+LxaA 6 1L@16xaLxb 6x+LxbA 6 1L@16xbLx+ 6xaLx+A -, xa L@xa 6xb6x+A 6 xbL@xa 6xb6x+A 6x+L@xa 6xb6x+A -,@xa 6xb6x+A L@xa 6xb6x+A -,1 Ans: @bA @1"A 5& x-"6! <=>! t%en t%e value o& @ <=>x <ST 1L <=>x A is Q <=>-rootR @aA 1 @bA ! @+ A !<=>! @ 'A "<=>" Sol: @<=>x-1L<=>xA! - x6 1Lx-! -, "6!<=>! 6 @1L"6!<=>! A-! -, "6!<=>! 6 "-!<=>! -! -, /-! - # @<=>x-1L<=>xA! - # -,@<=>x-1L<=>xA! - !! @<=>x-1L<=>xA - !. Ans : @bA @1#A @xbLx+Ab6+-a @aA xab+ @x+LxaA+6a-b @bA 1 @ +A @xaLxbAb6a-+ xab6b+6+a - ;

@'A xa6b6+

Sol: Qxb-+Rb6+-a

Qx+-aR+6a-b

Qxa-bRa6b-+

-,x@b-+A@b6+-aA x@+-aA@+6a-bA x@a-bA@a6b-+A -,x@b!-+!-ab-a+A x@+!-a!-b+-abA x@a!-b!-a+-b+A -,x@b!-+!-ab-a+6+!-a!-b+-ab6a!-b!-a+-b+A -, xD -,1 Ans: @bA @1.A 5& "x-( - !? an' "x6( - !#" t%en x is e1ual to @aA D @bA ! Sol: "x-( - !? @+ A # @'A /

-, "x-( - "" x-(- " "x6( - !#" -, "x6( - ". x6( - . 2rom above t)o e1uations x - # (-1 Ans: @+ A @1/A 5& ax - b( - +G an' b! - a+ t%en <S`(<S_ e1uals @aA xGLx6G @bA xGL!@x-GA @+ A xGL!@G-xA @'A !xGLx6G Sol: Bet us sa( ax - b( - +G - 7 ax -7 -, QaxR1Lx - 71Lx -, a - 71Lx Simillarl( b - 71L( + - 71LG b! - a+ Q71L(R!-71Lx71LG -,7!L( - 71Lx61LG -, !L( - 1Lx61L( -,(- !xGLx6G Ans: @'A @1?A ax - b b( - + @aA D @bA 1 +G - a t%en t%e value o& x(G is is @+ A 1Lab+ @'A ab+
G x

Sol: ax - b @+ A - b Q+G - aR ( xG ( @b A - b Qb - +R -,x(G -1 Ans: @bA @1$A 5& !x - #( -$G an' @1L!x 61L#( 61L/GA -!#L? t%en t%e value o& FGF is @aA ?L1/ @bA ? L "! @+ A ?L#$ @'A ?L/# Sol: !x - #(-$G !x - !!( - !"G x- !( - "G Multipl( above e1uation )it% <S` !<S_ !x - #(- /G @1L!x61L#(61L/GA - !#L? -,@1L/G61L/G61L/GA - !#L? -, " L /G - !#L? -, G- ?L#$ Ans: @ +A

*ER9ENTAKES

E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S:

EaA*BE *RJBBEMS:

1 . Express t%e &ollo)ing as a &ra+tion. aA ./^ SJBUT5JN: ./L1DD-1#L!. bA #^ SJBUT5JN: #L1DD-1L!. +A D./^ SJBUT5JN: D./L1DD-/L1DDD-"L.DD 'A D.D$^ SJBUT5JN: D.D$L1DD-$L1DDDD-1L1!.D !.Express t%e &ollo)ing as 'e+imals aA /^ SJBUT5JN: /^ - /L1DD-D.D/ bA D.D#^ SJBUT5JN: D.D#^ - D.D#L1DD-D.DDD# " . Express t%e &ollo)ing as rate per+ent. iA.!"L"/ SJBUT5JN: - @!"L"/C1DDA ^ - /" $L:^ iiA./ 3b SJBUT5JN: / 3b -!?L# @!?L# C1DDA ^ -/?. ^ #.Evaluate t%e &ollo)ing: !$^ o& #.D 6 #.^ o& !$D ; SJBUT5JN: -@!$L1DDA C#.D 6 @#.L1DDA C!$D - !$ C #. L . - !.! ..! is )%at per+ent o& .D; SJBUT5JN: 2ormula : @5S L J2 A C1DD ^ - !L.D C1DD - #^ /.3O is )%at per+ent o& 1L"; SJBUT5JN: -@ 3OA L @1L"A C1DD ^ - "L! C1DD ^ - 1.D ^ ?.M%at per+ent o& ! Metri+ tonnes is #D Nuintals; SJBUT5JN: 1 metri+ tonne -1D Nuintals So re1uire' per+entage - @#DL@!C1DAA C1DD ^ - !DD^ $.2in' t%e missing &igure . iA ; ^ o& !. - !.1!. SJBUT5JN : Bet x^ o& !. - !.1!.. t%en @xL1DDA C!. -!.1!. x - !.1!. C #

- $.. iiA :^ o& ; -/." SJBUT5JN: Bet : ^ o& x - /.". T%en :L1DD o& x- /." so x - /." C1DDL? - ?D. :.M%i+% is t%e greatest in 1/ !L" ^ !L1. D.1?; SJBUT5JN: 1/ !L" ^ - .DL" ^ -.DL" C 1L1DD -1L/ - D.1// ! L 1. -D.1"" So D.1? is greatest number in t%e given series. 1D.5& t%e sales tax be re'u+e' &rom " 3O ^ to " 1L" ^ t%en )%at 'i&&eren+e 'oes it ma7e to a person )%o pur+%ases an arti+le )it% mar7e' pri+e o& RS $#DD; SJBUT5JN: Re1uire' 'i&&eren+e - " 3O ^ o& $#DD <ST " 1L" ^ o& $#DD -@?L!-1DL"A^ o& $#DD -1L/ ^ o& $#DD - 1L/C 1L1DDC $#DD - Rs 1#. 11. A re[e+ts D.D$^ o& t%e meters as 'e&e+tive .0o) man( )ill %e examine to re[e+t !; SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e number o& meters to be examine' be x. T%en D.D$^ o& x-!. D.D$L1DDCx- ! x- ! C 1DDLD.D$ -! C 1DD C 1DDL$ - !.DD 1!./. ^ o& a number is !1 less t%an #L. o& t%at number. M%at is t%e number; SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e number be x. #L. x- @/.^ o& xA - !1 #L.x <ST /.L1DD x-!1 1.x-!1DD x-1#D , E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S:

1". Ei&&eren+e o& t)o numbers is 1//D.5& ?.. ^ o& one number is 1!..^ o& t%e ot%er number. 2in' t)o numbers; SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e t)o numbers be x an' (. ?..^ o& x-1!..^ o& ( So ?.x-1!. ( "x-.( x-.L"(. No) x-(-1//D .L"(-(-1//D !L"(-1//D (-!#:D So x- !#:D61//D -#1.D. So t%e numbers are #1.D 1//D. 1#. 5n expressing a lengt% $1.#?! PM as nearl( as possible )it% " signi&i+ant 'igits 2in' t%e ^ error; SJBUT5JN: Error- $1..-$1.#?!-D.D!$ So t%e re1uire' per+entage - D.D!$L$1.#?!C1DD^ - D.D"#^ 1.. 5n an ele+tion bet)een t)o persons ?.^ o& t%e voters +ast t%eir votes out o& )%i+% !^ are invali'. A got :!/1 )%i+% ?.^ o& t%e total vali' votes. 2in' total number o& votes; SJBUT5JN: Bet x be t%e total votes. vali' votes are :$^ o& ?.^ o& x. So ?.^@:$^@?.^ o& xAAA - :!/1

--, ?.L1DD C:$ L1DD C ?. 1DD Cx - :!/1 x- 1D!: C # C1DD C# L : - 1/$DD So total no o& votes - 1/$DD 1/ . AFs mat%s test %a' ?. problems i.e 1D arit%meti+ "D algebra an' ". geometr( problems. Alt%oug% %e ans)ere' ?D^ o& arit%meti+ #D^ o& algebra an' /D ^ o& geometr( problems +orre+tl( %e 'i'nFt pass t%e test be+ause %e got less t%an /D^ o& t%e problems rig%t. 0o) man( more 1uestions %e )oul' %ave nee'e' to ans)er +orre+tl( to get a /D^ passing gra'e. SJBUT5JN: ?D^ o& 1D -?DL1DD C 1D -? #D^ o& "D - #D L 1DD C "D - 1! /D ^ o& ". - /D L 1DD C". - !1 So +orre+tl( attempte' 1uestions - ? 6 1! 6 !1 -#D. Nuestions to be ans)ere' +orre+tl( &or /D^ gra'e -/D^ o& ?. - /DL1DD C?. -#.. So re1uire' 1uestions-#.-#D - . 1? . 5& .D^ o& @x <ST (A - "D^ o& @x 6 (A t%en )%at per+ent o& x is ( ; SJBUT5JN: .DL1DD@x-(A -"DL1DD@x6(A 3O @x-(A- "L1D@x6(A .x-.(-"x6"( x-#( So Re1uire' per+entage -(LxC1DD ^ -(L#( C1DD ^ - !.^. 1$ . 5& t%e pri+e o& tea is in+rease' b( !D^ &in' %o) mu+% per+ent must a %ouse%ol'er re'u+e %er +onsumption o& tea so as not to in+rease t%e expen'iture; SJBUT5JN: Re'u+tion in +onsumption- RL@1DD6RA C1DD^ -!DL1!D C1DD - 1/ !L" ^ 1:.T%e population o& a to)n is 1?/#DD . 5& it in+reases at t%e rate o& .^ per annum )%at )ill be t%e population ! (ears %en+e; M%at )as it ! (ears ago; SJBUT5JN: *opulation A&ter ! (ears - 1?/#DDQ16.L1DDR! -1?/#DD C !1L!D C!1L!D -1:##$1 *opulation ! (ears ago - 1?/#[email protected]! - 1?/#DD C !DL!1 C!DL !1 -1/DDDD !D.1 liter o& )ater is a'' to . liters o& a !D ^ solution o& al+o%ol in )ater . 2in' t%e strengt% o& al+o%ol in ne) solution; SJBUT5JN: Al+o%ol in . liters - !D^ o& . -1 liter Al+o%ol in / liters o& ne) mixture - 1liter So ^ o& al+o%ol is -1L/ C1DD-1/ !L"^ !1. 5& A earns "" 1L" more t%an B .T%en B earns less t%an A b( )%at per+ent; SJBUT5JN: "" 1L" -1DD L " Re1uire' *er+entage - @1DDL"AL@1DD 6 @1DDL"AA C1DD ^ - 1DDL#DD C1DD - !. ^

E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S: !!. A s+%ool %as onl( t%ree +lasses )%i+% +ontain #D .D /D stu'ents respe+tivel( . T%e pass per+ent o& t%ese +lasses are 1D !D an' 1D respe+tivel( . T%en &in' t%e pass per+ent in t%e s+%ool. SJBUT5JN: Number o& passe' +an'i'ates 1DL1DDC#D6!DL1DD C.D61DL1DD C /D -#61D6/ -!D Total stu'ents in s+%ool - #D6.D6/D -1.D So re1uire' per+entage - !DL1.D C1DD - #D L" -1" 1L" ^ !". T%ere are /DD bo(s in a %ostel . Ea+% pla(s eit%er %o+7e( or &ootball or bot% .5& ?.^ pla( %o+7e( an' #. ^ pla( &ootball 2in' %o) man( pla( bot%; SJBUT5JN: n@AA-?.L1DD C/DD -#.D n@BA - #.L1DD C/DD - !?D n@AcBA-n@AA 6 n@BA <ST n@AUBA -#.D 6 !?D -/DD -1!D So 1!D bo(s pla( bot% t%e games. !#.A bag +ontains /DD +oins o& !.p 'enomination an' 1!DD +oins o& .Dp 'enomination. 5& 1!^ o& !.p +oins an' !# ^ o& .Dp +oins are remove' 2in' t%e per+entage o& mone( remove' &rom t%e bag ; SJBUT5JN: Total mone( - @/DD C !.L1DD 61!DD C.DL1DDA -Rs ?.D !.p +oins remove' - 1!L1DD C/DD -?! .Dp +oins remove' - !#L1DD C1!DD -!$$ So mone( remove' -?! C1L# 6!$$ C1L! - Rs 1/! So re1uire' per+entage-1/!L?.D C1DD -!1 ./^ !.. * is six times as large as N.2in' t%e per+ent t%at N is less t%an *; SJBUT5JN: Kiven t%at *- /N So N is less t%an * b( .N. Re1uire' per+entage- .NL*C1DD ^ -.L/ C 1DD ^ -$" 1L"^ !/.2or a sp%ere o& ra'ius 1D +m t%e numeri+al value o& sur&a+e area is )%at per+ent o& t%e numeri+al value o& its volume; SJBUT5JN: Sur&a+e area - # C!!L? Cr! - "Lr@#L" C !!L? C r"A -"Lr C IJBUME M%ere r - 1D +m So )e %ave S- "L1D I -"L1D C1DD ^ o& I - "D ^ o& I So sur&a+e area is "D ^ o& Iolume. !?. A re'u+tion o& !1 ^ in t%e pri+e o& )%eat enables a person to bu( 1D .. 7g more &or Rs 1DD.M%at is t%e re'u+e' pri+e per 7g. SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e original pri+e - Rs xL7g Re'u+e' pri+e -?:L1DDx L7g --, 1DDL@?:xL1DDA-1DDLx -1D.. --, 1DDDDL?:x-1DDLx-1D.. --, 1DDDD-?:DD-1D.. C ?: x --, x- !1DDL1D.. C?:

So re1uire' pri+e - Rs @?:L1DD C!1DDL1D.. C?:A L7g - Rs ! per 7g. !$.T%e lengt% o& a re+tangle is in+rease' b( /D ^ .B( )%at per+ent )oul' t%e )i't% %ave to be 'e+rease' to maintain t%e same area; SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e lengt% -l Brea't%- b. Bet t%e re1uire' 'e+rease in brea't% be x ^ t%en 1/DL1DD l C@1DD-xAL1DD b-lb 1/D@1DD-xA-1DD C1DD or 1DD-x -1DDDDL1/D -1!.L! so x - 1DD-1!.L! -?.L! -"?.. *RJ25T ANE BJSS 5mportant 2a+ts: 9ost *ri+e:T%e pri+e at )%i+% an arti+le is pur+%ase' is +alle' its +ost pri+e abbreviate' as 9.*. Selling *ri+e:T%e pri+e at )%i+% an arti+le is sol' is +alle' its selling pri+e abbreviate' as S.*. *ro&it or Kain:5& S.*. 5s greater t%an 9.*. T%e seller is sai' to %ave a pro&it or gain. Boss:i& S.*. 5s less t%an 9.*. t%e seller is sai' to %ave in+urre' a loss. 2JRMUBAE 1.Kain-@S.*-9.*A !.Boss-@9.*-S.*A ".Boss or Kain is al)a(s re+7one' on 9.*. #.Kain^-@gainC1DDAL9.* ..Boss^-@lossC1DDAL9.* /.S.*-Q@1DD6gain^AL1DDRC9.* ?.S.*-Q@1DD-loss^AL1DDRC9.* $.9.*-@1DDCS.*AL@1DD6gain^A :.9.*-@1DDCS.*AL@1DD-loss^A 1D.5& an arti+le is sol' at a gain o& sa( ".^ t%en S.*-1".^ o& 9.*. 11.5& an arti+le is sol' at a loss o& sa( ".^ t%en S.*-/.^ o& 9.*. 1!.M%en a person sells t)o similar items one at a gain o& sa( x^ an' t%e ot%er at a loss o& x^ t%en t%e seller al)a(s in+urs a loss given b( Boss^-Q+ommon loss an' gain ^L1DR!-@xL1DA! 1".5& a tra'er pro&esses to sell %is goo's at +ost pri+e but uses &alse )eig%t t%en Kain^-Q@errorL@true value-errorAAC1DDR^ 1#.Net selling pri+e-Mar7e' pri+e-Eis+ount S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1.A man bu(s an arti+le &or Rs.!?..D an' sells it &or Rs.!$./D 2in' t%e gain per+ent. Sol: 9.*-Rs !?..D S.*-Rs !$./D t%en Kain-S.*-9.*-!$./D-!?..D-Rs 1.1D Kain^-@gainC1DDAL9.*^ [email protected]!?..D^-#^ !.5& a ra'io is pur+%ase' &or Rs #:D an' sol' &or Rs #/...D 2in' t%e loss^; Sol: 9.*-Rs #:D S.*-Rs #/...D Boss-9.*-S.*-#:D-#/...D-Rs !#..D Boss^-@lossC1DDAL9.*^ -@!#..DC1DDAL#:D^-.^ ".2in' S.* )%en 9.*-Rs ./.!. an' Kain-!D^ Sol: S.*-Q@1DD6gain^AL1DDRC9.* S.*-Q@1DD6!DAL1DDR./.!.-Rs /?..D #.2in' S.* )%en 9.*-Rs $D.#D loss-.^ Sol: S.*-Q@1DD-loss^AL1DDRC9.* S.*[email protected]$D.#D-Rs /$."#

..2in' 9.* )%en S.*-Rs #D./D gain-1/^; Sol: 9.*-@1DDCS.*AL@1DD6gain^A 9.*-@1DDC#D./DAL@1DD61/A-Rs ". /.2in' 9.* )%en S.*-Rs .1.?D loss-1!^; Sol: 9.*-@1DDCS.*AL@1DD-loss^A 9.*[email protected].?DAL@1DD-1!A-Rs .$.?. ?.A person in+urs .^ loss b( selling a )at+% &or Rs 11#D . At )%at pri+e s%oul' t%e )at+% be sol' to earn .^ pro&it; Sol: Bet t%e ne) S.* be Rs x t%en @1DD-loss^A:@1st S.*A-@1DD6gain^A:@!n' S.*A @1DD-.AL11#[email protected] [email protected]#DAL:.-Rs 1!/D $.5& t%e +ost pri+e is :/^ o& t%e selling pri+e t%en )%at is t%e pro&it per+ent; Sol: let S.*-Rs 1DD t%en 9.*-Rs :/ pro&it-S.*-9.*-1DD-:/-Rs # pro&it^-@pro&itC9.*AL1DD^ -@#C:/AL1DD-#.1?^ :.A 'is+ount 'ealer pro&esses to sell %is goo's at +ost pri+e but uses a )eig%t o& :/D gms &or a Pg )eig%t .2in' %is gain ^; Sol: Kain^-Q@errorC1DDAL@true value-errorAR^ -Q@#DC1DDAL1DDD-#DAR^-!.L/^ 1D.A man sol' t)o &lats &or Rs /?. :.$ ea+% .Jn one %e gains 1/^ )%ile on t%e ot%er %e losses 1/^.0o) mu+% 'oes %e gain or lose in t%e )%ole transa+tion; Sol: loss^-Q+ommon loss or gain^L1DR!-@1/L1DA!-!../^ 11.A man sol' t)o +o)s at Rs 1::. ea+%. Jn one %e lost 1D^ an' on t%e ot%er %e gaine' 1D^.)%at %is gain or loss per+ent; Sol: 5& loss^ an' gain^ is e1ual to 1D t%en t%ere is no loss or no gain. 1!.T%e pri+e o& an arti+le is re'u+e' b( !.^ in or'er to restore t%e must be in+rease' b( ; Sol: QxL@1DD-xARC1DD -Q!.L@1DD-!.ARC1DD -@!.L?.AC1DD-1DDL"^ 1".T)o 'is+ounts o& #D^ an' !D^ e1ual to a single 'is+ount o&; Sol: VQ@1DD-#DAL1DDRCQ@1DD-!DAL1DDRW^-@/DC$DAL@1DDC1DDA^ -#$^ single 'is+ount is e1ual to @1DD-#$A^-.!^ E52259UBT *RJBBEMS 1.T%e o& an arti+le in+lu'ing t%e sales tax is Rs /1/.T%e rate o& sales tax is 1D^ i& t%e s%op7eeper %as ma'e a pro&it o& 1!^ t%en t%e +ost pri+e o& t%e arti+le is; Sol: 11D^ o& S.*-/1/ S.*-@/1/C1DDAL11D-Rs ./D 9.*-@1DDCS.*AL@1DD6gain^A 9.*. -@1DDC./DAL@1DD61!A-Rs .DD !.Sam pur+%ase' !D 'oGens o& to(s at t%e rate o& "?. Rs per 'oGen .0e sol' ea+% one o& t%en at t%e rate o& Rs "".M%at )as %is per+entage pro&it; Sol: 9.* o& one to(-Rs "?.L1!-Rs "1.!. S.* o& one to(-Rs "" pro&it-S.*-9.*-""-"1.!.-Rs 1.?. pro&it ^-@pro&itL9.*AC1DD -@1.?.L"1.!.AC1DD pro&it^ -../^ ".T)o t%ir' o& +onsignment )as sol' at a pro&it o& .^ an' t%e remain'er at a loss o& !^.5& t%e total )as Rs #DD t%e value o& t%e +onsignment )as; Sol: let t%e total value be Rs x value o& !L"-!xL" value o& 1L"-xL" total S.* value be Rs x total S.*-Q@1D.^ o& !xL"A6@:$^ o& xL"AR [email protected]!xAL@1DDC"A6@:$L1DDA6xL" -"D$xL"DD @"D$xL"DDA-x-#DD $xL"DD-#DD

x-@"DDC#DDAL$-Rs 1.DDD #.Punal boug%t a suit+ase )it% 1.^ 'is+ount on t%e labelle' pri+e. 0e sol' t%e suit+ase &or Rs !$$D )it% !D^ pro&it on t%e labelle' pri+e .At )%at pri+e 'i' %e bu( t%e suit+ase; Sol: let t%e labelle' pri+e be Rs x t%en 1!D^ o& x-!$$D x-@!$$DC1DDAL1!D-Rs !#DD 9.*-$.^ o& t%e !#DD @$.C!#DDAL1DD-Rs !D#D ..A tra'esman gives #^ 'is+ount on t%e mar7e' pri+e an' gives arti+le &ree &or bu(ing ever( 1. arti+les an' t%us gains ".^.T%e mar7e' pri+e is above t%e +ost pri+e b( Sol: let t%e 9.* o& ea+% arti+le be Rs 1DD t%en 9.* o& 1/ arti+les-Rs @1DDC1/A-Rs 1/DD S.* o& 1. arti+les -1/DDC@1".L1DDA-Rs !1/D S.* o& ea+% arti+le -!1/DL1.-Rs 1## 5& S.* is Rs :/ mar7e' pri+e -Rs 1DD 5& S.* is Rs 1## mar7e' pri+e -@1DDL:/AC1##-Rs 1.DDD t%ere&ore mar7e' pri+e-.D^ above 9.* /.B( selling ""m o& +lot% one gains t%e selling pri+e o& 11m.2in' t%e gain per+ent; Sol: gain-S.* o& ""m-9.* o& ""m -11m o& S.* S.* o& !!m-9.* o& ""m let 9.* o& ea+% meter be Rs 1 t%en 9.* o& !!m-Rs !! S.* o& !!m-Rs "" gain-S.*-9.*-""-!!-Rs 11 gain^-@gainL9.*AC1DD -@11L!!AC1DD-.D^ ?.T%e pri+e o& a [e)el passing t%roug% t%ree %an's rises on t%e )%ole b( /.^.i& t%e &irst an' se+on' sellers earne' !D^ an' !.^ pro&it respe+tivel( &in' t%e per+entage pro&it earne' b( t%e t%ir' seller; Sol: let t%e original pri+e o& t%e [e)el be Rs * an' let t%e pro&it earne' b( t%e t%ir' seller be x^ t%en @1DD6xA^ o& 1!.^ o& *-1/.^ o& * Q@1DD6xAL1DDRC@1!.L1DDAC@1!DL1DDAC*-@1/.L1DDAC* 1DD6x-@1/.C1DDC1DDAL@1!.C1!DA 1DD6x-11D x-1D^ $.M%en a pro'u+er allo)s "/^ +ommission on t%e retail pri+e o& %is pro'u+t %e earns a pro&it o& $.$^.)%at )oul' be %is pro&it per+ent i& t%e +ommission is re'u+e' b( !#^ Sol: let retail pri+e -Rs 1DD +ommission-Rs "/ S.*-retail pri+e-+ommission-1DD-"/-Rs /# But pro&it-$.$^ 9.*-@1DDC9.*AL@gain61DDA-@1DDC/#AL@1DD6$.$A-Rs 1DDDL1? ne) +ommission-Rs 1! ne) S.*-1DD-1!-Rs $$ gain-$$-@1DDDL1?A-Rs #:/L1? gain^-gainC1DDL9.* -@#:/C1?C1DDA@1?C1DDDA gain^-#:./^ :.Ii7as boug%t paper s%eets &or Rs ?!DD an' spent Rs !DD on transport. *a(ing Rs /DD %e %a' ""D boxes ma'e )%i+% %e sol' at Rs !$ ea+%. 0is pro&it per+entage is Sol: total investments-?!DD6!DD6/DD-Rs $DDD total re+eipt-""DC!$-Rs :!#D gain-S.*-9.* -total re+eipt-total investments gain-:!#D-$DDD-Rs 1!#D gain^ -gainC1DDL9.*-1!#DC1DDL$DDD-1...^ 1D.A person earns 1.^ on investment but loses 1D^ on anot%er investment .5& t%e ratio o& t%e t)o investments be ":. )%at is t%e gain or loss on t%e t)o investments ta7en toget%er; Sol: let t%e investments be "x an' .x t%en total investment-$x total re+eipt-11.^ o& "x6:D^ o& .x -11.C"xL1DD6:DC.xL1DD-?.:.x loss-9.*-S.*-$x-?.:.x-D.D.x loss^-.D.xC1DDL$x-D./!.^

11.T%e pro&it earne' b( selling an arti+le &or Rs :DD is 'ouble t%e loss in+urre' )%en t%e same arti+le is sol' &or Rs #:D .At )%at pri+e s%oul' t%e arti+le be sol' to ma7e !.^ pro&it; Sol: let 9.* be Rs x :DD-x-!@x-#.DA "x-1$DD x-Rs /DD 9.*-Rs /DD gain re1uire'-!.^ S.*-@1DD6gain^AC9.*L1DD S.*-@1DD6!.AC/DDL1DD-Rs ?.D 1!.5& an arti+le is sol' at .^ gain instea' o& .^ loss t%e seller gets Rs /.?! more. T%e 9.* o& t%e arti+le is; Sol: let 9.* be Rs x 1D.^ o& x-:.^ o& x-/.?! @1D.L1DDACx-@:.L1DDACx-/.?! xL1D-/.?! x-Rs /?.!1. RAT5J ANE *RJ*JRT5JN 5mportant 2a+ts: 1.Ratio : T%e ratio o& t)o 1ualities a an' b in t%e same units is t%e &ra+tion aLb an' )e )rite it as a:b. 5n t%e ratio a:b )e +all <S`a<S_ as t%e &irst term o& ante+e'ent an' b t%e se+on' term +onse1uent. Ex: T%e ratio .:: represents .L: )it% ante+e'ent-. +onse1uent-: "Rule: T%e multipli+ation or 'ivision o& ea+% term o& : ratio b( t%e same non-Gero number 'oes not a&&e+t t%e ratio. #.*roportion: T%e e1ualit( o& t)o ratios is +alle' proportion. 5& a:b-+:' )e )rite a:b::+:' an' )e sa( t%at a b + an' ' are in proportion. 0ere a an' b are +alle' extremes )%ile b an' + are +alle' mean terms. *ro'u+t o& means-pro'u+t o& extremes T%us a:b::+:' -, @bC+A-@aC'A ..2ourt% proportional: 5& a:b::+:' t%en ' is +alle' t%e &ourt% proportional to a b an' +. /.T%ir' proportional: 5& a:b::b:+ t%en + is +alle' t%ir' proportional to a an' b. ?.Mean proportional: Mean proportional bet)een a an' b is SNRT@aCbA. 9JM*AR5S5JN J2 RAT5JS: Me sa( t%at @a:bA,@+:'A -, @aLbA,@+L'A $.9ompoun'e' ratio: T%e +ompoun'e' ratio o& t%e ratios @a:bA @+:'A @e:&A is @a+e:b'&A. :.Eupli+ate Ratio: 5& @a:bA is @a!: b! A 1D.Sub-'upli+ate ratio o& @a:bA is @SNRT@aA:SNRT@bAA 11.Tripli+ate ratio o& @a:bA is @a": b" A 1!.Sub-tripli+ate ratio o& @a:bA is @a1L": b1L" A. 1".5& aLb-+L' t%en @a6bAL@a-bA-@+6'AL@+-'A @+omponen' o an' 'ivi'en' oA IAR5AT5JN: 1#.)e sa( t%at x is 'ire+tl( proportional to ( i& x-7( &or some +onstant 7 an' )e )rite. 1..Me sa( t%at x is inversel( proportional to ( i& x(-7 &or some +onstant an' )e )rite. 1/. a is inversel( proportional to (. 5& aLb-+L'-eL&-gL%-7 t%en 7-@a6+6e6gAL@b6'6&6%A 5& a1Lb1 a!Lb! a"Lb"..............anLbn are une1ual S5M*BE *RJBBEMS Sol: 1.5& a:b -.:: an' b:+-#:? 2in' a:b:+; a:b-.:: an' b:+-#:?-#C:L#::C#L:-::/"L: a:b:+-.:::/"L:-!D:"/:/" !.2in' t%e &ourt% proportion to # : 1!

&ra+tions t%en t%e ratio.

Sol:

' is t%e &ourt% proportion to a b + a:b-+:' #::-1!:x #x-:C1!-,x-!?

Sol:

".2in' t%ir' proportion to 1/ "/ i& a:b-b:+ t%en + is t%e t%ir' proportion to a b 1/:"/-"/:x 1/x-"/C"/ x-$1

Sol:

#.2in' mean proportion bet)een D.D$ an' D.1$ mean proportion bet)een a an' b-s1uare root o& ab mean proportion -s1uare root o& D.D$CD.1$-D.1! ..5& a:b-!:" b:+-#:. +:'-/:? t%en a:b:+:' is Sol: a:b-!:" an' b:+-#:.-#C"L#:.C"L#-":1.L# +:'-/:?-/C1.L!#:?C1.L!#-1.L#:".L$ a:b:+:'-!:":1.L#:".L$-1/:!#:"D:". /.!A-"B-#9 t%en A:B:9; Sol: let !A-"B-#9-7 t%en A-7L! B-7L" 9-7L# A:B:9-7L!:7L":7L#-/:#:" ?.1.^ o& x-!D^ o& ( t%en x:( is Sol: @1.L1DDACx-@!DL1DDAC( "x-#( x:(-#:" $.aL"-bL#-+L? t%en @a6b6+AL+Sol: let aL"-bL#-+L?-7 @a6b6+AL+-@"76#76?7AL?7-!

:.Rs "/.D is 'ivi'e' among # engineers " MBA<S_s an' . 9A<S_s su+% t%at " 9A<S_s get as mu+% as ! MBA<S_s an' " Eng<S_s as mu+% as ! 9A<S_s .2in' t%e s%are o& an MBA. Sol: #E6"M6.9-"/.D "9-!M t%at is M-1..9 "E-!9 t%at is E-.// 9 T%en @#CD.//9A6@"C1..9A6.9-"/.D 9-"/.DL1!.1// 9-"DD M-1.. an' 9-#.D. E52259UBT *RJBBEMS 1.T%ree +ontainers A B an' 9 are %aving mixtures o& mil7 an' )ater in t%e ratio o& 1:. an' ":. an' .:? respe+tivel(. 5& t%e +apa+ities o& t%e +ontainers are in t%e ratio o& all t%e t%ree +ontainers are in t%e ratio .:#:. &in' t%e ratio o& mil7 to )ater i& t%e mixtures o& all t%e t%ree +ontainers are mixe' toget%er. Sol: Assume t%at t%ere are .DD #DD an' .DD liters respe+tivel( in t%e " +ontainers. T%en )e %ave $"."" 1.D an' !D$."" liters o& mil7 in ea+% o& t%e t%ree +ontainers. T%us t%e total mil7 is ##1.// liters. 0en+e t%e amount o& )ater in t%e mixture is 1#DD-##1.//-:.$.""liters. 0en+e t%e ratio o& mil7 to )ater is ##1.//::.$."" -, .":11.@using 'ivision b( .""""A T%e +al+ulation t%oug%t pro+ess s%oul' be @##1C!6!A:@:.$C"61A-1"!.:!$?. Eivi'ing b( !. -, .":11.. !.A +ertain number o& one rupee &i&t( parse an' t)ent( &ive paise +oins are in t%e ratio o& !:.:":# a'' up to Rs !1D. 0o) man( .D paise +oins )ere t%ere; Sol: t%e ratio o& !..:":# +an be )ritten as .:/:$ let us assume t%at t%ere are . one rupee +oins / &i&t( paise +oins an' $ t)ent(-&ive paise +oins in all. t%eir [email protected]@/C..DA6@$C.!.A-.6"6!-Rs 1D 5& t%e total is Rs 1D number o& .D paise +oins are /. i& t%e total is Rs !1D number o& .D paise +oins )oul' be !1DC/L1D-1!/. ".T%e in+omes o& A an' B are in t%e ratio o& #:" an' t%eir expen'iture are in t%e ratio o& !:1 . i& ea+% one saves Rs 1DDD )%at are t%eir in+omes; Sol: Ratio o& in+omes o& A an' B-#:" Ratio o& expen'itures o& A an' B-!:1 Amount o& mone( save' b( A-Amount o& mone( save' b( B-Rs 1DDD let t%e in+omes o& A an' B be #x an' "x respe+tivel(

let t%e expense o& A an' B be !( an' 1(respe+tivel( Amount o& mone( save' b( A-@in+ome-expen'itureA-#x-!(-Rs 1DDD Amount o& mone( save' b( B-"x-(-Rs 1DDD t%is +an be even )ritten as /x-!(-Rs !DDD no) solve 1 an' " to get x-Rs .DD t%ere&ore in+ome o& A-#x-#C.DD-Rs !DDD in+ome o& B-"x-"C.DD-Rs 1.DD #.A sum o& Rs 11/! is 'ivi'e' among A B an' 9. Su+% t%at # times AFs s%are s%are is e1ual to . times BFs s%are an' ? times 9Fs s%are . M%at is t%e s%are o& 9; Sol: # times o& AFs s%are -. times o& BFs s%are-? times o& 9Fs s%are-1 t%ere&ore t%e ratio o& t%eir s%are -1L#:1L.:1L? B9M o& # . ?-1#D t%ere&ore 3Z:1L.:1L?-".:!$:!D t%e ratio no) +an be )ritten as ".:!$:!D t%ere&ore 9Fs s%are-@!DL$"AC11/!-!DC1#-Rs !$D. ..T%e ratio o& t%e present ages o& sarit%a an' %er mot%er is !:: mot%erFs age at t%e time o& sarit%aFs birt% )as !$ (ears )%at is sarit%aFs present age; Sol: ratio o& ages o& sarit%a an' %er mot%er -!:: let t%e present age o& sarit%a be !x (ears. t%en t%e mot%erFs present age )oul' be :x (ears Ei&&eren+e in t%eir ages -!$ (ears :x-!x-!$ (ears ?x-!$-,x-# t%ere&ore sarit%aFs age -!C#-$ (ears *ARTNERS05* 5mportant 2a+ts: *artners%ip:M%en t)o or more t%an t)o persons run a business [ointl( t%e( are +alle' partners an' t%e 'eal is 7no)n as partners%ip. Ratio o& Eivision o& Kains: 1.M%en t%e investments o& all t%e partners are 'o t%e same time t%e gain or loss is 'istribute' among t%e partners in t%e ratio o& t%eir investments. Suppose A an' B invest Rs x an' Rs ( respe+tivel( &or a (ear in a business t%en at t%e en' o& t%e (ear: @AFs s%are o& pro&itA:@BFs s%are o& pro&itA-x:( !.M%en investments are &or 'i&&erent time perio's t%en e1uivalent +apitals are +al+ulate' &or a unit o& time b( ta7ing @+apitalCnumber o& units o& timeA. No) gain or loss is 'ivi'e' in t%e ratio o& t%ese +apitals. Suppose A invests Rs x &or p mont%s an' B invests Rs ( &or 1 mont%s t%en @AFs s%are o& pro&itA:@BFs s%are o& pro&itA-xp:(1 ".Mor7ing an' sleeping partners:A partner )%o manages t%e business is 7no)n as )or7ing partner an' t%e one )%o simpl( invests t%e mone( is a sleeping partner. 2JRMUBAE 1.M%en investments o& A an' B are Rs x an' Rs ( &or a (ear in a business t%en at t%e en' o& t%e (ear @AFs s%are o& pro&itA:@BFs s%are o& pro&itA-x:( !.M%en A invests Rs x &or p mont%s an' B invests Rs ( &or 1 mont%s t%en AFs s%are pro&it:BFs s%are o& pro&it-xp:(1 S%ort +uts: 1.5n +ase o& " A B 9 investments t%en in'ivi'ual s%are is to be &oun' t%en A-1/DDD B-"! DDD 9-#D DDD Sol: A:B:9-1/:"!:#D -!:#:.d t%en in'ivi'ual s%are +an be easil( 7no)n. !.5& business mans A +ontributes &or . mont%s an' B +ontributes &or : mont%s t%en s%are o& B in t%e total pro&it o& Rs !/ $DDD A - Rs 1.DDD B -Rs 1!DDD Sol: 1.DDDC. : 1!DDDC: !. : "/ &or "/ parts-!/$DDDC@"/L/1A -Rs 1.$.1/

Ei&&i+ult problems: 1.* an' N starte' a business investing Rs $. DDD an' Rs 1. DDD respe+tivel(. 5n )%at ratio t%e pro&it earne' a&ter ! (ears be 'ivi'e' bet)een * an' N respe+tivel(; Sol: $. DDDC! : 1. DDDC! 1?C! : "C!-"#:/ !.A B an' 9 starte' a business b( investing Rs 1 !D DDD Rs 1 ". DDD an' Rs 1 .D DDD.2in' t%e s%are o& ea+% out o& an annual pro&it o& Rs ./ ?DD; Sol: Ratio o& s%ares o& A B an' 9-Ratio o& t%eir investments 1!D DDD:1". DDD:1.D DDD -$:::1D AFs s%are-Rs ./ ?DDC@$L!?A-Rs 1/ $DD BFs s%are -Rs ./ ?DDC@:L!?A-Rs 1$ :DD 9Fs s%are -Rs ./ ?DDC@1DL!?A-Rs !1 DDD "." mil7man A B 9 rente' a pasture A graGe' %is #. +o)s &or 1! 'a(s B graGe' %is "/ +o)s &or 1. 'a(s an' + /D +o)s &or 1D 'a(s.5& bFs s%are o& rent )as Rs .#D M%at is t%e total rent; Sol: #.C1!:"/C1.:/DC1D -::::1D : parts is e1ual to Rs .#D t%en one part is e1ual to Rs /D total rent-/DC!$-Rs 1/$D #.Ramu an' Pris%na entere' into a partners%ip )it% Rs .D DDD an' Rs /D DDD a&ter # mont%s Ramu investe' Rs !. DDD more )%ile Pris%na )it%'ra) Rs !D DDD . 2in' t%e s%are o& Ramu in t%e annual pro&it o& Rs !$: DDD. Sol: Ramu : Pris%na-.D DDDC#6?. DDDC$:/D DDDC#6#D DDDC$ -1D:? RamuFs annual pro&it-!$:DDDC@1DL1?A-Rs 1?D DDD ..A B 9 enter into partners%ip .A invests " times as mu+% as B invests an' B invests t)o t%ir' o& )%at 9 invests. At t%e en' o& t%e (ear t%e pro&it earne' is Rs //DD. )%at is t%e s%are o& B; Sol: let 9Fs +apital -Rs x BFs +apital-Rs @!L"ACx AFs +apital -"C@!L"ACx-Rs !x ratio o& t%eir +apitals-!x:@!L"ACx:x -/x:!xY"x BFs s%are -Rs //DD@!L11A-Rs 1!DD /.A B an' 9 enter into a partners%ip b( investing in t%e ratio o& ":!:#. A&ter one (ear B invests anot%er Rs ! ?D DDD an' 9 at t%e en' o& ! (ears also invests Rs ! ?D DDD.At t%e en' o& " (ears pro&it are s%are' in t%e ratio o& ":#:..2in' t%e initial investment o& ea+%; Sol: 5nitial investments o& A B + be Rs "x Rs !x Rs #x t%en &or " (ears @"xC"/A:Q@!xC1!A6@!x6!?DDDDAC!#R:Q@#xC!#A6@#x6!?DDDDAC1!R-":#:. 1D$x:@?!x6/#D DDDA:@1##x6"!#DDDDA-":#:. 1D$x:?!x6/#$DDDD:1##x6"!#DDDD-":#:. @1D$xAL@?!x6/#$DDDDA-"L# #"!x-!1/x61:##DDDD !1/x-1:##DDDD x-Rs :DDDD AFs initial investment-"x-"C:D DDD-Rs ! ?D DDD BFs initial investment-!x-!C:D DDD-Rs 1 $D DDD 9Fs initial investment-#x-#C:D DDD-Rs " /D DDD 90A5N RUBE

1.E5RE9T *RJ*JRT5JN: T)o Nuantities are sai' to be 'ire+tl( proportional i& on t%e in+rease @or 'e+reaseA o& t% one t%e ot%er in+reases@or 'e+reasesA to t%e same extent. Ex:@iA 9ost is 'ire+tl( proportional to t%e number o& arti+les.@More arti+les More +ostA. @iiAMor7 'one is 'ire+tl( proportional to t%e number o& men )or7ing on it. @More men more )or7A. !.5NE5RE9T *RJ*JRT5JN: T)o Nuantities are sai' to be in'ire+tl( proportional i& on t%e in+rease o& t%e one t%e ot%er 'e+reases to t%e same extent an' vi+e-versa. Ex:@iA T%e time ta7en b( a +ar +overing a +ertain 'istan+e is inversel( proportional to t% spee' o& t%e +ar.@More spee' less is t%e time ta7en to +over t%e 'istan+eA. @iiATime ta7en to &inis% a )or7 is inversel( proportional to t%e number o& persons )or7ing at it. @More persons less is t%e time ta7en to &inis% a [obA. NJTE: 5n solving Nuestions b( +%ain rule )e +ompare ever( item )it% t%e term to be &oun' out. S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1A5& 1. to(s +ost Rs.!"# )%at 'o ". to(s +ost ; Sol: Bet t%e re1uire' +ost be Rs. x t%en more to(s more +ost@'ire+t proportionA 1.:".:: !"#:x @1.CxA-@!"#C".A x-@!"#C".A [email protected] .#/ Rs

!A5& "/ men +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in !.%ours in %o) man( %ours )ill 1.men 'o it; Sol: Bet t%e re1uire' number o& %ours be x. less men more %ours@5n'ire+t proportionA. 1.:"/::!.:x @1.CxA-@"/C!.A x-@"/C!.A L1. x-/D 2or 1. men it ta7es /D %ours.

"A5& : engines +onsume !#metri+ tonnes o& +oal )%en ea+% is )or7ing $ %ours a 'a( %o) mu+% +oal )ill be re1uire' &or $ engines ea+% running 1" %ours a 'a( it being given t%at " engines o& &ormer t(pe +onsume as mu+% as # engines o& latter t(pe; Sol: Bet " engines o& &ormer t(pe +onsume 1 unit in 1 %our. # engines o& latter t(pe +onsume 1 unit in 1 %our. 1 engine o& &ormer t(pe +onsumes 1L" unit in 1 %our. 1 engine o& latter t(pe +onsumes 3Z unit in 1 %our. Bet re1uire' +onsumption o& +oal be x units. Bess engines less +oal +onsume'.@'ire+tA More )or7ing %ours more +oal +onsume'@'ire+tA Bess rate o& +onsumption less +oal +onsume' @'ire+tA ::$ $:1" 1L":1L# :: !#:x

@:C$C@1L"ACxA-@$C1"C@1L#AC!#A !#x-/!# x-!/ metri+ tonnes. 9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS

1AA +ontra+t is to be +omplete' in #/ 'a(s an' 11? men )ere set to )or7 ea+% )or7ing $ %ours a 'a(. A&ter "" 'a(s #L? o& t%e )or7 is +omplete'. 0o) man( a''itional men ma( be emplo(e' so t%at t%e )or7 ma( be +omplete' in time ea+% man no) )or7ing : %ours a 'a(; Sol: #L? o& )or7 is +omplete' . Remaining )or7-1- #L? -"L? Remaining perio'- #/-"" -1" 'a(s Bess )or7 less men@'ire+t proportionA less 'a(s more men@5n'ire+t proportionA More %oursL'a( less men@5n'ire+t proportionA )or7 #L?:"L? Ea(s 1":"" %rsL'a( ::$ :: 11?:x

@#L?AC1"C:Cx-@"L?AC""C$C11? x-@"C""C$C11?A L @#C1"C:A x-1:$ men So a''itional men to be emplo(e'-1:$ -11?-$1 !AA garrison %a' provisions &or a +ertain number o& 'a(s. A&ter 1D 'a(s 1L. o& t%e men 'esert an' it is &oun' t%at t%e provisions )ill no) last [ust as long as be&ore. 0o) long )as t%at; Sol: Bet initiall( t%ere be x men %aving &oo' &or ( 'a(s. A&ter 1D 'a(s x men %a' &oo' &or @ (-1DA'a(s Also @x -xL.A men %a' &oo' &or ( 'a(s. x@(-1DA-@#xL.AC( -, @xC(A -.Dx-@#@xC(AL.A .@xC(A-#@xC(A-.Dx xC(-.Dx (-.D

"AA +ontra+tor un'ertoo7 to 'o a +ertain pie+e o& )or7 in #D 'a(s. 0e engages 1DD men at t%e beginning an' 1DD more a&ter ". 'a(s an' +ompletes t%e )or7 in stipulate' time. 5& %e %a' not engage' t%e a''itional men %o) man( 'a(s be%in' s+%e'ule )oul' it be &inis%e'; Sol: #D 'a(s- ". 'a(s-. 'a(s -,@1DDC".A6@!DDC.A men +an &inis% t%e )or7 in 1 'a(. #.DD men +an &inis% it in #.DDL1DD- #. 'a(s T%is s . 'a(s be%in' t%e s+%e'ule.

#A1! men an' 1$ bo(s )or7ing ? 3O %ors a 'a( +an 'o a pie+e i& )or7 in /D 'a(s. 5& a man )or7s e1ual to ! bo(s t%en %o) man( bo(s )ill be re1uire' to %elp !1 men to 'o t)i+e t%e )or7 in .D 'a(s )or7ing : %ours a 'a(; Sol: 1man -! bo(s 1!men61$bo(s-,@1!C!61$Abo(s-#! bo(s let t%e re1uire' number o& bo(s-x !1 men6x bo(s -,@@!1C!A6xA bo(s -,@#!6xA bo(s less 'a(s more bo(s@5n'ire+t proportionA more %ours per 'a( less bo(s@5n'ire+t proportionA 'a(s .D:/D %rsL'a( ::1.L! :: #!:@#!6xA )or7 1:! @.DC:C1C@#!6xAA-/[email protected]!AC!C#! @#!6xA- @/DC1.C#[email protected]:A- $# x-$#-#!- #! -#! #! 'a(s be%in' t%e s+%e'ule it )ill be &inis%e'. T5ME ANE MJRP 1.5& A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in n 'a(s t%en AFs 1 'a( )or7-1Ln

!.5& AFs 1 'a(Fs )or7-1Ln t%en A +an &inis% t%e )or7 in n 'a(s. Ex: 5& A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in # 'a(s t%en AFs 1 'a(Fs )or7-1L#. 5& AFs 1 'a(<S_s )or7-1L. t%en A +an &inis% t%e )or7 in . 'a(s ".5& A is t%ri+e as goo' )or7man as B t%en: Ratio o& )or7 'one b( A an' B -":1 Ratio o& time ta7en b( A an' B to &inis% a )or7-1:" #.EE25NAT5JN J2 IAR5AT5JN: T%e +%ange in t)o 'i&&erent variables &ollo) some 'e&inite rule. 5t sai' t%at t%e t)o variables var( 'ire+tl( or inversel(. 5ts notation is aLY-7 )%ere 7 is +alle' +onstant. T%is variation is +alle' 'ire+t variation. aY-7. T%is variation is +alle' inverse variation. ..SJME *A5RS J2 IAR5ABBES: iANumber o& )or7ers an' t%eir )ages. 5& t%e number o& )or7ers in+reases t%eir total )ages in+rease. 5& t%e number o& 'a(s re'u+e' t%ere )ill be less )or7. 5& t%e number o& 'a(s is in+rease' t%ere )ill be more )or7. T%ere&ore %ere )e %ave 'ire+t proportion or 'ire+t variation. iiANumber )or7ers an' 'a(s re1uire' to 'o a +ertain )or7 is an example o& inverse variation. 5& more men are emplo(e' t%e( )ill re1uire &e)er 'a(s an' i& t%ere are less number o& )or7ers more 'a(s are re1uire'. iiiAT%ere is an inverse proportion bet)een t%e 'ail( %ours o& a )or7 an' t%e 'a(s re1uire'. 5& t%e number o& %ours is in+rease' less number o& 'a(s are re1uire' an' i& t%e number o& %ours is re'u+e' more 'a(s are re1uire'. /.SJME 5M*JRTANT T5*S: More Men -Bess Ea(s an' 9onversel( More Ea(-Bess Men. More Men -More Mor7 an' 9onversel( More Mor7-More Men. More Ea(s-More Mor7 an' 9onversel( More Mor7-More Ea(s. Number o& 'a(s re1uire' to +omplete t%e given )or7-Total )or7LJne 'a(<S_s )or7. Sin+e t%e total )or7 is assume' to be one@unitA t%e number o& 'a(s re1uire' to +omplete t%e given )or7 )oul' be t%e re+ipro+al o& one 'a(<S_s )or7. Sometimes t%e problems on time an' )or7 +an be solve' using t%e proportional rule @@manC'a(sC%oursAL)or7A in anot%er situation. ?.5& men is &ixe' )or7 is proportional to time. 5& )or7 is &ixe' t%en time is inversel( proportional to men t%ere&ore @M1CT1LM1A-@M!CT!LM!A S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1A5& : men )or7ing / %ours a 'a( +an 'o a )or7 in $$ 'a(s. T%en / men )or7ing $ %ours a 'a( +an 'o it in %o) man( 'a(s; 2rom t%e above &ormula i.e @m1Ct1L)1A-@m!Ct!L)!A so @:C/C$$L1A-@/C$C'L1A on solving '-:: 'a(s. !A5& "# men +omplete' !L.t% o& a )or7 in $ 'a(s )or7ing : %ours a 'a(.0o) man( more man s%oul' be engage' to &inis% t%e rest o& t%e )or7 in / 'a(s )or7ing : %ours a 'a(; Sol: 2rom t%e above &ormula i.e @m1Ct1L)1A-@m!Ct!L)!A so @"#C$C:L@!L.AA-@xC/C:L@"L.AA so x-1"/ men number o& men to be a''e' to &inis% t%e )or7-1"/-"#-1D! men "A5& . )omen or $ girls +an 'o a )or7 in $# 'a(s. 5n %o) man( 'a(s +an 1D )omen an' . girls +an 'o t%e same )or7; Sol: Kiven t%at . )omen is e1ual to $ girls to +omplete a )or7 so 1D )omen-1/ girls. T%ere&ore 1D)omen 6.girls-1/girls6.girls-!1girls. $ girls +an 'o a )or7 in $# 'a(s t%en !1 girls ---------------; ans)er- @$C$#L!1A-"!'a(s. T%ere&ore 1D )omen an' . girls +an a )or7 in "!'a(s Sol:

#AMor7er A ta7es $ %ours to 'o a [ob. Mor7er B ta7es 1D%ours to 'o t%e same [ob. 0o) long it ta7e bot% A \ B )or7ing toget%er but in'epen'entl( to 'o t%e same [ob;

AFs one %our )or7-1L$. BFs one %our )or7-1L1D @A6BAFs one %our )or7-1L$61L1D -:L#D Bot% A \ B +an &inis% t%e )or7 in #DL: 'a(s .AA +an &inis% a )or7 in 1$ 'a(s an' B +an 'o t%e same )or7 in %al& t%e time ta7en b( A. T%en )or7ing toget%er )%at part o& t%e same )or7 t%e( +an &inis% in a 'a(; Sol: Kiven t%at B alone +an +omplete t%e same )or7 in 'a(s-%al& t%e time ta7en b( A-:'a(s AFs one 'a( )or7-1L1$ BFs one 'a( )or7-1L: @A6BAFs one 'a( )or7-1L1$61L:-1L/

Sol:

/AA is t)i+e as goo' a )or7man as B an' toget%er t%e( &inis% a pie+e o& )or7 in 1$ 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill A alone &inis% t%e )or7. Sol: i& A ta7es x 'a(s to 'o a )or7 t%en B ta7es !x 'a(s to 'o t%e same )or7 -,1Lx61L!x-1L1$ -,"L!x-1L1$ -,x-!? 'a(s. 0en+e A alone +an &inis% t%e )or7 in !? 'a(s.

?AA +an 'o a +ertain )or7 in 1! 'a(s. B is /D^ more e&&i+ient t%an A. 0o) man( 'a(s 'oes B alone ta7e to 'o t%e same [ob; Sol: Ratio o& time ta7en b( A\B-1/D:1DD -$:. Suppose B alone ta7es x 'a(s to 'o t%e [ob. T%en $:.::1!:x -, $x-.C1! -, x-1.L! 'a(s.

$AA +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 n ? 'a(s o& : %ours ea+% an' B alone +an 'o it in / 'a(s o& ? %ours ea+%. 0o) long )ill t%e( ta7e to 'o it )or7ing toget%er $ !L. %ours a 'a(; Sol: A +an +omplete t%e )or7 in @?C:A-/" 'a(s B +an +omplete t%e )or7 in @/C?A-#! 'a(s -, AFs one %ourFs )or7-1L/" an' BFs one %our )or7-1L#! @A6BAFs one %our )or7-1L/"61L#!-.L1!/ T%ere&ore Bot% +an &inis% t%e )or7 in 1!/L. %ours. Number o& 'a(s o& $ !L. %ours ea+%-@1!/[email protected]#!AA-"'a(s

:AA ta7es t)i+e as mu+% time as B or t%ri+e as mu+% time to &inis% a pie+e o& )or7. Mor7ing toget%er t%e( +an &inis% t%e )or7 in ! 'a(s. B +an 'o t%e )or7 alone in ; Sol: Suppose A B an' 9 ta7e x xL! an' xL" %ours respe+tivel( &inis% t%e )or7 t%en 1Lx6!Lx6"Lx-1L! -, /Lx-1L! -,x-1! So B ta7es / %ours to &inis% t%e )or7.

1DAa +an 'o 3Z o& a )or7 in 1D 'a(s Y +an 'o #D^ o& )or7 in #D 'a(s an' 8 +an 'o 1L" o& )or7 in 1" 'a(s. M%o )ill +omplete t%e )or7 &irst; Sol: M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( a in 1DC#-#D 'a(s. M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( Y in @#DC1DDL#DA-1DD 'a(s. M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( 8 in @1"C"A-": 'a(s T%ere&ore 8 )ill +omplete t%e )or7 &irst.

9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1AA an' B un'erta7e to 'o a pie+e o& )or7&or Rs /DD.A alone +an 'o it in / 'a(s )%ile B alone +an 'o it in $ 'a(s. Mit% t%e %elp o& 9 t%e( +an &inis% it in " 'a(s 2in' t%e s%are o& ea+%; Sol: 9Fs one 'a(Fs )or7-@1L"A-@1L/61L$A-1L!# T%ere&ore A:B:9- Ratio o& t%eir one 'a(<S_s )or7-1L/:1L$:1L!#-#:":1 AFs s%are-Rs @/DDC#L$A-"DD

BFs s%are- Rs @/DDC"L$A-!!. 9Fs s%are-RsQ/DD-@"DD6!!.AR-Rs ?. !AA +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in $D 'a(s. 0e )or7s at it &or 1D 'a(s \ t%en B alone &inis%es t%e remaining )or7 in #! 'a(s. 5n %o) mu+% time )ill A an' B )or7ing toget%er &inis% t%e )or7; Sol: Mor7 'one b( A in 1D 'a(s-1DL$D-1L$ Remaining )or7-@1-@1L$AA-?L$ No) )or7 )ill be 'one b( B in #! 'a(s. M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( B in @#!C$L?A-#$ 'a(s T%ere&ore AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L$D B<S_s one 'a(Fs )or7-1L#$ @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L$D61L#$-$L!#D-1L"D 0en+e bot% )ill &inis% t%e )or7 in "D 'a(s.

"A* N an' R are t%ree t(pists )%o )or7ing simultaneousl( +an t(pe !1/ pages in # %ours 5n one %our R +an t(pe as man( pages more t%an N as N +an t(pe more t%an *. Euring a perio' o& &ive %ours R +an t(pe as man( pages as * +an 'uring seven %ours. 0o) man( pages 'oes ea+% o& t%em t(pe per %our; Sol: Bet t%e number o& pages t(pe' in one %our b( * N an' R be x ( an' G respe+tivel( T%en x6(6G-!1/L#-.# ---------------1 G-(-(-x -, !(-x6G -----------! .G-?x -, x-.xL? ---------------" Solving 1 ! an' " )e get x-1. (-1$ an' G-!1 #ARonal' an' Elan are )or7ing on an assignment. Ronal' ta7es / %ours to t(pe "! pages on a +omputer )%ile Elan ta7es . %ours to t(pe #D pages. 0o) mu+% time )ill t%e( ta7e )or7ing toget%er on t)o 'i&&erent +omputers to t(pe an assignment o& 11D pages; Sol: Number o& pages t(pe' b( Ronal' in one %our-"!L/-1/L" Number o& pages t(pe' b( Elan in one %our-#DL.-$ Number o& pages t(pe' b( bot% in one %our-@@1/L"A6$A-#DL" Time ta7en b( bot% to t(pe 11D pages-11DC"L#D-$ %ours.

.AT)o )or7ers A an' B are engage' to 'o a )or7. A )or7ing alone ta7es $ %ours more to +omplete t%e [ob t%an i& bot% )or7ing toget%er. 5& B )or7e' alone %e )oul' nee' # 1L! %ours more to +ompete t%e [ob t%an t%e( bot% )or7ing toget%er. M%at time )oul' t%e( ta7e to 'o t%e )or7 toget%er. @1L@x6$AA6@1L@x6@:L!AAA-1Lx -,@1L@x6$AA6@!L@!x6:AA-1Lx -, x@#x6!.A-@x6$A@!x6:A -, !x! -?! -, x! - "/ -, x-/ T%ere&ore A an' B toget%er +an 'o t%e )or7 in / 'a(s. /AA an' B +an 'o a )or7 in1! 'a(s B an' 9 in 1. 'a(s 9 an' A in !D 'a(s. 5& A B an' 9 )or7 toget%er t%e( )ill +omplete t%e )or7 in %o) man( 'a(s; @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L1!Y @B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L1.Y @A69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L!DY A''ing )e get !@A6B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L1!61L1.61L!D-1!L/D-1L. @A6B69AFs one 'a( )or7-1L1D So A B an' 9 toget%er +an +omplete t%e )or7 in 1D 'a(s. ?AA an' B +an 'o a )or7 in $ 'a(s B an' 9 +an 'o t%e same )or in 1! 'a(s. A B an' 9 toget%er +an &inis% it in / 'a(s. A an' 9 toget%er )ill 'o it in %o) man( 'a(s; @A6B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L/Y @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L$Y @B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L1!Y @A69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-!@A6B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-@@A6BAFs one 'a( )or76@B69AFs one 'a( )or7A - @!L/A-@1L$61L1!A -@1L"A- @.L!#A -"L!# Sol: Sol: Sol:

-1L$ So A an' 9 toget%er )ill 'o t%e )or7 in $ 'a(s. $AA +an 'o a +ertain )or7 in t%e same time in )%i+% B an' 9 toget%er +an 'o it. 5& A an' B toget%er +oul' 'o it in 1D 'a(s an' 9 alone in .D 'a(s t%en B alone +oul' 'o it in %o) man( 'a(s; @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L1DY 9Fs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L.D @A6B69AFs one 'a(Fs )[email protected]/L.D-"L!. Also AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-@B69A<S_s one 'a(Fs )or7 2rom i an' ii )e get :!C@AFs one 'a(Fs )or7A-"L!. -, AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-"L.D BFs one 'a(<S_s )or7-@1L1D-"L.DA -!L.D -1L!. B alone +oul' +omplete t%e )or7 in !. 'a(s. :A A is t%ri+e as goo' a )or7man as B an' t%ere&ore is able to &inis% a [ob in /D 'a(s less t%an B. Mor7ing toget%er t%e( +an 'o it in: Ratio o& times ta7en b( A an' B-1:". 5& 'i&&eren+e o& time is ! 'a(s B ta7es " 'a(s 5& 'i&&eren+e o& time is /D 'a(s B ta7es @"C/DL!A-:D 'a(s So A ta7es "D 'a(s to 'o t%e )or7-1L:D AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L"DY BFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L:DY @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L"D61L:D-#L:D-!L#. T%ere&ore A\B toget%er +an 'o t%e )or7 in #.L!'a(s 1DA A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in $D 'a(s. 0e )or7s at it &or 1D 'a(s an' t%en B alone &inis%es t%e remaining )or7 in #! 'a(s. 5n %o) mu+% time )ill A\B )or7ing toget%er &inis% t%e )or7; Sol: Mor7 Eone b( A n 1D 'a(s -1DL$D-1L$ Remaining )or7 -1-1L$-?L$ No) ?L$ )or7 is 'one b( B in #! 'a(s M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( B in #!C$L?- #$ 'a(s -, AFs one 'a(Fs )or7 -1L$D an' BFs one 'a(Fs )or7 -1L#$ @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7 - 1L$D61L#$ - $L!#D - 1L"D 0en+e bot% )ill &inis% t%e )or7 in "D 'a(s. Sol: Sol:

11A #. men +an +omplete a )or7 in 1/ 'a(s. Six 'a(s a&ter t%e( starte' )or7ing so more men [oine' t%em. 0o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e( no) ta7e to +omplete t%e remaining )or7; Sol: M1CE1LM1-M!CE!LM! -,#.C/L@/L1/A-?.CxL@1-@/L1/AA -, x-/ 'a(s

1!AA is .D^ as e&&i+ient as B. 9 'oes %al& t%e )or7 'one b( A\B toget%er. 5& 9 alone 'oes t%e )or7 n #D 'a(s t%en A B an' 9 toget%er +an 'o t%e )or7 in: Sol: AFs one 'a(Fs )or7:BFs one 'a(s )or7-1.D:1DD -":! Bet AFs \BFs one 'a(Fs )or7 be "x an' !x 'a(s respe+tivel(. T%en 9Fs one 'a(Fs )or7-.xL! -, .xL!-1L#D -, x-@@1L#DAC@!L.AA-1L1DD AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-"L1DD BFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L.D 9Fs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L#D So A B an' 9 +an 'o t%e )or7 in 1" 1L" 'a(s.

1"AA +an &inis% a )or7 in 1$ 'a(s an' B +an 'o t%e same )or7 in 1. 'a(s. B )or7e' &or 1D 'a(s an' le&t t%e [ob. 5n %o) man( 'a(s A alone +an &inis% t%e remaining )or7; BFs 1D 'a(Fs )or7-1DL1.-!L" Remaining )or7-@1-@!L"AA-1L" No) 1L1$ )or7 is 'one b( A in 1 'a(. T%ere&ore 1L" )or7 is 'one b( A in 1$C@1L"A-/ 'a(s. Sol:

1#AA +an &inis% a )or7 in !# 'a(s B n : 'a(s an' 9 in 1! 'a(s. B\9 start t%e )or7 but are &or+e' to leave a&ter " 'a(s. T%e remaining )or7 'one b( A in: Sol: @B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L:61L1!-?L"/ Mor7 'one b( B \ 9 in " 'a(s-"C?L"/-?L1! Remaining )or7-1-@?L1!A-.L1! No) 1L!# )or7 is 'one b( A in 1 'a(. So .L1! )or7 is 'one b( A in !#C.L1!-1D 'a(s

1.Aa an' Y +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 n !D 'a(s an' 1! 'a(s respe+tivel(. a starte' t%e )or7 alone an' t%en a&ter # 'a(s Y [oine' %im till t%e +ompletion o& )or7. 0o) long 'i' t%e )or7 last; )or7 'one b( a in # 'a(s -#L!D -1L. Remaining )or7- 1-1L. -#L. @a6YAFs one 'a(Fs )or7 -1L!D61L1! -$L/D-!L1. No) !L1. )or7 is 'one b( a an' Y in one 'a(. So #L. )or7 )ill be 'one b( a an' Y in 1.L!C#L.-/ 'a(s 0en+e Total time ta7en -@/6#A 'a(s - 1D 'a(s 1/AA 'oes #L. o& )or7 in !D 'a(s. 0e t%en +alls in B an' t%e( toget%er &inis% t%e remaining )or7 in " 'a(s. 0o) long B alone )oul' ta7e to 'o t%e )%ole )or7; Sol: M%ole )or7 is 'one b( A in !DC.L#-!. 'a(s No) @1-@#L.AA i.e 1L. )or7 is 'one b( A\ B in 'a(s. M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one b( A\ B in "C.-1. 'a(s -,BFs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L1.-1L!.-#L1.D-!L?. So B alone )oul' 'o t%e )or7 in ?.L!- "? 3O 'a(s. Sol:

1?A A an' B +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in #. 'a(s an' #D 'a(s respe+tivel(. T%e( began to 'o t%e )or7 toget%er but A leaves a&ter some 'a(s an' t%en B +omplete' t%e remaining )or7 n !" 'a(s. T%e number o& 'a(s a&ter )%i+% A le&t t%e )or7 )as @A6BAFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L#.61L#D-1?L"/D Mor7 'one b( B in !" 'a(s-!"L#D Remaining )or7-1-@!"L#DA-1?L#D No) 1?L"/D )or7 )as 'one b( @A6BA in 1 'a(. 1?L#D )or7 )as 'one b( @A6BA in @1C@"/DL1?AC@1?L#DAA- : 'a(s So A le&t a&ter : 'a(s. 1$AA +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in 1D 'a(s B in 1. 'a(s. T%e( )or7 &or . 'a(s. T%e rest o& )or7 &inis%e' b( 9 in ! 'a(s. 5& t%e( get Rs 1.DD &or t%e )%ole )or7 t%e 'ail( )ages o& B an' 9 are *art o& )or7 'one b( A- .L1D-1L! *art o& )or7 'one b( B-1L" *art o& )or7 'one b( 9-@1-@1L!61L"AA-1L/ AFs s%are: BFs s%are: 9Fs s%are-1L!:1L":1L/- ":!:1 AFs s%are-@"L/AC1.DD-?.D BFs s%are-@!L/AC1.DD-.DD 9Fs s%are-@1L/AC1.DD-!.D AFs 'ail( )ages-?.DL.-1.DLBFs 'ail( )ages-.DDL.-1DDL9Fs 'ail( )ages-!.DL!-1!.LEail( )ages o& B\9 - 1DD61!.-!!.L1:AA alone +an +omplete a )or7 in 1/ 'a(s an' B alone +an +omplete t%e same in 1! 'a(s. Starting )it% A t%e( )or7 on alternate 'a(s. T%e total )or7 )ill be +omplete' in %o) man( 'a(s; @aA 1! 'a(s @bA 1" 'a(s @+A 1" .L? 'a(s @'A1" 3b 'a(s Sol: @A6BAFs ! 'a(s )or7 - 1L1/ 6 1L1! -?L#$ )or7 'one in / pairs o& 'a(s -@?L#$A C / - ?L$ remaining )or7 - 1- ?L$ - 1L$ )or7 'one b( A on 1"t% 'a( - 1L1/ remaining )or7 - 1L$ <ST 1L1/ - 1L1/ on 1#t% 'a( it is B<S_s turn 1L1! )or7 is 'one b( B in 1 'a(. 1L1/ )or7 is 'one b( B in 3b 'a(. Total time ta7en- 1" 3b 'a(s. Sol: Sol:

So Ans)er is: E !DAA B an' 9 +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in !D "D an' /D 'a(s respe+tivel(. 5n %o) man( 'a(s +an A 'o t%e )or7 i& %e is assiste' b( B an' 9 on ever( t%ir' 'a(; Sol: AFs t)o 'a(Fs )or7-!L!D-1L1D @A6B69AFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L!D61L"D61L/D-/L/D-1L1D Mor7 'one in " 'a(s-@1L1D61L1DA-1L. No) 1L. )or7 is 'one in " 'a(s T%ere&ore M%ole )or7 )ill be 'one in @"C.A-1. 'a(s. !1ASeven men +an +omplete a )or7 in 1! 'a(s. T%e( starte' t%e )or7 an' a&ter . 'a(s t)o men le&t. 5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e )or7 be +omplete' b( t%e remaining men; @AA . @BA / @9 A ? @EA $ @EA none ?C1! men +omplete t%e )or7 in 1 'a(. T%ere&ore 1 manFs 1 'a(Fs )or7-1L$# ? menFs . 'a(s )or7 - .L1! -,remaining )or7 - 1-.L1! - ?L1! . menFs 1 'a(Fs )or7 - .L$# .L$# )or7 is 'on b( t%em in 1 'a( ?L1! )or7 is 'one b( t%em in @@$#L.A C @?L1!AA - #:L. 'a(s - : #L. 'a(s. Ans: E !!A.1! men +omplete a )or7 in : 'a(s. A&ter t%e( %ave )or7e' &or / 'a(s / more men [oine' t%em. 0o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e( ta7e to +omplete t%e remaining )or7; @aA ! 'a(s @bA " 'a(s @+A # 'a(s @'A .'a(s 1 manFs 1 'a( )or7 - 1L1D$ 1! menFs / 'a(s )or7 - /L: - !L" remaining )or7 - 1 <ST !L" - 1L" 1$ menFs 1 'a(s )or7 - 1$L1D$ - 1L/ 1L/ )or7 is 'one b( t%em in 1 'a( t%ere&ore 1L" )or7 is 'one b( t%em in /L" - ! 'a(s. Ans : A !"A.A man a )oman an' a bo( +an +omplete a [ob in " # an' 1! 'a(s respe+tivel(. 0o) man( bo(s must assist 1 man an' 1 )oman to +omplete t%e [ob in 3Z o& a 'a(; @aA. 1 @bA. # @+A. 1: @'A. #1 Sol : @1 man 6 1 )omanAFs 1 'a(s )or7 - 1L"61L#-?L1! Mor7 'one b( 1 man an' 1 )omen n 1L# 'a(-@@?L1!AC@1L#AA-?L#$ Remaining )or7- 1- ?L#$- #1L#$ Mor7 'one b( 1 bo( in 3Z 'a(- @@1L1!AC@1L#AA -1L#$ T%ere&ore Number o& bo(s re1uire'- @@#1L#$AC#$A- #1 'a(s So Ans)er: E !#A1! men +an +omplete a pie+e o& )or7 in # 'a(s )%ile 1. )omen +an +omplete t%e same )or7 in # 'a(s. / men start )or7ing on t%e [ob an' a&ter )or7ing &or ! 'a(s all o& t%em stoppe' )or7ing. 0o) man( )omen s%oul' be put on t%e [ob to +omplete t%e remaining )or7 i& it is to be +omplete' in " 'a(s. @AA 1. @BA 1$ @9A !! @EA 'ata ina'e1uate one manFs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L#$ one )omanFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L/D / menFs ! 'a(Fs )or7-@@/L#$AC!A- 3Z Remaining )or7-"L# No) 1L/D )or7 s 'one in 1 'a( b( 1 )oman. So 3b )or7 )ill be 'one in " 'a(s b( @/DC@"L#AC@1L"AA- 1. )oman. So Ans)er: A !.AT)elve +%il'ren ta7e sixteen 'a(s to +omplete a )or7 )%i+% +an be +omplete' b( $ a'ults in 1! 'a(s. Sixteen a'ults le&t an' &our +%il'ren [oine' t%em. 0o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e( ta7e to +omplete t%e remaining )or7; @AA " @BA # @ 9A / @EA $ Sol: Sol : Sol:

one +%il'Fs one 'a( )or7- 1L1:!Y one a'ultFs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L:/Y )or7 'one in " 'a(s-@@1L:/AC1/C"A- 1L! Remaining )or7- 1 <ST 3O-1L! @/ a'ults6 # +%il'renAFs 1 'a(Fs )or7- /L:/6#L1:!- 1L1! 1L1! )or7 is 'one b( t%em in 1 'a(. 3O )or7 is 'one b( t%em 1!C@1L!A- / 'a(s So Ans)er- 9 !/ASixteen men +an +omplete a )or7 in t)elve 'a(s. T)ent( &our +%il'ren +an +omplete t%e same )or7 in 1$ 'a(s. 1! men an' $ +%il'ren starte' )or7ing an' a&ter eig%t 'a(s t%ree more +%il'ren [oine' t%em. 0o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e( no) ta7e to +omplete t%e remaining )or7; @AA ! 'a(s @BA # 'a(s @ 9A / 'a(s @EA $ 'a(s one manFs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L1:! one +%il'Fs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L#"! Mor7 'one in $ 'a(s-$C@1!L1:!6 $L#"!A-$C@1L1/61L.#A -".L.# Remaining )or7- 1 -".L.#- 1:L.# @1! men611 +%il'renAFs 1 'a(Fs )or7- 1!L1:! 6 11L#"! - 1:L!1/ No) 1:L!1/ )or7 is 'one b( t%em in 1 'a(. T%ere&ore 1:L.# )or7 )ill be 'one b( t%em in @@!1/L1:AC@1:L.#AA- # 'a(s So Ans)er: B !?AT)ent(-&our men +an +omplete a )or7 in 1/ 'a(s. T%irt(- t)o )omen +an +omplete t%e same )or7 in t)ent(-&our 'a(s. Sixteen men an' sixteen )omen starte' )or7ing an' )or7e' &or 1! 'a(s. 0o) man( more men are to be a''e' to +omplete t%e remaining )or7 in ! 'a(s; @AA 1/ men @BA !# men @ 9A "/ men @EA #$ men one manFs one 'a(Fs )or7- 1L"$# one )omanFs one 'a(Fs )or7-1L?/$ Mor7 'one in 1! 'a(s- 1!C@ 1/L"$# 6 1/L?/$A - 1!C@"L#$A-"L# Remaining )or7-1 <ST 3b-1L# @1/ men61/ )omenAFs t)o 'a(Fs )or7 -1!C@ 1/L"$#61/L?/$A-!L1/-1L$ Remaining )or7 - 1L#-1L$ -1L$ 1L"$# )or7 is 'one n 1 'a( b( 1 man. T%ere&ore 1L$ )or7 )ill be 'one in ! 'a(s in "$#C@1L$AC@1L!A-!#men !$A# men an' / )omen +an +omplete a )or7 in $ 'a(s )%ile " men an' ? )omen +an +omplete it in 1D 'a(s. 5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill 1D )omen +omplete it; @AA ". 'a(s @BA #D 'a(s @ 9A #. 'a(s @EA .D 'a(s Bet 1 manFs 1 'a(Fs )or7 -x 'a(s an' 1 )omanFs 1 'a(Fs )or7-( T%en #x6/(-1L$ an' "x6?(-1L1D. Solving t%ese t)o e1uations )e get: x-11L#DD an' (- 1L#DD T%ere&ore 1 )omanFs 1 'a(Fs )or7-1L#DD -, 1D )omen )ill +omplete t%e )or7 in #D 'a(s. Ans)er: B !:AJne man " )omen an' # bo(s +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in :/%rs ! men an' $ bo(s +an 'o it in $D %rs ! men \ " )omen +an 'o it in 1!D%r. .Men \ 1! bo(s +an 'o it in; @AA ": 1L11 %rs @BA #! ?L11 %rs @ 9A #" ?L11 'a(s @EA ##%rs Bet 1 manFs 1 %ourFs )or7-x 1 )omanFs 1 %ourFs )or7-( 1 bo(Fs 1 %ourFs )or7-G T%en x6"(6#G-1L:/ -----------@1A !x6$G- 1L$D ----------@!A a''ing @!A \ @"A an' subtra+ting @1A "x6#G-1L:/ ---------@#A 2rom @!A an' @#A )e get x-1L#$D Substituting )e get : (-1L?!D an' G- 1L:/D @. men6 1! bo(AFs 1 %ourFs )or7-.L#$D61!L:/D -1L:/ 6 1L$D-11L#$D T%ere&ore . men an' 1! bo(s +an 'o t%e )or7 in #$DL11 or #" ?L11%ours. So Ans)er: 9 Sol: Sol: Sol: ol:

Sol:

*5*ES ANE 95STERNS 1.5NBET:A pipe +onne+te' )it% a tan7 or +istern or a reservoir t%at &ills it it is 7no)n as 5nlet. JUTBET:A pipe +onne+te' )it% a tan7 or a +istern or a reservoir empt(ing it is 7no)n as Jutlet. !. iA 5& a pipe +an &ill a tan7 in x %ours t%en : part &ille' in 1 %our-1Lx. iiA5& a pipe +an empt( a tan7 in ( %ours t%en : part emptie' in 1 %our-1L(. iiiA5& a pipe +an &ill a tan7 in x %ours an' anot%er pipe +an empt( t%e &ull tan7 in ( %ours@ )%ere (,xA t%en on opening bot% t%e pipes t%e net part &ille' in 1 %our-@1Lx -1L(A. ivA5& a pipe +an &ill a tan7 in x %ours an' anot%er pipe +an empt( t%e &ull tan7 in ( %ours@ )%ere x,(A t%en on opening bot% t%e pipes t%e net part &ille' in 1 %our-@1L( -1LxA. vA 5& t)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in x %ours an' ( %ours respe+tivel(. 5& bot% t%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( part &ille' b( A6B in 1 %our- 1Lx 61L(. S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1AT)o pipes A\ B +an &ill a tan7 in "/ %ours an' #. %ours respe+tivel(. 5& bot% t%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( %o) mu+% time )ill be ta7en to &ill t%e tan7; *art &ille' b( A in 1 %our-1L"/ *art &ille' b( B in 1 %our- 1L#.Y *art &ille' b( @A6BAFs in 1 %our-1L"/ 61L#.- :L1$D -1L!D 0en+e bot% t%e pipes toget%er )ill &ill t%e tan7 in !D %ours. !AT)o pipes +an &ill a tan7 in 1D %ours \ 1! %ours respe+tivel(. M%ile "r' pipe empties t%e &ull tan7 n !D %ours. 5& all t%e t%ree pipes operate simultaneousl( in %o) mu+% time )ill t%e tan7 be &ille'; Sol: Net part &ille' in 1 %our-1L1D 61L1! -1L!D -$L/D-!L1. T%e tan7 be &ille' in 1.L!%ours- ? %rs "D min Sol:

"AA +istern +an be &ille' b( a tap in # %ours )%ile it +an be emptie' b( anot%er tap in : %ours. 5& bot% t%e taps are opene' simultaneousl( t%en a&ter %o) mu+% time )ill t%e +istern get &ille'; Sol: Net part &ille' in 1 %our- 1L# -1L:- .L"/ T%ere&ore t%e +istern )ill be &ille' in "/L. %ours or ?.! %ours. #A5& t)o pipes &un+tion simultaneousl( t%e reservoir )ill be &ille' in 1! 'a(s.Jne pipe &ills t%e reservoir 1D %ours &aster t%an t%e ot%er. 0o) man( %ours 'oes it ta7e t%e se+on' pipe to &ill t%e reservoir. Sol: Bet t%e reservoir be &ille' b( t%e 1st pipe in x %ours. T%e se+on' pipe )ill &ill it in @x61DA %ours 1Lx 6 @1L@x61DAA- 1L1! -, @!x61DAL@@xAC@x61DAA- 1L1! -, x-!D So t%e se+on' pipe )ill ta7e "D %ours to &ill t%e reservoir.

.AA +istern %as t)o taps )%i+% &ill it in 1! min an' 1. min respe+tivel(. T%ere is also a )aste pipe in t%e +istern. M%en all t%e t%ree are opene' t%e empt( +istern is &ull in !D min. 0o) long )ill t%e )aste pipe ta7e to empt( t%e &ull +istern; Sol: Mor7 'one b( a )aste pipe in 1 min-1L!D -@1L1!61L1.A- -1L1D @-ve means empt(ingA /AA tap +an &ill a tan7 in / %ours. A&ter %al& t%e tan7 is &ille' t%ree more similar taps are opene'. M%at is t%e total time ta7en to &ill t%e tan7 +ompletel(;

Sol:

Time ta7en b( one tap to &ill t%e %al& o& t%e tan7 -" %ours *art &ille' b( t%e &our taps in 1 %our-#L/-!L" Remaining part-1 -1L!-1L! T%ere&ore !L":1L!::1:x or x-@1L!AC1C@"L!A-"L# %ours. i.e #. min So total time ta7en- "%rs #.min.

?AA )ater tan7 is t)o-&i&t% &ull. *ipe A +an &ill a tan7 in 1D min. An' B +an empt( it in / min. 5& bot% pipes are open %o) long )ill it ta7e to empt( or &ill t%e tan7 +ompletel( ; Sol: 9learl( pipe B is &aster t%an A an' So t%e tan7 )ill be emptie'. *art to be emptie'-!L.. *art emptie' b( @A6BA in 1 min- 1L/ -1L1D-1L1. T%ere&ore 1L1.:!L.::1:x or x-@@!L.AC1C1.A-/ min. So t%e tan7 be emptie' in / min.

$ABu+7et * %as t%ri+e t%e +apa+it( as Bu+7et N. 5t ta7es /D turns &or Bu+7et * to &ill t%e empt( 'rum. 0o) man( turns it )ill ta7e &or bot% t%e bu+7ets *\N %aving ea+% turn toget%er to &ill t%e empt( 'rum; Bet t%e +apa+it( o& * be x lit. T%en +apa+it( o& N-xL" lit 9apa+it( o& t%e 'rum-/Dx lit Re1uire' number o& turns- /DxL@x6@xL"AA- /DxC"L#x-#. 9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1AT)o pipes +an &ill a +istern in 1# %ours an' 1/ %ours respe+tivel(. T%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( an' it is &oun' t%at 'ue to lea7age in t%e bottom it too7 "!min more to &ill t%e +istern. M%en t%e +istern is &ull in )%at time )ill t%e lea7 empt( it; Sol: Mor7 'one b( t%e t)o pipes in 1 %our- 1L1#61L1/-1.L11! Time ta7en b( t%ese t)o pipes to &ill t%e tan7-11!L1. %rs. Eue to lea7age time ta7en - ? %rs !$ min6 "! min- $ %ours T%ere&ore )or7 'one b( @t)o pipes 6 lea7A in 1 %r- 1L$ )or7 'one b( lea7 n 1 %our-1.L11! -1L$-1L11! Bea7 )ill empt( &ull +istern n 11! %ours. Sol:

!AT)o pipes A\B +an &ill a tan7 in "D min. 2irst A\B are opene'. A&ter ? min 9 also opene'. 5n %o) mu+% time t%e tan7 s &ull. *art &ille' n ? min - ?C@1L"/61L#.A-?L!D Remaining part- 1-?L!D-1"L!D Net part &ille' in 1 min )%en A B an' 9 are opene'-1L"/ 61L#.- 1L"D-1L/D No) 1L/D part is &ille' in 1 min. 1"L!D part is &ille' n @/DC1"L!DA-": min Total time ta7en to &ill t%e tan7-":6?-#/ min "AT)o pipes A\B +an &ill a tan7 in !# min an' "! min respe+tivel(. 5& bot% t%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( a&ter %o) mu+% time B s%oul' be +lose' so t%at t%e tan7 is &ull in 1$ min. Sol: Bet B be +lose' a&ter x min t%en part &ille' b( @A6BA in x min6 part &ille' b( A in @1$-xA min-1 x@1L!#61L"!A 6@1$-xA1L!# -1 -, x-$ 0en+e B must be +lose' a&ter $ min. Sol:

#AT)o pipes A\ B toget%er +an &ill a +istern in # %ours. 0a' t%e( been opene' separatel( t%en B )oul' %ave ta7en / %ours more t%an A to &ill t%e +istern. 0o) mu+% time )ill be ta7en b( A to &ill t%e +istern separatel(; Sol: Bet t%e +istern be &ille' b( pipe A alone in x %ours. *ipe B )ill &ill it in x6/ %ours 1Lx 6 1Lx6/-1L# Solving t%is )e get x-/. 0en+e A ta7es / %ours to &ill t%e +istern separatel(. .AA tan7 is &ille' b( " pipes )it% uni&orm &lo). T%e &irst t)o pipes operating simultaneousl( &ill t%e tan in t%e same time 'uring )%i+% t%e tan7 is &ille' b( t%e t%ir' pipe alone. T%e !n' pipe &ills t%e tan7 . %ours &aster t%an &irst pipe

an' # %ours slo)er t%an t%ir' pipe. T%e time re1uire' b( &irst pipe is : Sol: Suppose &irst pipe ta7e x %ours to &ill t%e tan7 t%en B \ 9 )ill ta7e @x-.A an' @x-:A %ours respe+tivel(. T%ere&ore 1Lx [email protected] -1L@x-:A Jn solving x-1. 0en+e time re1uire' b( &irst pipe is 1. %ours. /AA large tan7er +an be &ille' b( t)o pipes A\ B in /Dmin an' #D min respe+tivel(. 0o) man( minutes )ill it ta7e to &ill t%e tan7er &rom empt( state i& B is use' &or %al& t%e time \ A an' B &ill it toget%er &or t%e ot%er %al&; Sol: *art &ille' b( @A6BA n 1 min-@1L/D 61L#DA-1L!# Suppose t%e tan7 is &ille' in x minutes T%en xL!@1L!#61L#DA-1 -, @[email protected] -, x-"D min.

?AT)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in / %ours an' # %ours respe+tivel(. 5& t%e( are opene' on alternate %ours an' i& pipe A s opene' &irst in %o) man( %ours t%e tan7 s%all be &ull. Sol: @A6BAFs ! %ours )or7 )%en opene' alternativel( -1L/61L# -.L1! @A6BAFs # %ours )or7 )%en opene' alternativel(-1DL1!-.L/ Remaining part-1 -.L/-1L/. No) it is AFs turn an' 1L/ part is &ille' b( A in 1 %our . So total time ta7en to &ill t%e tan7-@#61A- . %ours.

$AT%ree taps A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 in 1! 1. an' !D %ours respe+tivel(. 5& A is open all t%e time an' B an' 9 are open &or one %our ea+% alternativel( t%e tan7 )ill be &ull in. @A6BAFs 1 %ourFs )or7-1L1!61L1.-:L/D-"L!D @A69AFs 1 %ourFs )or7-1L!D61L1!-$L/D-!L1. *art &ille' in ! %ours-"L!D6!L1.-1?L/D *art &ille' in ! %ours-"L!D6!L1.- 1?L/D *art &ille' in / %ours-"C1?L/D -1?L!D Remaining part-1 -1?L!D-"L!D No) it is t%e turn o& A \ B an' "L!D part is &ille' b( A\ B in 1 %our. T%ere&ore total time ta7en to &ill t%e tan7-/61-? %ours :AA Booster pump +an be use' &or &illing as )ell as &or empt(ing a tan7. T%e +apa+it( o& t%e tan7 is !#DD m". T%e empt(ing +apa+it( o& t%e tan7 is 1D m" per minute %ig%er t%an its &illing +apa+it( an' t%e pump nee's $ minutes lesser to empt( t%e tan7 t%an it nee's to &ill it. M%at is t%e &illing +apa+it( o& t%e pump; Sol: Bet t%e &illing +apa+it( o& t%e pump be x m"Lmin T%en empt(ing +apa+it( o& t%e pump-@x61DA m"Lmin. So !#DDLx <ST !#DDL@x61DA - $ on solving x-.D. Sol:

1DAA lea7 in t%e bottom o& a tan7 +an empt( t%e &ull tan in $ %r. An inlet pipe &ills )ater at t%e rate o& / lits a minute. M%en t%e tan7 is &ull t%e inlet is opene' an' 'ue to t%e lea7 t%e tan7 is empt( in 1! %rs. 0o) man( liters 'oes t%e +istern %ol'; Sol: Mor7 'one b( t%e inlet in 1 %r- 1L$ -1L1!-1L!# Mor7 'one b( t%e inlet in i min- @1L!#AC@1L/DA-1L1##D T%ere&ore Iolume o& 1L1##D part-/ lit Iolume o& )%ole-@1##DC/A lit-$/#D lit.

11AT)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a +istern in "? 3O min an' #. minutes respe+tivel(. Bot% t%e pipes are opene'. T%e +istern )ill be &ille' in [ust %al& an %our i& t%e pipe B is turne' o&& a&ter: sol: Bet B be turne' o&& a&ter x min. T%en *art &ille' b( @A6BA in x min6 part &ille' b( A in @"D-xAmin-1 T%ere&ore x@!L?.61L#.A6@"D-xA@!L?.A-1 11xL!!. 6 @/D-!xAL?.-1 11x6 1$D-/x-!!. x-:.

So B must be turne' o&& a&ter : minutes.

T5ME ANE E5STAN9E 2ormula 5ASpee' - Eistan+eLTime 55ATime - Eistan+eLspee' 555A Eistan+e - spee'Ctime 5IA 17mL%r - .L1$ mLs IA1 mLs - 1$L. PmL%r I5A5& t%e ratio o& t%e spee' o& A an' B is a:b t%en t%e ratio o& t%e time ta7en b( t%em to +over t%e same 'istan+e is 1La : 1Lb or b:a I55A suppose a man +overs a 'istan+e at x 7mp% an' an e1ual 'istan+e at ( 7mp%.t%en t%e average spee' 'uring t%e )%ole [ourne( is @!x(Lx6(A7mp% Solve' *roblems 1AA person +overs a +ertain 'istan+e at ?7mp% .0o) man( meters 'oes %e +over in ! minutes. Solution:: spee'-?!7mp%-?!C.L1$ - !DmLs 'istan+e +overe' in !min -!DC!C/D - !#DDm !A5& a man runs at "mLs. 0o) man( 7m 'oes %e run in 1%r #Dmin Solution:: spee' o& t%e man - "C1$L. 7mp% - .#L.7mp% Eistan+e +overe' in .L" %rs-.#L.C.L" - 1$7m "AMal7ing at t%e rate o& #7np% a man +overs +ertain 'istan+e in !%r #. min. Running at a spee' o& 1/.. 7mp% t%e man )ill +over t%e same 'istan+e in. Solution:: Eistan+e-Spee'C time #C11L#-117m Ne) spee' -1/..7mp% t%ere&ore Time-ELS-11L1/.. - #Dmin 1AA train +overs a 'istan+e in .D min i& it runs at a spee' o& #$7mp% on an average.T%e spee' at )%i+% t%e train must run to re'u+e t%e time o& [ourne( to #Dmin )ill be. Solution:: Time-.DL/D %r-.L/%r Spee'-#$mp% 'istan+e-SCT-#$C.L/-#D7m time-#DL/D%r-!L"%r Ne) spee' - #DC "L! 7mp%- /D7mp% !AIi7as +an +over a 'istan+e in 1%r !#min b( +overing !L" o& t%e 'istan+e at # 7mp% an' t%e rest at .7mp%.t%e total 'istan+e is; Solution:: Bet total 'istan+e be S total time-1%r!#min A to T :: spee'-#7mp%

'iistan+e-!L"S T to S :: spee'-.7m 'istan+e-1-!L"S-1L"S !1L1. %r-!L" SL# 6 1L"s L. $#-1#L"SC" S-$#C"L1#C" - /7m "A)al7ing at 3b o& %is usual spee' a man is late b( ! 3O %r. t%e usual time is. Solution:: Usual spee' - S Usual time - T Eistan+e - E Ne) Spee' is 3b S Ne) time is #L" T #L" T <ST T - .L! T-1.L! - ? 3O #AA man +overs a 'istance on scooter .had he moved 3kmph &aster %e )oul' %ave ta7en #D min less. 5& %e %a' move' !7mp% slo)er %e )oul' %ave ta7en #Dmin more.t%e 'istan+e is. Solution:: Bet 'istan+e - x m Usual rate - ( 7mp% xL( <ST xL(6" - #DL/D %r !(@(6"A - :x --------------1 xL(-! <ST xL( - #DL/D %r (@(-!A - "x -----------------! 'ivi'e 1 \ ! e1uations b( solving )e get x - #D .AEx+lu'ing stoppages t%e spee' o& t%e bus is .#7mp% an' in+lu'ing stoppages it is #.7mp%.&or %o) man( min 'oes t%e bus stop per %r. Solution:: Eue to stoppages it +overs :7m less. time ta7en to +over : 7m is Q:L.# C/DR min - 1Dmin /AT)o bo(s starting &rom t%e same pla+e )al7 at a rate o& .7mp% an' ...7mp% respe+tivel(.)%t time )ill t%e( ta7e to be $..7m apart i& t%e( )al7 in t%e same 'ire+tion Solution:: T%e relative spee' o& t%e bo(s - ...7mp% <ST .7mp% - D.. 7mp% Eistan+e bet)een t%em is $.. 7m Time- $..7m L D.. 7mp% - 1? %rs ?A! trains starting at t%e same time &rom ! stations !DD7m apart an' going in opposite 'ire+tion +ross ea+% ot%er ata 'istan+e o& 11D7m &rom one o& t%e stations.)%at is t%e ratio o& t%eir spee's. Solution:: 5n same time t%e( +over 11D7m \ :D 7m respe+tivel( so ratio o& t%eir spee' -11D::D - 11:: $AT)o trains start &rom A \ B an' travel to)ar's ea+% ot%er at spee' o& .D7mp% an' /D7mp% resp. At t%e time o& t%e meeting t%e se+on' train %as travele' 1!D7m more t%an t%e &irst.t%e 'istan+e bet)een t%em. Solution:: Bet t%e 'istan+e travele' b( t%e &irst train be x 7m t%en 'istan+e +overe' b( t%e se+on' train is x 6 1!D7m xL.D - x61!D L /D x- /DD so t%e 'istan+e bet)een A \ B is x 6 x 6 1!D - 1"!D 7m :AA t%ie& steals a +a r at !."Dpm an' 'rives it at /D7mp%.t%e t%e&t is

'is+overe' at "pm an' t%e o)ner sets o&& in anot%er +ar at ?.7mp% )%en )ill %e overta7e t%e t%ie& Solution:: Bet t%e t%ie& is overta7en x %rs a&ter !."Dpm 'istan+e +overe' b( t%e t%ie& in x %rs - 'istan+e +overe' b( t%e o)ner in x-1L! %r /Dx - ?. @ x- 3OA x- .L! %r t%ie& is overta7en at !."D pm 6 ! 3O %r - . pm 1DA5n +overing 'istan+e t%e spee' o& A \ B are in t%e ratio o& ":#.A ta7es "Dmin more t%an B to rea+% t%e 'estion.T%e time ta7en b( A to rea+% t%e 'estinstion is. Solution:: Ratio o& spee' - ":# Ratio o& time - #:" let A ta7es #x %rs B ta7es "x %rs t%en #x-"x - "DL/D %r x - 3O %r Time ta7en b( A to rea+% t%e 'estination is #x - # C 3O - ! %r 11AA motorist +overs a 'istan+e o& ":7m in #.min b( moving at a spee' o& x7mp% &or t%e &irst 1.min.t%en moving at 'ouble t%e spee' &or t%e next !D min an' t%en again moving at %is original spee' &or t%e rest o& t%e [ourne( .t%en x-; Solution:: Total 'istan+e - ": 7m Total time - #. min E - SCT x C 1.L/D 6 !x C !DL/D 6 x C 1DL/D - ": 7m x - "/ 7mp% 1!AA \ B are t)o to)ns.Mr.2ara +overs t%e 'istan+e &rom A tD B on +(+le at 1?7mp% an' returns to A b( a tonga running at a uni&orm spee' o& $7mp%.%is average spee' 'uring t%e )%ole [ourne( is. Solution:: M%en same 'istan+e is +overe' )it% 'i&&erent spee's t%en t%e average spee' - !x( L x6( -1D.$$7mp% 1"AA +ar +overs # su++essive "7m stret+%es at spee' o& 1D7mp% !D7mp% "D7mp%\:/D7mp% resp. 5ts average spee' is. Solution:: Average spee' - total 'istan+e L total time total 'istan+e - # C " - 1! 7m total time - "L1D 6 "L!D 6 "L"D 6 "L/D - "/L/D %r spee' -1!L"/ C /D - !D 7mp% 1#AA person )al7s at .7mp% &or /%r an' at #7mp% &or 1!%r. T%e average spee' is. Solution:: avg spee' - total 'istan+eLtotal time - .C/ 6 #C1! L 1$ -# 1L" mp% 1.AA bullo+7 +art %as to +over a 'istan+e o& $D7m in 1D%rs. 5& it +overs %al& o& t%e [ourne(in "L.t% time.)%t s%oul' be its spee' to +over t%e remaining 'istan+e in t%e time le&t. Solution:: Time le&t - 1D - "L.C1D - # %r spee' -#D 7m L# %r -1D 7mp%

1/AT%e ratio bet)een t%e spee's o& t%e A\ B is !:" an t%ere&ore A ta7es 1D min more t%an t%e time ta7en b( B to rea+% t%e 'estination.5& A %a' )al7e' at 'ouble t%e spee' %e )oul' %ave +overe' t%e 'istan+e in ; Solution:: Ratio o& spee' - !:" Ratio o& time - ":! A ta7es 1D min more "x-!x - 1D min AFs time-"D min ---,A +overs t%e 'istan+e in "D min i& its spee' is x -, 0e )ill +over t%e same 'istan+e in 1. min i& its spee' 'oubles @i.e !xA 1?AA is t)i+e as &ast as B an' B is t%ri+e as &ast as 9 is. T%e [ourne( +overe' b( B in; Solution:: spee'Fs ratio a : b - !: 1 b : + - ":1 TimeFs ratio b : + - 1:" b : + - 1$:.# @i& + +overs in .# min i..e t)i+e to 1$ min A 1$AA man per&orme' "L. o& t%e total [ourne( b( ratio 1?L!D b( bus an' t%e remaining /.7m on &oot.)%t is %is total [ourne(. Solution:: Bet total 'istan+e is x x-@"L.x 6 1?L!D xA -/.. x- 1:xL!D - /.. x-!D C /.. -1"D 7m 1:AA train M leaves Meerat at . am an' rea+%es Eel%i at :am . Anot%er train N leaves Eel%i at ?am an' rea+%es Meerut at 1D"Dam At )%at time 'o t%e ! trains +ross one anot%er Solution:: Bet t%e 'istan+e bet)een Meerut \ Eel%i be x t%e( meet a&ter ( %r a&ter ?am M +overs x in #%r N +overs x in " 3O i.e ?L! %r spee' o& M -xL# spee' o& N - !xL? Eistan+e +overe' b( M in (6! %r 6 Eistan+e +overe' b( N in ( %r is x xL# @(6!A 6!xL?@(A-x (-1#L1.%r or ./ min !DAA man ta7es .%r #.min in )al7ing to +ertain pla+e an' ri'ing ba+ k. 0e )oul' %ave gaine' !%rs b( ri'ing bot% )a(s.T%e time %e )oul ta7e to )al7 bot% )a(s is; Solution:: Bet x be t%e spee' o& )al7e' Bet ( be t%e spee' o& ri'e Bet E be t%e 'istan+e T%en ELx 6 EL( - !"L# %r -------1 EL( 6 EL( - !"L# <ST ! %r EL( - 1.L$ --------! substitute ! in 1 ELx 6 1.L$ - !"L# ELx - !"L# -1.L$ -#/-1.L$ -"1L$ Time ta7en &or )al7 one )a( is "1L$ %r time ta7en to )al7 to an' &ro is !C"1L$ - "1L# %r -? %r #. min TRA5NS

Keneral 9on+ept:@1A Time ta7en b( a train x mt long in passing a signal post or a pole or a stan'ing man - time ta7en b( t%e train to +over x mt @!A Time ta7en b( a train x mt long in passing a stationar( ob[e+t o& lengt% ( mt - time ta7en b( t%e train to +over x6( mt @"A Suppose t)o trains or t)o bo'ies are moving in t%e same 'ire+tion at u 7mp% an' v 7mp% su+% t%at u , v t%en t%eir relative spee' is u-v 7mp% @#A5& t)o trains o& lengt% x 7m an' ( 7m are moving in opposite 'ire'tions at u 7mp% an' vmp% t%en time ta7en b( t%e train to +ross ea+% ot%er - @x6(AL@u6vA %r @.A Suppose t)o trains or t)o b'ies are moving in opposite 'ire+tion at u 7mp% an' v 7mp% t%en t%eir relative spee' - @u6vA 7mp% @/A5& t)o train start at t%e same time &rom ! points A \ B to)ar's ea+% ot%er an' a&ter +rossing t%e( ta7e a \ b %ours in rea+%ing B \ A respe+tivel( t%en AFs spee' : BFs spee' - @bc1L! : ac1L! A *roblems:@1A2in' t%e time ta7en b( a train 1$Dm long running at ?!7mp% in +rossing an ele+tri+ pole Solution :: Spee' o& t%e train -?!C.L1$mLs -!D mLs Eistan+e move 'in passing t%e pole - 1$Dm Re1uire'time - 1$DL!D - : se+on's @!AA train 1#D m long running at /D7mp%.5n %o) mu+% time )ill it pass a plat&orm !/Dm long. Solution :: Eistan+e travelle' -1#D 6 !/D m -#DD m spee' - /D C .L1$ - .DLL" m time-#DDC" L .D - !# Se+on's @"AA man is stan'ing on a rail)a( bri'ge )%i+% is 1$D m.0e &in's t%at a train +rosses t%e bri'ge in !D se+on's but %imsel& in $ se+. 2in' t%e lengt% o& t%e train an' its sppee' Solution :: iAE-1$D6x T - !D se+on's

S- 1$D6x L !D iiAE-x T-$ se+on's E-ST x-$S Substitute ! in 1

------------ 1

------------- !

S-1$D 6 $ S L !D S-1. mLs Bengt% o& t%e train x is $ C1. - 1!D m @#AA train 1.Dm long is running )it% a spee' o& /$ mp%5n )%t time )ill it pass a man )%o is running at a spee' o& $7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion in )%i+% t%e train is going Solution :: Relative Spee' - /$-$-/D7mp%C.L1$ - .DL" mLs time- 1.D C " L.D -:se+

@.AA train !!Dm long is running )it% a spee' o& .: 7 mp% L..5n )%at time )ill it pass a man )%o is running at ? 7mp% in t%e 'ire+tion opposite to t%at in )%i+% train is going. Solution :: Relative Spee' - .:6?-//7mp%C.L1$ - ..L" mLs time- !!DL.. C " -1!se+ @/AT)o trains 1"?m an' 1/"m in lengt% are running to)ar's ea+% ot%er on parallel lines one at t%e rate o& #!7mp% \ anot%er at #$ mp%.5n )%t time )ill t%e( be +lear o& ea+% ot%er &rom t%e moment t%e( meet. Solution :: Relative spee' -#!6#$ - :D C.L1$ - !.mLs time ta7en b( t%e train to pass ea+% ot%er - time ta7en to +over @1"?61/"Am at !. mLs - "DD L!. s -1! s @?AA train running at .# 7mp% ta7es !D se+ to pass a plat&orm .Next it ta7es 1! se+ to pass a man )al7ing at /7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion in )%i+% t%e train is going.2in' lengt% o& t%e train an' lengt% o& plat&orm

Solution :: Relative spee' ).r.t man - .#-/-#$7mp% t%e lengt% o& t%e train is #$ C .L1$ C 1! -1/Dm time ta7en to pass plat&orm -!D se+ Spee' o& t%e train - .# C .L1$ -1.mLs 1/D6x -!D C1. x-1#Dm lengt% o& t%e plat&orm is 1#Dm @$AA man sitting in a train )%i+% is travelling at .Dmp% observes t%at a goo's train travelling in opposite ire+tion ta7es : se+ to pass %im .5& t%e goos train is 1.Dm long &in its spee' Solution :: Relative spee' -1.DL: mLs -/D mp% spee' o& t%e train - /D-.D -1D7mp%

@:AT)o trains are moving in t%e sam e 'ire+tion at /.7mp% an' #.7mp%.t%e &aster train +rosses a man in slo)er train in1$se+.t%e lengt% o& t%e &aster train is Solution :: Relative spee' -/.-#. 7mp% - .DL: mLs Eistan++e +overe' in1$ s -.DL: C 1$ - 1DDm t%e lengt% o& t%e train is 1DDm @1DAAtrain overta7es t)o persons )%o are )al7ing in t%e same 'ire+tion in )%i+% t%e train is going at t%e rate o& !7mp% an #7mp% an' passes t%em +ompletel( in : se+ an 1D se+ respe+tivel(.t%e lengt% o& train is Solution :: !7mp% - .L: mLs # mp% -1DL: mLs Bet t%e lengt% o& t%e trainbe x meters an' its spee' is ( mLs t%en x L @(- .L:A - : :(-. -x :(-x-. an' an' an' x L @(- 1DL:A - 1D 1D@:(-1DA-:x :D(-:x-1DD

on solving )e get x-.D leng%t o& trains @11A T)o stations A \ B are 11D 7m apart on a straig%t line.Jne train starts &rom A at ?am an' travels to)ar's B at !D7mp%.Anot%er train starts &rom B at $am an travels to)ar' A at a spee' o& !.7mp%.At )%at time )ill t%e( meet Solution :: Suppose t%e train meet x %r a&ter ?am Eistan+e +overe' b( A in x %r-!Dx 7m !Dx6!.@x-1A - 11D #.x-1". x-" So t%e( meet at 1D am @1!AA traintravelling at #$7mp% +ompletel( +rosses anot%er train %aving %al& its lengt% an travelling inopposite 'ire+tion at #!7mp% in1! se+.5t also passes a rail)a( plat&orm in #.se+.t%e lengt% o& plat&orm is Solution :: Bet t%e lengt% o& t%e &irst train be x mt t%en t%e lengt% o& se+on' train is xL! mt relative spee' - #$6#! 7mp% -:D C .L1$ mLs - !.mLs @x6 xL!AL!. -1! x-!DD Bengt% o& t%e train is !DDm Bet t%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm be ( mt spee' & t%e &irst train - #$C.L1$ mLs - #DL" mLs !DD6( C "L#D - #. (-#DDm

@1"AT%e lengt% o& a running trsain in "D^ more t%an t%e lengt% o& anpt%er train B runnng in t%e opposite 'ire+tion.To &in' out t%e spee' o& trtain B )%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing in&ormation given in t%e statements * \ N is su&&i+ient * : T%e spee' o& train A is $D 7mp% N : T%e( too :D se+ to +ross ea+% ot%er @aA Eit%er * \ N is su&&i+ient @bABot% * \ N are not su&&i+ient @+Aonl( N is su&&i+ient @'ABot% * \ N are neee' Ans: B Solution :: Bet t%e lengt% o& t% e train A be x mt Bengt% o& t%e train B - 1"DL1DD x mt -1"xL1D mt Bet t%e spee' o& B be ( mp% spee' o& t%e train A-$Dmp% relative spee'- (6$D C .L1$ mLs time ta7en b( t%e trains t +ross ea+% ot%er is gven b( :D - @x 6 1"xL1DAL @.(6#DD L 1$A to &in' ( +learl( xis also nee'e' so bot% * \ N are not su&&i+ient @1#AT%e spee' o& a train A 1DDm long is #D^ more t%an t%en t%e spee'' o& anot%er train B 1$Dm long running in opposite 'ire+tion.To &in out t%e spee' o& B )%i+% o& t%e in&ormation given in statements * \ N is su&&i+ient * :T%e t)o trains +rosse' ea+% ot%er in / se+on's N : T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%e spee o& t%e trains is !/7mp% @aAJnl( * is su&&i+ient @bAJnl( N is su&&i+ient @+ABot% * \ N are nee'e' @'ABot% * \ N are not su&&i+ient Ans : A Solution ::

Bet spee' o& B be x 7mp% t%en spee' o& A -1#DxL1DD 7mp% -?xL. mp% relative spee' - x 6 ?xL. -!xL" mLs time ta7en to +ross ea+% ot%er - @1DD61$DAC"L!x s -#!DLx s no) #!DLx - / x-?D mp% t%us onl( * is su&&i+ient @1.AT%e train running at +ertain spee' +rosses astationar( enginein !D se+on's.to &in' out t%e spe' o& t%e train )%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing in&ormation is ne+essar( @aAJnl( t%e lengt% o& t%e train @bAonl( t%e lengt% o& t%e engine @+AEit%er t%e lengt% o& t%e train or lengt% o& engine @'ABot% t%e lengt% o& t%e train or lengt% o& engine Ans : E Solution :: Sin+e t%e sum o& lengt%s o& t%e tran an' t%e engine is nee'e' so bot% t%e lengt% must be 7no)n BJATS ANE STREAMS 5mportant &a+ts: 1A5n )ater t%e 'ire+tion along t%e stream is +alle' 'o)n stream. !AEire+tion against t%e stream is +alle' upstream. "AT%e spee' o& boat in still )ater is U 7mL%r an' t%e spee' o& stream is I 7mL%r t%en spee' 'o)n stream -U 6 I 7mL%r spee' up stream - U <ST I 7mL%r 2ormulas: 5& t%e spee' 'o)n stream is A 7mL%r an' t%e spee' up stream is B 7mL%r t%en spee' in still )ater - 3O@A6BA 7mL%r rate o& stream -1L!@A-BA 7mL%r *RJBBEMS: 1. 5n one %our a boat goes 11 7m long t%e stream an' . 7m against t%e stream. T%e spee' o& t%e boat in still )ater is; Sol: Spee' in still )ater - 3O @ 116.A 7mL%r - $ 7mp% !.A man +an ro) 1$ 7mp% in still )ater. 5t ta7es %im t%ri+e as long as ro) up as to ro) 'o)n t%e river. &in' t%e rate o& stream. Sol: Bet manFs rate up stream be x7mp% t%en in still )ater -1L!Q"x6xR-!x 7mp% so !x- 1$ x-: rate upstream -:7mp% rate 'o)nstream -!? 7mp% rate o& stream - 3O Q!?-:R - :7mp% ".A man +an ro) ?1L!7mp% in still )atre . i& in a river running at 1.. 7m an %our i& ta7es %im .D min to ro) to pla+e an' ba+7. %o) &ar o&& is t%e pla+e; Sol: spee' 'o)n stream -?..61..-:7mp% spee' upstream -?..-1..-/7mp% let t%e re1uire' 'isten+e x 7m. t%en xL:6xL/-.DL/D - !x6"x- .L/C1$ .x-1. x-" 0en+e t%e re1uire' 'isten+e is " 7m #.A man +an ro) " 1uarters o& a 7m aganist t%e stream is 111L# min. t%e spee' o& t%e

man in still )ater is ; Sol: rate upstream - ?.DL/!. mLse+ -1DL: mLse+ rate 'o)nstream -?.DL#.D mLse+ - .L" mLse+ rate in still )ater -1L!Q1DL:6.L"R - !.L1$ mLse+ - !.L1$C1$L.-. 7mp% ..A boat +an travel )it% a spee' o& 1" 7mp% in still )ater. i& t%e spee' o& stream is # 7mp% &in' t%e time ta7en b( t%e boat to go /$ 7m 'o)nstream; Sol: Spee' 'o)n stream - 1"6#- 1? 7mp% time ta7en to travel /$7m 'o)nstream -/$L1? %rs - # %rs /.A boat ta7es :D min less to travel "/ miles 'o)nstream t%en to travel t%e same 'isten+e upstream. i& t%e spee' o& t%e boat in still )ater is 1D mp% . t%e spee' o& t%e stream is : Sol: Bet t%e spee' o& t%e stream be x mp% . t%en spee' 'o)nstream - Q1D6xRmp% spee' upstream -Q1D-xR mp% "/LQ1D6xR - "/LQ1D-xR - :DL/D -?!xC/D- :DQ1DD-x!R @x6.DA@x-!A -D x-! 7mp% ?.At %is usual ro)ing rate Ra%ul 1! miles 'o)n stream in a +ertain river in / %rs less t%an it ta7es %im to travel t%e same 'isten+e upstream. but i& %e +oul' 'ouble %is usual ro)ing rate &or %is !# miles roun't%e 'o)n stream 1! miles )oul' t%en ta7e onl( one %our less t%an t%e up stream 1! miles. )%at is t%e spee' o& t%e +urrent in miles per %ours; Sol: Bet t%e spee' in still )ater be x mp% an' t%e spee' o& t%e +urren be ( mp%. t%en spee' upstream - @x-(A spee' 'o)nstream -@x6(A 1!L@x-(A - 1!L@x6(A - / /@x! <ST (!A m- !x( -, x! <ST (! -#( -@1A an' 1!L@!x-(A - 1!L@!x6(A -1 -, #x! <ST (! - !#( x!- @ !#( 6 (!AL# --,@!A &rom 1 an' ! )e %ave #(6 (! -@ !#(6(!AL# (-$L" mp% (- !!L" mp% $.T%ere is a roa' besi'e a river. t)o &rien's starte' &rom a pla+e A move' to a temple situate' at anot%er pla+e B an' t%en returne' to A again. one o& t%em moves on a +(+le at a spee' o& 1! 7mp% )%ile t%e ot%er sails on a boat at a spee' o& 1D 7mp% . i& t%e river &lo)s at t%e spee'o& # 7mp% )%i+% o& t%e t)o &rien's )ill return to pla+e A &irst ; Sol: 9learl( T%e +(+list moves bot% )a(s at a spee' o& 1! 7mp% so average spee' o& t%e +(+list - 1! 7mp% t%e boat sailor moves 'o)nstream - @1D6#A - 1# 7mp% upstream -@1D-#A - / 7mp% So average spee' o& t%e boat sailor -Q !C1#C/RLQ1#6/R 7mp% -#!L. 7mp% -$.# 7mp% Sin+e t%e average spee' o& t%e +(+list is greater %e )ill return to A &irst. :.A boat ta7es 1: %rs &or travelling 'o)nstream &rom point A to point B. an' +oming ba+7 to a point 9 mi')a( bet)een A an' B. i& t%e velo+it( o& t%e sream is # 7mp% . an' t%e spee' o& t%e boat in still )ater is 1# 7mp%. )%at is t%e 'isten+e bet)een A an' B; Sol: spee' 'o)nstream -1#6# -1$ 7mp% spee' upstream - 1# -# - 1D 7mp% let t%e 'isten+e bet)een A an' B be x 7m. t%en xL1$ 6 @xL!AL1D - 1: xL1$ 6 xL!D -1: 1:xL1$D -1: -,x - 1$D7m 0en+e t%e 'isten+e bet)een A an' B b) 1$D 7m

ABB5KAT5JN JR M5aTURES

5mportant 2a+ts an' 2ormula: 1.Allegation:5t is t%e rule t%at enables us to &in' t%e ratio in )%i+% t)o o& more ingre'ients at t%e given pri+e must be mixe' to pro'u+e a mixture o& a 'esire' pri+e. !.Mean *ri+e:T%e +ost pri+e o& a unit 1uantit( o& t%e mixture is +alle' t%e mean pri+e. ".Rule o& Allegation:5& t)o ingre'ients are mixe' t%en Nuantit( o& 9%eaper L Nuantit( o& Eearer @9.* o& Eearer <ST Mean *ri+eA L@Mean *ri+e<ST9.* o& 9%eaperA. 9.* o& a unit 1uantit( o& +%eaper@+A Mean *ri+e@mA @'-mA @m-+A 9.* o& unit 1uantit( o& 'earer@'A

9%eaper 1uantit(:Eearer 1uantit( - @'-mA:@m-+A #.Suppose a +ontainer +ontains x units o& li1ui' &rom )%i+% ( units are ta7en out an' repla+e' b( )ater. A&ter n operations t%e 1uantit( o& pure li1ui' - x @1 <ST (LxAn units. SJBIEE *RJBBEMS Simple problems: 1.5n )%at ratio must ri+e at Rs :."D per Pg be mixe' )it% ri+e at Rs 1D.$D per Pg so t%at t%e mixture be )ort% Rs 1D per Pg; Solution: 9.* o& 1 Pg ri+e o& 1st 7in' :"D p 9.* o& 1 Pg ri+e o& !n ' 7in' 1D$Dp Mean *ri+e 1DDDp $D Re1uire' ratio-$D:?D - $:? !.0o) mu+% )ater must be a''e' to /D liters o& mil7 at 11L! liters &or Rs !D so as to %ave a mixture )ort% Rs 1D !L" a liter; Solution:9.* o& 1 lit o& mil7 - !DC!L" - #DL" 9.* o& 1 lit o& )ater D 9.* o& 1 lit o& mil7 #DL" Mean *ri+e "!L" $L" "!L" ?D

Ratio o& )ater an' mil7 -$L" : "!L" - 1:# Nuantit( o& )ater to be a''e' to /D lit o& mil7 -1L#C/D-1. liters. ".5n )%at ratio must )ater to be mixe' )it% mil7 to gain !D^ b( selling t%e mixture at +ost pri+e; Solution:Bet t%e 9.* o& mil7 be Re 1 per liter T%en S.* o& 1 liter o& mixture - Re.1 Kain obtaine' -!D^. T%ere&ore 9.* o& 1 liter mixture - Rs@1DDL1!DC1A -.L/ 9.* o& 1 liter o& )ater D 9.* o& 1 liter o& mil71

Mean *ri+e .L/ 1L/ .L/

Ratio o& )ater an' mil7 -1L/ : .L/ - 1:.. #.5n )%at ratio must a gro+er mix t)o varieties o& pulses +osting Rs 1. an' Rs !D per Pg respe+tivel( so as to get a mixture )ort% Rs 1/..D per Pg; Solution: 9ost o& 1 Pg pulses o& 1 7in' 1. 9ost o& 1 Pg pulses o& !n' 7in' !D Mean *ri+e Rs 1/..D "..D 1..D

Re1uire' ratio -"..D : 1..D - ".:1. - ?:". .. #Pg s o& ri+e at Rs . per Pg is mixe' )it% $ Pg o& ri+e at Rs / per Pg .2in' t%e average pri+e o& t%e mixture; Solution: ri+e o& . Rs per Pg ri+e o& / Rs per Pg

Average pri+e A) /-A) A)-.

@/-A)AL@A)-.A - #L$ -1L! 1!-!A) - A)-. "A) - 1? A) - ..// per Pg. /..Pg o& ri+e at Rs / per Pg is mixe' )it% # Pg o& ri+e to get a mixture +osting Rs ? per Pg. 2in' t%e pri+e o& t%e +ostlier ri+e; Solution:Using t%e +ross met%o': ri+e at Rs / per Pg ri+e at Rs x per Pg

Mean pri+e Rs ? per Pg . x-?:1-.:# #x-!$ - . #x-""-,x-Rs $.!.. T%ere&ore pri+e o& +ostlier ri+e is Rs $.!. per Pg Me'ium *roblems: 1.A butler stole )ine &rom a butt o& s%err( )%i+% +ontaine' #D^ o& spirit an' %e repla+e' )%at %e %a' stolen b( )ine +ontaining onl( 1/^ spirit. T%e butt )as t%en o& !#^ strengt% onl(. 0o) mu+% o& t%e butt 'i' %e steal; Solution: Mine +ontaining #D^spirit Mine +ontaining 1/^ spirit Mine +ontaining !#^ spirit $ 1/ #

T%e( must be mixe' in t%e ratio o& -1:!. T%us 1L" o& t%e butt o& s%err( )as le&t an' %en+e t%e butler 're) out !L" o& t%e butt. !.T%e average )ee7l( salar( per %ea' o& t%e entire sta&& o& a &a+tor( +onsisting o& supervisors an' t%e laborers is Rs /D.T%e average salar( per %ea' o& t%e supervisors is Rs #DD an' t%at o& t%e laborers is Rs ./.Kiven t%at t%e number o& supervisors is 1!.2in' t%e number o& laborers in t%e &a+tor(. Solution: Average salar( o& laborer Rs ./ Average salar( o& supervisors Rs #DD Average salar( o& entire sta&& Rs /D "#D #

Number o& laborer L Number o& Supervisors - "#D L #-$.L1 T%us i& t%e number o& supervisors is 1 number o& laborers -$.. T%ere&ore i& t%e number o& supervisors is 1! number o& laborers $.C1!-1D!D. ".T%e +ost o& t(pe 1 ri+e is Rs 1. per Pg an' t(pe ! ri+e is Rs !D per Pg. 5& bot% t(pe1 an' t(pe ! are mixe' in t%e ratio o& !:" t%en t%e pri+e per Pg o& t%e mixe' variet( o& ri+e is; Solution:Bet t%e pri+e o& t%e mixe' variet( be Rs x per Pg. 9ost o& 1 Pg o& t(pe 1 ri+e Rs 1. 9ost o& 1 Pg o& t(pe ! ri+e Rs !D Mean *ri+e Rs x !D-x @!D-xA L@ x-1.A - !L" -, /D-"x - !x-"D .x - :D-,x-1$. #.5n )%at ratio must a gro+er mix t)o varieties o& tea )ort% Rs /D a Pg an' Rs /. a Pg so t%at b( selling t%e mixture at Rs /$.!D a Pg %e ma( gain 1D^; Solution:S.* o& 1 Pg o& t%e mixture - Rs /$.!D gain -1D^ S.* o& 1 Pg o& t%e mixture - Rs @1DDL11DC/$.!DA-Rs /!. 9ost o& 1 Pg tea o& 1st 7in' /D 9ost o& 1 Pg tea o& !n' 7in' /. " Mean *ri+e Rs /! ! x-1.

Re1uire' ratio -":!. ..A 'is%onest mil7man pro&esses to sell %is mil7 at +ost pri+e but %e mixes t )it% )ater an' t%ere b( gains !.^ .T%e per+entage o& )ater in t%e mixture is; Solution:Bet 9. * o& 1 liter mil7 be Re 1. T%en S.* o& 1 liter mixture-Re 1. Kain-!.^ 9.* o& 1 liter mixture -Re@1DDL1!.C1A - Re #L.. 9.* o& 1 liter mil7 Re 1 9.* o& 1 liter o& )ater D

Mean *ri+e #L.

#L.

1L.

Ratio o& mil7 to )ater -#L. : 1L. - #:1 0en+e per+entage o& )ater n t%e mixture-1L.C1DD-!D^. 1!.A mer+%ant %as 1DDDPg o& sugar part o& )%i+% %e sells at $^ pro&it an' t%e rest at 1$^ pro&it. 0e gains 1#^ on t%e )%ole. T%e 1uantit( sol' at 1$^ pro&it is; Solution: *ro&it on 1st part $^ *ro&it on !n' part 1$^

Mean *ro&it 1#^ # /

Ratio o& 1st an' !n' parts -#:/ -!:". Nuantit( o& !n' in' -"L.C1DDDPg -/DD Pg. /.A [ar &ull o& )%is7e( +ontains #D^ al+o%ol. A part o& t%is )%is7e( is repla+e' b( anot%er +ontaining 1:^ al+o%ol an' no) t%e per+entage o& al+o%ol )as &oun' to be !/^. T%e 1uantit( o& )%is7e( repla+e' is; Solution: Strengt% o& &irst [ar #D^ Strengt% o& !n' [ar 1:^

Mean Strengt% !/^ ? 1#

So ratio o& 1st an' !n' 1uantities -?:1# -1:! T%ere&ore re1uire' 1uantit( repla+e' -!L". ?.A +ontainer +ontains #Dlit o& mil7. 2rom t%is +ontainer # lit o& mil7 )as ta7en out an' repla+e' b( )ater. T%is pro+ess )as repeate' &urt%er t)o times. 0o) mu+% mil7 is no) +ontaine' b( t%e +ontainer; Solution:Amount o& mil7 le&t a&ter " operations - #D@1-#L#DA"lit -@#DC:L1DC:L1DC:L1DA - !:.1/ lit 9omplex *roblems: 1.Tea )ort% Rs 1!/ per Pg are mixe' )it% a t%ir' variet( in t%e ratio 1:1:!. 5& t%e mixture is )ort% Rs 1." per Pg t%e pri+e o& t%e t%ir' variet( per Pg )ill be; Solution: Sin+e 2irst an' se+on' varieties are mixe' in e1ual proportions so t%eir average pri+e -Rs @1!/61".AL! - 1"D..D. So t%e mixture is &orme' b( mixing t)o varieties one at Rs 1"D..D per Pg an' t%e ot%er at sa( Rs x per Pg in t%e ratio !:! i e 1:1 )e %ave to &in' x. 9osto& 1Pg tea o& 1st 7in' RS 1"D..D 9osto& 1Pg tea o& !n ' 7in' Rs x. Mean *ri+e Rs 1." x-1." @x-1."AL!!.. - 1 -,x-1." - !!.. !!..D

x - 1?...D. *ri+e o& t%e t%ir' variet( -Rs 1?...D per Pg. !.T%e mil7 an' )ater in t)o vessels A an' B are in t%e ratio #:" an' !:" respe+tivel(. 5n )%at ratio t%e li1ui's in bot% t%e vessels be mixe' to obtain a ne) mixture in vessel + +onsisting %al& mil7 an' %al& )ater; Solution:Bet t%e 9.* o& mil7 be Re 1 per liter. Mil7 in 1 liter mixture o& A - #L? liter. Mil7 in 1 liter mixture o& B - !L. liter. Mil7 in 1 liter mixture o& 9 - 1L! liter. 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in A-Re #L? 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in B-Re !L.. Mean *ri+e - Re 1L!. B( rule o& allegation )e %ave: 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in A 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in B #L? !L. Mean *ri+e 3O 1L1D 1L1#

Re1uire' ratio - 1L1D : 1L1# - ?:.. ".0o) man( Pg s o& )%eat +osting %im Rs 1.!D Rs 1.## an' Rs 1.?# per Pg so t%at t%e mixture ma( be )ort% Rs 1.#1 per Pg; Solution: Step1:Mix )%eat o& &irst an' t%ir' 7in' to get a mixture )ort% Rs 1.#1 per Pg. 9.* o& 1 Pg )%eat o& 1st 7in' 1!Dp 9.* o& 1 Pg )%eat o& "r' 7in' 1?#p Mean *ri+e 1#1p "" !1

T%e( must be mixe' in t%e ratio -"":!1 - 11:? Step!:Mix )%eats o& 1st an' !n ' 7in' to obtain a mixture )ort% o& 1.#1.per Pg.

9.* o& 1 Pg )%eat o& 1st 7in' 1!Dp 9.* o& 1 Pg )%eat o& !n ' 7in' 1##p Mean *ri+e 1#1p " !1

T%e( must be mixe' in t%e ratio - ":!1-1:?. T%us Nuantit( o& !n ' 7in' o& )%eat L Nuantit( o& "r' 7in' o& )%eat - ?L1C11L?- 11L1 Nuantities o& )%eat o& 1st :!n ':"r' - 11:??:?. #.T)o vessels A an' B +ontain spirit an' )ater mixe' in t%e ratio .:! an' ?:/ respe+tivel(. 2in' t%e ratio n )%i+% t%ese mixture be mixe' to obtain a ne) mixture in vessel + +ontaining spirit an' )ater in t%e ratio $:.; Solution:Bet t%e 9.* o& spirit be Re 1 per liter. Spirit in 1 liter mix o& A - .L? liter. 9.* o& 1 liter mix in A -.L?.

Spirit in 9.* o& 1 Spirit in 9.* o& 1

1 liter mix o& liter mix in B 1 liter mix o& liter mix in 9

B - ?L1" liter. -?L1". 9 - $L1" liter. -$L1".

9.* o& 1 liter mixture in A .L? 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in B ?L1" Mean *ri+e $L1" 1L1" :L:1

T%ere&ore re1uire' ratio - 1L1" : :L:1 - ?::. ..A mil7 ven'or %as ! +ans o& mil7 .T%e &irst +ontains .^ )ater an' t%e rest mil7. T%e se+on' +ontains .D^ )ater. 0o) mu+% mil7 s%oul' %e mix &rom ea+% o& t%e +ontainer so as to get 1! liters o& mil7 su+% t%at t%e ratio o& )ater to mil7 is ":.; Solution:Bet +ost o& 1 liter mil7 be Re 1. Mil7 in 1 liter mixture in 1st +an - "L# lit. 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in 1st +an -Re "L# Mil7 in 1 liter mixture in !n ' +an - 1L! lit. 9.* o& 1 liter mixture in !n ' +an -Re 1L! Mil7 in 1 liter &inal mixture - .L$ lit. Mean *ri+e - Re .L$. 9.* o& 1 lt mix in 1st Re"L# 9.* o& 1 lt mix in !n' Re1L! Mean *ri+e .L$ 1L$ 1L$

T%ere ratio o& t)o mixtures -1L$ :1L$ - 1:1. So 1uantit( o& mixture ta7en &rom ea+% +an-1L!C1! - / liters. /.Jne 1uantit( o& )%eat at Rs :."D p er Pg are mixe' )it% anot%er 1ualit( at a +ertain rate in t%e ratio $:?. 5& t%e mixture so &orme' be )ort% Rs 1D per Pg )%at is t%e rate per Pg o& t%e se+on' 1ualit( o& )%eat; Solution:Bet t%e rate o& se+on' 1ualit( be Rs x per Pg. 9.* o& 1Pg )%eat o& 1st :$Dp 9.* o& 1 Pg )%eat o& !n' 1DDx p Mean *ri+e 1DDDp 1DDx-1DDDp ?D p

@1DDx-1DDDA L ?D - $L? ?DDx -?DDD - ./D ?DDx - ?./D -,x - Rs 1D.$D. T%ere&ore t%e rate o& se+on' 1ualit( is Rs1D.$D ?.$lit are 'ra)n &rom a )ine an' is t%en &ille' )it% )ater. T%is operation is per&orme' t%ree more times.T%e ratio o& t%e 1uantit( o& )ine no) le&t in +as7 to t%at o& t%e )ater is 1/:$1. 0o) mu+% )ine 'i' t%e +as7 %ol' originall(; Solution: Bet t%e 1uantit( o& t%e )ine in t%e +as7 originall( be x liters. T%en 1uantit( o& )ine le&t in +as7 a&ter # operations - x@1- $LxA#lit. T%ere&ore x@@1-@$LxAA#ALx - 1/L$1.

@1- $LxA#-@!L"A # @x- $ALx-!L" "x-!# -!x x-!#. $.A +an +ontains a mixture o& t)o li1ui's A an' B in t%e ratio ?:. )%en : liters o& mixture are 'ra)n o&& an' t%e +an is &ille' )it% B t%e ratio o& A an' B be+omes ?::. 0o) man( liters o& li1ui' A )as +ontaine' b( t%e +an initiall(; Solution: Suppose t%e +an initiall( +ontains ?x an' .x liters o& mixtures A an' B respe+tivel( . Nuantit( o& A in mixture le&t - @?x- @?L1!AC: Alit - ?x - @!1L#A liters. Nuantit( o& B in mixture le&t - .x - .L1!C: - .x - @1.L#A liters T%ere&ore @?x <ST !1L#AL @.x <ST 1.L#6:A-?L: @!$x-!1AL@!Dx 6!1A- ?L: @!.!x -1$:A- 1#Dx 61#? 11!x - ""/ -, x-". So t%e +an +ontains !1 liters o& A. :.A vessel is &ille' )it% li1ui' " parts o& )%i+% are )ater an' . parts s(rup. 0o) mu+% o& t%e mixture must be 'ra)n o&& an' repla+e' )it% )ater so t%at t%e mixture ma( be %al& )ater an' %al& s(rup; Solution: Suppose t%e vessal initiall( +ontains $ liters o& li1ui'. Bet x liters o& t%is li1ui' be repla+e' )it% )ater t%en 1uantit( o& )ater in ne) mixture - "-@"xL$A6x liters. Nuantit( o& s(rup in ne) mixture - . - .xL$ liters. T%ere&ore " - "xL$ 6x - . - .xL$ .x6!# - #D-.x 1Dx - 1/. x- $L.. So part o& t%e mixture repla+e' - $L.C1L$ -1L.. S5M*BE 5NTEREST 9JN9E*T -,*rin+ipal or Sum:- T%e mone( borro)e' or lent out &or a +ertain perio' is +alle' *rin+ipal or t%e Sum.

-,5nterest:- Extra mone( pai' &or using ot%ers mone( is +alle' 5nterest. -,Simple 5nterest:- 5& t%e interest on a sum borro)e' &or a +ertain perio' is re+7one' uni&orml( t%en it is +alle' Simple 5nterest. -,2ormulae:*rin+ipal - * Rate - R^ per annum Time - T (ears. T%en @iASimple [email protected] @*CTCRAL1DD @iiA *rin+ipal@*A - @1DDCS.5AL@RCTA Rate@RA - @1DDCS.5AL@*CTA Time@TA - @1DDCS.5AL@*CRA S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1.2in' S.5 on Rs/$DDD at 1/ !L"^ per annum &or :mont%s. Sol:*-/$DDD R-.DL"^ p.a T-:L1! (ears-#L" (ears S.5-@*CRCTAL1DD

-@/[email protected]"AC@"L#AC@1L1DDAA -Rs $.DD Note:- 5& mont%s are given )e %ave to +onverte' into (ears b( 'ivi'ing 1! ie. no.o& mont%sL1!-(ears @!A2in' S.5 on Rs"DDD at 1$^ per annum &or t%e perio' &rom #t% 2eb to 1$t% April 1::. Sol:Time-@!#6"161$A'a(s -?" 'a(s -?"L"/.-1L. (ears *- Rs "DDD R- 1$^ p.a S.5 - @*CRCTAL1DD -@"DDDC1$C1L.C1L1DDA -Rs 1D$ Remar7:- T%e 'a( on )%i+% mone( is 'eposite' is not +ounte' )%ile t%e 'a( on )%i+% mone( is )it%'ra)n is +ounte'. ". 5n %o) man( (ears )ill a sum o& mone( be+omes triple at 1D^ per annum. Sol:- Bet prin+ipal -* S.5 - !* S.5 - @*CTCRAL1DD !* - @*CTC1DAL1DD T - !D (ears Note:-@5A Total amount - *rin+ipal 6 S.5 @!A 5& sum o& mone( be+omes 'ouble means Total amount or Sum - *rin+ipal 6 S.5 - * 6 * - !* MEE5UM *RJBBEMS 1. A sum at Simple interest at 1" 1L!^ per annum amounts to Rs !.D!..D a&ter # (ears.2in' t%e sum. Sol:- Bet Sum be x. t%en S.5 - @*CTCRAL1DD - @@xC#C!?AL@1DDC!AA - !?xL1DD Amount - @x6@!?xAL1DDA - ??xL.D ??xL.D - !.D!..D x - @!.D!..DC.DAL?? - 1/!. Sum - 1/!. !. A some o& mone( be+omes 'ouble o& itsel& in # (ears in 1! (ears it )ill be+ome %o) man( times at t%e same rate. Sol:# (rs - - - - - - - - - * 1! (rs - - - - - - - - - ; @1!L#AC * -"* Amount or Sum - *6"* - # times ". A Sum )as put at S.5 at a +ertain rate &or " (ears.0a' it been put at !^ %ig%er rate it )oul' %ave &et+%e' Rs "/D more .2in' t%e Sum. Sol:Bet Sum -* original rate - R T - " (ears 5& !^ is more t%an t%e original rate it )oul' %ave &et+%e' "/D more ie. R6! @*C@R6!AC"L1DDA - @*CRC"AL1DD - "/D "*R6 /*-"*R - "/DDD /* - "/DDD * - /DDD Sum - /DDD. #.Rs $DD amounts to Rs :!D in "(rs at S.5.5& t%e interest rate is in+rease' b( "^ it )oul' amount to %o) mu+%; Sol:S.5 - :!D - $DD - 1!D Rate - @1DDC1!DAL@$DDC"A - .^ Ne) Rate - . 6 " - $^ *rin+ipal - $DD Time - " (rs

S.5 - @$DDC$C"AL1DD - 1:! Ne) Amount - $DD 6 1:! - ::! .. *rab%at too7 a +ertain amount as a loan &rom ban7 at t%e rate o& $^ p.a S.5 an' gave t%e same amount to As%is% as a loan at t%e rate o& 1!^ p.a . 5& at t%e en' o& 1! (rs %e ma'e a pro&it o& Rs. "!D in t%e 'eal M%at )as t%e original amount; Sol:Bet t%e original amount be Rs x. T - 1! R1 - $^ R! - 1!^ *ro&it - "!D *-x @*CTCR!AL1DD - @*CTCR1AL1DD -"!D @xC1!C1!AL1DD - @xC$C1!AL1DD - "!D x - !DDDL" x - Rs.///./? /. Simple 5nterest on a +ertail sum at a +ertain rate is :L1/ o& t%e sum . i& t%e number representing rate per+ent an' time in (ears be e1ual t%en t%e rate is. Sol:Bet Sum - x .T%en S.5 - :xL1/ Bet time - n (ears \ rate - n^ n - 1DD C :xL1/ C 1Lx C 1Ln n C n - :DDL1/ n - "DL# - ? 1L!^

9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1. A +ertain sum o& mone( amounts t 1/$D in "(rs \ it be+omes 1:!D in ? (rs .M%at is t%e sum. Sol:" (rs - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1/$D ? (rs - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1:!D t%en # (rs - - - - - - - - - - - - - !#D 1 (r - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; @1L#A C !#D - /D S.5 in " (rs - "C/D - 1$D1! Sum - Amount - S.5 - 1/$D - 1$D - 1.DD )e get t%e same amount i& )e ta7e S.5 in ? (rs 5.e. ?C/D -#!D Sum - Amount - S.5 - 1:!D - #!D - 1.DD !. A *erson ta7es a loan o& Rs !DD at .^ simple 5nterest. 0e returns Rs.1DD at t%e en' o& 1 (r. 5n or'er to +lear %is 'ues at t%e en' o& !(rs %e )oul' pa(: Sol:Amount to be pai' - Rs@1DD 6 @!DDC.C1AL1DD 6 @1DDC.C1AL1DDA - Rs 11. ". A Man borro)e' Rs !#DDD &rom t)o mone( len'ers.2or one loan %e pai' 1.^ per annum an' &or ot%er 1$^ per annum .At t%e en' o& one (ear %e pai' Rs.#D.D.0o) mu+% 'i' %e borro)e' at ea+% rate; Sol:Bet t%e Sum at 1.^ be Rs.x \ t%en at 1$^ be Rs @!#DDD-xA *1 - x R1 - 1. *! - @!#DDD-xA R! - 1$ At t%e en' o& ine (ear T - 1 @*1CTCR1AL1DD 6 @*!CTCR!AL1DD - #D.D @xC1C1.AL1DD 6 @@!#DDD-xAC1C1$AL1DD - #D.D 1.x 6 #"!DDD - 1$x - #D.DDD x - :DDD Mone( borro)e' at 1.^ - :DDD Mone( borro)e' at 1$^ - @!#DDD - :DDDA - 1.DDD #. M%at annual instalment )ill 'is+%arge a 'ebt o& Rs. 1D:! 'ue in " (ears at 1!^ Simple 5nterest ;

Sol:-

Bet ea+% instalment be Rs x

@x 6 @x C 1! C 1AL1DDA 6 @x 6 @x C 1! C !AL1DDA 6 x - 1D:! !$xL!. 6 "1xL!. 6 x -1D:! @!$x 6"1x 6 !.xA - @1D:! C !.A $#x - 1D:! C !. x - @1D:!C!.AL$# - "!. Ea+% instalement - "!. .. 5& x ( G are t%ree sums o& mone( su+% t%at ( is t%e simple interest on x G is t%e simple interest on ( &or t%e same time an' at t%e same rate o& interest t%en )e %ave: Sol:( is simple interest on x means ( - @xCRCTAL1DD RT - 1DD(Lx G is simple interest on ( G - @(CRCTAL1DD RT - 1DDGL( 1DD(Lx - 1DDGL( ( C ( - xG /.A Sum o& Rs.1..D )as lent partl( at .^ an' partl( at .^ an' partl( at $^ p.a Simple interest .T%e total interest re+eive' a&ter " (ears )as Rs."DD.T%e ratio o& t%e mone( lent at .^ to t%at lent at $^ is: Sol:Bet t%e Sum at .^ be Rs x at $^ be [email protected] @xC.C"AL1DD 6 @@1.DD-xAC$C"AL1DD - "DD 1.x 6 1.DD C !# - !#x - "DDDD x - $DD Mone( at .^L Mone( at $^ - [email protected] - $DDA - $DDL?.D - 1/L1. ?. A Man invests a +ertain sum o& mone( at /^ p.a Simple interest an' anot%er sum at ?^ p.a Simple interest. 0is in+ome &rom interest a&ter ! (ears )as Rs ".# .one &ourt% o& t%e &irst sum is e1ual to one &i&t% o& t%e se+on' sum.T%e total sum investe' )as: Sol:Bet t%e sums be x \ ( R1 - / R! - ? T-! @*1CR1CTAL1DD 6 @*!CR!CTAL1DD - ".# @x C / C !AL1DD 6 @( C ? C !AL1DD - ".# /x 6 ?( - 1??DD <Se<Se<Se@1A also one &ourt% o& t%e &irst sum is e1ual to one &i&t% o& t%e se+on' sum xL# - (L. -, .x - #( - D <Se<Se @!A B( solving 1 \ ! )e get x - 1!DD ( - 1.DD Total sum - 1!DD 61.DD - !?DD $. Rs !1$: are 'ivi'e' into t%ree parts su+% t%at t%eir amounts a&ter 1 !\ " (ears respe+tivel( ma( be e1ual t%e rate o& S.5 being #^ p.a in all +ases. T%e Smallest part is: Sol:Bet t%ese parts be x ( an'Q!1$:-@x6(AR t%en @xC1C#AL1DD - @(C!C#AL1DD - @!1$:-@x6(AAC"C#L1DD #xL1DD - $(L1DD x - !( B( substituting values @!(C1C#AL1DD - @!1$:-"(AC"C#L1DD ##( - !1$: C1! ( - .:? Smallest *art - .:? :. A man investe' "L" o& %is +apital at ?^ 1L# at $^ an' t%e remain'er at 1D^ 5& %is annual in+ome is Rs../1. T%e +apital is: Sol:Bet t%e +apital be Rs.x T%en @xL" C ?L1DD C 1A 6 @ xL# C $L1DD C 1A 6 @.xL1! C 1DL1DD C 1A - ./1 ?xL"DD 6 xL.D 6 xL!# - ./1 .1x - ./1 C /DD

x - //DD

9JM*JUNE 5NTEREST 9JN9E*T 9ompoun' 5nterest:Sometimes it so %appens t%at t%e borro)er an' t%e len'er agree to &ix up a +ertain unit o& time sa( (earl( or %al&-(earl( or 1uarterl( to settle t%e previous a++ount. 5n su+% +ases t%e amount a&ter t%e &irst unit o& time be+omes t%e prin+ipal &or t%e !n' unit t%e amount a&ter se+on' unit be+omes t%e prin+ipal &or t%e "r' unit an' so on. A&ter a spe+i&ie' perio' t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%e amount an' t%e mone( borro)e' is +alle' 9ompoun' 5nterest &or t%at perio'. 2ormulae: Bet prin+ipal-p Rate-R^ per annum Time-n(ears 1.M%en interest is +ompoun'e' Annuall( Amount-*Q16@RL1DDARn !.M%en interest is +ompoun'e' 0al&(earl( Amount-*Q16@@RL!A1DDAR!n ".M%en interest is +ompoun'e' Nuaterl( Amount-*Q16@@RL#A1DDAR#n #.M%en interest is +ompoun'e' Annuall( but time in &ra+tions sa( " !L. (rs Amount-*Q16@RL1DDAR"Q16@@!RL.AL1DDAR ..M%en rates are 'i&&erent &or 'i&&erent (ears R1^ R!^ R"^ &or 1st !n' "r' (rs respe+tivel( Amount-*Q16@R1L1DDARQ16@R!L1DDARQ16@R"L1DDAR /.*resent Mort% o& Rs.a 'ue n (ears %en+e is given b( *resent Mort%-aLQ16@RL1DDARn S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1.2in' 95 on Rs./!.D at 1/^ per annum &or !(rs +ompoun'e' annuall(. Sol: Rate R-1/ n-! *rin+iple-Rs./!.D Met%o'1: Amount-*Q16@RL1DDARn -/!.DQ16@1/L1DDAR! -Rs.$#1D 9.5-Amount-* -$#1D-/!.D -Rs.!1/D Met%o'!: 5(ear------------------/!.D61DDD ff5nterest &or 1st (r on /!.D 55 (r---------------/!.D61DDD61/D ff5nterest &or 51(r on 1DDD 9.5.-1DDD61DDD61/D -Rs.!1/D !.2in' 9.5 on Rs.1/DDD at !D^ per annum &or : mont%s +ompoun'e' 1uaterl( Sol: Met%o'5: R-!D^ 1!mont%s------------------------!D^ -, " mont%s------------------------.^ 2or : mont%s t%ere are F"F "mont%s --------1/DDD6$DD --------1/DDD6$DD6#D --------1/DDD6$DD6#D61D6! -,Rs.!.!!

Met%o'55: Amount-*Q16@RL1DDARn -1/[email protected]" -Rs.1$.!! 9.5-1$.!!-1/DDD -Rs.!.!! MEE5UM *RJBBEMS 1.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een 9.5 an' S.5. on a +ertain sum at 1D^ per annum &or ! (rs is Rs./"1.&in' t%e sum Sol: Met%o'5: NJTE: aA 2or ! (rs --------,sum-@1DD!ELR!A bA 2or " (rs --------,sum-@1DD"ELR!@"DD6RAA Sum-1DD!C/"1L1D! -Rs./"1DD Met%o'55: Bet t%e sum be Rs.a T%en 9.5.-aQ16@1DL1DDAR!-a S.5-@aC1DC!AL1DD -aL. 9.5-S.5.-!1aL1DD-aL. -aL1DD aL1DD-/"1 a-Rs./"1DD !.5& 9.5 on a +ertain sum &or ! (rs at 1!^ per annum is Rs.1.:D. M%at )oul' be S.5; sol: 9.5.-Amount-*rin+iple Bet * be a 9.5-aQ16@1!L1DDAR!-a -,?$#aL/!.-a-1.:D -,a-Rs./!.D S.5-@/!.DC1!C!AL1DD-Rs.1.DD ".A sum o& mone( amounts to Rs.//:D a&ter " (rs an' to Rs.1DD".b a&ter / (rs on 9.5 .&in' t%e sum sol: 2or " (rs Amount-*Q16@RL1DDAR"-//:D-----------------------@1A 2or / (rs Amount-*Q16@RL1DDAR/-1DD".----------------------@!A @1AL@!A------------Q16@RL1DDAR"-1DD".L//:D -"L! Q16@RL1DDAR"-"L!-----------------@"A substitue @"A in @1A pC@"L!A-//:D -,p-Rs.##/D sum-Rs.##/D #.A sum o& mone( 'oubles itsel& at 9.5 in 1.(rs.5n %o) man( (rs )ill it be+ome $ times; sol: 9ompoun' 5nterest &or 1.(rs pQ16@RL1DDAR1. [email protected]!* -,pQ16@RL1DDARn-$* -,Q16@RL1DDARn-$ -,Q16@RL1DDARn-!" -,Q16@[email protected]" sin+e Q16@RL1DDAR -! n-#.(rs ..T%e amount o& Rs.?.DD at 9.5 at #^ per annum &or !(rs is sol: 5(ear------------------?.DD6"DD@"DD------5nterest on ?.DDA

55(ear ----------------?.DD6"DD61!@1!------------#^ interest on "DDA Amount-?.DD6"DD6"DD61! -Rs.$11! /.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een 9.5 an' S.5 on a sum o& mone( &or ! (rs at 1!1L!^ per annum is Rs.1.D.t%e sum is sol: Sum-1DD!ELR!-@ 1DD!C1.DA L@!.L!A!-Rs.:/DD ?.5& t%e S.5 on sum o& mone( at 1.^ per annum &or "(rs is Rs.1!DD t%e 9.5 on t%e same sum &or t%e same perio' at same rate is--------sol: S.5-1!DD *CTCRL1DD-1!DD *C"C.L1DD-1!DD -,*-Rs.$DDD 9.5 &or Rs.$DDD at .^ &or " (rs is-------------$DDD6#DD -------------$DDD6#DD6!D -------------$DDD6#DD6!D6!D61 9.5 -#DD6#DD6!D6#DD6!D6!D61 -Rs.1!/1 9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1.A +ertain sum amounts to Rs.?".D in ! (rs an' to Rs.$.?. in " (rs.2in' t%e sum an' rate^; sol: S.5. on Rs.?".D &or 1(r -Rs.@$.?.-?".DA -Rs.1!!. S.5. on Rs.?".D &or !(rs-Rs.!C1!!. -Rs.!#.D *TRL1DD-!#.D -,*C!CRL1DD-!#.D Sin+e S.5. on Rs.?".D &or 1(r -Rs.@$.?.-?".DA -Rs.1!!. Rate R-1DDC1!!.L@?".DC1D -1/ !L"^ Sin+e it is 9.5 Bet sum be Rs.a T%en aQ16@RL1DDAR!-?".D -,[email protected]!-?".D -,a-?".DC@"/L#:A Sum-Rs..#DD !.5& t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een 9.5 +ompoun'e' %al&(earl( an' S.5 on a sum at 1D^ per annum &or one (r is Rs.!. t%e sum is sol: pQ16@@RL!AL1DDAR!n-*TRL1DD-!. *Q16@@1DL!AL1DDAR!n-*C1C1DL1DD-!. -,*-Rs.#DD ".A man borro)e' Rs.$DD at 1D ^ per annum S.5 an' imme'iatel( lent t%e )%ole sum at 1D^ per annum 9.5 M%at 'oes %e gain at t%e en' o& !(rs; sol: 9.5.-Rs.Q$DDQ16@1DL1DDA!R-$DDR-Rs.1/$ S.5-Rs.Q$DDC1DC!L1DDR-Rs.1/D Kain-9.5-S.5-Rs@1/$-1/DA -Rs.$ #.Jn )%at sum o& mone( )ill be S.5 &or " (rs at $^ per annum be %al& o& 9.5 on Rs.#DD &or ! (rs at 1D^ per annum; sol: 9.5 on Rs.#DD &or !(rs at 1D^-Rs.Q#DDCQ16@1DL1DDAR!-#DDR -Rs.$# Re1uire' S.5 -1L!C$#-#!LNe) S.5-Rs.#! Time-"(rs Rate-$^ Sum-Rs.Q1DDC#!L@"C$AR

-Rs.1?. ..A sum o& mone( pla+e' at 9.5 'oubles itsel& in .(rs .5t )ill amount to $ times itsel& in------------sol: [email protected]!* -,[email protected]! To be+ome $ times -,$* [email protected]!c"* -Q16@[email protected]"A -Q16@RL1DDARc1. n-1.(ears AREAS 5mportant 2a+ts an' 2ormula: RESUBTS JN TR5ANKBE 1.Sum o& t%e angles o& a triangle is 1$D 'egrees. !.T%e sum o& an( t)o si'es o& a triangle is greater t%an t%ir' si'e. ".*YT0AKJRAS T%eorem: 5n a rig%t angle' triangle @0(potenuseA! - @BaseA! 6@0eig%tA! #.T%e line [oining t%e mi' point o& a si'e o& a triangle to t%e opposite vertex is +alle' t%e MEE5AN. ..T%e point )%ere t%e t%ree me'ians o& a triangle meet is +alle' 9ENTRJ5E. T%e +entroi' 'ivi'es ea+% o& t%e me'ians in t%e ratio !:1 /.5n an isos+eles triangle t%e altitu'e &rom t%e vertex bise+ts t%e base ?.T%e me'ian o& a triangle 'ivi'es it into t)o triangles o& t%e same area. $.T%e area o& t%e triangle &orme' b( [oining t%e mi' points o& t%e si'es o& a given triangle is one-&ourt% o& t%e area o& t%e given triangle. RESUBTS JN NUAER5BATERABS 1.T%e 'iagonals o& a *arallelogram bise+t ea+% ot%er. !.Ea+% 'iagonal o& a *arallelogram 'ivi'es it into t)o triangles o& t%e same area. ".T%e 'iagonals o& a Re+tangle are e1ual an' bise+t ea+% ot%er #.T%e 'iagonals o& a S1uare are e1ual an' bise+t ea+% ot%er at rig%t angles. ..T%e 'iagonals o& a R%ombus are une1ual an' bise+t ea+% ot%er at rig%t angles. /.A *arallelogram an' a Re+tangle on t%e same base an' bet)een t%e same parallels are e1ual in area. ?.J& all %e parallelogram o& given si'es t%e parallelogram )%i+% is a re+tangle %as t%e greatest area. 2JRMUBAE 1.Area o& a RE9TANKBE - lengt% C brea't%

Bengt% - @AreaLBrea't%A an' Brea't% - @AreaLBengt%A !.*erimeter o& a RE9TANKBE - !@Bengt% 6 Brea't%A ".Area o& a SNUARE - @si'eA! - 3O @ EiagonalA! #.Area o& &our )alls o& a room - !@lengt% 6 brea't%A C %eig%t ..Area o& a TR5ANKBE - 3O C base C %eig%t /.Area o& a TR5ANKBE - <=>Qs C @s-aA C @s-bA C @s-+AR )%ere a b + are t%e si'es o& t%e triangle an' s - 1L!@a6b6+A ?.Area o& ENU5BATERAB TR5ANKBE - <=>@"L#AC @si'eA! $.Ra'ius o& in +ir+le o& an ENU5BATERAB TR5ANKBE o& si'e a - r L !<=>" :.Ra'ius o& +ir+um+ir+le o& an ENU5BATERAB TR5ANKBE o& si'e a - r L <=>" 1D.Ra'ius o& in+ir+le o& a triangle o& area <=g an' semi perimeter S - <=g L s 11.Area o& a *ARABBEBJKRAM - @base C %eig%tA 1!.Area o& R0JMBUS - 1L! @pro'u+t o& 'iagonalsA 1".Area o& TRA*E85UM -1L! C @sum o& parallel si'esAC @'istan+e bet)een t%emA 1#.Area o& a 95R9BE - hij r! )%ere r is t%e ra'ius 1..9ir+um&eren+e o& a 95R9BE - !hijr 1/.Bengt% o& an ar+ - ! hijrkl L "/D )%ere kl is +entral angle 1?.Area o& a SE9TJR - 3O @ar+ C rA - hijr!kl L "/D 1$.Area o& a SEM595R9BE - hijr! L ! 1:.9ir+um&eren+e o& a SEM595R9BE - hijr Simple *roblems: 1.Jne si'e o& a re+tangular &iel' is 1.m an' one o& its 'iagonal is 1?m. 2in' t%e area o& &iel'; Sol:Jt%er si'e - <=>Q@1?C1?A <ST @1.C1.AR - <=>@!$:-!!.A - $m Area - 1. C $ -1!D s1. m !.A la)n is in t%e &orm o& a re+tangle %aving its si'es in t%e ratio !:" T%e area o& t%e la)n is 1L/ %e+tares. 2in' t%e lengt% an' brea't% o& t%e la)n. Sol: let lengt% - !x meters an' brea't% - "x mt No) area - @1L/ C 1DDDAs1 m - .DDDL" s1 m !x C "x - .DDDL" -,x C x -!.DD L : x - .DL" lengt% - !x - 1DDL" m an' brea't% - "x - "[email protected]"A - .Dm ".2in' t%e +ost o& +arpeting a room 1"m long an' :m broa' )it% a +arpet ?.+m )i'e at t%e rate o& Rs 1!.#D per s1 meter Sol: Area o& t%e +arpet - Area o& t%e room - 1"C : -11? s1 m

lengt% o& t%e +arpet - @AreaL)i't%A - 11? C @#L"A - 1./ m 9ost o& +arpeting - Rs @1./ C 1!.#DA - Rs 1:"#.#D #.T%e lengt% o& a re+tangle is t)i+e its brea't% i& its lengt% is 'e+rease' b( .+m an' brea't% is in+rease' b( .+m t%e area o& t%e re+tangle is in+rease' b( ?. s1 +m. 2in' t%e lengt% o& t%e re+tangle. Sol: let lengt% - !x an' brea't% - x t%en @!x-.A @x6.A <ST @!xCxA-?. .x-!. - ?. -, x-!D lengt% o& t%e re+tangle - #D +m ..5n measuring t%e si'es o& a re+tangle one si'e is ta7en .^ in ex+ess an' t%e ot%er #^ in 'e&i+it. 2in' t%e error per+ent in t%e area +al+ulate &rom t%e t%ose measurements. Sol: let x an' ( be t%e si'es o& t%e re+tangle t%en +orre+t area - @1D.L1DD C xA C @:/ L 1DD C(A [email protected]#L.DD x(A <ST x( - #L.DD x( Error^ - #L.DD x(C@1Lx(AC1DD ^ - #L.^ - D.$^ /.A room is %al& as long again as it is broa'. T%e +ost o& +arpeting t%e room at Rs . per s1 m is Rs !.?D an' t%e +ost o& papering t%e &our )alls at Rs 1D per s1 m is Rs 1?!D. 5& a 'oor an' ! )in'o)s o++up( $ s1 +m. 2in' t%e 'imensions o& t%e room; Sol: let brea't%-x mt lengt%- "xL! mt an' %eig%t-% mt

Area o& t%e &loor - @total +ost o& +arpeting LrateA - !?DL. s1 m - .# s1 m x C "xL!-.# -, xCx- .#C@!L"A-"/ -, x - /m so brea't% - /m an' lengt%-"L!C/ - :m no) papere' area - 1?!D L1D - 1?! s1 m Area o& one 'oor an' ! )in'o)s -$ s1 m total area o& # )alls - 1?!6$ - 1$D s1 m !@:6/AC% - 1$D -, %-1$DL"D - /m ?.T%e altitu'e 'ra)n to t%e base o& an isos+eles triangle is $+m an' t%e perimeter is "!+m. 2in' t%e area o& t%e triangle; Sol: let AB9 be t%e isos+eles triangle t%e AE be t%e altitu'e let AB - A9-x t%en B9- "!-!x sin+e in an iso+eles triange t%e altitu'e bise+ts t%e base so BE-E9-1/-x in <=gAE9 @A9A ! - @AEA ! 6 @E9A ! xCx-@$C$A 6 @1/-xAC@1/-xA "!x -"!D -, x - 1D B9 - "!-!x - "!-!D - 1! +m 0en+e re1uire' area - 3O C B9 C AE

- 3O C 1! C 1D - /D s1 +m $.5& ea+% si'e o& a s1uare is in+rease' b( !.^ &in' t%e per+entage +%ange in its area; Sol: let ea+% si'e o& t%e s1uare be a t%en area - a C a Ne) si'e - 1!.a L 1DD - .a L # Ne) area [email protected] C .aAL@#C#A - @!.a34L1/A <ST a34 - :a34L1/ 5n+rease ^- :a34L1/ C 1La34 C 1DD^ - ./.!.^ :.2in' t%e area o& a R%ombus one si'e o& )%i+% measures !D+m an' one 'iagonal !#+m. Sol: Bet ot%er 'iagonal - !x +m sin+e 'iagonals o& a r%ombus bise+t ea+% ot%er at rig%t angles )e %ave !D34 - 1!34 6 x34 -, x - <=>Q!D34 -1!34R- <=>!./ - 1/+m so t%e 'iagonal - "! +m Area o& r%ombus - 3O C pro'u+t o& 'iagonals - 3O C !# C "! - "$# s1 +m 1D. T%e area o& a +ir+ular &iel' is 1".$/ %e+tares. 2in' t%e +ost o& &en+ing it at t%e rate o& Rs. #.#D per meter. Sol: Area - 1".$/ C 1DDDD s1 m - 1"$/DD s1 m

hijr34- 1"$/DD -, r34 - 1"$/DD C ?L!! -, !1D m +ir+um&eren+e - !hijr - ! C !!L? C !1Dm - 1"!D m +ost o& &en+ing - Rs 1"!D C #.#D - Rs. .$D$ Me'ium *roblems: 11.2in' t%e ratio o& t%e areas o& t%e in+ir+le an' +ir+um+ir+le o& a s1uare. Sol: let t%e si'e o& t%e s1uare be x t%en its 'iagonal - <=>! x ra'ius o& in+ir+le - xL! an' ra'ius o& +ir+m+ir+le -<=>! x L! - xL<=>! re1uire' ratio - hijx34L# : hijx34L! - 3Z : 3O - 1:! 1!.5& t%e ra'ius o& a +ir+le is 'e+rease' b( .D^ &in' t%e per+entage 'e+rease in its area. Sol: let original ra'ius - r an' ne) ra'ius - .DL1DD r - rL! original area - hijr34 an' ne) area - hij@rL!A34 'e+rease in area - " hijr34L# C 1L hijr34 C 1DD - ?.^ 1".T)o +on+entri+ +ir+les &orm a ring. T%e inner an' outer +ir+um&eren+e o& t%e ring are ".!L? m an' .!$L?m respe+tivel(. 2in' t%e )i't% o& t%e ring. sol: let t%e inner an' outer ra'ii be r an' R meters t%en !hijr - ".!L? -, r - ".!L? C ?L!! C 3O - $m !hijR - .!$L? -, R- .!$L? C ?L!! C 3O - 1!m )i't% o& t%e ring - R-r - 1!-$ - #m 1#.5& t%e 'iagonal o& a re+tangle is 1?+m long an' its perimeter is #/ +m. 2in' t%e area o& t%e re+tangle. sol: let lengt% - x an' brea't% - ( t%en !@x6(A - #/ -, x6( - !" x346(34 - 1?34 - !$:

no) @x6(A34 - !"34 -,x346(346!x(- .!: !$:6 !x( - .!: -, x( - 1!D area -x(-1!D s1. +m 1..A re+tangular grass( plot 11Dm b( /.+m %as a gravel pat% ..+m )i'e all roun' it on t%e insi'e. 2in' t%e +ost o& gravelling t%e pat% at $D paise per s1.mt sol: area o& t%eplot - 11D C /. - ?1.D s1 m area o& t%e plot ex+lu'ing t%e pat% - @11D-.AC @/.-.A - /"DD s1 m area o& t%e pat% - ?1.D- /"DD -$.D s1 m +ost o& gravelling t%e pat% - $.D C $DL1DD - /$D Rs 1/. T%e perimeters o& tt)o s1uares are #D+m an' "! +m. 2in' t%e perimeter o& a t%ir' s1uare )%ose area is e1ual to t%e 'i&&eren+e o& t%e areas o& t%e t)o s1uares. sol: si'e o& &irst s1uare - #DL# -1D+m si'e o& se+on' s1uare - "!L# - $+m area o& t%ir' s1ure - 1D34 <ST $34 - "/ s1 +m si'e o& t%ir' s1uare - <=>"/ - / +m re1uire' perimeter - /C# - !#+m 1?. A room .m ##+m long an' "m ?#+m broa' is to be pave' )it% s1ure tiles. 2in' t%e least number o& s1ure tiles re1uire' to +over t%e &loor. sol: area o& t%e room - .## C "?# s1 +m siGe o& largest s1uare tile - 0.9.2 o& .##+m an' "?#+m- "#+m area o& 1 tile - "#C"# s1 +m no. o& tiles re1uire' - @.##C"?#A L @"# C "#A - 1?/ 1$. T%e 'iagonals o& t)o s1uares are in t%e ratio o& !:.. 2in' t%e ratio o& t%eir areas. sol: let t%e 'iagonals o& t%e s1uares be !x an' .x respe+tivel( ratio o& t%eir areas - 3O C @!xA34 : [email protected] - #:!. 1:.5& ea+% si'e o& a s1uare is in+rease' b( !.^. 2in' t%e per+entage +%ange in its area. sol: let ea+% si'e o& t%e s1uare be a t%en area - a 34 ne) si'e - 1!.aL1DD - .aL# ne) area - @.aL#A34 - !.L1/ a34 in+rease in area - @!.L1/Aa34 - a34 - @:L1/Aa34 in+rease ^ - @:L1/Aa34 C @1La34A C 1DD - ./.!.^ !D.T%e base o& triangular &iel' os t%ree times its altitu'e. 5& t%e +ost o& +ultivating t%e &iel' at Rs. !#./$ per %e+tare be Rs. """.1$. 2in' its base an' %eig%t. sol: area o& t%e &iel' - total +ostL rate - """.1$ L!#./$ - 1".. %e+tares -, - 1".. C 1DDDD - 1".DDD s1 m let t%e altitu'e - x mt an' base - "x mt t%en 3O C"x C x - 1".DDD -, x34 - :DDDD -, x - "DD base- :DDm an' altitu'e - "DDm !1.5n t)o triangles t%e ratio o& t%e areas is #:" an' t%e ratio o& t%eir %eig%ts is ":#. 2in' t%e ratio o& t%eir bases; Sol: let t%e bases o& t%e t)o triangles be x \( an' t%eir %eig%ts be "% an' #% respe+tivel(. @1L!CxC"%AL@1L!C(C#%A -#L" -, xL( - #L" C#L" - 1/L: !!.2in' t%e lengt% o& a rope b( )%i+% a +o) must be tet%ere' in or'er t%at it ma( be able to graGe an area o& :$./ s1 meters. Sol: +learl( t%e +o) )ill graGe a +ir+ular &iel' o& area :$./ s1 m an' ra'ius e1ual to t%e lengt% o& t%e rope. Bet t%e lengt% o& t%e rope be r mts t%en hijr34-:$./ -, r34-:$./C?L!! - "1"/ -, r-./m !".T%e 'iameter o& t%e 'riving )%eel o& a bus is 1#D+m. 0o) man( revolutions per minute must t%e )%eel ma7e inor'er to 7eep a spee' o& // 7mp%; Sol: Eistan+e to be +overe' in 1min - @//C1DDDAL/D m -11DDm 'iameter - 1#D+m -, ra'ius - r -D.?m +ir+um&eren+e o& t%e )%eel - !C!!L?CD.? - #.#m no o& revolutions per minute - 11DDL#.# - !.D

!#.T%e inner +ir+um&eren+e o& a +ir+ular ra+e tra+7 1#m )i'e is ##Dm. 2in' t%e ra'ius o& t%e outer +ir+le. Sol: let inner ra'ius be r meters. T%en !hijr -##D -, r-##DC?L!!C1L! - ?Dm ra'ius o& outer +ir+le - ?D6# -$#m !..A se+tor o& 1!D 'egrees +ut out &rom a +ir+le %as an area o& //L? s1 +m. 2in' t%e ra'ius o& t%e +ir+le. Sol: let t%e ra'ius o& t%e +ir+le be r +m. T%en hijr34klL"/D -//L?-, !!L?Cr34C1!DL"/D - //L? -,r34 - //L? C?L!!C" -: ra'ius - "+m !/.T%e lengt% o& t%e room is ...m an' )i't% is ".?.m. 2in' t%e +ost o& paving t%e &loor b( slabs at t%e rate o& Rs.$DD per s1 meter. Sol: l-...m )-".?.m area o& t%e &loor - ... C ".?. - !D./!. s1 m +ost o& paving - $DD C!D./!. -Rs. 1/.DD !?.A re+tangular plot measuring :D meters b( .D meters is to be en+lose' b( )ire &en+ing. 5& t%e poles o& t%e &en+e are 7ept . meters apart. 0o) man( poles )ill be nee'e'; Sol: perimeter o& t%e plot - !@:D6.DA - !$Dm no o& poles -!$DL. -./m !$.T%e lengt% o& a re+tangular plot is !D meters more t%an its brea't%. 5& t%e +ost o& &en+ing t%e plot m !/..D per meter is Rs. ."DD. M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e plot in meter; Sol: let brea't% -x t%en lengt% - x6!D perimeter - ."DDL!/..D -!DDm !@x6!D6xA -!DD -, #x6#D -!DD x - #D an' lengt% - #D6!D - /Dm !:.A re+tangular &iel' is to be &en+e' on t%ree si'es leaving a si'e o& !D &eet un+overe'. 5& t%e area o& t%e &iel' is /$D s1 &eet %o) man( &eet o& &en+ing )ill be re1uire'; Sol: l-!D&eet an' lCb-/$D -, b- /$DL!D - "#&eet lengt% o& &en+ing - l6!b - !D6/$ -$$ &eet "D.A re+tangular paper )%en &ol'e' into t)o +ongruent parts %a' a perimeter o& "#+m &oer ea+% part &ol'e' along one set o& si'es an' t%e same is "$+m. M%en &ol'e' along t%e ot%er set o& si'es. M%at is t%e area o& t%e paper; Sol: )%en &ol'e' along t%e brea't% )e %ave !@lL! 6bA - "# or l6!b - "#...........@1A )%en &ol'e' along t%e lengt% )e %ave !@l6bL!A-"$ or !l6b -"$............@!A &rom 1 \! )e get l-1# an' b-1D Area o& t%e paper - 1#C1D - 1#D s1 +m "1.A too7 1. se+on's to +ross a re+tangular &iel' 'iagonall( )al7ing at t%e rate o& .! mLmin an' B too7 t%e same time to +ross t%e same &iel' along its si'es )al7ing at t%e rate o& /$mLmin. T%e area o& t%e &iel' is; Sol: lengt% o& t%e 'iagonal - .!C1.L/D -1"m sum o& lengt% an' brea't% - /$C1.L/D - 1?m <=>@l346b34A-1" or l6b - 1? area -lb - 3O @!lbA - 3OQ@l6bA34 <ST @l346b34AR - 3OQ1?34 -1/:R -1L!C1!D - /D s1 meter "! . A re+tangular la)n ..m b( ".m %as t)o roa's ea+% #m )i'e running in t%e mi''le o& it. Jne parallel to t%e lengt% an' t%e ot%er parallel to brea't%. T%e +ost o& graveling t%e roa's at ?. paise per s1 meter is sol: area o& +ross roa's - ..C# 6".C#-#C# - "##s1 m +ost o& graveling - "## C?.L1DD -Rs. !.$ "".T%e +ost o& &en+ing a s1uare &iel' m Rs. !D per metre is Rs.1D.D$D.0o) mu+% )ill it +ost to la( a t%ree meter )i'e pavement along t%e &en+ing insi'e t%e &iel' m Rs. .D per s1 m sol: perimeter - total +ost L +ost per m - 1DD$D L!D - .D#m si'e o& t%e s1uare - .D#L# - 1!/m brea't% o& t%e pavement - "m si'e o& inner s1uare - 1!/-/ - 1!Dm area o& t%e pavement - @1!/C1!/A-@1!DC1!DA-!#/<SC/ s1 m +ost o& pavement - !#/C/C.D - Rs. ?"$DD

"#.Aman)al7e' 'iagonall( a+ross a s1uare plot. Approximatel( )%at )as t%e per+ent save' b( not )al7ing along t%e e'ges; Sol: let t%e si'e o& t%e s1uare be x meters lengt% o& t)o si'es - !x meters 'iagonal - <=>! x - 1.#1#x m saving on !x meters - ..:x m saving ^ - D..:x L!x C1DD^ - "D^ @approxA "/.A man )al7ing at t%e spee' o& # 7mp% +rosses a s1uare &iel' 'iagonall( in " meters. T%e area o& t%e &iel' is sol: spee' o& t%e man - #C.L1$ mLse+ - 1DL: mLse+ time ta7en - "C/D se+ - 1$D se+ lengt% o& 'iagonal - spee' C time - 1DL: C 1$D - !DDm Area o& t%e &iel' - 3O C@'ioagonalA34 - 3O C !DDC!DD s1 m - !DDDDs1 m "?.A s1uare an' re+tangle %ave e1ual areas. 5& t%eir perimeters are p an' 1 respe+tivel(. T%en sol: A s1uare an' a re+tangle )it% e1ual areas )ill satis&( t%e relation p U 1 "$.5& t%e perimeters o& a s1uare an' a re+tangle are t%e same t%en t%e area a \ b en+lose' b( t%em )oul' satis&( t%e +on'ition: sol: Ta7e a s1uare o& si'e #+m an' a re+tangle %aving l-/+m an' b-!+m t%en perimeter o& s1uare - perimeter o& re+tangle area o& s1uare - 1/ s1 +m area o& re+tangle - 1! s1 +m 0en+e a ,b ":.An error o& !^ in ex+ess is ma'e )%ile measuring t%e si'e o& a s1uare. T%e per+entage o& error in t%e +al+ulate' area o& t%e s1uare is sol: 1DD+m is rea' as 1D! +m a - 1DDC1DD s1 +m an' b - 1D! C1D! s1 +m t%en a-b - #D# s1 +m per+entage error - #D#L@1DDC1DDA - #.D#^ #D.A tan7 is !.m long 1!m )i'e an' /m 'eep. T%e +ost o& plastering its )alls an' bottom at ?. paise per s1 m is sol: area to be plastere' - Q!@l6bAC%R6@lCbA - !@!.61!AC/ 6 @!.C1!A- ?## s1 m +ost o& plastering - Rs . ?##C?.L1DD - Rs. ..$1 #1.T%e 'imensions o& a room are 1DmC?mC.m. T%ere are ! 'oors an' " )in'o)s in t%e room. T%e 'imensions o& t%e 'oors are 1mC"m. Jne )in'o) is o& siGe !mC1..m an' t%e ot%er ! )in'o)s are o& siGe 1mC1..m. T%e +ost o& painting t%e )alls at Rs. " per s1 m is sol: Area o& # )alls - !@l6bAC% -!@1D6?AC. - 1?D s1 m Area o& ! 'oors an' " )in'o)s - !@1C"A6@[email protected] - 1! s1 m area to be plante' - 1?D -1! - 1.$ s1 m +ost o& painting - Rs. 1.$ C" - Rs. #?# #!.T%e base o& a triangle o& 1.+m an' %eig%t is 1!+m. T%e %eig%t o& anot%er triangle o& 'ouble t%e area %aving t%e base !D+m is sol: a - 3O C1.C1! - :D s1 +m b - !a - ! C :D - 3O C !D C% -, %- 1$+m #".T%e si'es o& a triangle are in t%e ratio o& 3O:1L":1L#. 5& t%e perimeter is .!+m t%en t%e lengt% o& t%e smallest si'e is sol: ratio o& si'es - 3O :1L" :1L# - /:#:" perimeter - .! +m so si'es are .!C/L1" -!#+m .!C#L1" - 1/+m .! C"L1" - 1!+m lengt% o& smallest si'e - 1!+m ##.T%e %eig%t o& an e1uilateral triangle is 1D+m. 5ts area is sol: a34 - @aL!A34 6@1DA34 a34 <ST a34L# - 1DD -,"a34 - 1DDC# area - <=>"L# Ca34 - <=>"L#C#DDL" - 1DDL<=>" s1 +m

#..2rom a point in t%e interior o& an e1uilateral triangle t%e perpen'i+ular 'istan+e o& t%e si'es are <=>" +m !<=>"+m an' .<=>"+m. T%e perimeter o& t%e triangle is sol: let ea+% si'e o& t%e triangle be <S`a<S_ +m t%en area@AJBA 6area@BJ9A6area@AJ9A - area@AB9A 3O C a C<=>" 61L! Ca C!<=>" 61L! C aC.<=>" - <=>"L# a 34 aL!<=>"@16!6.A - <=>"L# a 34 -, a-1/ perimeter - "C1/ - #$+m 9omplex *robems: 1.5& t%e area o& a s1uare )it% si'e a s e1ual to t%e area o& a triangle )it% base a t%en t%e altitu'e o& t%e triangle is sol: area o& a s1uare )it% si'e a - a 34 s1 unts area o& a triangle )it% base a - 3O C aC% s1 unts a 34 -1L! Ca C% -, % - !a altitu'e o& t%e triangle is !a !.An e1uilateral triangle is 'es+ribe' on t%e 'iagonal o& a s1uare. M%at is t%e ratio o& t%e area o& t%e triangle to t%at o& t%e s1uare; Sol: area o& a s1uare - a 34 s1 +m lengt% o& t%e 'iagonal - <=>!a +m area o& e1uilateral triangle )it% si'e <=>!a - <=>"L# C @<=>!aA 34 re1uire' ratio - <=>"a34 : a 34 - <=>" : ! ".T%e ratio o& bases o& t)o triangles is x:( an' t%at o& t%eir areas is a:b. T%en t%e ratio o& t%eir +orrespon'ing altitu'es )ll be sol: aLb -@3O C xC0A L@1L! C ( C %A bx0 - a(% -,0L% -a(Lbx 0en+e 0:% - a(:bx # .A parallelogram %as si'es "Dm an' 1#m an' one o& its 'iagonals is #Dm long. T%en its area is sol: let AB9E be t%e given parallelogram area o& parallelogram AB9E - !C @area o& triangle AB9A no) a - "Dm b - 1#m an' + - #Dm s - 3O@"D61#6#DA - #!m Area o& triangle AB9 - <=>Q s@s-aA@s-bA@s-+A - <=>@#!C1!C!$C! - 1/$s1 m area o& parallelogram AB9E - ! C1/$ -""/ s1 m ..5& a parallelogram )it% area p a triangle )it% area R an' a triangle )it% area T are all +onstru+te' on t%e same base an' all %ave t%e same altitu'e t%en )%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing statements is &alse; Sol: let ea+% %ave base - b an' %eig%t - % t%en p - bC% R - bC% an' T - 3O C bC% so * - R * - !T an' T - 3O R are all +orre+t statements /.5& t%e 'iagonals o& a r%ombus are !#+m an' 1D+m t%e area an' t%e perimeter o& t%e r%ombus are respe+tivel(. Sol: area - 3OC'iagonal 1 C'iagonal !- 3O C !# C 1D- 1!D s1 +m 3O C 'iagonal 1 - 3O C !# - 1!+m 3O C 'iagonal ! - 3O C1D -. +m si'e o& a r%ombus - @1!A 34 6 @.A 34 - 1/: -, AB - 1"+m ?.5& a s1uare an' a r%ombus stan' on t%e same base t%en t%e ratio o& t%e areas o& t%e s1uare an' t%e r%ombus is: sol: A s1uare an' a r%ombus on t%e same base are e1ual in area $.T%e area o& a &iel' in t%e s%ape o& a trapeGium measures 1##Ds1 m. T%e perpen'i+ular 'istan+e bet)een its parallel si'es is !#+m. 5& t%e ratio o& t%e si'es is .:" t%e lengt% o& t%e longer parallel si'e is: sol: area o& &iel' -1L! [email protected]"xA C!# - :/x s1 m :/x - 1##D -, x - 1##D L:/ - 1. %en+e t%e lengt% o& longer parallel si'e - .x - ?.m

:.T%e area o& a +ir+le o& ra'ius . is numeri+all( )%at per+ent its +ir+um&eren+e; Sol: re1uire' per+entage - [email protected]@!hijC.A C1DD - !.D^ 1D.A man runs roun' a +ir+ular &iel' o& ra'ius .Dm at t%e spee' o& 1!mL%r. M%at is t%e time ta7en b( t%e man to ta7e t)ent( roun's o& t%e &iel'; Sol: spee' - 1! 7L% - 1! C .L1$ - 1DL" mLs 'istan+e +overe' - !D C !C!!L?C.D - ##DDDL?m time ta7en - 'istan+e Lspee' - ##DDDL? C "L1D - !!DL?min 11.A +o) s tet%ere' in t%e mi''le o& a &iel' )it% a 1#&eet long rope.5& t%e +o) graGes 1DD s1 &eet per 'a( t%en approximatel( )%at time )ill be ta7en b( t%e +o) to graGe t%e )%ole &iel'; Sol: area o& t%e &iel' graGe' - !!L? C 1# C 1# - /1/ s1 &eet 1!.A )ire +an be bent in t%e &orm o& a +ir+le o& ra'ius ./+m. 5& it is bent in t%e &orm o& a s1uare t%en its area )ill be sol: lengt% o& )ire - !hij r - ! C!!L? C./ - ".! +m si'e o& t%e s1uare - ".!L# - $$+m area o& t%e s1uare - $$C$$ - ??##s1 +m 1".T%e no o& revolutions a )%eel o& 'iameter #D+m ma7es in traveling a 'istan+e o& 1?/m is sol: 'istan+e +overe' in 1 revolution - !hij r - ! C!!L? C!D - $$DL? +m re1uire' no o& revolutions - 1?/DD C?L$$D - 1#D 1#.T%e )%eel o& a motor+(+le ?D+m in 'iameter ma7es #D revolutions in ever( 1Dse+. M%at is t%e spee' o& motor+(+le n 7mL%r; Sol: 'istan+e +overe' in 1Dse+ - ! C!!L? C".L1DD C#D -$$m 'istan+e +overe' in 1 se+ -$$L1Dm - $.$m spee' -$.$mLs - $.$ C 1$L. C7L% - "1./$ 7L% 1..M%eels o& 'iameters ?+m an' 1#+m start rolling simultaneousl( &rom x \ ( )%i+% are 1:$D +m apart to)ar's ea+% ot%er in opposite 'ire+tions. Bot% o& t%em ma7e t%e same number o& revolutions per se+on'. 5& bot% o& t%em meet a&ter 1Dse+on's. T%e spee' o& t%e smaller )%eel is sol: let ea+% )%eel ma7e x revolutions per se+. T%en @!hij C?L! CxA6@!hij C ?CxAC1D - 1:$D @!!L? C? C xA 6 @! C !!L? C? CxA - 1:$ //x - 1:$ -, x - " 'istan+e move' b( smaller )%eel in " revolutions - ! C!!L? C?L! C" - //+m spee' o& smaller )%eel - //L" mLs - !!mLs 1/.A +ir+ular s)imming pool is surroun'e' b( a +on+rete )all #&t )i'e. 5& t%e area o& t%e +on+rete )all surroun'ing t%e pool is 11L!. t%at o& t%e pool t%en t%e ra'ius o& t%e pool is; Sol: let t%e ra'ius o& t%e pool be R &t ra'ius o& t%e pool in+lu'ing t%e )all - @R6#A&t area o& t%e +on+rete )all - hij Q@R6#A! - R! R -, - hijQR6#6RRQR6#-RR - $hij@R6!A s1 &eet $hij@R6!A - 11L!. hij R! -, 11 R! - !DD @R6!A Ra'ius o& t%e pool R - !D&t 1?.A semi+ir+ular s%ape' )in'o) %as 'iameter o& /"+m. 5ts perimeter e1uals sol: perimeter o& )in'o) - hijr 6!r - Q!!L? C /"L! 6/"R - ::6/" - 1/! +m /".T%e area o& t%e largest triangle t%at +an be ins+ribe' in a semi+ir+le o& ra'ius is sol: re1uire' area - 3O C base C %eig%t - 3O C !r C r - r ! 1$.T%ree +ir+les o& ra'ius "..+m are pla+e' in su+% a )a( t%at ea+% +ir+le tou+%es t%e ot%er t)o. T%e area o& t%e portion en+lose' b( t%e +ir+les is sol: re1uire' area - @area o& an e1uilateral triangle o& si'e ? +mA

- @" C area o& se+tor )it% k` - /o 'egrees an' r - "..+mA - @ <=> 3b C ? C ?A <ST @"C !!L? C".. C"..C/DL"/D A s1 +m - #:<=>"L# <ST 11CD..C".. s1 +m - 1.:/? s1 +m 1:. 2our +ir+ular +ar'boar' pie+es ea+% o& ra'ius ?+m are pla+e' in su+% a )a( t%at ea+% pie+e tou+%es t)o ot%er pie+es. T%e area o& t%e spa+e en+ose' b( t%e &our pie+es is sol: re1uire' area - 1#C1# <ST @# C 3Z C !!L? C ? C?A s1 +m - 1:/ <ST 1.# - #! s1 +m RA9ES ANE KAMES J2 SP5BB RA9ES ANE KAMES J2 SP5BB Ra+es :- A +ontest o& spee' in running ri'ing 'riving sailing or ro)ing is +alle' a Ra+e

Ra+e 9ourse :-T%e groun' or pat% on )%i+% +ontests are ma'e is +alle' a ra+e +ourse

START5NK *J5NT :-T%e point &rom )%i+% a ra+e begins is +alle' starting point.

Minning point or goal:-T%e point set to boun' a ra+e is +alle' a )inning point.

Eea' 0eat Ra+e:-5& all t%e persons +ontesting a ra+e rea+% t%e goal exa+tl( at t%e same time t%en t%e ra+e is +alle' a 'ea' %eat ra+e.

Start:-suppose A an' B are t)o +ontestants in a ra+e .5& be&ore t%e start o& t%e ra+e A is at t%e satrtint point an' B is a%ea' o& A b( 1! metres. T%en )e sa( t%at nA gives B a start 1! metres.

-,To +over a ra+e o& 1DDmetres in t%is +ase A )ill %ave to +over 1DDm )%ile B )ill %ave to +over $$m-@1DD-1!A

-,5n a1DDm ra+e FA +an give B 1!mF or FA +an give B a start o& 1!mF or FA beats B b( 1!mFmeans t%at )%ile A runs 1DDm B runs $$m. KAMES:- A game o& 1DDm means t%at t%e person among t%e +ontestants )%o s+ores 1DD points &irst is t%e )inner.

5& A s+ores 1DD points )%ile B s+ores onl( $D points t%en )e sa( t%at FA +an give B !D pointsF. *RJBBEMS :- 1A 5n a 1 7m ra+e A beats B b( !$ m or ?se+.2in' AFs time over t%e +ourse; Sol: B +overs !$ m in ?se+ so BFs time over t%e +ourse - ?L!$ C1DDD -!.D se+ AFs time over t%e +ourse -!.D-? -!#" se+ - #min " se+. !A A runs 1 "L# times as &ast as B.5& A gives B a start o& $# m %o) &ar must be )inning post be so t%at A an' B mig%t rea+% it at t%e same time ; Sol: Ratio o& rates o& A:B -?L# :1 -? :# 5n a game o& ? m A gains "m over B. "m are gaine' b( A in a ra+e o& ?m $# m are gaine' b( A in a ra+e o& ?C$#L" -1:/ m Minning post must be 1:/m a)a( &rom t%e starting point. "AA +an run 17m in " min 1Dse+ an' B +an +over same 'istan+e in " min !D se+. B( )%at 'istan+e A beat B; Sol: +learl( A beats B b( 1D se+. Eistan+e +overe' b( B in 1D se+ -1DDDL!DD C1D -.D m A beats B b( .D metres. #A 5n a 1DDm ra+e A runs at $7m per %our.5& A gives b a start o& # m an' still beats %im b( 1. se+ )%at is t%e spee' o& B; Sol: $DDD m -------/DC/D se+ 1DDm ------- /DC/DC1DDDL$DDD -#. se+. Time ta7en b( A to +over 1DDm -#. se+. B +overs

1DD-# m -:/ min #. se+ -/D se+ BFs spee' -:/ C/DC/DL/DC1DDD -..?/ 7mL%r .A A an' B ta7e part in 1DDm ra+e .A runs at .7m per %our. A gives B a start o& $ m an' still beats %im b( $ se+. M%at is t%e spee' o& B; Sol : AFspee' - .7mL%r -.C.L1$ -!.L1$ mLs Time ta7en b( A to +over 1DDm -1DDC1$L!. -?.! se+ Time ta7en b( A to +over :!m - ?!6$ -$D se+ BFs spee' -:!C1$L$DC. - #.1# 7mp%. /A A runs 1 !L" times as &ast as B.5& A gives B a start o& $D m %o) &ar must t%e )inning post be so t%at A an' B mig%t rea+% i& at t%e same time; Sol: Ratio o& t%e spee' o& A an' B -.L" :1 T%us in a ra+e o& .m A gains !m over B !m are gaine' b( in a ra+e o& .m $D m )ill be gaine' b( A in a ra+e o& .L!C $D -!DD m ?A A B an' 9 are t%ree +ontestans in a 7mra+e .5& A +an give B a start o& #D m an' A +an give 9 a start o& /# m %o) amn( metres start +an b give 9; Sol: A +overs 1DDm B +overs @1DDD-#DA -:/D m 9 +overs 1DDD-/# m or :"/m )%en B +overs :/D m 9 +overs :"/ m )%en B +overs 1DDD m 9 +overs :"/C1DDDL:/D m -:?. m B +an give 9 a start o& 1DDD-:?. or !. m. $A 5n a 1DDm ra+e A +overs t%e 'istan+e in "/ se+ an' B in #. se+.5n t%is ra+e A beats B b(; Sol: Eistan+e +overe' b( B in :se+s -1DDC:L#. -!D m A beats B b( !Dm :A 5n a !DD m ra+e A beats B b( ".m or ? se+.M%at is t%e AFs time over t%e +ourse; Sol: B runs ". m in ?se+. B +overs !DDm in -?C!DDL". - #D se+. BFs time over t%e +ourse -#D se+ AFs time over t%e +ourse -#D-? -"" se+. 1DA 5n a "DD m ra+e A beats B b( !!.. m or / se+.M%at is t%e BFs time over t%e +ourse; Sol: B runs !!.. m in /se+. B runs "DDm in -/C"DDC!L#. -$D se+. BFs time over t%e +ourse -$D se+. 11A A +an run !!.. m )%ile B runs !. m.5n a 7ilometre ra+e B beats A b(; Sol: B runs !. m A runs #.L! m B runs 1DDD A runs - 1DDDC#.L!C!. -:DDm B beats A b( 1DDm 1!A5n a .DD m ra+e t%e ratio o& t%e spee's o& t)o +ontestants A an' B is ":#.A %as a start o& 1#D m.T%en A )in b( B; Sol: T%e spee's o& A an' B -":# To rea+% t%e )inning post A )ill %ave to +over a 'istan+e o& .DD-1#D m i.e "/D m )%ile A +overs "m b +overs #m A +overs "/Dm B +overs #L"C"/D-#$Dm T%us )%en A rea+%es t%e )inning post b +overs #$Dm an' t%ere&ore remains !Dm be%in'. A )ins b( !Dm. 1"A 5n a 1DDm ra+e A +an beat B b( !. m an' B +an beat + b( #m.5n t%e same ra+e A +an beat 9 b(L Sol: 5& A:B -1DD :?. B :9-1DD ::/ t%en A :9 -ALBCBL9-1DDL?.C 1DDL:/ - 1DDL?! A beats 9 b( 1DD -?! m-!$ m 1#A 5n a 1DD ra+e A +an give B 1D man' 9 !$ m.5n t%e same ra+e B +an give 9; Sol: A:B -1DD ::D A :9-1DD :?! B:9 -BLA CAL9 -:DL1DDC1DDL?! -:DL?! M%en B runs :D 9 runs ?! )%en B runs 1DD 9 runs -?!C1DDL:D B beats 9 b( !Dm 1.A 5n a 1DDm ra+e A beats B b( 1D m an' 9 b( 1" m.5n t%e ra+e o& 1$Dm. B )ill beat + b(; Sol :A : B -1DD ::D ALB -1DDL:D AL9 -1DDL$? BL9 -BLA CAL9 -:D L$? M%en B runs :Dm 9 runs $? M%en B runs 1$D m t%en 9 runs -$? C1$DL:D B beats 9 b( 1$D-1?#- /m 1/A 5n a ra+e o& !DD m A +an beat B b( "1 m an' 9 b( 1$m.5n ara+e o& ".D m 9 )ill beat B b(; Sol : 5n a ra+e o& !DD m A :B -!DD:1/: A :9 -!DD :1$! 9LB -9LACALB -1$!L!DDC!DDL1/: M%en 9 runs 1$! m B runs 1/: )%en 9 runs ".D m B runs -".DC1/:L1$! -"!.m 1?A 5n agame o& 1DD points A +an give B !D points an' 9 !$ points t%en B +an give 9; 5n a game o& 1DD points. A :B -1DD : $D A :9 -1DD :?! BL9-BLACAL9 -$DL1DDC1DDL?! - $DL?! )%en B runs $Dm 9 runs ?! )%en B runs 1DDm 9 runs -1DDC?!L$D -:D B +an give 9 1D points in agame o& 1DD. 1$AAt a game o& billiar's A +an give B 1. points in /D an' A +an give 9 !D points in/D.0o) amn( points +an B give 9 in a game o& :D; Sol: A:B -/D:#. A:9 -/D:#D BL9 -BLACAL9 -#.L/DC/DL#D -:DL$D B +an give 9 1D points in agame o& :D. 1:A in agame o& $D points A +an give B . points an' 9 1. points.t%en %o) man( points B +an give 9 in agame o& /D; Sol: A :B -$D :?. A :9 -$D:/. BL9-BLACAL9 - ?.L$DC$DL/. -1.L1" B:9 -/D:.! 9alen'ar

Main +on+epts : aA J'' Ea(s : T%e number o& 'a(s more t%an t%e +omplete number o& )ee7s in a given perio' is number o& o'' 'a(s 'uring t%at perio'. bA Beap (ear : Ever( (ear )%i+% is 'ivisible b( # is +alle' a leap (ear. T%us ea+% one o& %e (ear 1::! 1::/ !DD# !DD$ !D1! et+ is a eap (ear. Ever( #t% +entur( is a leap (ear but no ot%er +entur( is a leap (ear t%us ea+% one o& #DD $DD 1!DD 1/DD !DDD et+ is a leap (ear. None o& t%e 1:DD !D1D !D!D !1DD et+ is a leap (ear. An (ear )%i+% is not a leap (ear is +alle' Jr'inar( (ear. +AAn or'inar( (ear %as "/. 'a(s.

'A A leap (ear %as "// 'a(s. eA9ounting o& o'' 'a(s : iA1 or'inar( (ear - "/. 'a(s -.! )ee7s61 'a( T%ere&ore An or'inar( (ear %as 1 J'' 'a(. iiAJne leap (ear - "// 'a(s -.! )ee7s6! 'a(s T%ere&ore a leap (ear %as ! J'' 'a(s. iiiA 1DD (ears - ?/ or'inar( (ears6 !# leap (ears - Q@?/C.!A )ee7s6?/ 'a(sR6Q@!#C.!A)ee7s6#$ 'a(sR - .!DD )ee7s61!#'a(s-Q.!1? )ee7s6. 'a(sR t%ere&ore 1DD (ears +ontain . o'' 'a(s ivA!DD (ears +ontain 1D@1)ee76"'a(sA i.e " o'' 'a(s vA"DD (ears +ontain 1.@! )ee7s61 'a(A i.e 1 o'' 'a( viA#DD (ears +ontain @!D61A i.e " )ee7s so D J'' 'a(s similarl( ea+% one o& $DD 1!DD 1/DD !DDD et+ +ontains o o'' 'a(s. Note: @?n6mA o'' 'a(s )%ere m less t%an or e1ual to ? is e1uivalent to m o'' 'a(s t%us $ o'' 'a(s - 1 o'' 'a( et+. &A Some +o'es o remember t%e mont%s an' )ee7s: aA Mee7 Sun'a( - 1 Mon'a( - ! Tues'a( - " Me'nes'a( - # T%urs'a( - . 2ri'a( - / Satur'a( - D bA Mont% [an - 1 &eb - # Mar - # Apr - D Ma( - ! [une - . [ul( - D Aug - " Sep - / J+t - 1 Nov - # Ee+ o /

Simple problems S%ort+uts : T%is s%ort+ut must be applie' onl( starting )it% 1: series. Example :M%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1?t% [une 1::$; Solution : . -, t%e given mont% +o'e@augustA 1? -, t%e given 'ate :$-,@1: t% +entur( a&ter (earsA !#-, @@#?L#A - 11 i.e %o) man( leap (ears -------total - 1## @@1##L?A - !D an' t%e remain'er is #A t%ere&ore in t%e above )ee7 table t%e no # +o'e represents )e'nes'a( so t%e re1uire' 'a( is )e'nes'a(. *roblem 1 : T%e &irst republi+ 'a( o& t%e 5n'ia )as +elebrate' on !/t% panuar( 1:.D. 5t )as : Solution : D1 !/ .D 1! ---------total - $: @@$:L?A - 1! an' t%e remain'er is .A t%ere&ore in t%e above )ee7 table represents t%e number . as t%urs'a( so t%e re1uire' 'a( )as T%urs'a(. *roblem ! : 2in' on )%i+% 'a( 1.t% august1:#? ; Solution : D" 1. #? 11 ---------total - ?/ T%en @?/AL? - / o'' 'a(s

/ in'i+ates &ri'a( in t%e above )ee7 table. T%ere&ore re1uire' 'a( is &ri'a(. *roblem " : 2in' on )%i+% 'a( [an !/t% 1:./ ; Solution : D1 !/ ./ 1# -1 @-1 in'i+ates leap([email protected] 1:./A so 1 re'u+e &rom t%e totalA --------total - :/ T%en @:/AL? - . o'' 'a(s . in'i+ates t%urs'a( in t%e above )ee7 table T%ere&ore our re1uire' 'a( is T%urs'a(. *roblem # : To'a( is &ri'a( a&ter /! 'a(s it )ill be : Solution : Ea+% 'a( o& t%e )ee7 is repeate' a&ter ? 'a(s. so a&ter /" 'a(s it )ill be &ri'a(. 0en+e a&ter /! 'a(s it )ill be t%urs'a(. T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is t%urs'a(. *roblem . : 2in' t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on !.t% 'e+ember 1::.; Solution : D/ !. :. !" --------total - 1#: T%en @1#:AL?-@!"A-! o'' 'a(s T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is nMon'a(n. Me'ium *roblems *roblem 1 : [an 1 1::. )as a sun'a(.)%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 lies on [an 1 1::/; Solution : D1 D1 :/ !# -1@sin+e 1::/ )as leap (earA --------total - 1!1 T%en @1!1AL? - @1?A - ! o'' 'a(s T%ere&ore our re1uire' 'a( )asMon'a(. *roblem ! : Jn $t% &eb 1::. it )e'nes'a(. T%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on $t% &eb 1::# )as; Solution : D# D$ :# !" --------total - 1!: T%en @1!:AL? - @1$A - " o'' 'a(s T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is Tues'a(. *roblem " : ma( / 1::" )as t%urs'a(.)%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 )as on ma( / 1::! ; Solution : D! D/ :! !" -1 ---------total - 1!! T%en @1!!AL? - @1?A - " o'' 'a(s T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is Tues'a( *roblem # : [an 1 1::! )as )e'nes'a(. M%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 )as on [an 1 1::" ; Solution : D1 D1 :" !" ---------total - 11$ T%en @11$AL? - @1/A - / o'' 'a(s

T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is 2ri'a(. *roblem .: panuar( 1 !DD# )as a t%urs'a( )%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 lies on [an !DD.; solution : t%e (ear !DD# being a leap (ear it %as ! o'' 'a(s. so &irst 'a( o& t%e !DD. )ill be ! 'a(s be(on' t%urs'a( an' so it )ill be satur'a( t%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is T%urs'a(. *roblem / : Jn $t% mar+% !DD. )e'nes'a( &alls )%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 )as it on $t% mar+% !DD#; Solution : t%e (ear !DD# being a leap (ear it %as ! o'' 'a(s. so t%e 'a( on$t% mar+% !DD. )ill be t)o 'a(s be(on' t%e 'a( on $t% mar+% !DD#.but $t% mar+% !DD. is )e'nes'a(. so $t% mar+% !DD# is mon'a(. T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is Mon'a(. *roblem ?: )%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1:t% september 1:$/ ; Solution : D/ 1: $/ !1 --------total - 1"! T%en @@1"!L? - 1$ an' t%e remain'er is /A 5n t%e above )ee7 table represents t%e number / is &ri'a(. T%ere&ore t%e re1uire' 'a( is 2ri'a(. T(pi+al problems *roblem 1 : on )%at 'ates o& o+tober 1::# 'i' mon'a( &all ; Solution : D1 D1 :# !" ------total - 11: T%en @11:AL? - @1?A - D o'' 'a(s so t%e 'a( is satur'a( T%ere&ore in o+tober &irst t%e 'a( is satur'a(.so t%e mon'a( &ell on "r' o+tober 1::#.Euring o+tober 1::# mon'a( &ell on "r' 1Dt% 1?t% an' !#t%. *roblem ! : 0o) man( 'a(s are t%ere &rom !n' [anuar( 1::. o 1. t% mar+% 1::. ; Solution : pan 6 2eb 6 Mar+% "D 6 !$ 6 1. - ?" 'a(s *roblem " : T%e (ear next to 1::/ %aving t%e same +alen'ar as t%at o& 1::/ is ; Solution : Starting )it% 1::/ )e go on +ountig t%e number o& o'' 'a(s till t%e sum is 'ivisible b( ?. Year 1::/ 1::? 1::$ 1::: !DDD o'' 'a(s ! 1 1 1 !

! 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 ! - ? o'' 'a(s i.e o'' 'a(. T%ere&ore +alen'ar &or !DD1 )ill be t%e same as t%at o& 1::.. *roblem # : T%e +alen'ar &or 1::D is same as &or : Solution : +ount t%e number o& 'a(s 1::D on)ar's to get D o'' 'a(. Year 1::D 1::1 1::! 1::" 1::# 1::. o'' 'a(s 1 1 ! 1 1 1

1616!616161 - ? or D o'' 'a(s T%ere&ore +alen'ar &or 1::D is t%e same as &or t%e (ear 1::/. *roblem . : T%e 'a( on .t% mar+% o& (ear is t%e same 'a( on )%at 'ate o& t%e same (ear; Solution : 5n t%e given mont%l( +o'e table represents t%e mar+% +o'e an' november +o'e bot% are same.t%at means an( 'ate in mar+% is t%e same 'a( o& )ee7 as t%e +orrespon'ing 'ate in november o& t%at (ear so t%e same 'a( &alls on .t% november.

9BJ9PS

Keneral 9on+epts : T%e &a+e or 'ial o& a )at+% is a +ir+le )%ose +ir+um&eren+e is 'ivi'e' into /D e1ual parts +alle' minute spa+es. A +lo+7 %as t)o %an's t%e Smaller one is +alle' t%e %our %an' or s%ort %an' )%ile t%e larger one is +alle' t%e minute %an' or long %an'. 5mportant points : aA 5n ever( /D minutes t%e minute %an' gains .. minutes on t%e %our %an' bA5n ever( %our bot% t%e %an's +oin+i'e on+e i.e D 'egrees. +At%e %an's are in t%e same straig%t line )%en t%e( are +oin+i'ent or opposite to ea+% ot%er. i.e D 'egrees or 1$D 'egrees. 'A)%en t%e t)o %an's are at rig%t angles t%e( are 1. minute spa+es apart i.e :D 'egrees. eA)%en t%e %an's are in t%e opposite 'ire+tions t%e( are "D minute spa+es apart i.e 1$D 'egrees. &AAngle tra+e' b( %our %an' in 1!%rs - "/D 'egrees. gAAngle tra+e' b( minute %an' in /D min - "/D 'egrees. 5& a )at+% or a +lo+7 in'i+ate' $.1. )%en t%e +orre+t time is $ it is sai' to be 1. minutes too &ast. Jn t%e ot%er %an' i& it in'i+ates ?.#. )%en t%e +orre+t time is $ it is sai' to be 1. minutes slo). %A/D min --, "/D 'egrees 1 min --, /D iAt%e %an's o& a +lo+7 +oin+i'e in a 'a( or !# %ours is !! times in 1!%ours 11minutes. [At%e %an's o& +lo+7 are straig%t in a 'a( is ## times . 7At%e %an's o& a +lo+7 at rig%t angle in a 'a( is ## times . lAt%e %an's o& a +lo+7 in straig%t line but opposite in 'ire+tion is !! times per 'a( Simple *roblems S%ort+uts in +lo+7s : T(pe1: 2in' t%e angle bet)een t%e %our %an' an' t%e minute %an' o& a +lo+7 )%en t%e time is ".!. solution : 5n t%is t(pe o& problems t%e &ormulae is as &ollo)s "DCQ%[email protected]@minL!A 5n t%e above problem t%e given 'ata is time is ".!.. t%at is applie' in t%e &ormulae "DCQ"-@!.L.AR6@!.L!A"[email protected]!.AL.6!.L! - "[email protected]!.L! - -"DDL.6!.L! - -/DD6@!.L!A--#?.L1D--#?.. i.e #? 1L!D t%ere&ore t%e re1uire' angle is #? 1L!D. Note :t%e -sign must be negle+te'. Anot%er s%ort+ut &or t(pe1 is : T%e &ormulae is /Cx-@%rsC/D6aAL! 0ere x is t%e given minutes so in t%e given problem t%e minutes is !. minutes t%at is applie' in t%e given &ormulae /C!.-@"C/D6!.AL! 1.D-!D.L! @"DD-!D.AL!-:.L! -#? 1L!D. t%ere&ore t%e re1uire' angle is #? 1L!D. T(pe! : At )%at time bet)een ! an' " oF +lo+7 )ill be t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be toget%er;

Solution : 5n t%is t(pe o& problems t%e &ormulae is .CxC@1!L11A 0ere x is repla+e' b( t%e &irst interval o& given time. %ere i.e !. 5n t%e above problem t%e given 'ata is bet)een ! an' " oF +lo+7 .C!C1!L11 -1DC1!L11-1!DL11-1D 1DL11min. T%ere&ore t%e %an's )ill +oin+i'e at 1D 1DL11 min.past!. Anot%er s%ort+ut &or t(pe! is : 0ere t%e +lo+7s be toget%er but not opposite to ea+% ot%er so t%e angle is D 'egrees. so t%e &ormulae is /Cx-@!C/D6xAL!-D/Cx-@1!D6xAL!-D1!x-1!D-x-D 11x-1!D x-1!DL11-1D 1DL11 t%ere&ore t%e %an's )ill be +oin+i'e at 1D 1DL11 min.past!. Me'ium *roblems T(pe" : At )%at time bet)een # an' . oF+lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be at rig%tangle; Solution : 5n t%is t(pe o& problems t%e &ormulae is @.Cx 6 or -1.AC@1!L11A 0ere x is repla+e' b( t%e &irst interval o& given time %ere i.e # 9ase 1 : @.Cx 6 1.AC@1!L11A @.C# 61.AC@1!L11A @!D61.AC@1!L11A ".C1!L11-#!DL11-"$ !L11 min. T%ere&ore t%e( are rig%t angles at "$ !L11 min .past# 9ase ! : @.Cx-1.AC@1!L11A @.C#-1.AC@1!L11A @!D-1.AC@1!L11A .C1!L11-/DL11 min-. .L11min T%ere&ore t%e( are rig%t angles at . .L11 min.past#. Anot%er s%ort+ut &or t(pe " is :0ere t%e given angle is rig%t angle i.e :DD. 9ase 1 : T%e &ormulae is /Cx-@%rsC/D6xAL!-Kiven angle /Cx-@#C/D6xAL!-:D /Cx-@!#D6xAL!-:D 1!x-!#D-x-1$D 11x-1$D6!#D 11x-#!D x-#!DL11- "$ !L11 min T%ere&ore t%e( are at rig%t angles at "$ !L11 min. past#. 9ase ! : T%e &ormulae is @%rsC/D6xAL!-@/CxA-Kiven angle @#C/D6xAL!-@/CxA-:D @!#D6xAL!-@/CxA-:D !#D6x-1!x-1$D -11x6!#D-1$D !#D-1$D-11x x-/DL11- . .L11 min T%ere&ore t%e( art rig%t angles at . .L11 min past#. T(pe # : 2in' at )%at time bet)een $ an' : oF+lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er ; Solution : 5n t%is t(pe o& problems t%e &ormulae is @.Cx-"DAC1!L11 x is repla+e' b( t%e &irst interval o& given time 0ere i.e $ @.C$-"DAC1!L11 @#D-"DAC1!L11 1DC1!L11-1!DL11 min-1D 1DL11 min. T%ere&ore t%e %an's )ill be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er at 1D 1DL11 min.past $. Anot%er s%ort+ut &or t(pe # is : 0ere t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er t%e angle is 1$D 'egrees.

T%e &ormulae is @%rsC/D6xAL!-@/CxA-Kiven angle @$C/D6xAL!-/Cx-1$D @#$D6xAL!-@/CxA-1$D #$D6x-1!Cx-"/D 11x-#$D-"/D x-1!DL11-1D 1DL11 min. t%ere&ore t%e %an's )ill be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er at 1D 1DL11 min. past$. T(pe . : At )%at time bet)een . an' / o<S_ +lo+7 are t%e %an's o& a " minutes apart ; Solution : 5n t%is t(pe o& problems t%e &ormuae is @.Cx6 or - tAC1!L11 0ere x is repla+e' b( t%e &irst interval o& given time %ere xis .. t is spa+es apart 9ase 1 : @.Cx6tAC1!L11 @.C.6"AC1!L11 !$C1!L11 - ""/L11-"1 .L11 min t%ere&ore t%e %an's )ill be " min .apart at "1 .L11 min.past.. 9ase ! : @.Cx-tAC1!L11 @.C.-"AC1!L11 @!.-"AC1!L11-!# min t%ere&ore t%e %an's )i be " in apart at !# min past .. T(pi+alproblems problems : A )at+% )%i+% gains uni&orml( is . min slo) at $ oF+lo+7 in t%e morning on sun'a( an' it is . min.#$ se+.&ast at $ p.m on &ollo)ing sun'a(. )%en )as it +orre+t; Solution : Time &rom $ am on sun'a( to $ p.m on &ollo)ing sun'a( - ? 'a(s 1! %ours - 1$D %ours t%e )at+% gains @.6@. #L.AAmin .or .#L. min. in 1$D %ours No) .#L. minare gaine' in 1$D %ours. T%ere&ore . minutes are gaine' in@1$DC.L.#C.A%ours-$" %ours!D min. -" 'a(s11%rs!Dmin. t%ere&ore )at+% is +orre+t at " 'a(s 11 %ours !D minutes a&ter $ a.m o& sun'a( t%ere&ore it )il be +orre+t at !D min.past ? p.m on )e'nes'a( TRUE E5S9JUNT 9JN9E*T

Bet rate-R^per annum Time- T (ears 1.*resent )ort% @*MA - @1DDCAmountAL@1DD6@RCTAA - @1DDC TrueEis+ountAL@RCTA !.TrueEis+ount @TEA - @*.MCRCTAL1DD - @AmountCRCTAL@1DD6@RCTAA ".Sum -@Simpe5nterestCTrueEis+ountAL@Simple5nterest-TrueEis+ountA #.Simple5nterest-TrueEis+ount-Simpe5nterest on TrueEis+ount ..M%en t%e sum is put at 9ompoun'5nterest t%en *resentMort%-AmountL@16@RL1DDAAcT Keneral9on+ept: Suppose a man %as to pa( Rs.1./ a&ter # (ears an' t%e rate o& interest is 1#^per annum 9learl( Rs.1DD at 1#^ )ill amount to Rs1./ in # (ears So t%e pa(ment o& Rs.1DD no) )il +ear o&& t%e 'ebt o& Rs1./ 'ue # (ears %en+e Me sa( t%at Sum 'ue - Rs1./ 'ue # (ears %en+e *resent Mort% -Rs1DD True Eis+ount-Rs.1./-Rs1DD-Rs./

-Sum'ue-*M Me 'e&ine TrueEis+ount- 5nterest on *resent Mort%@*MA Amount - *resentMort%6TrueEis+ount S5M*BE *RJBBEMS 1.2in' t%e present )ort% o& Rs.:"D 'ue " (ears %en+e at $^ per annum.Aso &in' t%e 'is+ount; Sol: Amount-RS.:"D Time-"(ears Rate-$^ TrueEis+ount - @*resent)ort%CTimeCRateAL1DD *resent)ort% - @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA *resent)ort% - @:"DC1DDAL@1DD6@$C"A -Rs.?.D TrueEis+ount - @:"DC"C$AL@1DD6@$C"AA -Rs.1$D @orA TrueEis+ount - Amount-*resent)ort% -Rs.:"D-Rs.?.D -Rs.1$D !.T%e true'is+ount on a bill 'ue : mont%s %en+e at 1!^ per annum is Rs.#D.2in' t%e amount o& t%e bill an' its present)ort%; Sol: Time-:mont%s-:L1!(ears-"L#(ears Rate-1!^ TrueEis+ount-Rs.#D TrueEis+ount-@AmountC1DDAL@1DD6@RCTAA -,Amount-@TrueEis+ountC@1DD6@RCTAAA L1DD -@.#DC@1DD61!C@"L#AAL1DD -Rs./.#D *resent)ort%-Amount-TrueEis+ount -Rs./.#D-Rs.#D -Rs./DDD ".T%e TrueEis+ount on a +ertain sum o& mone( 'ue " (ears %en+e is Rs.!.D an' Simpe5nterest on t%e same sum &or same time an' same rate is Rs"?. &in' sum an' rate^; Sol: Time-" (ears True'is+ount-Rs.!.D Simpe5nterest-Rs"?. Sum - @Simpe5nterestCTrueEis+ountAL@Simpe5nterest-TrueEis+ountA - @"?.C!.DAL@"?.-!.DA -Rs.?.D Simpe5nterest-@*rin+ipleCTimeCRateAL1DD "?. - @ ?.DC"RAL1DD R-.DL"^

-, Rate-1/!L"^ #.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een Simpe5nterest an' TrueEis+ount on a +ertain sum o& mone( &or / mont%s at 1!1L!^ per annum is Rs!..&in' t%e sum. Sol: Bet amount be Rs.x Simple5nterest-@AmountCTCRAL1DD TrueEis+ount-@AmountCTCRAL@1DD6@RCTAA S5-T.E-Rs!. -,@@xC/L1!C!.L!AL1DDA-@@xC/L1!C!.L!AL@1DD6@/L1!C!.L!AA-!. -,x-Rs./$DD ..T%e *resent )ort% o& Rs.!"1D 'ue !1L!(rs %en+eT%e interest being 1.^ per annum is sol: Amount-Rs!"1D Time-!1L!(rs Rate-1.^ *resent)ort% - @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA -!"[email protected]!A -Rs1/$D. MEE5UM *RJBBEMS 1.A bill &alls 'ue in 1 (ear.T%e +re'itor agrees to a++ept imme'iate pa(ment o& t%e %al& an' to 'e&er t%e pa(ment o& t%e ot%er %al& &or ! (ears .B( t%is arrangement %e gains Rs.#D.)%at is t%e amount o& bill i& t%e mone( be )ort% 1!1L!^; sol: Bet t%e amount be Rs.x 5& t%e bill &alls 'ue &or 1 (r True'is+ount-@AmountC1DDAL@1DD6RCTA -@xC1DDAL@1DD6@!.L!C1A 5& A++epting imme'iate pa(ment o& t%e %al& an' to 'e&er t%e pa(ment o& t%e ot%er %al& &or ! (ears True'is+ount-@AmountC1DDAL@1DD6RCTA -QxL!6@@xL!C1DDAL@1DD6@!.L!C!AAR xL! &or imme'iate pa(ment @@xL!C1DDAL@1DD6@!.L!C!AA &or pa(ing a&ter ! (rs 0e gains Rs#D -,QxL!6@@xL!C1DDAL@1DD6@!.L!C!AAR <ST @xC1DDAL@1DD6@!.L!C1A - Rs#D -, xL!6!xL.-$xL:-#D -,x-Rs."/DD Amount o& t%e bill-Rs."/DD !.5& t%e true'is+ount on a sum 'ue !(rs %en+e at 1#^ per annum be Rs1/$.T%e sum 'ue is; Sol: Time-!(rs Rate-1#^ True'is+ount-Rs1/$ Amount-x TrueEis+ount-@AmountCRCTAL@1DD6RCTA 1/$ -@xC1#C!AL@1DD6@1#C!AA -,x-Rs.?/$ ".T%e true'is+ount on Rs.!./! 'ue # mont%s %en+e is Rs.1!!.T%e rate ^ is; Sol: Amount-Rs.!./! Time-#L1!(rs TrueEis+ount-Rs1!! Rate-a^ TrueEis+ount-@AmountCRCTAL@1DD6RCTA -,1!!-@!./!CxC@#L1!AAL@1DD6@xC@#L1!AA -,"//DD61!!x-!./!x -,Rate-1.^ #.T%e True'is+ount on Rs1?/D 'ue a&ter a +ertain time at 1!^ per annum is Rs1/DT%e time a&ter )%i+% it is 'ue is: Sol: Amount-Rs.1?/D Rate-1!^

True'is+ount-Rs1/D Time-x TrueEis+ount-@AmountCRCTAL@1DD6RCTA -,xC11C1!-1DD61!x -,x-.L/(r Time-1Dmont%s ..T%e interest on Rs.?/D &or !(rs is t%e same as t%e True'is+ount on Rs:/D 'ue !(rs %en+e .5& t%e rate o& interest is same in bot% +ases it is sol: *rin+ipal-Rs.?/D Time-!(rs amount-Rs:/D *CTCRL1DD-@AmountCRCTAL@1DD6RCTA -,@?.DC!CrAL1DD-@:/DCrC!AL@1DD6!rA -,1.Dr-!1DD rate-1#^ /.T%e Simple5nterest \ TrueEis+ount on a +ertain sum o& mone( &or a given time \ at a given rate are Rs$. \ Rs.$D.T%e sum is............. sol: S.5- Rs.$. TrueEis+ount-Rs$D [email protected]@S5-T.EA -Rs.1"/D ?.A tra'er o)es a maer+%ant Rs1DD!$ 'ue 1(r %en+e T%e tra'er )ants to settle t%e a++ount a&ter " mont%s .5& t%e rate o& interest is 1!^per annum 0o) mu+% +as% s%oul' %e pa(; Sol: Time-1(r but %e settles a++ount a&ter "mont%s so time - :mont%s 9as% to pa(-@AmountCRCTAL@1DD6RCTA -@1DD!$C1DDAL@1DD61!C@:L1!AA -Rs.:!DD $.A man bu(s a )at+% &or Rs1:.D in +as% an' sells it &or Rs!!DD at a +re'it o& 1(rT%e rate o& interest is 1D^ per annum T%en %e gains L loose---------------amount; Sol: 5& %e sells it &or Rs!!DD at a +re'it o& 1(r t%en t%e present )ort% o& t%at amount is *resent)ort% - @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA -@!!DDC1DDAL@1DD61DC1A -!DDDLSo %e gains !DDD-1:.D-Rs..D :.A o)es Rs.1.?" pa(able 11L!(rs %en+e Aso B o)es A Rs.1###.D pa(abe /mont%s %en+e 5& t%e( )ant to settle t%e a++unt &ort% )it% 7eeping 1#^ as t%e rate o& interest t%en )%o s%oul' pa( \ %o) mu+%; Sol: B-,A-----------Amount-Rs.1.?" Rate-1#^ Time-"L! *resent)ort% - @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA -@1.?"C1DDAL@1DD6@"L!AC1#A -Rs1"DD A-,B------------Amount-Rs.1###..D Rate-1#^ Time-1L! *resent)ort% - @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA -@1###..DC1DDAL@1DD6@1L!AC1#A -Rs1".D so B s%oul' pa( Rs.1".D

1D.5& Rs!D is t%e TrueEis+ount on Rs!/D'ue a&ter a +ertain time. M%at )il be trueEis+ount on same sum 'ue a&ter 3O o& &ormer time t%e rate o& interest beng t%e same; Sol: Simple 5nterest on @!/D-!DA &or a gven time-Rs!D Simple 5nterest on @!/D-!DA &or a %al& time-Rs!DC@1L!A -Rs1D True Eis+ount on Rs.!.D-Rs1D True Eis+ount on Rs.!/D-Rs1DC!/DL!.D -Rs1D.#D 11.A %as to pa( Rs.!!D to B a&ter 1(r.B as7s A to pa( Rs.11D in +as% an' 'e&er t%e pa(ment o& Rs .11D &or ! (rs.A agrees to it.5& t%e rate o& interest be 1D^ per annum in t%is mo'e o& pa(ment:... ............ sol: A %as to pa( -*resent )ort% o& Rs!!D 'ue 1(r %en+e -Rs.@!!DC1DDAL@1DD6@1DC1AA -Rs.!DD A a+tuall( pa(s-Rs.11D6*resent)ort% o& Rs11D 'ue ! (rs %en+e -Q11D6 @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAAR -Q11D6@@11DC1DDAL@1DD6@1DC!AAAR -Rs1:!.// So A gains Rs@!DD-1:!.//A-Rs.?."# 9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1.5& Rs.1D be allo)e' as true's+ount on a bill o& Rs.11D at t%e en' o& a +ertaimn time t%en 'is+ount allo)e' on t%e same sum 'ue at t%e en' o& 'ouble t%e time.. sol: Amount-Rs11D TrueEis+ount-Rs1D *resent )ort%-Amount-TrueEis+ount -Rs11D-1D -Rs.1DD S5 on Rs.1DD &or a +ertain time -Rs.1D S5 on Rs.1DD &or 'oube t%e time -Rs.!D TrueEis+ount on @1DD6!DA-1!D-1DD -Rs!D TrueEis+ount on Rs.11D -@11DC!DAL1!D -Rs1$."" !.A man )ants to se %s s+ooter .T%ere are t)o o&&ers one at Rs1!DDD +as% an' ot%er at a+re'it o& Rs1!$$D to be pai' a&ter $ mont%s mone( being at 1$^ per annum )%i+% is better o&&er; Sol: o&&er1-Rs1!DDD o&&er! *resent )ort%- @AmountC1DDA L@1DD6@RCTAA -Rs.1!$$DC1DDL@1DD6@1$C@$L1!AA -Rs11 .DD T%e &irst o&&er is better as i& %e gains .DDLi& %e sells at Rs.1!DDD is better ".Koo's )ere boug%t &or Rs./DD an' sol' t%e same 'a( &or Rs./$$.$D at a +re'it o& : mont%s an' t%us gaining !^ rate o& interest per annum is sol: Met%o'5: Amount-Rs./$$..D Time-:.1! Kaining !^-----------,*resent)ort%-1D!^o& /DD-@1D!C/DDAL1DD -Rs./1! *resent)ort%-@AmountC1DDAL@1DD6@TCRAA /1!-@/$$.$DC1DDAL@1DD6@@:L!ACRAA -,R-1/!L"^ Met%o'55: TrueEis+ount-/$$..D-/1!

-Rs.?/..D Rate-TrueEis+ountC1DDL@*.MCTA -@?/..DC1DDAL@/1!C@:L1!AA -1/!L"^ #.T%e present )ort% o& Rs.1#D# 'ue in ! e1ual %al&(earl( instalments at $^ per annu$m S.5 is SJl: *resent)ort%-@AmountC1DDAL@1DD6@TCRAA *resentMort%-*resent)ort% o& Rs.?D! / mont%s %en+e 6 *resent)ort% o& Rs.?D! 1(r %en+e - @?D!C1DDAL@1DD6@1L!C$AA 6 @?D!tC1DDAL@1DD6@1C$AA -Rs.1"!. BANPERFS E5S9JUNT 9JN9E*T -, Suppose a mer+%ant A bu(s goo's )ort% Rs.1DDDD &rom anot%er mer+%ant B at a +re'it o& sa( . mont%s -, T%en B prepares a bill +alle' t%e bill o& ex+%ange -, A signs t%is bill \ allo)s B to )it%'ra) t%e amount &rom %is ban7 a++ount a&ter exa+tl( . mont%s t%e 'ate exa+tl( a&ter . mont%s is +alle' Nominall( 'ue 'ate -, T%ree 'a(s @gra+e 'a(sA are a''e' to it get a 'ate 7no)n as legall( 'ue 'ate -, Suppose B )ants to %ave mone( be&ore legall( 'ue 'ate t%en %e +an %ave t%e mone( &rom ban7er or a bro7er )%o 'e'u+ts S.5 on t%e &a+e value @i.e. 1DDDDA &or t%e perio' &rom t%e 'ate on )%i+% t%e bill )as 'is+ounte' @i.e paie' b( t%e ban7erA \ t%e legall( 'ue 'ate t%is amount is 7no)n as Ban7ers Eis+ount -, T%us B.E is t%e S.5 on t%e &a+e &or t%e perio' &rom t%e 'ate on )%i+% t%e bill )as 'is+ounte' an' t%e legall( 'ue 'ate -, Ban7ers Kain @B.KA - @B.EA <ST @T.EA &or t%e unexpire' time Note:- M%en t%e 'ate o& t%e bill is not given gra+e 'a(s are not to be a''e' 2ormulae:@1AB.E - S.5 on bill &or unexpire' time @!AB.K - @B.EA <ST @T.EA - S.5 on T.E - @T.EAc! L*.M @"AT.E - s1rt@*.M C B.KA @#AB.E - @Amount C Rate C TimeAL1DD @.AT.E - @Amount C Rate C TimeAL@1DD6@Rate C timeA @/AAmount - @B.E C [email protected] <ST T.EA @?AT.E - @B.K C 1DDAL@Rate C TimeA S5M*BE *RJBBEM 1.5& t%e true 'is+ount on a +ertain sum 'ue / mont%s %en+e at 1.^ is Rs 1!D.M%at is t%e ban7ers 'is+ount on t%e same &or same time an' t%e same rate. Sol:B.K - S.5 on T.E - RS @1!D C 1. C 3O C 1L1DDA -: @B.EA <ST @T.EA - : B.E - 1!D 6 : -1!: !.T%e ban7ers 'is+ount on Rs 1$DD at 1! ^ per annum is e1ual to t%e true 'is+ount on Rs 1$?! &or t%e same time at t%e same rate .2in' t%e time. Sol:S.5 on Rs 1$DD - T.E on Rs 1$?! *.M o& Rs 1$?! is Rs 1$DD Rs ?! is S.5 on Rs 1$DD at 1!^ Time - @1DD C ?!AL@1! C 1$DDA - 1L" (ears - # mont%s ".T%e ban7ers 'is+ount an' true 'is+ount on a sum o& mone( 'ue $ mont%s %en+e are Rs.1!D \ Rs.11D resp. 2in' t%e sum \ t%e rate per +ent Sol:Sum - @B.E C T.EA L @B.EA <ST @T.EA - @1!D C 11DA L @1!D <ST 11DA - 1"!D Sin+e B.E is S.5 on sum 'ue so S.5 on Rs 1"!D &or $ mont%s is Rs 1!D Rate - @1DD C 1!DA L @1"!D C !L"A - 1" ?L11^ MEE5UM *RJBBEMS

1.T%e Ban7ers 'is+ount on Rs 1/.D 'ue a +ertain time %en+e is Rs 1/.. &in' t%e true 'is+ount an' t%e ban7ers gain. Sol :Sum - @B.E C T.EA L @B.E <ST T.EA - @B.E C T.EA L B.K T.ELB.K - SumLB.E -/.DL1/. -1DL1 T%us i& B.K is Rs 1 T.E - Rs 1D i& B.E is Rs 11 T.E - Rs 1D i& B.E is Rs 1/. T.E - Rs @1DL11 C 1/.A - 1.D B.K -Rs@1/. <ST 1.DA - Rs 1. !.T%e *resent )ort% o& a bill 'ue somet%ing %en+e is Rs 111D an' t%e true 'is+ount on t%e bill is Rs.11D . 2in' t%e ban7es 'is+ount \ t%e ban7ers gain. Sol:T.E - s1rt @*.M C B.KA B.K - @T.EAc! L*.M - @11D C 11DA L 111D - 11 B.E - @T.E 6 B.KA - @11D 6 11A - Rs 1!1 ".M%at rate per+ent 'oes a man get &or %is mone( )%en in 'is+ounting Sol:Bet t%e amount o& t%e bill -1DD Mone( 'e'u+te' - 1D Mone( re+eive' b( t%e %ol'er o& t%e bill - @1DD <ST 1DA - :D S.5 on Rs :D &or 1D mont%s - 1D Rate - @1DD C 1DA L @:D C 1DL1!A - 1" 1L"^ 9JM*BEa *RJBBEMS 1.A bill &or Rs./DDD is 'ra)n on pul( 1# at . mont%s . 5t is 'is+ounte' on .t% J+tober at 1D^.2in' t%e ban7ers 'is+ount true 'is+ount ban7ers gain an' t%e mone( t%at t%e %ol'er o& t%e bill re+eives. Sol:2a+e value o& t%e bill - Rs./DDD 'ate on )%i+% t%e bill )as 'ra)n - pul( 1# at . mont%s nominall( 'ue 'ate - Ee+ember 1# legall( 'ue 'ate - Ee+ember 1? Eate on )%i+% t%e bill )as 'is+ounte' - J+tober . Unexpire' time : J+t Nov Ee+ !/ 6 "D 6 1? - ?"'a(s -1L. (ears B.E - S.5 on Rs /DDD &or 1L. (ear - Rs @/DDD C 1D C 1L. C 1L1DDA - Rs 1!D T.E - Rs@/DDD C 1D C1L.AL@1DD 6 @1D C 1L.AA - Rs. 11?./# B.K - @B.EA <ST @T.EA - Rs@1!D -11?./#A - Rs !."/ Mone( re+eive' b( t%e %ol'er o& t%e bill - Rs@/DDD <ST 1!DA - .$$D !. T%e ban7ers gain on a +ertain sum 'ue 1 3O (ear %en+e is "L!. o& t%e ban7ers 'is+ount .T%e rate per+ent is Sol:Bet B.E - 1 t%en B.K - "L!. T.E - @B.E <ST B.KA - @1 <ST "L!.A - !!L!.

sum - @1 C !!L!.A L @1 <ST !!L!.A - !!L" S.5 on Rs !!L" &or 1 3O (ear is 1. Rate - @1DD C 1A L @!!L" C "L!A - : 1L:^ ". T%e ban7ers gain o& a +ertain sum 'ue ! (ears %en+e at 1D^ per annum is Rs !# .T%e per+ent )ort% is Sol:T.E - @B.K C 1DDA L @Rate C TimeA DDA L @1D C !A - 1!D. *.M - @1DD CT.EA L @Rate C TimeA - @1DD C 1!DA L@1D C !A - /DD

JEE MAN JUT \ SER5ES

5n an( t(pe o& problems a set o& numbers is given in su+% a )a( t%at ea+% one ex+ept one saties&ies a parti+ular 'e&inite propert(.T%e one )%i+% 'oes not satis&( t%at +%ara+teristi+ is to be ta7en out.

Some important properties of numbers are 6iven belo7 : 1.*rime Number Series Example: ! " . ? 11 ................. !.Even Number Series Example: ! # / $ 1D 1! ............ ".J'' Number Series: Example: 1 " . ? : 11 ................... #.*er&e+t S1uares: Example: 1 # : 1/ !. .............. ..*er&e+t 9ubes: Example: 1 $ !? /# 1!. ................. /.Multiples o& Number Series: Example: " / : 1! 1. ..............are multiples o& " ?.Numbers in Art%imeti+ *rogression@A.*A: Example: 1" 11 : ?................ $.Numbers in K.*: Example: #$ 1! " ..... SJME MJRE *RJ*ERT5ES: 1. 5& an( series starts )it% D " ..... generall( t%e relation )ill be @n!-1A. !. 5& an( series starts )it% D ! ..... generall( t%e relation )ill be @n!-nA. ". 5& an( series starts )it% D / ..... generall( t%e relation )ill be @n"-nA. #. 5& "/ is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n! relation. .. 5& ". is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n!-1 relation. /. 5& "? is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n!61 relation. ?. 5& 1!. is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n" relation. $. 5& 1!# is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n"-1 relation. :. 5& 1!/ is &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n"61 relation. 1D. 5& !D "D &oun' in t%e series t%en t%e series )ill be in n!-n relation. 11. 5& /D 1!D !1D ........... is &oun' as series t%en t%e series )ill be in n"-n relation.

1!. 5& !!! ............ is &oun' t%en relation is n"6n 1". 5& !1 "1 .......... is series t%en t%e relation is n!-n61. 1#. 5& 1: !: .......... is series t%en t%e relation is n!-n-1. 1.. 5& series starts )it% D " ............ t%e series )ill be on n!-1 relation.

E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S: 1.2in' t%e o'' one out. " . ? 1! 1? 1: SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series ex+ept 1! all elements are o'' numbers.so 1! is t%e o'' one. !. 2in' t%e o'' one out. 1 # : 1/ !" !. "/ SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series all elements ex+ept !" are per&e+t s1ares.so !" is o'' one. ". 2in' t%e o'' one out. #1 #" #? ." /1 ?1 ?" $1 SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series all elements ex+ept $1 are prime numbers.so $1 is o'' one. #.2in' t%e o'' one out. 1 # : 1/ !D "/ #: SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series all elements ex+ept !D are per&e+t s1uares.So !D is o'' one. ..2in' t%e o'' one out. $ !? /# 1DD 1!. !1/ "#" SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series all elements ex+ept 1DD are per&e+t +ubes.so 1DD is o'' one. /. 2in' t%e o'' one out. 1 . 1# "D .D .. :: SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series all elements in t%e pattern li7e 1! 1!6!! 1!6!!6"! ................. But .D is not in t%is pattern so o'' one. ?.2in' t%e o'' one out. $". ?"# /#! ?.1 $." :$1 ."! SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%ir' an' &irst 'igit o& ea+% element is e1ual to its mi''le 'igit.But ?.1 is not in t%is pattern so o'' one. $. 2in' t%e o'' one out. "$. ##/! .?! ":/ #!? /?! !/# SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e sum o& &irst an' t%ir' 'igit o& ea+% element is e1ual to its mi''le 'igit.But #!?is not in t%is pattern so o'' one. :. 2in' t%e o'' one out. ""1 #$! ..1 !/" "$" !#! 111 SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e pro'u+t o& &irst an' t%ir' 'igit o& ea+% element is e1ual to its mi''le 'igit. But "$" is not in t%is pattern so o'' one. 1D. 2in' t%e o'' one out. ! . 1D 1? !/ "? .D /# SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e elements are in t%e pattern o& x!61 M%ere x is 1 ! " # . / ?.but $!61 is not e1ual to /#.5t is /../# is o'' one.

11. 2in' t%e o'' one out. 1: !$ ": .! /? $# 1D! SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e elements are in t%e pattern o& x!6" M%ere x is # . / ? $ : 1D.but 1D!6" is not e1ual to 1D!.5t is 1D".so 1D! is o'' one. 1!.2in' t%e o'' one out. !." 1"/ ".! #/D "!# /1" !## SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e elements are in t%e pattern o& x!6" M%ere x is # . / ? $ : 1D.but 1D!6" is not e1ual to 1D!.5t is 1D".so 1D! is o'' one.

E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S:

1".2in' t%e o'' one out. ! . 1D .D .DD .DDD SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e pattern as &ollo)s: 1st term C !n' term - "r' term !n' term C "r' term - #t% term "r' term C #t% term - .t% term But .DC.DD-!.DDD )%i+% is not e1ual to .DDD. so .DDD is o'' one. 1#.2in' t%e o'' one out. .$! /D. .$$ /11 /"# /1? /DD SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series alternativel( !" is a''e' an' 1? is subtra+te' &rom t%e terms. So /"# is o'' one. 1..2in' t%e o'' one out. #/D$D "$#D "$# #$ !# ! 1 SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e terms are su++essivel( 'ivi'e' b( 1! 1D $ / ..... so !# is not in t%is pattern. so !# is o'' one. 1/.2in' t%e o'' one out. . 1/ / 1/ ? 1/ : SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e terms at o'' pla+es are . / ? $.......an' at even pla+es is 1/. So : is o'' one. 1?.2in' t%e o'' one out. / 1" 1$ !. "D "? #D SJBUT5JN: 5n t%e above series t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t)o su++essive terms &rom t%e beginning are ? . ? .......... so #D is o'' one. 1$.2in' t%e o'' one out. ./ ?! :D 11D 1"! 1.D SJBUT5JN: T%e above series as &ollo)s: ?C$ $C: :C1D 1DC11 11C1! 1!C1". So it )ill be ./ ?! :D 11D 1"! 1./ so 1.D is )rong. 1:.2in' t%e o'' one out. 1 ! / 1. "1 ./ :1

SJBUT5JN: A'' 1s1uare !s1uare .... /s1uare to t%e terms. so :1 is )rong. !D.2in' t%e o'' one out. 1D. $. /D "D D -#. -:D SJBUT5JN: Subtra+t !D !. "D ". #D #. &rom t%e terms. So D is o'' one. !1.2in' out t%e o'' one out. " 1D !1 "/ .. ?D 1D. SJBUT5JN: T%e pattern in t%e series is 1C" !C. "C? #C: .C11 /C1" ?C1.. So t%e series )ill be " 1D !1 "/ .. ?$ 1D.. So ?D is )rong term in t%e series. !!.2in' out t%e o'' one out. # : 1: ": ?: 1/D "1: SJBUT5JN: Eouble t%e number an' a'' 1 to it. So t%e series )ill be # : ": ?: 1.: "1:. So 1/D is )rong. !".2in' out t%e o'' one out. 1D 1# !$ "! /# /$ 1"!. SJBUT5JN: Alternativel( a'' # an' 'ouble t%e next term. So 1"! is )rong.

E5A"P$E P!OB$E"S:

1.2in' t%e missing term in t%e series: # -$ 1/ -"! /# @ A SJBUT5JN: T%e terms are 'ouble' an' +%ange t%e sign. So t%e next term is -1!$ !.1/ "" /. 1"1 !/1 @ A

SJUT5JN: T%e terms are 'ouble' an' 1 is a''e'. So !/1C161-.!!61-.!" So t%e missing term is .!". ".! / 1! !D "D #! ./ @ T%e pattern is 1 C ! A

SJBUT5JN: !C" "C# #C. .C/ /C? ?C$ $C:. So t%e series is ! / 1! !D "D #! ./ ?!. So ?! is t%e missing term. #. $ !# 1! "/ 1$ .# @ A

SJBUT5JN: Numbers are alternativel( multiplie' b( " an' 'ivi'e' b( !. So t%e next term is .# L ! - !?. .. 1/. 1:. !.. !$. "#. @ SJBUT5JN: A

Ea+% number is 1. multiplie' b( a prime number. i.e t%e series is 1.C11 1.C1" 1.C1? 1.C1: 1.C!" 1.C!:. So series is 1/. 1:. !.. !$. "#. #".. So #". is t%e missing term. /. ? 1/ /" 1!# !1. "#! @ A.

SJBUT5JN: Numbers are !" -1 ""-1 #"-1 ....................so $"-1-.11. So .11 is t%e missing term. ?.! # 1! #$ !#D @ A

SJBUT5JN: Ko on multipl(ing b( ! " # . /. So t%e last term in t%e series is !#DC/-1##D. $.$ ? 11 1! 1# 1? 1? !! @ A

SJBUT5JN: T%ere are t)o series $ 11 1# 1? !D an' ? 1! 1? !! So in+reasing b( " an' ..So !D t%e missing term. :.?1 ?/ /: ?# /? ?! @ A

SJBUT5JN: Alternatel( a'' . an' subtra+t ?. so t%e series is ?16.-?/ 1D.! . : 1: "? SJBUT5JN: Se+on' number is one more t%an t)i+e t%e &irst T%ir' number is one less t%an t)i+e t%e se+on' 2ort% is one more t%an t)i+e t%e t%ir' an' so on. So t%e next number is ! C "? 6 1 - ?#61 - ?.. 11. 2in' t%e )rong number in t%e given series. " $ 1. !# "# #$ /" SJBUT5JN: T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een +onse+utive terms are respe+tivel( . ? : 11 1". So "# is t%e )rong number in t%e series. 1!. 1!. 1D/ $$ ?/ /. .$ ." SJBUT5JN: Subtra+t !# !1 1$ 1. 1! : &rom t%e numbers to get t%e next number. So 1!$ is )rong. 1". 1 1 ! / !# :/ ?!D SJBUT5JN: Multipl( )it% 1 ! " # . / to get t%e next number. So :/ is )rong. 1# . "! "/ #1 /1 $/ 1!! 1?1 !". SJBUT5JN: Se+on' term - 2irst term 6 !! T%ir' term - Se+on' term 6 "! 2ourt% term - T%ir' term 6 #! 2i&t% term - 2ort% term 6 .! Sixt% term - 2i&t% term 6 /! Sevent% term - Sixt% term 6 ?! So t%e t%ir' term s%oul' be #. instea' o& #1. 1. . 1. 1/ "# 1D. #!# !1!# 1!.?/ SJBUT5JN: Se+on' term - 2irst term C 1 6 1 - 1/

T%ir' term - Se+on' term C ! 6 ! - "# 2ort% term - T%ir' Term C " 6 " - 1D. 2i&t% term - 2ort% term C # 6 # - #!# Sixt% term - 2i&t% term C . 6 . -!1!. Sevent% term - Sixt% term C / 6 / - 1!.?/. So !1!# is )rong. 1/ . #D:/D 1D!#D !./D /#D !DD #D 1D SJBUT5JN: Ko on 'ivi'ing b( # t%e series )ill be #D:/D 1D!#D !./D /#D 1/D #D 1D. So !DD is )rong. 1?.? $ 1$ .? !!$ 11/. /::/ SJBUT5JN: Bet t%e numbers be A B 9 E E 2 K t%en A AC161 BC!6! 9C"6" ............ so !$$ is )rong. 1$. 1: !/ "" #/ .: ?# :1 SJBUT5JN: Ko on a''ing ? : 11 1" 1. 1?. So "" is )rong. 1: . 1D !/ ?# !1$ /.# 1:#/ .$"#. SJBUT5JN: Se+on' term - &irst term C " <ST # - !/. T%ir' term - Se+on' term C " <ST # -?# 2ort% term - T%ir' term C " <ST # -!1$ 2i&t% term - 2ort% term C " <ST # -/.D So /.# is )rong . *RJBAB5B5TY

Ea*ER5MENT:An operation )%i+% +an pro'u+e some )ell-'e&ine' out+ome is +alle' an experiment. RANEJM Ea*ER5MENT : An experiment in )%i+% all possible out +omes are 7no)n an' t%e exa+t output +annot be pre'i+te' in a'van+e is +alle' a ran'om experiment. Ea: 1A Rolling an unbiase' 'i+e. !A Tossing a &air +oin. "A Era)ing a +ar' &rom a pa+7 o& )ell-s%u&&le' +ar's . #A*i+7ing up a ball o& +ertain +olour &rom a bag +ontaining balls o& 'i&&erent +olours. EETA5BS: 1A M%en )e t%ro)n a +oin t%en eit%er a 0ea'@0A or a Tail@TA appears. !AA 'i+e is a soli' +ube %aving / &a+es mar7e' 1 ! " # . / respe+tivel(. M%en )e t%ro) a 'ie t%e out+ome is t%e number t%at appears on its upper &a+e. "AA pa+7 o& +ar's %as .! +ar's. 5t %as 1" +ar's o& ea+% suit namel( spa'es +lubs %earts an' 'iamon's. 9ar's o& spa'es an' +lubs are bal+7 +ar's. 9ar's o& %earts an' 'iamon's are re' +ar's. T%ere are &our %onours o& ea+% suit. T%ese are A+es Pings 1ueens an' pa+7s. T%ese are +alle' 2a+e +ar's. SAM*BE S*A9E:M%en )e per&orm an experiment t%en t%e set o& S o& all possible out+omes is +alle' t%e Sample spa+e . Ea: 1A5n tossing a +oin S- V0 TW. !A5& t)o +oins are tosse' t%en S- V00 0T T0 TTW. "A5n rolling a 'i+e )e %ave S-V1 ! " # . /W.

EIENT: An( subset o& a sample spa+e is +alle' an Event. *robabilit( o& o++urren+e o& an Event: Bet S be t%e sample spa+e. Bet E be t%e Event. T%en E +S i.e E is subset o& S t%en probabilit( o& E p@EA -n@EALn@SA. Reults on *robabilit(: 1A*@SA -1. !AD U *@EA U 1 probabilit( o& an event lies bet)een D an' 1. Max value o& probabilit( o& an event is one. "A*@qrA-D. #A2or an( events A an' B )e %ave . *@AUBA -*@AA 6*@BA -*@AnBA. .A5& A 'enotes @not -AA t%en *@AA -1-*@AA *@AA6*@AA -1. *RJBBEMS: 1AAn biase' 'ie is tosse'.2in' t%e probabilit( o& getting a multiple o& "; Sol: 0ere )e %ave sample spa+e S-V1 ! " # . /W. Bet E be t%e event o& getting a multiple o& ". T%en E-V" /W. *@EA -n@EALn@SA. n@EA -! n@SA -/. *@EA -!L/ *@EA -1L". !A5n a simultaneous t%ro) o& a pair o& 'i+e &in' t%e probabilit( o& getting a total more t%an ?; Sol: 0ere )e %ave sample spa+e n@SA -/C/ -"/. Bet E be t%e event o& getting a total more t%an ?. -V@1 /A @! .A @" #A @# "A@. !A @/ 1A@! /A @" .A @# #A @. "A @/ !A @# .A @. #A @. .A @# /A @/ #AW n@EA -1. *@EA - n@EALn@SA - 1.L"/. *@EA - .L1!. "AA bag +ontains / )%ite an' # bla+7 balls .T)o balls are 'ra)n at ran'om .2in' t%e probabilit( t%at t%e( are o& t%e same +olour; Sol: Bet S be t%e sample spa+e. Number o& )a(s &or 'ra)ing t)o balls out o& / )%ite an' # re' balls - 1D9! -1D]L@$]C!]A - #.. n@SA -#.. Bet E -event o& getting bot% balls o& t%e same +olour. T%en n@EA -number o& )a(s o& 'ra)ing @ !balls out o& /A or @! balls out o& #A. - /9! 6#9! - /]L@#]C!]A 6 #]L@!] C!]A - /C.L! 6# C"L! -1.6/ -!1. *@EA -n@EALn@SA -!1L#. -?L#.. #AT)o 'i+e are t%ro)n toget%er .M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at t%e sum o& t%e number on t%e t)o &a+es is 'ivisible b( # or /; Sol: n@SA - /C/ -"/. E be t%e event &or getting t%e sum o& t%e number on t%e t)o &a+es is 'ivisible b( # or /. E-V@1 "A@1 .A@! #;A@! !A@" .A@" "A@! /A@" 1A@# !A@# #A@. 1A@. "A@/ !A@/ /AW n@EA -1#. 0en+e *@EA -n@EALn@SA - 1#L"/. *@EA - ?L1$

.AT)o +ar's are 'ra)n at ran'om &rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at eit%er bot% are bla+7 or bot% are 1ueens; Sol: total number o& )a(s &or +%oosing ! +ar's &rom .! +ar's is -.!9! -.! ]L @.D]C!]A - 1"!/. Bet A- event o& getting bot%e bla+7 +ar's. Bet B- event o& getting bot%e 1ueens AnB-Event o& getting 1ueens o& bla+7 +ar's n@AA -!/9!. Me %ave !/ bla+7 +ar's &rom t%at )e %ave to +%oose ! +ar's. n@AA -!/9!-!/]L@!#]C!]A - !/C!.L!-"!. &rom .! +ar's )e %ave # 1ueens. n@BA - #9! - #]L@!]C !]A -/ n@AnBA -!9!. -1 *@AA - n@AA Ln@SA -"!.L1"!/ *@BA - n@BALn@SA - /L1"!/ *@A n BA - n@A n BALn@SA - 1L1"!/ *@A u BA - *@AA 6*@BA -*@AnBA - "!.L1"!/ 6 /L1"!/ -1L1"!/ - ""DL1"!/ *@AuBA - ..L!!1 /AT)o 'i+e' are tosse' t%e probabilit( t%at t%e total s+ore is a prime number; Number o& total )a(s n@SA -/ C / -"/ E -event t%at t%e sum is a prime number. T%en E-V@1 1A@1 !A@1 #A@1 /A@! 1A@! "A@! .A@" !A@" #A@# 1A@# "A@. !A@. /A@/ 1A@/ .AW n@EA -1. *@EA -n@EALn@SA - 1.L"/ *@EA - .L1! ?AT)o 'i+e are t%ro)n simultaneousl( .)%at is t%e probabilit( o& getting t)o numbers )%ose pro'u+t is even; Sol : 5n a simultaneous t%ro) o& t)o 'i+e )e %ave n@SA - /C/ - "/ E -Event o& getting t)o numbers )%ose pro'u+t is even E -V@1 !A@1 #A@1 /A@! 1A@! !A@! "A@! #A@! .A@! /A@" !A@" #A@" /A@# 1A @# !A@# "A@# #A@# .A@# /A@. !A@. #A@. /A@/ 1A@/ !A@/ "A@/ #A@/ .A@/ /AW n@EA - !? *@EA - n@EALn@SA - !? L"/ *@EA -"L# probabilit( o& getting t)o numbers )%ose pro'u+t is even is e1uals to "L#. $A5n a lotter( t%ere are 1D proGes an' !. blan7s.A lotter( is 'ra)n at ran'om. )%at is t%e probabilit( o& getting a priGe ; Sol: B( 'ra)ing lotter( at ran'om )e %ave n@SA -1D916!.91 - 1D6!. - ".. E -event o& getting a priGe. n@EA -1D91 -1D out o& 1D proGes )e %ave to get into one priGe .T%e number o& )a(s 1D91. n@EA -1D n@SA -". *@EA -n@EALn@SA -1DL". - !L? *robabilit( is !L?. :A5n a +lass "D ^ o& t%e stu'ents o&&ere' Englis% !D ^ o&&ere' 0in'i an' 1D ^o&&ere' Bot%.5& a stu'ent is o&&ere' at ran'om )%a.t is t%e probabilit( t%at %e %as o&&ere' Englis% or 0in'i; Englis% o&&ere' stu'ents -"D ^. 0in'i o&&ere' stu'ents -!D^ Bot% o&&ere' stu'ents -1D ^ T%en onl( englis% o&&ere' stu'ents E -"D -1D -!D ^ onl( 0in'i o&&ere' stu'ents S -!D -1D ^

- 1D ^ All t%e stu'ents -1DD^ -E 6S 6E or S 1DD -!D 61D 6 E or S 6E an' S 0in'i or Englis% o&&ere' stu'ents -1DD -!D-1D-1D -/D ^ *robabilit( t%at %e %as o&&ere' Englis% or 0in'i -/DL1DD

- !L.

1DA A box +ontains !D ele+tri+bulbs out o& )%i+% # are 'e&e+tive t)o bulbs are +%osen at ran'om &rom t%is box.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at at least one o& t%ese is 'e&e+tive ; Sol: out o& !D bulbs # bulbs are 'e&e+tive. 1/ bulbs are &avourable bulbs. E - event &or getting no bulb is 'e&e+tive. n@EA -1/ 9 ! out o& 1/ bulbs )e %ave to +%oose ! bulbs ran'oml( .so t%e number o& )a(s -1/ 9 ! n@EA -1/ 9! n@SA -!D 9 ! *@EA -1/ 9!L!D9! - 1!L1: probabilit( o& at least one is 'e&e+tive 6 probabilit( o& one is non 'e&e+tive -1 *@EA 6 *@EA -1 1!L1: 6*@EA -1 *@E<S_A -?L1: 11AA box +ontains 1D blo+7 an' 1D )%ite balls.M%at is t%e probabilit( o& 'ra)ing t)o balls o& t%e same +olour; Sol: Total number o& balls -1D 61D -!D balls Bet S be t%e sample spa+e. n@SA -number o& )a(s 'ra)ing ! balls out o& !D - !D 9! - !D ]L@1$] C!]A - 1:D. Bet E -event o& 'ra)ing ! balls o& t%e same +olour. n@EA -1D9!6 1D9! - !@1D 9!A - :D *@EA -n@EALn@SA *@EA -:DL1:D - :L1: 1!A A bag +ontains # )%ite balls . re' an' / blue balls .T%ree balls are 'ra)n at ran'om &rom t%e bag.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at all o& t%em are re' ; Sol: Bet S be t%e sample spa+e. T%en n@SA -number o& )a(s 'ra)ing " balls out o& 1.. -1. 9". -#.. Bet E -event o& getting all t%e " re' balls. n@EA - . 9" -.9! - 1D *@EA -n@EA Ln@SA -1DL#.. -!L:1. 1"A2rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's one +ar' is 'ra)n at ran'om.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at t%e +ar' is a 1D or a spa'e; Sol: Total no o& +ar's are .!. T%ese are 1" spa'es in+lu'ing tne an' t%ere are " more tens. n@EA -1"6" - 1/ *@EA -n@EALn@SA. -1/L.! *@EA -#L1". 1#A A man an' %is )i&e appear in an intervie) &or t)o va+an+ies in t%e same post. T%e probabilit( o& %usban'Fs sele+tion is 1L? an' t%e probabililt( o& )i&eFs sele+tion is 1L.. M%at is t%e probabililt( t%at onl( one o& t%em is sele+te'; Sol: let A -event t%at t%e %usban' is sele+te'. B - event t%at t%e )i&e is sele+te'. E - Event &or onl( one o& t%em is sele+te'. *@AA -1L?

an' p@BA -1L.. *@AFA -*robabilit( o& %usban' is not sele+te' is -1-1L?-/L? *@BFA -*robailit( o& )i&e is not sele+te' -1-1L.-#L? *@EA -*Q@A an' BFA or @B an' AFAR - *@A an' BFA 6*@B an' AFA - *@AA*@BFA 6 *@BA*@AFA - 1L?C#L. 6 1L. C/L? *@EA -#L". 6/L".-1DL". -!L? 1.Aone +ar' is 'ra)n at ran'om &rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at t%e +ar' 'ra)n is a &a+e +ar'; Sol: T%ere are .! +ar's out o& )%i+% t%ere 1/ &a+e +ar's. *@getting a &a+e +ar'A -1/L.! - #L1" 1/A T%e probabilit( t%at a +ar' 'ra)n &rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's )ill be a 'iamon' or a 7ing; Sol: 5n .! +ar's 1" +ar's are 'iamon' in+lu'ing one 7ing t%ere are " more 7ings. E event o& getting a 'iamon' or a 7ing. n@EA -1" 6" - 1/ *@EA -n@EA Ln@SA -1/L.! -#L1" 1?A T)o +ar's are 'ra)n toget%er &rom apa+7 o& .! +ar's.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at one is a spa'e an' one is a %eart ; Sol: S be t%e sample spa+e t%e n @SA -.!9! -.!C.1L! -1"!/ let E -event o& getting ! 7ings out o& # 7ings n@EA -#9! -/ *@EA -n@EALn@SA -/L1"!/ -1L!!1 1$A T)o +ar's are 'ra)n toget%er &rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at one is a spa'e an' one is a %eart; Sol: Bet S be t%e sample spa+e t%en n@SA -.!9! -1"!/ E - Event o& getting 1 spa'e an' 1 %eart. n@EA -number o& )a(s o& +%oosing 1 spa'e out o& 1" an' 1 %eart out o& 1". - 1"91C1"91 -1/: *@EA- n@EALn@SA -1/:L1"!/ -1"L1D!. 1:A T)o +ar's are 'ra)n &rom a pa+7 o& .! +ar's .M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at eit%er bot% are Re' or bot% are Pings; Sol: S be t%e sample spa+e. n@SA -T%e number o& )a(s &or 'ra)ing ! +ar's &rom .! +ar's. n@SA -.!9! -1"!/ E1 be t%e event o& getting bot%e re' +ar's. E! be t%e event o& getting bot% are 7ings. E1nE! -Event o& getting ! 7ings o& re' +ar's. Me %ave !/ re' balls.2rom !/ balls )e %ave to +%oose ! balls. n@E1A -!/9! - !/C!.L! -"!. Me %ave # 7ings .out o& # 7ings )e %ave to +%oose' ! balls. n@E!A -#9! -/ n@E1nE!A -!9! -1 *@E1A - n@E1ALn@SA -"!.L1"!/ *@E!A -n@E!ALn@SA -/L1"!/ *@E1nE!A -n@E1nE!ALn@SA -1L1"!/ *@bot% re' or bot% 7ingsA - *@E1UE!A - *@E1A 6*@E!A-*@E1nE!A

-"!.L1"!/ 6/L1"!/ -1L1"!/ -""DL1"!/ -..L!!1 *ERMUTAT5JNS ANE 9JMB5NAT5JNS 9JN9E*T 2ormulae:-, 2a+torial Notation :- Bet n be positive integer.T%en &a+torial n 'entoe' b( n] is 'e&ine' as n] - n@n-1A@n-!A. . . . . . . .".!.1 eg:- .] - @. C #C " C ! C 1A - 1!D D] - 1 -,*ermutations :- T%e 'i&&erent arrangements o& a given number o& t%ings b( ta7ing some or all at a time are +alle' permutations. eg:- All permutations@ or arrangementsAma'e )it% t%e letters a b + b( ta7ing t)o at a time are @ab ba a+ +a b+ +bA -,Numbers o& permutations :- Number o& all permutations o& n t%ings ta7en r at a time is given b( n*r - n@n-1A@n-!A. . .. . . @n-r61A - n] L @n-rA] -,An 5mportant Result :- 5& t%ere are n ob[e+ts o& )%i+% p1 are ali7e o& one 7in' Y p! are ali7e o& anot%er 7in' Y p" are ali7e o& t%ir' 7in' an' so on an' pr are ali7e o& rt% 7in' su+% t%at @p16p!6. . . . . . . . prA - n T%en number o& permutations o& t%ese n ob[e+ts is: n] L @p1]A.@p!]A. . . . .@pr]A -,9ombinations :- Ea+% o& 'i&&erent groups or sele+tions )%i+% +an be &orme' b( ta7ing some or all o& a number o& ob[e+ts is +alle' a +ombination. eg:- Suppose )e )ant to sele+t t)o out o& t%ree bo(s A B 9 . t%en possible sele+tion are AB B9 \ 9A. Note t%at AB an' BA represent t%e same sele+tion. -, Number o& 9ombination :- T%e number o& all +ombination o& n t%ings ta7en r at atime is: n9r - n] L @r]A@n-rA] - n@n-1A@n-!A. . . . . . . tor &a+tors L r] Note t%at : n9n - 1 an' n9D -1 An 5mportant Result : n9r - n9@n-rA *RJBBEMS Sol:1.Evaluate "D]L!$] "D]L!$] - "D C !: C @!$]A L @!$]A - "D C !: -$?D

!.2in' t%e value o& /D*" Sol:- /D*" - /D] L @/D <ST "A] - /D] L .?] - @/D C .: C.$ C @.?]A AL .?] - /D C .: C.$ - !D."!D ". 2in' t%e value o& 1DD9:$ .D9 .D Sol:1DD9:$ - 1DD91DD-:$A - 1DD C :: L ! C1 - #:.D .D9.D - 1

#.0o) man( )or's +an be &orme' b( using all t%e letters o& t%e )or' <SsEAUK0TR<S so t%at vo)els al)a(s +ome toget%er \ vo)els are never toget%er; Sol:- @iA Kiven )or' +ontains $ 'i&&erent letters M%en t%e vo)els AUE are al)a(s toget%er )e ma( suppose t%em to &orm an entit( treate' as one letter t%en t%e letter to be arrange' are EA0TR@AUEA t%ese / letters +an be arrange' in /p/ - /] - ?!D )a(s T%e vo)els in t%e group @AUEA ma( be arrange' in "] - / )a(s Re1uire' number o& )or's - ?/D C / -#"!D @iiATotal number o& )or's &orme' b( using all t%e letters o& t%e given )or's $] - $ C ? C / C . C # C " C ! C 1 - #D"!D Number o& )or's ea+% %aving vo)els toget%er - ?/D C / - #"!D Number o& )or's ea+% %aving vo)els never toget%er - #D"!D <ST #"!D - "/DDD ..5n %o) man( )a(s +an a +ri+7et eleven be +%osen out o& a bat+% o& 1. pla(ers. Sol:- Re1uire' number o& )a(s - 1.9 11 - 1.9 @1.-11A - 1. 9 # 1.9# - 1. C 1# C 1" C 1! L # C " C ! C1 - 1"/. /.5n %o) man( a +ommittee o& . members +an be sele+te' &rom /men . la'ies +onsisting o& " men an' ! la'ies Sol:@" men out o& /A an' @! la'ies out o& .A are to be +%osen Re1uire' number o& )a(s -@/9" C .9!A - !DD ?.0o) man( #-letter )or' )it% or )it%out meaning +an be &orme' out o& t%e letters o& t%e )or' FBJKAR5T0MSF i& repetition o& letters is not allo)e' Sol:FBJKAR5T0MSF +ontains 1D 'i&&erent letters Re1uire' number o& )or's - Number o& arrangements o& 1DD letters ta7ing # at a time - 1D*# - 1D C : C $ C ? - .D#D $.5n %o) man( )a(s +an t%e letter o& )or' FBEAEERF be arrange' Sol:T%e )or' FBEAEERF +ontains / letters namel( 1B !E 1A 1E an' 1R Re1uire' number o& )a(s - /] L @1]A@!]A@1]A@1]A@1]A - / C . C # C " C ! C1 L ! C 1 -"/D :.0o) man( arrangements +an be ma'e out o& t%e letters o& t%e )or' FMAT0EMAT59SF be arrange' so t%at t%e vo)els al)a(s +ome toget%er Sol:5n t%e )or' F MAT0EMAT59SF )e treat vo)els AEA5 as one letter t%us )e %ave MT0MT9S@AEA5A no) )e %ave to arrange $ letters out o& )%i+% M o++urs t)i+e T o++urs t)i+e \ t%e rest are 'i&&erent Number o& )a(s o& arranging t%ese letters - $] L @!]A@!]A

- 1DD$D no) AEA5 %as # letters in )%i+% A o++urs ! times an' t%e rest are 'i&&erent Number o& )a(s o& arranging t%ese letters - #] L !] - 1! Re1uire' number o& )or's - @1DD$D C 1!A - 1!D:/D 1D.5n %o) man( 'i&&erent )a(s +an t%e letter o& t%e )or' FEETA5BF be arrange' in su+% a )a( t%at t%e vo)els o++up( onl( t%e o'' positions Sol:- T%ese are / letters in t%e given )or' out o& )%i+% t%ere are " vo)els an' " +onsonants Bet us mar7 t%ese positions as un'er @1A@!A @"A @#[email protected]@/A no) " vo)els +an be pla+e' at an( o& t%e t%ree pla+es out o& # mar7e' 1 " . Number o& )a(s o& arranging t%e vo)els - "*" - "] -/ Also t%e " +onsonants +an be arrange' at t%e remaining " positions Number o& arrangements - "*" - / Total number o& )a(s - @/ C /A -"/ 11.0o) man( " 'igit numbers +an be &orme' &rom t%e 'igits ! " . / ? an' : )%i+% are 'ivisible b( . an' none o& t%e 'igits is repeate'; Sol:- Sin+e ea+% 'esire' number is 'ivisible b( . so )e mu+% %ave . at t%e unit pla+e. T%e %un're's pla+e +an no) be &ille' b( an( o& t%e remaining # 'igits .so t%ere # )a(s o& &illing it. Re1uire' number o& numbers - @1 C . C #A - !D 1!.5n %o) man( )a(s +an !1 boo7s on Englis% an' 1: boo7s on 0in'i be pla+e' in a ro) on a sel& so t%at t)o boo7s on 0in'i ma( not be toget%er; Sol:5n or'er t%at t)o boo7s on 0in'i are never toget%er )e must pla+e all t%ese boo7s as un'er: aEaEa..........aEa M%ere E 'enotes t%e position o& an Englis% an' a t%at o& a 0in'i boo7. Sin+e t%ere are !1 boo7s on Englis% t%e number o& pla+es mar7e' a are t%ere&ore !!. No) 1: pla+es out o& !! +an be +%osen in !! 9 1: - !! 9 " -!! C !1 C !D L " C ! C1 0en+e t%e re1uire' number o& )a(s - 1.#D 1".Jut o& ? +onstants an' # vo)els %o) man( )or's o& " +onsonants an' ! vo)els +an be &orme'; Sol:Number o& )a(s o& sele+ting @" +onsonants out o& ?A an' @! vo)els out o& #A - ?9" C #9! - !1D Number o& groups ea+% %aving " +onsonants an' ! vo)els - !1D Ea+% group +ontains . letters Number o& )a(s o& arranging . letters among t%emselves - .] - @. C # C " C ! C 1A - !1D Re1uire' number o& )or's - @!1D C !1DA - !.!DD *U88BES *uGGles are 'ealt in a 'etaile' manner )it% +ertain solutions. Ei&&erent puGGles are gat%ere' &rom S%a7untalaEevi<S_s puGGle boo7s. Peeping in min' +ertain puGGles &or 5n&os(s some reasoning problems are also 'ealt.

*uGGle name at t%e top o& ea+% problem )ill give a brie& i'ea regar'ing t%e mo'e o& appli+ation. SEBE9T5NK A 9ANE5EATE 2or an a'vertisement o& six lo+al posts t)elve persons applie' &or t%e [ob.9an (ou tell in %o) man( 'i&&erent )a(s t%e sele+tion +an be ma'e; Solution: /c1! SET J2 BAT ANE BABB M%en 5 )ante' to bu( a bat an' ball t%e s%op7eeper sai' t%e( )oul' toget%er +ost Rs.".?..But 5 'i' not )ant to bu( a ball.T%e s%op7eeper sai' t%at bat )oul' +ost ?.paise more t%an t%e ball.M%at )as t%e +ost o& bat an' t%e ball; Soluton: Kiven t%at bat an' ball toget%er +ost Rs.".?. - "?.paise Bet +ost o& t%e ball alone be x. Kiven +ost o& t%e bat is ?.p greater t%an +ost o& t%e ball. So +ost o& t%e bat - x6?. x6x6?. - "?. !x - "?. <ST ?. !x - "DD x - 1.Dp 0en+e +ost o& t%e ball - Rs.1..D -,9ost o& t%e bat - 1..D 6 ?. - Rs.!.!. *BAY5NK 905BEREN A group o& bo(s an' girls are pla(ing.1. bo(s leave.T%ere remain ! girls &or ea+% bo(.T%en #. girls leave.T%ere remain . bo(s &or ea+% girl.0o) man( bo(s )ere in t%e orginal group; Solution: Bet B an' K represent no.o& bo(s an' girls in t%e original group respe+tivel(. K ---------, ! B-1. ----------, 1 KLB-1. - !L1 i.e. ! girls are le&t &or 1. bo(s )%o are alone. K-#. --------------------,1 B-1. -------------------------,. . bo(s are le&t out )%en 1. girls are alone. -,KLB-1.-!L1 --------------------------------@1A

-,K-#.LB-1. -1L. ----------------------------@!A @1A \ @!A -, K - !B-"D .K <ST !!. - B - 1.

. @ !B <ST "D A - B <ST 1. 6 !!. 1DB - B <ST 1. 6 !!. 6 1.D :B - "/D B - #D @1A-, KL#D-1. - ! K-.D girls. SJBINK *RJBBEMS Res%ma appeare' &or a mat%s exam.S%e )as given 1DD problems to solve.S%e trie' to solve all o& t%em +orre+tl( but some )ent )rong.But s%e s+ore' $.. 0er s+ore )as +al+ulate' b( subtra+ting t)o times t% no.o& )rong ans)ers &rom t%e no.o& +orre+t ans)ers.0o) man( problems 'i' Res%ma 'o +orre+tl(; Soluton: Assume M as )rong ans)ers an' R as +orre+t ans)ers Kiven total no.o& 1uestions as 1DD R6M-1DD ---------------------------@1A S+ore is +al+ulate' b( subtra+ting ! times )rong ans)ers@!MA &rom rig%t ans)ers@RA an' given as $. R-!M-$. -------------------------------@!A @!A-@1A R-!M-$. R6M-1DD --------------------M-. 0en+e 1DD-.-:. is t%e no.o& +orre+t ans)ers o& Res%ma. A RUNNNK RA9E Sne%a S%ilpa Sus%ma [oin a running ra+e.T%e 'istan+e is 1.DD metres.Sne%a beats S%ilpa b( "D metres an' Sus%ma b( 1DD metres.B( %o) mu+% +oul' S%ilpa beat Sus%ma over t%e &ull 'istan+e i& t%e( bot% ran as be&ore; Solution: Total 'istan+e +overe' b( Sne%a-1.DDm S%ilpa-1.DD-"D-1#?D Sne%a -1.DD-1DD-1#DD Eistan+e +overe' b( S%ilpa-1.DDC1#DDL1#?D-1#!$./ Eistan+e to be +overe' b( S%ilpa to beat Sus%ma over &ull 'istan+e 1.DD-1#!$./-?1.#m 25BB5NK A 95STERN *ipe S1 +an &ill a +istern in ! %ours an' pipe S! in " %ours.*ipe S" +an empt( it in . %ours.Supposing all t%e pipes are turne' on )%en t%e +istern is +ompetel( empt( %o) long )ill it ta7e to &ill; Solution:

S1 &ills +istern in 1L! %ours S! &ills +istern in 1L" %ours S" empties it in 1L. %ours A t%e pipes S1 S! S" )or7ing i.e. &illing t%e +istern 1L!61L"-1L.-1.61D-/L"D-!.-/L"D-1:L"D No.o& %ours to &ill-"DL1:-1 11f1:%ours.

SENUEN9E *RJBBEMS M%at are t%e next t)o terms in t%e se1uen+e;1 1 . 1? /1 !1?................. Solution: T%e or'er in t%is +ases is Tn-"CTn-1 6!CTn-! - "@!1?A6!@/1A - ??" Tn61-"@??"A6!@!?1A -!"1:6.#! -!?."

SENUEN9ES M%at are t%e next t)o terms in t%e se1uen+e; 1 1 . 1? /1 !1?................. Solution: Tn-"Tn-16!Tn-! -"@!1?A6!@/1A -??" Tn61-"@??"A6!@!1?A-!?." M%at are t%e next t%ree terms to t%e series; 16"6?61.6"16/"........... Solution: A+tual term is !exp n-1. T%e next t%ree terms are: !exp?-1-1!? !exp$-1-!.. !exp:-1-.11 A *RJBBEM J2 S0J**5NK Samsrita )ent out &or s%opping b( ta7ing )it% %er Rs.1.L- in one rupee notes an' !Dp +oins.Jn return s%e %a' as man( one rupee notes as s%e originall( %a' an' as man( !Dp +oins as s%e %a' one rupee notes.S%e +ame ba+7 )it% 1L"r' )it%

)%at s%e %a'.0o) mu+% 'i' Samsrita spen' an' %o) mu+% 'i' s%e ta7e; Solution: Bet x be no.o& rupee notes ( be no.o& !Dp+oins. So )%en going &or s%opping 1DDx6!D( paise )ere t%ere )it% Samsrita. Jn return s%e %a' 1DD(6!Dx paise. Also it is given t%at s%e %a' 1L" r' o& t%e orginal amount. 1L"@1Dx6!D(A-1DD(6!Dx -,#x-!$D( -,x-?( (-1 -, x-? total -?.!D U1. (-! -,x-1# total-1#.#Dt-1. (-" -,x-!1 total-!1./D ,,1. 0en+e t%e suitable value nearer to t%e amunt is 1#.#D an' so is t%e amount Samsrita +arrie' )it% %er. 1L"@1##DA-#$Dpaise. Rs.#.$DL- is amount spent b( Samsrita.

A *U88BE J2 9UBTURAB KRJU*S Biterar( Eramati+ Musi+al Ean+ing an' *ainting are t%e . groups o& a +lub.Biterar( group meets ever( ot%er 'a( 'ramati+ ever( t%ir' 'a( musi+al ever( &ourt% 'a( 'an+ing ever( &i&t% 'a( painting ever( sixt% 'a(.2ive groups meet on Ne)Years 'a( o& 1:?. an' starting &rom t%at 'a( t%e( met regularl( on s+%e'ule. 0o) man( times 'i' all t%e . groups meet on same 'a( in &irst 1uarter ex+lu'ing pan1 1:?..0o) man( 'a(s 'i' none o& t%em met; Solution: B9M o& ! " # . / is /D. 0en+e ex+lu'ing pan1 1:?. t%e( met on ever( /1st 'a(. /DL!-"D /DL"-!D /DL#-1. /DL.-1! /DL/-1D Biterar( meet &or "D ! 'a( intervals. Eramati+ meet &or !D " 'a( intervals. Musi+al meet &or 1. # 'a( intervals. Ean+ing meet &or 1! . 'a( intervals. *aintng meet &or 1D / 'a( intervals. 2irst 1uartr implies " mont%s )it% :D 'a(s. So inor'er to a ns)er t%at %o) man( 'a(s 'o t%e( 'onLt meet atleast on+e in &irst 1uarter is got b( roun'ing all ot%er +ategories. B( +ounting all t%e intervals &or ot%er groups no.o& 'a(s in pan $ 2eb ? Mar :. Total is !#. STJBEN MANKJES

T%ree naug%t( bo(s stole some mangoes &rom a gar'en.Among t%em one +ounte' an' ate one.2rom t%e remain'er %e too7 pre+ise t%ir' an' )ent ba+7 to sleep. A&ter sometime se+on' bo( )o7e up +ounte' t%e mangoes ate one too7 an exa+t t%ir' o& t%e remaining an' )ent ba+7 to sleep. A&ter sometime t%ir' bo( also 'i' t%e same.5n t%e morning t%e( &oun' one )%i+% )as rotten an' %en+e t%re) it a)a( &rom t%e remain'er t%e( ma'e an exa+t 'ivision.0o) man( mangoes 'i' t%e( steal; Solution: Bet t%e noo& mangoes be x A&ter t%e &irst bo( %a' eaten noo& mangoes -x-1 A&ter ta7ing 1L" r' o& remaining it is !x-!L" Se+on' bo( ate one an' to7 1L" t%en it is !@!x-!L" -1A-#x-1DL: T%ir' bo( ate an' to7 1L" as !@#x-1:AL!?-$x-"$L!? Ee'u+ting t%e rotten one &rom remaining noog& mangoes le&t-$x-"$L!?-$x-?/.L!? T%is is 'ivi'e' among t%e t%ree e1uall( $x-/.L!?-"n $x-$1n6/. Bet n be e1ual to o'' number !b61 $x-$1@!b61A6/. #x-$1b6?" Bet b-!+61 #x-$1@!+61A6?" !x-$1+6?? Bet +-!'61 x-$1'6?: Beast value o& x &or '-D is ?: &or '-1 is 1/D &or '-" is !#1 Jn ver&i+ation ?:-1-?$L"-!/ 0en+e ?: is t%e +orre+t ans)er. AN EBE9T5JN *RJBBEM M( +lub %a' a problem re+entl(.T%e( %a' to appoint a Sse+retar( &rom among t%e men an' a [oint se+retar( &rom among t%e )omen. Me %ave a members%ip o& 1! men an' 1D )omen.5n %o) man( )a(s +an t%e sele+tion be ma'e; Solution: As per t%e permutations an' +ombinatins +on+ept o& mat%emati+s out o& 1! men one sele+te' as se+retar( +an be 'one in 1!+1 )a(s out o& 1D )omen one sele+te' as [oint se+retar( +an be 'one in 1D+1 )a(s 0en+e one se+rtar( an' one [oint se+retar( is 1!C1D-1!D

SNA**5NK A *BANE A plane %as a span o& 1! metres.5t )as p%otograp%e' as it )as &l(ing 'ire+tl( over%ea' )it% a +amera )it% a 'ept% o& 1!+m.5n t%e p%oto t%e span o& t%e plane )as same.9an (ou tell %o) %ig%er )as t%e plane )%en it )as snappe'; Solution: A+tual span o& t%e plane )as 1!m Span o& t%e plane n p%otograp% )as $DDm Eept% o& t%e plane is 1!DDDm-1!+m 0en+e %eig%t o& t%e plane )%en p%otograp%e' be x 1!DDD:$DD - x:1! x-1$Dm A T0RST *RJBBEM *ramat%a an' *ranat%i )ent +amping.T%e( too7 t%eir o)n )ater in bg plasti+ bottles. *ramat%a got t%irst( an' 'ran7 %al& t%e )ater in %er bottle.A little later on s%e 'ran7 1L" & )%at )as le&t.Sometime a&ter)ar's s%e 'ran7 1L# o& )%at remaine' an' so on *ranat%i also %a' a bottle o& t%e same siGe.S%e 'ran7 %al& t%e bottle at t%e &irst instan+e %al& o& )%at remaine' )%en s%e 'ran7 next an' so on. A&tr ea+% too7 1D 'rins t%e )ater *ramat%a le&t )as %o) man( times greatr t%an t%e )ater *ranat%i %a' le&t; Soltuion: *ramat%a &or t%e &irst 'rin7 1L! &or t%e se+on' 'rin7 1L" &or t%e t%ir' 'rin7 1L# S%e 'ran7 1D times an' %en+e b( t%e en' o& t%e 1Dt% 'rin7 1L11 o& )ater s%e %a' in t%e bottle )as over. *ranat%i &or t%e &irst 'rin7 1L! &or t%e se+on' 'rin 1L# &or t%e t%ir' 'rin7 1L$ So *ranat%i as per t%e given in&ormation %as 'run7 1L1D!# o& )ater s%e %a' in t%e bottle. Mater le&t &or *ramat%aLMater le&t &or *ranat%i-1L11 L 1L1D!# -1D!#L11 NAME J2 T0E Ea90ANKE 5n KreatBritain some (ears ago t%e &irst t%reeletters o& a telep%one number us' to in'i+ate t%e name o& t%e ex+%ange0o) man( su+% arrangements o& " letters is it possible to 'evise &rom t%e !/ letters o& t%e alp%abet; Solution: 2or permutations t%e no.o& )a(s to sele+t is npr-n]L@n-rA] 0en+e out o& !/ letters t%e possible out+omes are !/p"-!/]L!"]-1./DD IABUE J2 T0E SER5ES Ta7e a goo' loo7 at t%e &ollo)ing series. 1-1L"61L.-1L?61L:-1L1161L1".................... 2in' t%e value o& t%e series an' multipl( t%e ans)er b( #.You )ill not+e t%at a )ell-7no)n vale approximates t%is pro'u+t.Even more interestng is t%at as (ou a'' more terms t%e approximation be+omes +loser.

Solution: T%s is an Arit%meti+ progresson )it% value .?/ )%en t)o terms a''e be+omes .?? an' multipli'' b( # it be+omes ".D# an' ".D$ repeatition it is ".1# )%i+% pi value a'[uste' to ! 'e+imals. *BANT5NK TREES 5& (ou )is%e' to plant some trees so t%at ea+% )as e1ui'istant &rom ever( pt%er tree )%at is t%e largest number (ou )oul' plant; Solution: 2rom t%e above in&ormatin as per e1ui'stant &ormula o& triangle it is an e1uilateral triangle. *lanting at all t%e t%ree +orners onl( " +an be plante'. T%e +entroi' is t%e mi''le point pla+e' exa+tl( e1ui'istant &rom all t%e +orners. 0en+e # plants +an be plante' at eu1i'istant. BENKT0 J2 A TRA5N A train is travelling at t%e spee' o& :/ 7mp%.5t ta7es " se+on's to enter a tunnel an' "D se+on's more to pass t%orug% it +ompletel(.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e train an' t%e tunnel; Solution: Spee' o& t%e train-:.C.L1$ mLse+ Time ta7en-"sse+ Bengt% o& t%e train-:/C.L1$C"-$Dm Bengt% o& t%e tunnel-:/C.L1$C"D-$DDm A KAME J2 B5BB5ARES Ra[v San[iv Iina( )ere pla(ing a game o& Billiar's.Ra[iv +an give San[iv 1D points in .D an' San[iv +an give 1D points in .D.0o) man( points in .D must Ra[iv gve San[iv to ma7e an even game; Solution: Ra[iv .D San[iv #D #D

San[iv .D Iina( San[iv #D

Iina( #DC#DL.D-"! San[iv #D Iina( "!

Ra[iv .D

Ra[iv gains 1$ points t%an Iina( @.D-"!-1$A MJMEN AT 9BUB SJ95ABS Momen outnumbere' men b( 1/ at a +lub so+ial.Seventimes t%e no.o& )omen ex+ee's nine times t%e no.o& men b( "!.M%at )as t%e number o& men an' )omen at +lub; Solution: Bet M an' M be t%e no.o& )omen an' men respe+tivel(. Kiven M-M61/.................@1A ?M-:M6"!................@!A ?C@1A-,?M-?M611!........@"A

@"A-@!A -,M-#D M-./ 25BB5NK M5NE 5N BARREBS A &rien' o& mine in Bon'on %as a ver( ni+e +ellar.0e %as t)o large barrels in t%e +ellar.T%e larger barrel is mostl( empt(.But t%e smaller barrel is onl( .L/ t% &ull & )ine )%ile it +an %ol' ."/ litres.Supposing %e empties t%e smaller barrel an' &ills t%e bigger barrel to &in' t%at t%e )ine &ills onl( #L: o& it.0o) mu+% )ine )oul' t%e larger barrel %ol' )%en &ull; Solution: .L/-------------------."/ #L:-------------------; .L/C."/-#L:Cx -,x-1DD. litrs ME5K0T J2 A BR59P Me %ave a bri+7 o& regular siGe.5t )eig%s # 7ilograms.0o) mu+% 'o (ou t%in7 asmaller bri+7 &our times small but ma'e o& t%e same material )eig%; Solution: T%e )eig%t o& t%e given bri+7 - # Pilograms - #DDD grams 5t is given t%at t%e smaller bri+7Fs volume is # times smaller t%an t%e given one. T%e volume o& smaller bri+7 - # C # C # - /# times smaller T%e smaller bri+7Fs )eig%t - #DDDL/# - /!.. grams A pUM*5NK 2RJK A &rog starts +limbing a "D &t )all. Ea+% %our it +limbs " &t an' slips ba+7 !. 0o) man( 'a(s 'oes it ta7e %im to rea+% t%e top an' get out; Solution: 0ours 1 ! " : : !? 2eets "&t - !&t - 1&t "&t - !&t - 1&t "&t - !&t - 1&t : : "&t - !&t - 1 &t

At t%e en' o& !?t% %our t%e &rog +limbs !?&ts an' on !$t% %our it +limbs t%e remaining "&ts an' +omes out. NUEST5JN J2 *RJBAB5B5TY M( &rien' *arveen tea+%es at a s+%ool. Jne 'a( s%e +on'u+te' a test &or " o& %er stu'ents an' )%en t%e( %an'e' ba+7 t%e test papers t%e( %a' &orgotten to )rite t%eir names. *arveen returne' t%e papers to t%e stu'ents at ran'om.M%at is t%e probabilit( t%at none o& t%e " stu'ents )ill get t%e rig%t paper; Solution: T%e possible +ombinations &or t%e given +on'ition are: 1 1 ! ! " " +on'ition met No

1 ! ! " "

" 1 " 1 !

! " 1 ! 1

Yes No Yes Yes No

T%e re1uire' probabilit( - !L/ - 1L" MAT0EMAT59AB JEE5TY 5n t%e !Dt% +entur( t%ere are onl( seven (ears )%ose numbers are a mat%emati+al o''it( be+ause t%eir numbers signi&( a prime number.T%e &irst one o& its 7in' )as t%e (ear 1:.1.9an (ou name t%e ot%er sin; Solution: 1:?" 1:?: 1:$? 1::" 1::? 1:::. EJMN T0E ES9ABATJR Re+entl( )%ile in Bon'on 5 'e+i'e' to )al7 'o)n t%e es+alator o& a tube station.5 'i' some 1ui+7 +al+ulation in m( min'.5 &oun' t%at i& 5 )a 'o)n !/ steps 5 re1uire "D se+on's to rea+% t%e bottom.0o)ever i& 5 am able to step 'o)n "# stairs 5 )oul' onl( re1uire 1$ se+ion's to get to t%e bottom. 5& t%e time is measure' &rom t%e moment t%e top step begins to 'es+en' to t%e time 5 step o&& t%e last step at t%e bottom +an (ou (el t%e %eig%t o& t%e stair)a( in steps; Solution: Kiven t%at a&ter )al7ing !/ steps time nee'e' to rea+% t%e bottom is "D se+on's ---@1A Similarl( a&ter )al7ing "# steps it nee's 1$ se+on's more to rea+% t%e bottom ---@!A &rom @1A \ @!A it is +lear t%at &or @"#-!/A steps it too7 @"D-1$A se+on's. i.eY 1! se+on's &or $ steps in 1 se+on' --------; @1C$AL1!-!L" stepsLse+. i.eY ! steps in " se+on's &or "D se+on's -----------%o) man( steps; -, @"DC!AL"-!D steps. 2inall( Total number o& steps - !/ 6 @steps +overe' in "D se+on'sA-!/6!D-#/ steps. A 9JM*UT5NK *RJBBEM 9ompute @1DD-1A@1DD-!A@1DD-"A.........................@1DD61A@1DD6!A@1DD6"A-; Solution: -,@1DD-1A@1DD-!A@1DD-"A.........@1DD-1DDA@1DD61A@1DD6!A@1DD6"A -,@1DD-1A@1DD-!A@1DD-"A.........@DA@1DD61A@1DD6!A@1DD6"A -D A 95R9BE ANE A TR5ANKBE

M%at 'o (ou +all a +ir+le )%i+% passes t%roug% t%e verti+es o& o& a triangle; Solution: 9ir+ums+ribe'.T%e meaning to +ir+ums+ribe is to 'es+ribe a &igure roun' anot%er so as to tou+% it at points )it%out +utting.T%is is exa+tl( )%at ta7es pla+e )it% t%e +ir+ums+ribe' +ir+le. To &in' t%e +enter o& su+% a +ir+le )e %ave to bise+t t%e si'es o& a triangle an' erre+t perpen'i+ulars )%i+% are +on+urrent at t%e +ir+um+entre. T%e ra'ius r o& t%e +ir+ums+ribe' +ir+le o& t%e triangle AB9 is given b( R-aL!SinA-bL!SinB-+L!Sin+ M5SS5NK TERMS #$ /D .$ ?! /$ 1D#....... 0ere is a se1uen+.9an (ou &in' t%e t)o missing terms; Solution: T%e o'' terms are in t%e 'e+imal s(stem an' 'i&&er b( 1D.An' ea+% even term is t%e pre+ee'ing o'' term expresse' in t%e o+tonam( s(stem.?$-$-?D remain'er /:::$-1 remain'er 1. T%ere&ore t%e next t)o terms are: ?$ 11/ *A9PETS J2 9ANEY 5& / men +an pa+7 / pa+7ets o& +an'( in / minutes.0o) man( are re1uire' to pa+7 /D pa+7ets in /D minutes; Solution: Kiven t%at &or / men to pa+7 /pa+7ets o& +an'( it ta7es / miutes.i.e. &or 1 man to pa+7 1 pa+7et it ta7es 1 miute. 0en+e &or /D pa+7ets to be pa+7e' in /D miutes )e nee' /D men. A *RJBBEM J2 ME5K0T 5n m( neig%bour%oo' lives a man )%o )eig%s !DD poun's.0e %as t)o sons.T%e( bot% )eig% 1DD poun's ea+%.Jn a &estival 'a( t%e( 'e+i'e to go a+ross t%e river on a boat to vissit some relations.But t%e boat +oul' +arr( a maximum loa' at onl( !DD poun's.Yes t%e( manage' to +ome a+ross t%e river b( boat.0o) 'i' t%e(; Solution: Bet us assume t%at +1 -----------------,&irst son +! ----------------,se+on' son & ------------------,&at%er 2irst t%e t)o sons +1 +!ro)e' a+ross t%e river an' +1 sta(e' be%in' )%ile +! returne' in t%e boat to %is &at%er. T%e son remaine' be%in' )%ile t%e &at%er +rosse' t%e river. T%en t%e ot%er son broug%t ba+7 an' t%e t)o brot%ers +1 +! ro)e' over toget%er. A *RJBBEM J2 9ANEY BARS Re+entl( 5 atten'e' a birt%'a( part(.All t%e +%il'ren in t%e part( )ere given +an'( bars.All t%e +%il'ren got " +an'( bars ea+% ex+ept t%e +%il' sitting in t%e en'.S%e got onl( ! +an'( bars.5& onl( +%il' %a' been given ! +an'( bars t%ere )oul' %ave been $ +an'( bars remaining.0o) man( +an'( bars )ere t%ere altoget%er to begin )it%; Solution: Suppose t%at t%ere )ere x +%il'ren at t%e part(. 5& )e 'istribute t%e +an'ies in t%e above mentione' )a(s t%en t%e resulting expressions "@x-1A6!---------------------@1A !x6$-------------------------@!A

"@x-1A6!-!x6$ "x-"6!-!x6$ "x-1-!x6$ x-: T%ere&ore t%e no.o& +an'ies &or 'istribution !x6$-!C:6$-1$6$-!/ 25NE JUT T0E SUM M%at is t%e sum o& all numbers bet)een 1DD an' 1DDD )%i+% are 'ivisible b( 1#; Solution: Bet us assume t%at t%e sum is S s-11!61!/6........6::# s-1#@$6:61D6.....................6?1A s-1#@$6?1A@?1-$61AL!-?@?:A@/#A-".":! MABP5NK ABB T0E MAY Jne 'a( 5 'e+i'e' to )al7 all t%e )a( &rom Banglore to Tum7ur.5 starte' exa+tl( at noon an' some one 5 7no) in Tum7ur 'e+i'e' to )al7 all t%e )a( &rom Tum7ur to Banglore an' s%e starte' exa+tl( at ! *M on t%e same 'a(. Me met on t%e Banglore - Tum7ur roa' at . past &our an' )e bot% rea+%e' our 'estination at exa+tl( t%e same time.At )%at time 'i' )e bot% arrive; Solution: T%ere &ore Total time - !:DD *M 6 ":.. *M 6 1:.. *M - ?:.D*M T0E TRA5NS ANE T0E 2AB9JN T)o trains start &rom t)o opposite 'ire+tions to)ar's ea+% ot%er.T%e stations &rom )%i+% t%e( start are .D miles apart.Bot% t%e trains start at t%e same time to)ar's t%e ot%er train. As soon as it rea+%es t%e se+on' one it &ies ba+7 to t%e &irst train an' so on an' so &ort%. 5t +ontinues to 'o so &l(ing ba+)ar's an' &or)ar's &rom one train to ot%er until t%e trains meet. Bot% t%e trains travel at a spee' o& !. miles per %our an' t%e bir' &lies at 1DD miles per %our. 0o) man( miles )ill t%e &al+on %ave &lo)n be&ore t%e trains meet; Solution: T%e trains travel at !. miles per %our. 0en+e t%e( )ill meet a&ter travelling &or one %our an' t%e &al+on also must %ave been &l(ing&or one %our. Sin+e it travels at 1DD miles per %our t%e bir' must %ave &lo)n 1DD miles IABUE J2 FSF S#"#SD )%at number must be substitute' )it% to ma7e it 'ivisible b( "/; Solution: To be 'ivisible b( "/ t%e number %as to be 'ivi'e' b( # an' : To be 'ivisible b( # t%e number FSF must be an even number an' to be 'ivisible b( : t%e sum o& all t%e 'igits o& t%e number must be eit%er e1ual to : or a multiple o& : i.eY S 6 # 6 " 6 # 6 S 6 D - :n T%e onl( 'igit t%at meets t%ese t)o +on'ition is $ 0E5K0T J2 A RJJM Kiven t%e &loor area o& a room as !# &eet b( #$ &eet an' t%e spa+e 'iagonal o& t%e room as ./ &eet 9an (ou &in' t%e %eig%t o& t%e room;

Solution: Me 7no) t%at Iolume o& a +ube -l po)@!A 6 b po)@!A 6 % po)@!A. 0ere t%e values o& l \ b are given. Me also 7no) t%at @'iagonalApo)@!A - @lengt%Apo)@!A 6 @brea't%Apo)@!A. -, @xApo)@!A - !# po)@!A 6 #$ po)@!A

-, x - !#[email protected] T%ere&ore volume- % po)@!A 6 x po)@!A -./ po)@!A -, %-1/ T%ere&ore %eig%t o& t%e room-1/ &t. A NUEST5JN J2 E5STAN9E 5t )as a beauti&ul sunn( morning. T%e air )as &res% an' a mil' )in' )as blo)ing against m( )in' s+reen 5 )as 'riving &rom Banglore to Brin'avan Kar'ens. 5t too7 me 1 %our an' "D miutes to +omplete t%e [ourne(. A&ter lun+% 5 returne' to Banglore. 5 'rove &or :D minutes.0o) 'o (ou explain it; Solution: :D minutes - 1 %our "D minutes. 0en+e t%e 'riving time t%ere an' ba+7 is absolutel( t%e same be+ause :D minutes an' 1 %our an' "D minutes are one an' t%e samet%ing. ARRANKE T0E E5K5TS: Arrange t%e 'igits 1 ! " # . / ? $ : in or'er &rom le&t to rig%t an' use onl( 6 or u signs so as to pro'u+e a result o& 1DD;

Sol: 1!"-#.-/?6$: E5I5S5JN J2 #.: 9an (ou 'ivi'e t%e number #. into &our parts su+% t%at )%en ! is a''e' to t%e &irst part ! is subtra+te' &rom t%e se+on' part ! is multiplie' b( t%e t%ir' part an' t%e &ourt% part is 'ivi'e' b( !.All t%e &our results to be t%e same number. Sol: Bet us ta7e A B 9 E are t%e &our e1ual parts an' t%eir sum is e1ual to #.. A6B696E - #. Kiven t%at A6! - B-! - 9C! - EL! ----------------@1A -,A - B-# Y 9 - @B-!AL! Y E - !@B-!A -,B-# 6 Q@B-!AL!R 6 !@B-!A - #. -,B-1! :. A-$ 9-. E-!D

An' +on'ition @1A is satis&ie'. i .eY $6! - 1!-! - .C! - !DL! S*E95AB NUMBER: M%at is t%e spe+ial about t%e number 1?!:;

Sol: T%is is popularl( 7no)n as Ramanu[anFs number. T%is is t%e 7no)n number t%at is a sum o& t)o +ubes in t)o 'i&&erent )a(s. i .eY @1DC1DC1DA 6 @:C:C:A - 1?!: @ 1!C1!C1!A 6 @1C1C1A - 1?!: *R59E J2 A BJTTBE: A bottle an' its +or7 toget%er +ost Rs 1.1D an' t%e bottle +osts Rs 1.DD more t%an its +or7. M%at is t%e pri+e o& t%e bottle; Sol: Bet us assume t%at B - *ri+e o& t%e bottle 9 - *ri+e o& t%e +or7 5t is given t%at B 6 9 - Rs 1.1D -------------------@1A an' B <ST 9 - Rs 1.DD -------------------@!A 2rom t%e e1uations @1A an' @!A it is +lear t%at B - Rs 1.D. 9 - Rs D.D. A NUEST5JN J2 E5STAN9E: 5t )as a beauti&ul sunn( morning. T%e air )as &res% an' a mil' )in' )as blo)ing against m( )in' s+reen. 5 )as 'riving &rom Banglore to Brin'avan Kar'ens. 5t too7 me one %our an' "D minutes to +omplete t%e [ourne(. A&ter lun+% 5 returne' to banglore. 5 'rove &or :D minutes. 0o) 'o (ou explain it; Sol: :D minutes - 1 %our "D minutes. 0en+e t%e 'riving time t%ere an' ba+7 is absolutel( same be+ause :D minutes an' 1 %our "D minutes are one an' t%e same. 2JR T0E 90AR5T5ES: Jne 'a( )%en 5 )as )al7ing on t%e roa' in Ne) Eel%i a group o& bo(s approa+%e' me &or 'onation &or t%eir poor bo(sF &un'. 5 gave t%em a Rupee more t%an %al& t%e mone( 5 %a' in m( purse. 5 must %ave )al7e' a &e) more (ar's )%en a group o& )omen approa+%e' me &or 'onation &or an orp%anage. 5 gave t%em ! Rupees more t%an %al& t%e mone( 5 %a' in m( purse. T%en a&ter a &e) (ar's 5 )as approa+%e' b( a religious group &or a 'onation to t%e temple t%e( )ere buil'ing. 5 gave t%em " Rupees more t%an %al& o& )%at 5 %a' in m( purse. At last 5 returne' to m( %otel room 5 &oun' t%at 5 %a' onl( one Rupee remaining in m( purse. 0o) mu+% mone( 'i' 5 %ave in m( purse )%en 5 starte';

Sol: Suppose t%at t%e mone( in %is purse )%en %e starte' - x -------------------@1A 2or poor bo(s &un' %e gave xL! 6 1 RsL- --------------------------------------@!A i .eY 1 Rupee more t%an %al& t%e amount %e %a'. No) %e le&t )it% Qx - @xL! 6 1AR -@x-!AL! RsL2or Jrp%anage %e gave Q@xL! <ST 1AL!R 6! - @x6/AL# RsL- ----------------@"A No) %e le&t )it% Q@x-!AL!R <ST Q@x6/AL#R - @x-1DAL# RsL2or temple buil'ing %e gave Q@x-1DAL#RL! 6 " - @x61#AL$ RsL- ---------@#A No) %e le&t )it% Q@x-1DAL#R <ST Q@x61#AL$R - @x-"#AL$ RsL2inall( %e %a' 1 Rupee in %is purse. i .eY A+tual amount <ST Expen'e' amount - 1 :. &rom @1A @!A @"A an' @#A )e %ave x-V Q @x6!AL! R 6 Q @x6/AL# R 6 Q @x61#AL$ R W - 1 -,x-"#-$ -, x-#! :. T%e original amount in %is purse at t%e beginning - Rs #!LA *A5R J2 *ABB5NERJMES Multipl( !1:?$ b( #.9omment about t%e result; Solution: !1:?$C#-$?:1!. 5& )e +learl( observe t%e t)o numbers !1:?$ an' $?:1! t%e resultant number ieY $?:1! is t%e reverse number o& t%e number !1:?$D. T%ere &ore t%ese t)o numbers are a pair o& pain'romes. A 9JM*UT5NK *RJBBEM 9ompute: Q.-!L@#-.ARpo)@!A. Solution: Q.-!L@#-.ARpo)@!A -Q.-!L@-1ARpo)@!A -Q.6!Rpo)@!A-#:. 9JNT5NUE T0E SER5ES 1 " / 1D.Name t%e next t%ree numbers in t%e series. Solution: T%e series is 6! 6" 6# ----------------T%ere &ore next t%ree numbers are: 1D6. 1D6.6/ 1D6.6/6? - 1. !1 !$.

NAME 25IE TERMS J2 ANJT0ER SER5ES T%ese are t%e numbers t%at are t%e &irst &ive terms o& a series t%at a'' upto 1.D.9an (ou name &ive terms o& anot%er series )it%out &ra+tons t%at a'' upto 1."; Qex: 1D !D "D #D .D. sum-1.D.R Solution: Ea+% term in t%is series is a &a+torial in ot%er )or's t%e pro'u+t o& a t%e numbers &rom 1 to t%at parti+ular term +onsi'ere'. T%e &irst &ive terms o& t%e series are t%ere &ore 1 ! / !# 1!D. T%eir sum is 1." an' are &a+torials o& 1 ! " # . respe+tivel(. 25NE JUT T0E T5ME M%at 'oes 1#D$ %ours mean; Solution: 1#D$ %ours is a+tuall( $ minutes past ! *M. T%is is t%e s(stem o& t)ent(-&our-%our +o+7.Mriting t%e %ours an' minutes t%is )a( is a sensible means o& avoi'ing +on&usion bet)een AM an' *M. 25NE JUT TT0E *ATTERN M%at 'o (ou t%in7 t%e pattern is; / !# /D 1!D !1D ""/ <Sv<Sv<Sv<Sv<Sv<Sv Solution: T%e series is 1.!." !.".# ".#.. #.../ ../.? /.?.$ ---------T%e next numbers )oul' be ?.$.: $.:.1D ------@orA .D# ?!D ----------------------T0E TRA5N ANE T0E 9Y9B5ST A rail)a( tra+7 runs parallel to a roa' until a ben' brings t%e roa' to a level +rossing. A +(+list ri'es along to )or7 along t%e roa' ever( 'a( at a +onstant spee' o& 1! miles per %our. 0e normall( meets a train t%at travels in t%e same 'ire+tion at t%e +rossing Jne 'a( %e )as late b( !. minutes an' met t%e train / miles a%ea' o& t%e level +rossing. 9an (ou &igure out t%e spee' o& t%e train; Solution: Suppose t%at t%e train an' t%e +(+list meet ever('a( at t%e +rossing at $:DDA.M. i. eY starts at ?:DDA.M Sin+e t%e +(+list is late b( !. minutes %e starts at ?:!.A.M As %is spee' is 1! miles per %our %e rea+%es t%e +rossing at ?:!.A.M 6 1 0our - $:!.A.M B( $:"DA.M t%e train is / miles a%ea' o& t%e +(+list T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%eir timings - $:"DA.M <ST $:!.A.M - . Minutes T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%eir 'istan+es - / Miles T%ere&ore t%e train travels / miles in . minutes 5n 1 minute it travels ---------------------; - Q@1 C /A L.R C /D

- ?! MilesL%our 0E5K0T J2 T0E *ABM TREE A palm tree )as :D +m %ig% )%en it )as plante'. 5t gro)s b( an e1ual number o& +m ea+% (ear an' at t%e en' o& t%e sevent% (ear it )as one nint% taller t%an at t%e en' o& t%e sixt% (ear. 9an (ou tell %o) tall )as t%e tree at t%e en' o& t%e t)el&t% (ear; Solution: Suppose t%at t%e tree gro)s x +m ea+% (ear 0eig%t o& t%e tree at t%e en' o& t%e sixt% (ear - @:D 6 /xA +m Kro)t% in sevent% (ear is a - 1L:@:D 6 /xA +m x - 1D 6 !xL" x - "D T%ere&ore t%e %eig%t o& t%e tree at t%e en' o& t%e t)el&t% (ear-@:D61!C"DA-#.D+m *RJBBEM J2 AKE Re+entl( 5 atten'e' a +o+7tail part(. T%ere )as a beauti&ul (oung la'( )%o seeme' ver( vitt( an' intelligent. S%e )as pose' a 1uestion <Ss %o) ol' are (ou; <S. S%e ans)ere' <Ss m( age " (ears %en+e munltipl( b( " an' &rom t%at subtra+te' " times m( age " (ears ago )ill give (ou m( exa+t age; 0o) o' is t%e la'(; Solution: Bet t%e age be x Age a&ter " (ears )i be @x 6 "A Age be&ore " (ears - @x <ST "A 0en+e "@x 6 "A <ST "@x <ST "A - x x - "x 6 : <ST "x 6 : x - 1$ T%ere&ore t%e age o& t%e la'( - 1$ (ears

9JNSE9UT5IE NATURASB NUMBERS T%ere are t)o +onse+utive natural numbers )%ose pro'u+t is e1ual to t%e pro'u+t o& t%ree +onse+utive natural numbers &or example x@x61A - (@(61A@(6!A.M%at are t%e t)o numbers; Solution: 1# C 1. - . C / C ? SJME KBUTTJN A man sitting besi'e me at a %otel ate i'lis one a&ter t%e ot%er b( or'ering plate b( plate. 0e sai' to me a&ter 'rin7ing some )ater t%e last one 5 ate )as m( %un're't% i'li in last &ive 'a(s. Ea+% 'a( 5 ate / more t%an t%e previous 'a(. 9an (ou tell me %o) man( %e ate (ester'a(; Soluton: 2irst 'a( t%e number o& i'lis %e ate be x

Se+on' 'a( t%e +ount is @x6/A T%ir' 'a( ------------------------- @x61!A 2ourt% 'a( ------------------------@x61$A 2i&t% 'a( ---------------------------@x6!#A Total is .x 6 /@16!6"6#A -1DD .x 6 /D -1DD x-$ Ea( 1 ! " # . 5'lis $ 1# !D !/ "!

So on &ourt% 'a( t%e number o& i'lis t%e man ate )ere !/. REASJN5NK 9BASS5259AT5JN TY*E Rea' t%e &ollo)ing in&ormation +are&ull( an' ans)er t%e 1uestions t%at &ollo):

T%ere are six +ities A B 9 E E an' 2 A is not a %ill station. B an' E are not %istori+al pla+es. E is not an in'ustrial +it(. A an' E are not %istori+al +ra[u7on7epu'iities. A an' B are not ali7e.

1.M%i+% t)o +ities are in'ustrial +entres; aAA B bAE 2C +A9 E 'AB 2 eAA E

!.M%i+% t)o +ities are %istori+al pla+es; aAA 9 bAB 2 +A9 2C 'AB E eAA E

".M%i+% t)o +ities are %ill stations; aAA B bA9 A +AB EC 'AA 2 eAnone

#.M%i+% +it( is a %ill station an' an in'ustrial +entre but not a%istori+al pla+e; aAEC bA2 +AA 'AB eA9

..M%i+% t)o +ities are neit%er %istori+al pla+es nor in'ustrial +entres; aAA B bAE E +A2 9 Solution: A 0istori+al 5n'ustrial 0illstation x ( x x x ( B ( ( ( 9 x x ( E x ( ( E ( ( ( 2 'AB EC eAnone

2ive &rien's 5n'u *in7i Sai Sru[an *avan travelle' to &ive 'i&&erent +ities o& 9%ennai 9al+utta Eel%i Bangalore an' 0('eraba' b( &ive 'i&&ernet mo'es o& transport o& Bus Train Aeroplane 9ar an' Boat &rom Mumbai. T%e person )%o travelle' to Eel%i 'i' not travel b( Boat. Sai )ent to Banalore b( 9ar an' *in7i )ent to 9al+utta b( Aeroplane. Sru[an travelle' b( Boat )%ereas *avan travelle' b( Train. Mumbai is not +onne+te' b( bBus to Eel%i an' 9%ennai.

1.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing +ombinations o& person an' mo'e is not +orre+t; aA5n'u-Bus bA*in7i-Aeroplane +ASai-9ar 'ASru[an-Boat

eA*avan-AeroplaneC !.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing +ombinations is true &or Sru[an; aAEel%i-Bus bA9%ennai-Bus +A9%ennai-BoatC 'AEata ina'e1uate eAnone

".M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing +ombinations o& pla+e an' mo'e is not +orre+t; aAEel%i-BusC bA9al+utta-Aeroplane +ABangalore-9ar eA0('eraba'-Bus #.*erson travelling to Eel%i )ent b( )%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing mo'es; aABus bATrainC +AAeroplane 'A9ar eABoat 'A9%ennai-Boat

..M%o among t%e &ollo)ing tra[u7on7epu'iravelle' to Eel%i; aASai bASru[an +A*avanC 'AEata ina'e1uate eAnone Solution: Sai travels b( 9ar. *in7i travels b( Aeropra[u7on7epu'ilane. Sru[an travels b( Boat. *avan travels b( Train.

5n'u travels b( Bus. Sai goes to Bangalore. *in7i goes to 9al+utta. Bus &a+ilit( is not t%ere &or Eel%i or 9%ennai. 5n'u goes to 0('eraba' b( Bus. 2rom given in&ormation it is +lear t%at Sru[an goes b( Boat but not to Eel%i. 0en+e Sru[an goes to 9%ennai. *avan *BA9E 5n'u *in7i Sai Sru[an *avan 0('eraba' 9al+utta Bangalore 9%ennai Eel%i goes to Eel%i. MJEE Bus Aeroplane 9ar Boat Train

2our (oungmen T%irb%uvan T%ris%ant% trinat% Trive' are &rien'l( )it% &our girls 5n'ira Ma'%uri S)et%a an' Eimple. 5n'ira an' S)et%a are &rien's. Trinat%Fs girl&rien' 'oes not li7e 5n'ira an' S)et%a. Ma'%uri 'oes not +are &or Trinat%. Tris%ant%Fs girl&rien' is &rien'l( )it% 5n'ira. 5n'ira 'oes not li7e T%rib%u. 1.M%o is T%rib%uFs girl&rien'; aA5n'ira bAMa'%uriC +AS)et%a 'AEimple

!.Mit% )%om is 5n'ira &rien'l(; aAT%rib%uvan bAT%ris%ant% +ATrinat% 'ATrive'C

".)%o is EimpleFs bo(&rien'; aATrive' bATrinat%C +AT%ris%ant% 'AT%rib%uvan

#.M%o 'oes not li7e 5n'ira an' S)et%a; aAEimpleCbAT%rib%uvan +ATrive''ATrinat%

Solution: Kiven 5n'ira an' S)et%a are &rien's.

T%ris%ant%Fs girl&rien' is &rien'l( )it% 5n'ira. 0en+e T%ris%ant%Fs girl&rien' is S)et%a. Kiven Trinat%Fs girl&rien' 'oes not li7e 5n'ira an' S)et%a. -,S%e mig%t be Ma'%uri or Eimple. But Ma'%uri 'oes not +are &or Trinat%. -,Trinat%Fs girl&rien' is Eimple. Kiven 5n'ira 'oes not li7e T%rinb%uvan. -,T%rib%uvanFs girl&rien' is Ma'%uri. 9learl( Trive'Fs girl&rien' is 5n'ira. BJY T%rib%uvan T%ris%ant% Trinat% Trive' K5RB Ma'%uri S)et%a Eimple 5n'ira

9JM*AR5S5JN TY*E NUEST5JNS 9lues )ill be given regar'ing +omparisions among a ssset o& persons or t%ings )it% respest to one or more 1ualities. A&ter anal(sing a proper as+en'ing 'es+en'ing se1uen+e is &orme' an' t%en are suppose' to ans)er. T%ere are &ive &rien's-Sa+%in Sourav Ra%ul 8a%eer an' Yuvi. Sa+%in is s%orter t%an Sourav but taller t%an Yuvi. Ra%ul is t%e tallest. 8a%eer is little s%orter t%an Sourav an' little taller t%an Sa+%in. 1.M%o is t%e s%ortest; aAYuviC bASa+%in +A8a%eer 'ASourav eAnone

!.5& t%e( stan' inor'er o& t%eir %eig%ts )%o )ill be in t%e mi''le; aASourav bAYuvi +ASa+%in 'A8a%eerC eAnone

".5& t%e( stan' inor'er o& t%eir in+reasing %eig%ts )%o )ill be t%e se+on'; aA8a%eer bASa+%inC +AYuvi 'ASourav eAnone #.M%o is t%e se+on' tallest; aASa+%in bASouravC+A8a%eer 'AYuvi eAnone

..M%o is taller t%an 8a%eer but s%orter t%an Ra%ul; aASouravC bAYuvi +ASa+%in 'A'ataina'e1uate Solution: Sa+%in U Sourav Sourav Ra%ul is tallest , Yuvi eAnone

8a%eer

U Sourav 8a%eer

, Sa+%in

Yuvi U Sa+%in U Sourav U Ra%ul an' Sa+%in U 8a%eer U Sourav Yuvi U Sa+%in U 8a%eer U Sourav U Ra%ul Among &ive bo(s Iineet% is taller t%an Mani+7 but not as tall as Ravi pa+ob is taller t%an Eilip but s%orter t%an Mani+7.M%o is t%e tallest in t%eir group; aARaviC bAMani+7 +AIineet% 'A+anFt sa( Solution: Mani+7 U Iineet% Y Iineet% U Ravi Y Eilip U pa+ob Y pa+ob U Main+7 -,Eilip U pa+ob U Mani+7 U Iineet% U Ravi Su'%ans%u is as mu+% ol'er t%an Po7ila as %e is (ounger t%an *raveen. Nitin is as ol' as Po7ila. M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is )rong; aAPo7ila is (ounger t%an *raveen. bANitin is (ounger t%an *raveen. +ASu'%ans%u is ol'er t%an Nitin. 'A*raveen is not t%e ol'est.C eAPo7ila is (ounger t%an Su'%ans%u. Solution: -,Po7ila U Su'%ans%uY *raveen , Su'%ans%uY Nitin - Po7ila eAnone

-,Nitin - Po7ila U Su'%ans%u U *raveen -,*raveen is t%e ol'est. SEBE9T5JN BASEE JN K5IEN 9JNE5T5JNS A &e) essential +riteria &or sele+tion o& group o& items are given: 2rom amongst &ive 'o+tors A B 9 E an' EY&our engineers K 0 P an' BYsix tea+%ers M N J * N an' R some teams are to be sele+te'.A B K 0 J * an' N are &emales an' t%e rest are males. M%ere ever t%ere is a male 'o+tor no &emale tea+%er. M%ere ever t%ere is a male engineer no &emale 'o+tor. T%ere s%all not be more t%an t)o male tea+%ers in an( team. 1.5& t%e team +onsists o& ! 'o+tors " &emale tea+%ers an' ! engineers t%e members o& t%e team are: bA9 E J * N K 0 +A9 E P B J * N 'AE E K 0 J * N !.5& t%e team +onsists o& ! 'o+tors 1 engineer an' # tea+%ers all t%e &ollo)ing are possible ex+ept aAA B K M N J * bAA B 0 M J * N +AA B 0 M R * N 'AA B P N R * NC aAA B J * N K 0C

".5& t%e team +onsists o&! 'o+tors ! &emale tea+%ers an' t)o engineers all t%e &ollo)ing teams are possible ex+ept: aAA B K 0 J N bAA B K 0 * N +AA B P B * N 'AJ * K 0 A B

#.5& t%e team +onsists o& " 'o+tors ! male engineers an' ! tea+%ers t%e members o& t%e team +oul' be: aAA B 9 P B M R bAB 9 E P B N R +A9 E E P B M N 'A9 E E P B * R

..i& t%e team +onsists o& t)o 'o+tors t)o engineers an' t)o tea+%ers all t%e &ollo)ing teams are possible ex+ept: aAA B K 0 J * bAA B K 0 M N Explanation:Eo+tors Engineers Tea+%ers Kiven 2emales Males +A9 E P B N R AB9EE K0PB MNJ*NR ABK0J*N 'A9 E P B J *

9EEPBMNR

Male 'o+tor an' &emale tea+%er male engineer an' &emale 'o+tor More t%an t)o tea+%ersLteam +ombination are not allo)e'. 1NA Explanation: Eo+tors are A B 9 E E 2emale tea+%ers are J * N Engineers are K 0 P B Male 'o+tor an' no &emale tea+%er -, A B are Eo+tors. So t%e Team +onsists o& A B J * N K 0. !NA Explanation: Tea+%ers are M N J * N R 2our are nee'e' T%ree are male tea+%ers. 2emale tea+%ers are also to be sele+te'. 0en+e no male 'o+tors 9 E E are sele+te'. So Eo+tors -, A B Bot% 'o+tors are 2emales -,no male Engineer to be sele+te'. Ans:Team -,A B P N R * N. "NA Explanation: T%e 'o+tors are A B 9 E E 2emale Tea+%ers are J * N Engineers are K 0 P B Sin+e ! 2emale Tea+%ers are to be sele+te'.So male 'o+tors i.eY9 E E +annot be sele+te'. So ! Eo+tors sele+te' )ill be A B. Bot% Eo+tors are 2emales. So male Engineer P B +annot be sele+te'. K 0 are +%osen. -,A B P B * N are sele+te'. #NAExplanation:

Eo+tors A B 9 E E Male Engineers P B Tea+%ers M N J * N R Male Engineers -,no &emale Eo+tors-,no A B " Eo+tors to be sele+te' are 9 E E )%o are all males. 2AM5BY BASEE *RJBBEMS T%ere is a group o& six persons A B 9 E E an' 2 &rom a &amil(. T%e( are ps(+%ologist manager la)(er [e)eler 'o+tor an' engineer. T%e 'o+tor is t%e gran'&at%er o& 2 )%o is a ps(+%ologist. T%e manager E is marrie' to A. 9 t%e [e)eler is marrie' to t%e la)(er. B is t%e mot%er o& 2 an' E. T%ere are t)o marrie' +ouples in t%e &amil(. 1.M%at is t%e pro&ession o& E; aAEo+tor bApe)eler +AManager 'A*s(+%ologist eANoneC

!.0o) is A relate' to E; aABrot%er bAUn+le +A2at%er 'AKran'&at%erC

".0o) man( male members are t%ere in t%e &amil(; aAJne bAT%ree +A2our 'AEata insu&&i+ientC

#.M%at is t%e pro&ession o& A; aAEo+torC bABa)(er +Ape)eler 'AManager ..M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is one o& t%e pairs o& +ouples in t%e &amil(; aAAB bAA9 +AAEC Solution: 2 is a *s(+%ologist. B is t%e mot%er o& 2 an' E. -,E is brot%er or sister o& 2. T%ere are t)o marrie' +ouples in t%e &amil(. Sin+e E is marrie' to A 9 t%e [e)eler is marrie' to la)(er B. Manager E is marrie' to A means A is 'o+tor gran'&at%er o& E an' 2. So no one else is engineer till t%is point.-,E is engineer. AE---,9B------,E2 *ras%ant% Arora %as t%ree +%il'ren-Sangeeta Iimal an' As%is%. As%is% marrie' Moni7a t%e el'est 'aug%ter o& Mr.an'Mrs.Ro(. T%e Ro(s marrie' t%eir (oungest 'aug%ter to t%e el'est son o& Mr.an' Mrs.S%arma an' t%e( %a' t)o +%il'ren name' Amit an' S%as%i. T%e Ro(s %ave t)o more +%il'ren Ros%an an' Ian'ana bot% el'er to Ieena. Sameer an' A[a( are sons o& As%is% an' Moni7a. Ras%mi is t%e 'aug%ter o& Amit. *ras%ant% Arora-------, 1.Sangeeta 'A+an<S_t sa(

!.Iimal ".As%is%@Moni7aA--------------------, 1.Sameer !.A[a( Mr \ Mrs.S%arma----------------, 1.Amit@IeenaA----------------,1.Ras%mi !.S%as%i Mr \ Mrs.Ro(---------------------, 1.Moni7a !.Ros%an ".Ian'ana #.Ieena 1.M%at is t%e surname o& Ras%mi; aAS%armaC aAKran'sonC bARo( +AArora 'A+an<S_t sa( !.0o) is Sameer relate' to &at%er o& Moni7a; bASon +A9ousin 'ASon-in-la) eAnone eAnone

".M%at is t%e surname o& Sameer; aARo( aAaunt bAS%arma +AAroraC 'A+an<S_t sa( #.0o) is Mrs.Ro( relate' to As%is%; bAMot%er-in-la)C eAnone

+Amot%er 'Asister-in-la)

5n a &amil( o& six persons t%ere are t%ree generations. Ea+% person %as seperate pro&ession an' also t%e( li7e 'i&&erent +olours. T%ere are t)o +ouples in t%e &amil(. Ro%an is a 9A an' %is )i&e neit%er is a 'o+tor nor li7es green +olour. Engineer li7es re' +olour an' %is )i&e is a tea+%er. Mo%ini is mot%er-in-la) o& Sunita an' s%e li7es orange +olour. Iino' is gran'&at%er o& Tanma( Tanma( is prin+ipal li7es bla+7 +olour. Nanu is gran''aug%ter o& Mo%ini an' s%e li7es blue +olour. Nanu<S_s mot%er li7es )%ite +olour. 1.M%o is an Engineer; aANanu bAMo%ini +ASunita 'A+an<S_t sa( !.M%at is t%e pro&ession o& Sunita; aAengineer bA'o+tor +Atea+%erC 'A+an<S_t sa( eAnone eAnoneC

".M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is t%e +orre+t pair; aAMo%ini-Iino' an' Ro%an-SunitaC bAIino'-Mo%ini an' Ro%an-Nanu +ARo%an-Sunita an' Tanma(-Nanu 'A+an<S_t sa( eAnone

#.0o) man( la'ies are t%ere in t%e &amil(; aA! bA"C +A# 'A+an<S_t sa( eAnone

..M%i+% +olour is li7e' b( 9A; aAgreenC bA)%ite +A)%iteLgreen Solution: @EngineerA Iino'- Mo%ini@Tea+%erA-------------,@9AARo%an-Sunita----------,Nanu\Tanma(@prin+ipalA Iino'------------Re' Mo%ini-----------Jrange Ro%an-------------Kreen Sunita--------------M%ite 'A+an<S_t sa( eAnone

Nanu---------------Bla+7 Tanma(-----------Bla+7 Mo%ini is mot%er-in-la) o& Sunita an' gran'mot%er o& Nanu. Iino' is gran'&at%er o& Tanma(. So Nanu an' Tanma( represent t%ir' generation. Mo%ini an' vino' &orm a +ouple an' represent &irst generation. Ro%an an' Sunita &orm t%e ot%er +ouple an' repres'ent se+on' generation. Ro%an is a 9A. Sin+e engineer is marrie' Iino' is engineer. Kiven Iino' loves re' +olour. Mo%ini is atea+%er an' li7es Jrange +olour. Nanu li7es blue +olour. Tanma( is prin+ipal an' li7es bla+7 +olour. Sunita Nanu<S_s mot%er li7es )%ite +olour.-,Ro%an li7es green +olour.

RATIO AND PROPORTION 1.5& a:b-":? &in' t%e value o& @.a6bA:@#a6.bA aA1.:## bA!!:". +A1.:#: 'A!!:#? !.T%e ratio bet)een t)o number is ":. an' t%eir is #D.2in' t%e larger o& t)o numbers aA1. bA!D +A!. 'A#D ".A bag +ontains one rupee .D paise an' !. paise +oins in t%e ratio 1:!:#.5& t%e total amount is Rs ?. t%en &in' t%e number o& .D paise +oins in t%e bag aA!. bA.D +A?. 'A1DD #.5& @x6#A:@"x61.A is t%e tripli+ate o& !:".2in' t%e value o& x aA1 bA" +A# 'Anone o& t%ese ..5& a is ?.^ o& b b is 1.D^ o& + an' ' is !.^ o& + t%en &in' a:' aA::1 bA::! +A$:" 'A$:1 /.T%e present ages o& t)o persons are in t%e ratio ?:$.T)ent( (ears ago t%e ratio o& t%eir ages )as ::11.2in' t%e present age o& t%e ol'er son aA/# (ears bA?! (ears +A./ (ears 'A#D (ears ?.2in' x:(:G i& !x6(-.G - D an' "x-!(-#G-D aA1:!:1 bA1:1:1 +A1:1:! 'A!:1:1 $.A +ertain sum is 'ivi'e' among A B an' 9 in a manner t%at &or ever( rupee t%at A gets B gets ?. paise an' &or ever( rupee t%at B gets 9 gets .D paisee.5& BFs s%are in t%e total sum is Rs $#D.2in' t%e s%are o& A aARs !"$D bARs !!#D +ARs 1?.D'ARs 11!D :.Sevent( eig%t is 'ivi'e' into t)o parts su+% t%at &ive times t%e &irst part an' &our times t%e se+on' part are in t%e ratio 1.:1#.2in' t%e &irst part aA"! bA"/ +A#! 'A#/ 1D.A +ertain amount o& mone( is 'ivi'e' among A B an' 9 su+% t%at A gets %al& o& )%at B an' 9 gets toget%er.B gets one t%ir' o& )%at A an' 9 toget%er get.5& A got Rs .DD more t%an B t%en %o) mu+% mone( )as 'ivi'e'; aARs#.DD bARs /DDD +ARs $DDD'Anone o& t%ese 11.5n a s+%ool t%ere are /.D stu'ents.T%e ratio o& t%e bo(s to t%at o& t%e girls is $:.. 0o) man( more girls s%oul' [oin t%e s+%ool so t%at t%e ratio be+omes #:"; aA!. bA.D +A1DD 'A!DD 1!.A variable x varies 'ire+tl( as t%e +ube o& anot%er variable (.i& x-# (-! t%en &in' ( )%en x - "! aA# bA$ +A1/ 'A"! 1".M%at s%oul' be subra+te' &rom bot% t%e numbers )%i+% are in t%e ratio ":# so t%at t%e ratio be+omes !:" aA# bA/ +A1D 'A+annot be 'etermine' 1#.A varies 'ire+tl( as t%e sum o& t%e 1uantities B an' 9.B in turn varies 'ire+tl( as x an' 9 varies inversel( as x.M%en x-! A - / an' )%en x-# A-:.2in' t%e value o& A )%en t%e value o& x-1/ aA! 1L! bA1 +A$ 1L! 'A"! 1L# 1..T%e volume o& a s%ere varies 'ire+tl( as t%e +ube o& its ra'ius.5& t%ree +ubes o& ra'ii " +m # +m an' . +m are melte' an' re+ast into one sp%ere t%en &in' t%e ra'ius o& t%e sp%ere aA... +mbA/ +m +A? +m 'A?.. +m Eire+tions &or 1uestion 1/ to 1$:T%ese 1uestions are base' on t%e 'ata given belo) T%ere are t)o +olleges in t%e to)n-+ollege A an' +ollege B.T%ere are .DD stu'ents more in +ollege A t%an in +ollege B.T%e ratio o& t%e bo(s to t%at o& t%e girls in +ollege A is ":! an' t%at in +ollege B is #:1.T%e ratios o& t%e number o& s+ien+e %umanities an' +ommer+e stu'ents in +ollege A an' +ollege B are respe+tivel( !:.:" an' !:":".T%e number o& +ommer+e stu'ents in bot% t%e +olleges is t%e same. 1/.0o) man( stu'ents are t%ere in +ollege A;

aA!DDD bA!.DD +A"DDD 'A".DD 1?.0o) man( girls are t%ere in t)o +olleges toget%er; aA1#DD bA1/DD +A1?DD 'A!DDD 1$.0o) man( moreLless %umanities stu'ents are t%ere in +ollege A t%an in +ollege B; aA#DD more bA#DD less +A.DD less 'A.DD more 1:.5& @!x6.A:@?x-/A is t%e 'upli+ate ratio o& .:$ t%en &in' t%e value o& x aA/ bA? +A1D 'Anone o& t%ese !D.T%e mean proportional bet)een t)o numbers is 1/ an' t%eir t%ir' proportional is 1!$.2in' t%e smaller o& t%e t)o numbers aA$ bA1! +A1/ 'A"! !1.A bag +ontains .D p !. p an' 1D p +oins in t%e ratio .:::# amounting to Rs !D/.2in' t%e number o& +oins o& ea+% t(pe aA!DD "/D 1/D bA1/D "/D !DD +A"/D "?" 1!" 'A/?$ !"# ?/" !!.)%at is t%e ratio )%ose terms 'i&&er b( #D an' t%e measure o& )%i+% is !L?; aA1/:./ bA1#:./ +A1.:./ 'A1/:?! !".A sum o& Rs ." is 'ivi'e' among A B 9 in su+% a )a( t%at A gets Rs ? more t%an )%at B gets an' B gets Rs $ more t%an )%at 9 gets.T%e ratio o& t%eir s%ares is aA1/:::1$ bA!.:1$:1D +A1$:!.:1D 'A1.:$:"D !#.A +ertain amount )as 'ivi'e' bet)een A an' B in t%e ratio #:".5& BFs s%are )as Rs #$DD t%e total amount )as aARs 11 !DD bARs / #DD +ARs 1: !DD 'ARs ": !DD !..5& 1D^ o& x - !D^ o& ( t%en x:( is e1ual to aA1:! bA!:1 +A.:1 'A1D:1 !/.x varies inversel( as s1uare o& (.Kiven t%at (-! &or x-1.T%e value o& x &or (-/ )ill be e1ual to aA" bA: +A1L" 'A1L: !?.T%e ratio o& in+omes o& A an' B is .:# an' t%e ratio o& t%eir expen'itures is ":!.5& at t%e en' o& t%e (ear ea+% saves Rs 1/DD t%en in+ome o& A is aARs "#DD bARs "/DD +ARs #DDD'ARs ##DD !$.T%ree +ontainers %ave t%eir volumes in t%e ratio ":#:..T%e( are &ull o& mixtures o& mil7 an' )ater.T%e mixtures +ontain mil7 an' )ater in t%e ratio o& @#:1A @":1A an' @.:!A resp. T%e +ontents o& all t%ese t%ree +ontainers are poure' into a &ourt% +ontainer.T%e ratio o& mil7 an' )ater in t%e &ourt% +ontainer is aA#:1 bA1.1:#$ +A1.?:." 'A.:! !:.5n a s+%ool 1D^ o& t%e bo(s are same in number as 1L#rt% o& t%e girls.M%at is t%e ratio o& bo(s to girls in t%at s+%ool; aA":! bA.:! +A!:1 'A#:" "D.T%e ratio o& number o& bo(s an' girls in a s+%ool is ":!.5& !D^ o& t%e bo(s an' !.^ o& t%e girls are s+%olars%ip %ol'ers )%at per+entage o& t%e stu'ents 'oes not get t%e s+%olars%ip; aA./ bA?D +A?$ 'A$D "1.T%e si'es o& a triangle are in t%e ratio 1L!:1L":1L# an' its perimeter is 1D# +m.T%e lengt% o& t%e longest si'e is aA.! +mbA#$ +m +A"!+m 'A!/+m "!.)%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing ratios is greatest; aA?:1. bA1.:!" +A1?:!. 'A!1:!: "".5n a +ollege t%e ratio o& number o& girls to bo(s is $:..5& t%ere are 1/D girls t%e total number o& stu'ents in t%e +ollege is aA1DD bA!.D +A!/D 'A#1/ "#.T%e least )%ole number )%i+% )%en subra+te' &rom bot% t%e terms o& t%e ratio /:? gives a ratio less t%an 1/:!1 is aA! bA" +A# 'A/ "..T%e spee's o& t%ree +ars are in t%e ratio .:#:/.T%e ratio bet)een t%e time ta7en b( t%em to travel t%e same 'istan+e is aA.:#:/ bA/:#:. +A1D:1!:1. 'A1!:1.:1D "/.1. litres o& mixture +ontains !D^ al+o%ol an' t%e rest )ater.5& " litres o& )ater be mixe' )it% it t%e per+entage o& al+o%ol in t%e ne) mixture )oul' be aA1. bA1/ !L" +A1? 'Anone o& t%ese "?.!D litres o& mixture +ontains mil7 an' )ater in t%e ratio .:".5& # litres o& t%is mixture be repla+e' b( # litres o& mil7 t%e ratio o& mil7 to )ater in t%e ne) mixture )oul' be aA!:1 bA?:" +A$:" 'A#:" "$.$. 7g o& a mixture +ontains mil7 an' )ater in t%e ratio !?:?.0o) mu+% more )ater is to be a''e' to get a ne) mixture +ontaining mil7 an' )ater in t%e ratio ":1; aA.7g bA/..7g +A?.!.7g 'A$7g ":.T%e ages o& A an' B are in t%e ratio ":1.2i&teen (ears %en+e t%e ratio )ill be !:1.T%eir present ages are aA"D 1D bA#. 1. +A!1 ? 'A/D !D #D.T%e average age o& t%ree bo(s is !. (ears an' t%eir ages are in t%e proportion ":.:?.T%e age o& t%e (oungest bo( is aA!1 bA1$ +A1. 'A: AGES

1.T%e ratio bet)een 7is%or ra%i an' %is &at%erFs age is 1:# i& . (ears ago %is &at%er )as ? times ol'er to %im at t%at time )%at is 7is%oreFs age to'a(; aA"D bA#D +A/D 'A!$ eA"! !.T%e average age o& t)o 'aug%ters o& Mrs.Mat%e)s is 1. (ears.5& t%e age o& Mrs.Mat%e)s is a''e' t%e average be+omes !D (ears.0o) ol' is Mrs Mat%e)s; aA". bA/D +A.. 'A#. eA.D ".Mrs.Mali7 is t)i+e as ol' as %er 'aug%ter Manu.!D (ears ago t%e age o& MRs Mali7 )as 1! times ManuFs age.9al+ulate %o) ol' is Mrs Mali7 to'a(. aA#D bA#. +A/D 'A.D eA## #.Sonu an' ManuFs age ratio is #:".5& sum o& t%eir ages is !$ (ears t%e ratio o& t%eir ages a&ter $ (ears )ill be... aA.:# bA!:" +A.:/ 'A":! eA1:# ..Ratio o& Eoll( an' Ian'anaFs age is !:" an' t%e sum o& t%eir ages is /D (ears.0o) ol' is Eoll(; aA1! bA1/ +A!# 'A"D eA!D /.T%e average age o& 1D bo(s in a %ostel +omes out to be 1#.A ne) a'mission broug%t 'o)n t%eir average age b( one (ear.0o) ol' t%e ne) re+ruit must be aA# bA. +A1! 'A" eA11 ?.Ravi is as mu+% (ounger to Nitin as %e is ol'er to Bo7es%.5& t%e sum o& ages o& Nitin an' Bo7es% is !# (ears %o) ol' is Ravi; aA1D bA1! +A!# 'A#$ eA/ $.Ratio o& Ravees% an' %is )i&eFs age is #:".Ravees% )ill be !# a&ter # (ears.0o) ol' is %is )i&e; aA1! bA1. +A1/ 'A1D eA1# :.Ratio o& Bo7es%Fs age to %is mot%erFs age is #:?.T%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%eir ages is "" (ears.0o) ol' is Bo7es% to'a(; aA## bA"" +A11 'A"D eA/D 1D.Average o& ages o& Eva an' Meena is 1! (ears an' average age o& Meena Teena an' 8areena +omes out to be #$.T%e total age o& &our girls )oul' be; aA1#D bA/D +A$# 'A?! eA+annot be 'etermine' 11.5n a +lass o& !D stu'ents i& t%e average o& 1/ (ear is re'u+e' b( ! (ear i& Mo%an [oins in +an (ou +al+ulate Mo%anFs age.5& (es t%en &in' out. aA!# bA!D +A!$ 'A!/ eA"D 1!.TreeGa is as mu+% as (ounger to Eveline as s%e is ol'er to e(eline.5& t%e sum o& age o& Eveline an' E(eline is $D (ears %o) ol' is treeGa; aA/# bA#/ +A"! 'A#$ eA#D 1".T%e ratio o& gran'&at%erFs age an' gran'sonFs age is $:".5& t%e pro'u+t o& t%eir ages is 1!D (ears.0o) ol' is t%e gran'son; aA1$ bA1! +A1. 'A: eA$ 1#.2at%ers age is . times %is sonFs age.# (ears ba+7 t%e &a([er )as : times ol'er t%an son. 2in' t%e &at%erFs present age. aA#D bA!$ +A/? 'A./ eA$D 1..2at%erFs age is reverse o& sonFs age.one (ear ba+7 &at%ers age )as t)i+e o& sons age.)%ats t%e &at%ers +urrent age; aA$: bA?D +A?" 'A./ eA/? 1/.Sa+%in is (ounger t%an ra%ul b( # (ears.5& t%eir ages are in t%e respe+tive ratio o& ?:: %o) ol' is sa+%in; aA1/(ears bA1$ (ears +A!$ (ears 'Anone o& t%ese 1?.Ab%a(Fs age a&ter six (ears )ill be t%ree sevent% o&%is &at%ers age.Ten (ears ago t%e ratio o& t%eir ages )as 1:..M%at is Ab%a(s &at%ers age at present; aA#. (ears bA.D (ears +A/$ (ears 'A.? (ears 1$.Jne (ear ago t%e ratio o& gauravFs an' sa+%ins age )as /:? respe+tivel(.2our (ears %en+e t%eir ratio )oul' be+ome ?:$.0o) ol' is sa+%in; aA"/ (ears bA". (ears +A"# (ears 'A"! (ears 1:.T%e present age o& a &at%er is " (ears more t%an t%ree times t%e age o& %is son.T%ree (ears %en+e &at%ers age )ill be 1D (ears more t%an t)i+e t%e age o& t%e son.2in' t%e present age o& t%e &at%er aA"! (ears bA"" (ears +A#. (ears 'A"/ (ears !D.A person )as as7e' to state %is age in (ears.0is repl( )as nta7e m( age t%ree (ears %en+e multipl( it b( " an' t%en subra+t " times m( age t%ree (ears ago an' (ou )ill 7no) %o) ol' iam.n M%at )as t%e age o& t%e person; aA1$ (ears bA!D (ears +A!# (ears 'A"! (ears !1.*resent ages o& sameer an' anan' are in t%e ratio o& .:# respe+tivel(.T%ree (ears %en+e t%e ratio o& t%eir ages )ill be+ome 11:: respe+tivel(.M%at is Anan's present age in (ears; aA!# bA!? +A#D 'A+annot be 'etermine' !!.M( brot%er is " (ears el'er to me.M( &at%er )as !$ (ears o& age )%en m( sister )as born )%ile m( mot%er )as !/ (ears o& age )%en i )as born.5& m( sister )as # (ears o& age )%en m( brot%er )as born t%en )%at )as t%e age o& m( &at%er an' mot%er )%en m( brot%er )as born; aA"! !" bA"! !: +A". !: 'A". "" !".2at%er is ages t%ree times more t%an %is son Ro%it.A&ter $ (ears %e )oul' be t)o an' a %al& times o& Ro%itFs age.A&ter &urt%er $ (ears %o) man( times )oul' %e be o& Ro%itFs age; aA! times bA! 1L! times +A! "L# times 'A" times

!#.*resent ages o& a an' Y are in t%e ratio .:/ respe+tivel(.Seven (ears %en+e t%is ratio )ill be+ome /:? respe+tivel(.M%at is aFs present age in (ears; aA". bA#! +A#: 'Anone o& t%ese !..A(es%aFs &at%ers age )as "$ (ears o& age )%en s%e )as born )%ile %er mot%er )as "/ (ears ol' )%en %er brot%er &our (ears (ounger to %er )as born.M%at is t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%e ages o& %er parents; aA! (ears bA# (ears +A/ (ears 'A$ (ears !/.A persons present age is t)o &i&t% o& t%e age o& %is mot%er.A&ter $ (ears %e )ill be one-%al& o& t%e age o& %is mot%er.0o) ol' is t%e mot%er at present; aA"! (ears bA"/ (ears +A#D (ears 'A#$ (ears !?.T%e sum o& t%e ages o& . +%il'ren born at t%e intervals o& " (ears ea+% in .D (ears.M%at is t%e age o& t%e (oungest +%il'; aA# (ears bA$ (ears +A1D (ears 'Anone o& t%ese !$.At present t%e ratio bet)een t%e ages o& Arun an' Eeepa7 is #:".A&ter / (ears ArunFs age )ill be !/ (ears.M%at is t%e age o& Eeepa7 at present; aA1! (ears bA1. (ears +A1: (ears 'A!1 (ears !:.5& / (ears are subra+te' &rom t%e present age o& gagan an' t%e remain'er is 'ivi'e' b( 1$ t%en t%e present age o& %is gran'son anup is obtaine'.5& anup is ! (ears (ounger to ma'an )%ose age is . (ears t%en )%at is gagans present age; aA#$ (ears bA/D (ears +A$# (ears 'A:/ (ears "D.T%e ratio bet)een t%e present ages o& * an' N is .:? respe+tivel(.5& t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een NFs present age an' *Fs age a&ter / (ears is ! )%at is t%e total o& *Fs an' NFs present ages; aA#$ (ears bA.! (ears +A+annot be 'etermine' 'Anone o& t%ese "1.5n 1D (ears A )ill be t)i+e as ol' as B )as 1D (ears ago.5& A is no) : (ears ol'er t%an B t%e present age o& B is aA1: (ears bA!: (ears +A": (ears 'Anone o& t%ese "!.Eig%teen (ears ago a &at%er )as t%ree times as ol' as %is son.No) t%e &at%er is onl( t)i+e as ol' as %is son.T%en t%e sum o& t%e present ages o& t%e son an' t%e &at%er is aA.# bA?! +A1D. 'A1D$ "".Ra[an got marrie' $ (ears ago.0is present age is /L. times %is age at t%e time o& %is marriage. Ra[ans sister )as 1D (ears (ounger to %im at t%e time o& %is marriage.T%e age o& Ra[ans sister is aA"! bA"/ +A"$ 'A#D "#.T%e ratio bet)een t%e present ages o& * an' N is /:?.5& N is # (ears ol' t%an *.)%at )ill be t%e ratio o& t%e ages o& * an' N a&ter # (ears; aA":# bA":. +A#:" 'Anone o& t%ese "..A &at%er sai' to %is son n i )as as ol' as u are at present at t%e time o& (our birt%.5& t%e &at%ers age is "$ (ears no) t%e sons age . (ears ba+7 )as aA1# (ears bA1: (ears +A"" (ears 'A"$ (ears "/.A man is !# (ears ol'er t%an %is son.5n t)o (ears %is age )ill be t)i+e t%e age o& %is son. T%e present age o& t%e son is aA1# bA1$ +A!D 'A!! "?.T%e sum o& t%e ages o& a &at%er an' %is son is #. (ears.2ive (ears ago t%e pro'u+t o& t%eir ages )as "#.T%e ages o& t%e son an' t%e &at%er are respe+tivel( aA/ an' ": bA? an' "$ +A: an' "/ 'A11 an' "# "$.A is ! (ears ol'er t%an B )%o is t)i+e as ol' as 9.5& t%e total o& t%e ages o& A B an' 9 be !?. t%en %o) ol' is B; aA? bA$ +A: 'A1D ":.T%e age o& a man is t%ree times t%e sum o& t%e ages o& %is t)o sons.2ive (ears %en+e %is age )ill be 'ouble o& t%e sum o& t%e ages o& %is sons.T%e &at%ers present age is: aA#D (ears bA#. (ears +A.D (ears 'A.. (ears #D.T%e total age o& A an' B is 1! (ears more t%an t%e total age o& B an' 9.9 is %o) man( (ears (ounger t%an A; aA1! bA!# +A9 is el'er t%an A 'A'ata ina'e1uate CA ENDARS 1.M%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1/t% [ul( 1??/; aAmon'a( bAtues'a(+A)e'nes'a( 'A&ri'a( !.Jn )%at 'ates o& [ul( !DD# 'i' mon'a( &all; aA. 1! 1: !/ bA1! . 1: !/ +A+annot be 'etermine' 'Anone o& t%ese ".M%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1/t% april !DDD; aAmon'a( bA&ri'a( +Asatur'a( 'Asun'a( #.M%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7on 1.t% august 1:#?; aA&ri'a( bAsatur'a( +Asun'a( 'Amon'a( ..T%e &irst Republi+ Ea( o& 5n'ia )as +elebrate' on !/t% panuar( 1:.D.5t )as aAtues'a( bA)e'nes'a( +At%urs'a( 'A&ri'a( /.T%e last 'a( o& +entur( +annot be aAmon'a( bA)e'nes'a( +A&ri'a( 'Atues'a( ?.To'a( is &ri'a( a&ter /! 'a(s it )ill be aAsatur'a( bAmon'a(+Atues'a( 'At%urs'a( $.M%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7on !$t% ma( !DD";

aA&ri'a( bAsatur'a( +Asun'a( 'Amon'a( :.M%at )as t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1?t% [une 1::$ aAmon'a( bAtues'a(+A)e'nes'a( 'At%urs'a( 1D.M%at )ill be t%e 'a( o& t%e )ee7 on 1st [anuar( !D1D; aA&ri'a( bAsatur'a( +Asun'a( 'Amon'a( 11.Jn )%at 'ates o& April !DD1 'i' sun'a( &all; aA1 $ 1. !! !: bA! : 1/ !" "D +A# 11 1$ !. 'A/ 1" !D.!? 1!.T%e +alen'ar &or t%e (ear !DD. Me'nes'a( is t%e same as &or t%e (ear; aA!D1D bA!D11 +A!D1! 'A!D1" 1".Jn $t% mar+% !DD. )e'nes'a( &alls.M%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 )as it on $t% mar+%; aAsun'a( bAmon'a(+Atues'a( 'A)e'nes'a( 1#.panuar( 1 !DD# )as a T%urs'a(.M%at 'a( o& t%e )ee7 lies on pan 1 !DD.; aAt%urs'a( bA&ri'a( +Asatur'a( 'Asun'a(

C OC!S 1.2in' t%e angle bet)een t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 )%en t%e time is ":!D aA!D bA"D +A#D 'A.D !.At )%at time bet)een # an' .Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e ! %an's o& a +lo+7 be at an angle o& /D 'egrees )it% ea+% ot%er; aA#:1D 1DL11 bA#:"! $L11 +Abot% a an' b 'Anone o& t%ese ".2in' t%e time at )%i+% t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 are at rig%t angles bet)een ? an' $Fo +lo+7; aA?:!1 :L11 bA?:.# /L11 +Abot% a \ b 'Anone o& t%ese #.2in' t%e time at )%i+% t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 are exa+tl( opposite 'ire+tions bet)een $ an' :Fo +lo+7; aA$:1D 1DL11 bA$:D! +A$:"L11 'Anone o& t%ese ..At )%at time bet)een ! an' "Fo +lo+7 are t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 toget%er; aA!:1D bA!:1D 1DL11 +A!:1D 1DL1! 'Anone /.5n !# %ours %o) man( times 'o t%e t)o %an's o& a +lo+7 +oin+i'e; aA!D times bA!1 times +A!! times 'A!" times ?.5& t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 +oin+i'e ever( /. minutes %o) mu+% time 'oes t%e +lo+7 gain or lose per 'a(; aA1D 1DDL1#/ bA1D 1DDL1#. +A1D 1DDL1./ 'A1D 1DDL1#" $.5n a +ountr( R +lo+7s are manu&a+ture' in a spe+ial )a(.T%e total area +overe' b( t%e %our %an' in ! 'a(s is !L"r' o& t%e total area +overe' b( t%e minute %an' in one 'a(.M%at is t%e ratio o& t%e lengt% o& t%e minute %an' to t%e lengt% o& t%e %our %an'; aA1:! bA!:1 +A#:1 'A1:# :.T%ere are t)o +lo+7s )%i+% are set to +orre+t time on sun'a( at 1! noon.T%e &irst +lo+7 gains ! 1L! minutes ever( %our )%ile t%e se+on' +lo+7 loses 1 1L! minutes ever( %our.M%en )ill t%e( be ! %ours apart; aAMon'a( : p.m bATues'a( 1! mi'nig%t +AMon'a( / p.m 'ATues'a( / a.m 1D.A )at+% )%i+% is set +orre+tl( at 1! noon on sun'a( s%o)s /:!D a.m on Mon'a( )%en t%e +orre+t time is /:DD a.m.5& t%e +orre+t time is /:DD p.m. on tues'a( )%at time 'oes t%e +lo+7 s%o); aA/:#. p.m bA?:DD p.m +A?:"D p.m 'A$:DD p.m 11.At )%at time bet)een 1 an' !Fo +lo+7 are t%e t)o %an's +oin+i'ent; aA1:1! .L11 bA1:D? .L11 +A1:D. .L11 'A1:D$ .L11 1!.A[a( starte' a test at a +ertain time bet)een . an' / an' en'e' bet)een / an' ?. 0e observe' t%at t%e minutes an' %ours %an's )%en %e en'e' t%e test %a' inter+%ange' t%eir positions )it% t%ose )%en %e starte'.0o) mu+% time 'i' %e ta7e &or t%e test; aA.! "L11 bA.. .L1" +A#? #L: 'A#. min 1".A +lo+7 is starte' at noon.B( 1D minutes past . t%e %our %an' %as turne' t%roug% aA1#. 'eg bA1.D 'eg +A1.. 'eg'A1/D 'eg 1#.An a++urate +lo+7 s%o)s $Fo +lo+7 in t%e morning.T%roug% %o) man( 'egrees )ill t%e %our %an' rotate )%en t%e +lo+7 s%o) !Fo +lo+7 in t%e a&ternoon; aA1## 'eg bA1.D 'eg +A1/$ 'eg'A1$D 'eg 1..At ":#D t%e %our %an' an' t%e minute %an' o& a +lo+7 &orm an angle o& aA1!D bA1!. +A1"D 'A1". 1/.T%e angle bet)een t%e minute %an' an' t%e %our %an' o& a +lo+7 )%en t%e time is $:"D is aA$D bA?. +A/D 'A1D. 1?.T%e angle bet)een t%e minute %an' an' t%e %our %an' o& a +lo+7 )%en t%e time is #:!D is aAD bA1D +A. 'A!D 1$.At )%at angle t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 are in+line' at 1. minutes past .; aA.$ 1L! bA/# +A/? 1L! 'A?! 1L! 1:.T%e re&lex angle bet)een t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 at 1D:!. is aA1$D bA1:! 1L! +A1:. 'A1:? 1L!

!D.0o) man( times 'o t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 +oin+i'e in a 'a(; aA!D bA!1 +A!! 'A!# !1.0o) man( times 'o t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 are straig%t; aA!! bA!# +A## 'A#$ !!.0o) man( times are t%e% %an's o& a +lo+7 at rig%t angle in a 'a(; aA!! bA!# +A## 'A#$ !".0o) man( times in a 'a( are t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 in straig%t line but opposite in 'ire+tion; aA!D bA!! +A!# 'A#$ !#.0o) mu+% 'oes a )at+% lose per 'a( i& its %an's +oin+i'e ever( /D minutes; aA"! $L11 bA"/ .L11 +A:D min 'A:/ min !..At )%at time in minutes bet)een "Fo +lo+7 an' #Fo +lo+7 bot% t%e nee'les )ill +oin+i'e ea+% ot%er; aA. 1L11 bA1! #L11 +A1" #L11 'A1/ #L11 !/.At )%at time bet)een : an' 1DFo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a )at+% be toget%er; aA#. min past : bA.D min past : +A#: 1L11past: 'A#$ !L11 past : !?.At )%at time bet)een ? an' $Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er; aA. min.past ? bA. !L11 past ? +A. "L11 past ? 'A. .L11 past ? !$.At )%at time bet)een # an' .Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an'le o& a )at+% point to opposite 'ire+tions; aA#. min past # bA#D min past # +A.D #L11 past # 'A.# /L11 min past# !:.At )%at time bet)een .:"D an' / )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be at rig%t angles; aA#" .L11 bA#" ?L11 past . +A+annot be 'etermine' 'Anone "D.A )at+% )%i+% gains uni&orml( in ! min lo) at noon on mon'a( an' is # min.#$se+ &ast at ! pp.m.on t%e &ollo)ing mon'a(.)%en )as it +orre+t; aA! p.m on tues'a( bA! p.m on )e'nes'a( +A" p.m on t%urs'a( 'A1 p.m on &ri'a( "1.A )at+% )%i+% gains . se+on's in " minutes )as set rig%t at ? a.m.5n t%e a&ternoon o& t%e same 'a( )%en t%e )at+% in'i+ate' 1uarter past #Fo +lo+7 t%e true time is aA.: ?L1! past " bA# p.m +A. p.m 'A? p.m "!.A +lo+7 is set rig%t at $ a.m.T%e +lo+7 gains 1D minutes in !# %ours.M%at )ill be t%e true time )%ne t%e +lo+7 in'i+ates 1 p.m on t%e &ollo)ing 'a(; aA#$ min past 1! bA#$ min +A#? min past # 'Anone "".A +lo+7 is set rig%t at . a.m.T%e +lo+7 loses 1/ min in !# %ours.M%at )ill be t%e true time )%en t%e +lo+7 in'i+ates 1D p.m on #t% 'a(; aA1! p.m bA1 p.m +A1 a.m 'A11 p.m "#.T%e minute %an' o& a +lo+7 overta7es t%e %our %an' at intervals o& /. min o& t%e +orre+t time.0o) mu+% a 'a( 'oes t%e +lo+7 gain or lose; aA1D 1DL#" in !# %rs bA1D 1DL!" in !# %rs +A1D 1DL"# in !# %rs'Anone "..2in' t%e angle bet)een t%e %our %an' an' t%e minute %an' o& a +lo+7 )%en t%e time is ":!. aA#! bA#. +A#? 1L! 'A?" "/.At )%at time bet)een ! an' "Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be toget%er; aA1D 1DL11 min past ! bA1D 1DL11 past " +A1D 1DL11 past# 'Anone "?.At )%at time bet)een # an' .Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be at rig%t angle; aA . .L11 min past # bA"$ !L11 min past # +Abot% a\b 'Anone "$.At )%at time bet)een # an' .Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be at rig%t angle; aA . .L11 min past # bA"$ !L11 min past # +Abot% a\b 'Anone ":.2in' at )%at time bet)een $ an' :Fo +lo+7 )ill t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 be in t%e same straig%t line but not toget%er aA1D 1DL11 min past $ bA1D 1DL11 past? +A1D 1DL11past! 'Anone #D.At )%at time bet)een . an' /Fo +lo+7 are t%e %an's o& a +lo+7 " minutes apart; aA"1 .L11 min past . bA"1 .L1$ min past . +A"1 .L1: min past . 'A"1 .L1/ min past . N"#$ERS 1.2in' t%e number o& &a+tors t%at t%e number !D!. %as. aA1! bA1" +A1. 'A1# !.5n %o) man( )a(s +an 1#/"D be )riten as t%e pro'u+t o& t)o &a+tors aA1# bA1. +A!" 'A1/ ".2in' t%e largest " 'igit multiple o& !$. aA:$D bA:$? +A:$/ 'A.?$ #.2in' t%e smallest number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( # or ? leaves a remain'er o& " in ea+% +ase an' t%e number being greater t%an t%e t)o 'ivisors aA"D bA?/ 9A!1 'A"1

..2in' t%e largest &our 'igit number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( . an' : gives remain'ers o& " an' ? respe+tivel( aA$$:: bA::$$ +A:$:$ 'A$:$: /.2in' t%e smallest number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( ? leaves a remain'er o& / an' )%en 'ivi'e' b( 11 leaves a remain'er o& $ aA#D bA!D +A.: 'A#1 ?.2in' t%e remain'er o& t%e 'ivision "c#!L# aAD bA1 +A! 'A" $.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is 'ivisible b( 1:; aA/1#1!D bA$/D#?! +A:!11:# 'A::$??? :.M%at s%oul' be a''e' to #?.:". so t%at it be+omes a multiple o& 11; aA! bA" +A? 'A$ 1D.M%at s%oul' be subra+te' &rom #?$1$. so t%at it be+omes a multiple o& 1:; aA? bA$ +A1D 'A1! 11.T%ere are some s)eets )it% me.5& i 'istribute t%em e1uall( among 1D 1/ or !D +%il'ren i )oul' be le&t )it% one s)eet in ea+% +ase.5& i 'istribute t%e s)eets e1uall( among !D +%il'ren 5 'o not %ave an( s)eets le&t )it% me.0o) man( s)eets 'o i %ave; aA:! bA11. +A1.D 'A1/1 1!.M%at is t%e largest number )%i+% 'ivi'es !$$ .!$ an' ?D$ an' leave t%e same remain'er in ea+% +ase; aA"D bA/D +A?. 'A1.D 1".M%at is t%e smallest &ive 'igit number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( ? 11 an' !1 leaves a remin'er o& . in ea+% +ase; aA1D1/# bA1D1/: +A1D11$ 'A1D1!" 1#.2rom a +ertain +it( buses start &or &our 'i&&erent pla+es ever( 1. !D !. an' "D minutes starting &rom $ a.m.At )%at time &or t%e &irst time a&ter $ a.m. )oul' all t%e buses start toget%er again; aA1D a.m bA1! noon +A1 p.m 'A! p.m 1..A number )%en 'ivi'e' b( :!$ leaves a remin'er !##.M%at )oul' be t%e remin'er )%en t%e number is 'ivi'e' b( .$; aA$ bA1! +A1? 'A!" 1/.M%en a t%ree 'igit number is 'ivi'e' b( /##$# an' /!?/? t%e remain'er is t%e same in bot% t%e +ases.M%at is t%e remain'er; aA1D1 bA#.$ +A?.? 'A+annot be 'etermine' 1?.i& x61Lx - # &in' t%e value o& xc#-1Lxc#@x,1A aA11! bA11!s1rt" +A!!# 'Anone o& t%ese 1$.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing is a per&e+t s1uare; aA!D ?"# bA/1 .D# +A?1 !:. 'A?? !$/ 1:.0o) man( 'igits are t%ere in t%e smallest number +ontaining all :Fs )%i+% is 'ivisible b( 1"; aA# bA. +A/ 'A$ !D.5& t%e number ?##$x!#( is 'ivisible b( ?! &in' t%e value o& x-( given x not e1ual to ( aA. bA? +A$ 'Anone o& t%ese !1.T%e 'i&&eren+e o& a &our 'igit number an' an( number &orme' b( permutin its 'igits )oul' al)a(s be 'ivisible b( aA1$ bA11 +A1D 'A: !!.2in' a number su+% t%at it ex+ee's 1$ b( t%ree times t%e number b( )%i+% it is less t%an $/ aA"! bA/: +A.# 'A/? !".2in' t%e smallest number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( "1 leaves as remain'er ? an' )%en 'ivi'e' b( !. leaves a remain'er / aA1D/ bA$1 +A1"1 'A1/! !#.2in' t%e greatest number )it% )%i+% )%en ./. $#? an' 1..1 are 'ivi'e' t%e respe+tive remain'ers are . ? an' 11 aA?D bA1#D +A1?D 'A!1D !..2in' t%e remain'er )%en "c.D is 'ivi'e' b( 11 aA1 bA/ +A? 'A+annot be 'etermine' !/.2in' t%e smallest number )%i+% )%en in+rease' b( . is 'ivisible b( "/ 1D$ 1!/ an' 1:$ aA##!! bA$"11 +A??/# 'A/$/? !?.M%at is t%e minimum number o& i'enti+al s1uare tiles re1uire' to +over a &loor o& 'imensions " m ?$ +m b( # m $D +m aA"!DD bA.D#D +A?/DD 'A$1DD !$.T%e 092 an' B9M o& a pair o& numbers are 11 an' 1DD1 resp.2in' t%e smaller o& t%e t)o numbers given t%at t%eir sum is !!D aA11 bA"" +A.. 'A?? !:.2in' t%e greatest po)er o& !D )%i+% +an 'ivi'e !DD] aA1D bA#: +A:$ 'A1D# "D.2in' t%e number o& &a+tors o& t%e number #/!DD

aA/# bA?$ +A:/ 'A1D/ "1.2in' t%e %ig%est po)er o& . +ontaine' in !.D] aA.D bA/! +A?$ 'A$# "!.2in' t%e largest &ive 'igit number )%i+% )%en 'ivi'e' b( $ leaves remain'er " an' )%en 'ivi'e' b( ? leaves remain'er 1; aA:::#$ bA:::." +A:::/D 'A:::#? "".M%en t%e numbers . ? an' 11 'ivi'e a multiple o& 1? t%e remain'ers le&t are respe+tivel( # / an' 1D.M%i+% multiple o& 1? gives t%e least number t%at satis&ies t%e given +on'ition; aA"$# bA"1? +A"$. 'Anone o& t%ese "#.0o) man( times t%e 092 o& t%e &ra+tions "L1# /L". an' 1/L!1 is t%eir B9M; aA1##D bA1## +A!1D 'A#$ "..M%at is t%e maximum number o& )a(s in )%i+% t%e number 11D!. +an be expresse' as t%e pro'u+t o& a pair o& +o prime &a+tors aA1 bA! +A# 'A$ "/.M%at is t%e number o& 'i&&erent )a(s in )%i+% t%e number ?$# +an be expresse' as a pro'u+t o& t%e t)o 'i&&erent &a+tors; aA$ bA? +A! 'Anone o& t%ese "?.M%at is t%e sum o& all t%e +oprimes o& !# )%i+% are less t%an !#; aA:/ bA?! +A.! 'A1## "$.0o) man( +o prime o& ." are t%ere bet)een !: an' #1 in+lu'ing t%e t)o numbers; aA!" bA1" +A"/ 'Anone o& t%ese ":.M%at is t%e 092 o& t%e numbers represente' b( n@nc! 6 !DA n being an even number; aA1/ bA1! +A$ 'A#$ #D.M%en a t%ree 'igit number is 'ivi'e' b( /##$# an' /!?/? t%e remain'er is t%e same in bot% t%e +ases.M%at is t%e remain'er; aA1D1 bA#.$ +A?.? 'A+annot be 'etermine' PERCENTAGES % PRO&IT ' OSS 1.5n a +ri7et tournament a team )ante' its over all su++ess rate to be ?.^.A&ter pla(ing %al& t%e total number o& mat+%es it re+or'e' onl( .D ^ su++ess.M%at per+entage o& t%e remaining mat+%es s%oul' it )in to a+%ieve an overall su++ess rate o& ?.^; aA.D^ bA?.^ +A1DD^ 'A$D^ !.A man sells s%oes b( &irst 1uoting t%e selling pri+e at a +ertain mar7 up on t%e +ost pri+e.0e later o&&ers a 'is+ount on t%is pri+e su+% t%at t%e 'is+ount per+ent is t%e same as t%e mar7 up per+ent.5& %is +ost pri+e per pair o& s%oes is Rs."DD t%en %e ma7es an overalluuuin t%e transa+tion aApro&it bAloss +Ano pro&it no loss 'A+annot be 'etermine' ".T%e respe+tive s+ores o& t)o +an'i'ates in an examination are .D^ an' $D^ o& t%e maximum possible.T%e se+on' +an'i'ate passes b( /D mar7s )%ere as t%e &irst one &ails b( 1!D mar7s.M%at is t%e pass mar7; aA"/D bA#!D +A#$D 'A"DD #.T)o 'ining sets are sol' at t%e same selling pri+e resulting in a !D^ gain on t%e &irst an' an' 1 "D^ gain on t%e se+on'.B( )%at is t%e +ost pri+e o& t%e &ist more t%an t%at o& t%e se+on'; aA$ 1L!^ bA$ 1L"^ +A1?^ 'A!.^ ..B( giving a 'is+ount o& "D^ a tra'er ma7es a pro&it o& !D^.5& t%e tra'er gives a 'is+ount o& Rs #DD %e )oul' ma7e a !D^ loss.2in' t%e mar7e' pri+e o& t%e arti+le aARs /DDbARs ?.D +ARs :DD 'Anone o& t%ese /.A bag +ontains balls o& t%ree 'i&&erent +olours-Re' Blue an' Kreen.T%e number o& blue balls is 1! 1L!^ less t%an t%e number o& re' balls an' #D^ more t%an t%e number o& green balls.B( )%at per+ent is t%e sum o& t%e blue an' green balls less t%an t%e sum o& t%e re' an' blue balls aA!D^ bA!.^ +A"?..^ 'A/ 1L#^ ?.T%e pri+e o& sugar is in+rease' b( .D^.B( )%at per+entage s%oul' t%e +onsumption o& sugar be re'u+e' so t%at t%e expen'iture on sugar is in+rease' b( !D^; aA!D^ bA1D^ +A"" 1L"^ 'A!.^ $.A tra'er pur+%ase' t)o air +on'itioners.0e sol' bot% o& t%em-one at !D^ pro&it an' t%e ot%er at !D^ loss.2in' t%e overall pro&it or loss per+entage in t%e transa+tion aA#^ loss bA#^ pro&it +ANeit%er pro&it nor loss 'A+annot be 'etermine' :.5& a pro&it ma'e b( selling an arti+le at Rs."DDD is t)i+e t%e loss in+urre' )%en t%e arti+le )as sol' at Rs.:DD t%en &in' t%e +ost pri+e o& t%e arti+le aARs 1$DD bARs 1.DD +ARs 1/DD'ARs 1!DD 1D.A tra'er in an attempt to in+rease %is sales announ+es !D^ 'is+ount on an arti+le an' %en+e re'u+es %is pro&it per arti+le &rom Rs /D to Rs #D.2in' t%e +ost pri+e o& t%e arti+le.

aARs #D bARs /D +ARs 1DD 'A+annot be 'etermine' 11.M%i+% o& t%e &ollo)ing +%oi+es is a better bargain &or a +ustomer; aAA single 'is+ount o& #D ^ bAA 'is+ount o& !.^ &ollo)e' b( anot%er 'is+ount o& 1. ^ +AT%ree su++essive 'is+onts o& !D ^ 1D ^ an' 1D ^ respe+tivel( 'AAll t%e above are e1uall( goo' 1!."@D.D.^ o& 1.!.A is )%at per+ent o& ?..^ o& !.C1Dc-"; aA"^ bA"" 1L"^ +A1DD ^ 'A1^ 1".A an' B start a business b( investing some +apital ea+%.At t%e en' o& t%e (ear A re+eives !D^ o& t%e total pro&it as +ommission )%ile t%e rest o& t%e pro&it is s%are' in t%e ratio o& t%eir respe+tive investments.A &inall( re+eives .D^ more t%an )%at B re+eives.5& AFs +apital is Rs.1D .?/ t%en BFs +apital is aARs1# 1D1 bARs $$1" +ARs //1D'Anone o& t%ese 1#.A tra'er b( selling "D suit+ases gains t%e selling pri+e o& . suit+ases.2in' t%e pro&it per+entage per suit+ase sol' aA1/ !L"^ bA!$ #L? ^ +A!D^ 'A!.^ 1..A tra'er ma7es ##^ pro&it a&ter allo)ing a 'is+ount o& !D^ on t%e mar7e' pri+e.M%at is t%e pro&it per+ent i& a 'is+ount o& #D^ is allo)e'; aA!!^ bA$^ +A#.!^ 'A!?.?^ 1/.Roopa sol' "DD pens in a 'a(.S%e ma'e neit%er a pro&it nor a loss on one out o& ever( &our pens t%at s%e sol'.5& s%e earne' an average pro&it o& !D^ on t%e remaining pens &in' %er overall pro&it per+entage. aA1.^ bA1# !L?^ +A1! ^ 'A1/ !L"^ 1?.A tra'er 1uotes t%e selling pri+e o& an arti+le /D^ above t%e +ost pri+e.M%at is t%e maximum per+entage 'is+ount t%at +an be o&&ere' )it%out su&&ering a loss; aA.:^ bA":^ +A.?^ 'A"?..^ 1$.A tra'er 1uotes .D^ above t%e 9* an' realises .^ pro&it b( selling at a +ertain 'is+ount.5& t%e mar7 up an' 'is+ount are in+rease' b( ten per+entage points ea+% t%e per+entage +%ange in t%e selling pri+e is aA:^ bA$ #L?^ +A: #L?^ 'A$^ 1:.Ma%a'ev pur+%ase' /^ sto+7 at 11. &or Rs1" $DD.A&ter some time %e sol' it &or Rs1? #DD an' )it% t%at mone( %e pur+%ase' 1!^ sto+7 at 1!D.M%at is t%e 'i&&eren+e bet)een t%e number o& s%ares %e %a' initiall( an' no); aA. bA1! +A1. 'A!. !D.An arti+le )as sol' at a pro&ito& ".^ a&ter t)o su++essive 'is+ounts o& 1D^ an' !.^ )ere allo)e' on it.B( )%at per+ent )as t%e arti+le mar7e' above t%e +ostpri+e; aA/D^ bA?.^ +A$D^ 'A1DD^ !1.5n a sto+7 o& 1DD pens i& ea+% is sol' at ".^ pro&it t%en t%e 9* o& %o) man( pens is e1ual to t%e selling pri+e o& !D pens aA1? bA!? +A1. 'A!" !!.M%en t%e pri+e o& an arti+le is in+rease' b( "!^ it in+reases b( Rs$D.B( )%at per+ent s%oul' t%e original pri+e be re'u+e' so t%at it 'e+reases b( Rs!.; aA.^ bA1D^ +A$^ 'A1/^ !".5n a librar( #D^ o& t%e boo7s are in englis%."D^ o& t%e remaining boo7s are in %in'i.one &i&t% o& t%e remaining boo7s are in sans7rit an' t%e remaining 1/$D boo7s are in ot%er 5n'ian languages.0o) man( boo7s are t%ere in t%e librar(;L aA!. DDD bA1D DDD +A!D DDD 'A.DDD !#.5n an ele+tion t%ree +an'i'ates-A B an' 9 +onteste'.B )on t%e ele+tion b( a ma[orit( o& /D DDD votes over 9.5& A got .D^ votes less t%an 9 an' a total o& # $D DDD people exer+ise' t%eir &ran+%ise )%at )ere t%e total votes in &avour o& B; aA!!$DDD bA!.!DDD +A!$$DDD 'A"!#DDD !..T%e in+omes o& Anant an' B%argav are in t%e ratio ":!.T%e expen'iture o& B%argav is e1ual to t%e saving o& Anant%.5& t%e savings o& Anant% an' B%argav are in t%e ratio ":1 )%o spen's t%e greater per+entageo& t%eir respe+tive in+omes aAAnant% bAB%argav +ABot% spen' an e1ual per+entage 'A+annot be 'etermine' !/.Apples boug%t at Rs .D per 'oGen an' sol' at .D^ pro&it.0o) mu+% 'oes a man %ave to pa( &or t)ent( apples; aARs 1DD bARs 1/D +ARs 1!. 'ARs !#D !?.5n a s+%ool /D^ o& t%e total stu'ents are bo(s.5& $D^ o& t%e total stu'ents are absent on a rain( 'a( atleast )%at per+ent o& t%e bo(s )ere absent on t%at 'a(; aA"" 1L" ^ bA!D^ +A#D^ 'A// !L"^ !$.Ab%is%e7 Yatis% an' Menon start a partners%ip business )it% investments in t%e ratio .:$:1!.At t%e en' o& t%e (ear t%e( s%are' t%e pro&it in t%e ratio ":!:/.M%at is t%e ratio o& t%e respe+tive perio's o& investmenton menon (atis% an' ab%is%e7; aA1!:.:1D bA1D:.:1! +A1.:1/:?! 'A?!:1/:#. !:.A man pur+%ase' a sto+7 o& goo's )ort% Rs /DDD.0e sol' !L.t% o& it at "D^ pro&it.5& %e )ants to %ain !D^ o& t%e )%ole t%e remaining goo's s%oul' be sol' at )%at per+entage pro&it; aA1!..^ bA1/.//^ +A1".""^ 'A1#.!$^

"D.5& one t%ir' o& a number is !D less t%an $D^ o& $D )%at is ?.^ o& t%at number; aA1?/ bA:: +A1"! 'A11D "1.!D^ o& a larger number is !." less t%an "D^ o& a smaller number.5& t%e larger number ex+ee's t%e smaller number b( 1D )%at is t%e value o& t%e larger number; aA/? bA"" +A." 'A#? "!.A an' B starte' a business b( investing Rs ". DDD an' Rs 1"DDD resp.At t%e en' o& ever( mont% A )it%'ra)s a +ertain amount &rom %is investment an' B invests t%e same amount as A %as )it%'ra)n.At t%e en' o& t%e (ear t%e( s%are t%e pro&its in t%e ratio 1:1.2in' t%e )it%'ra)n b( A ever( mont% aARs 1DDD bARs !DDD +ARs "DDD'ARs #DDD "".M%en t%e lengt% o& a re+tangle is 'e+rease' b( t%irt( &ive per+ent an' its brea't% in+rea -se' b( &i&t( per+en t%e perimeter remains un+%ange'.B( )%at per+entage is t%e brea't% less t%an t%e lengt%; aA/ !L"^ bA1.^ +A!D^ 'A"D^ Eire+tions &or 1uestion "# to "/:T%ese 1uestions are base' on t%e &ollo)ing 'ata "#.5& t%e respe+tive pro&its on selling a +olour TI an' a EIE pla(er are in t%e ratio !:1. M%at is t%e +ostpri+e o& a EIE pla(er; aARs !DDD bARs !!.D +ARs !.DD'A+annot be 'etermine' "..M%at is t%e ratio o& t%e 9* o& a +olour TI an' a MM respe+tivel(; aA.:# bA1:1 +A#:. 'A+annot be 'etermine' "/.5& t%e pro&it on selling a MM is !.^ an' t%e +ost pri+es o& a MM an' a EIE pla(er are in t%e ratio ":1 )%at is t%e maximum per+entage 'is+ount t%at +an be o&&ere' on t%e pri+e o& a EIE pla(er.So t%at t%ere is no loss; aA!D^ bA!.^ +A#D^ 'A+annot be 'etermine' Eire+tions &or 1uestions "? to #D:Sele+t t%e +orre+t alternative &rom t%e given +%oi+es "?.A stu'ent +al+ulate' t%e per+entage o& pro&it o& a transa+tion b( ta7ing t%e S* as t%e basis an' arrive' at t%e &igure o& .D^ pro&it.M%at is t%e +orre+t pro&it per+entage; aA.D^ bA1DD^ +A1.D^ 'A!.^ "$.A tra'er b( selling !D suit+ases gains t%e +ost pri+e o& . suit+ases.2in' t%e pro&it per+entage per suit+ase sol'; aA1/ !L"^ bA!.^ +A!D^ 'A!!^ ":.T%e pro'u+tion o& # )%eelers " )%eelers an' !-)%eeler b( an automobile manu&a+turer 'uring a (ear is in t%e ratio !:":#.J)ning to +%anging tren's in t%e 'eman' &or ve%i+les in t%e next (ear t%e +ompan( 'e+i'es to +ut its #-)%eeler pro'u+tion b( %al& an' 'ouble its !-)%eeler pro'u+tion )%ile maintaining t%e "-)%eeler pro'u+tion at t%e level o& t%e previous (ear.M%at is t%e +%ange in terms o& per+entage points in t%e per+entage s%are o& "-)%eelers. aAno +%ange bA$ 1L" +A"? 1L! 'A1! 1L! #D.A tra'er pur+%ases t)o so&a sets at pri+es )%i+% are in t%e ratio .:".T%e pro&it per+entage %e ma'e on t%e se+on' set is t)i+e t%e@numeri+al value o& t%eAloss per+entage ma'e on t%e &irst set.5n t%e entire transa+tion t%e tra'er ma7es a gain !..^.M%at is t%e loss per+entage on t%e &irst set; aA1/^ bA!D^ +A1!^ 'A1!..^ PIPES AND CISTERNS 1.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in "/ %ours an' #. %ours respe+tivel(.5& bot% t%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( %o) mu+% time )ill be ta7en to &ill t%e tan7; aA1D %rs bA1. %rs +A!D %rs 'A!. %rs !.T)o pipes +an &ill a tan7 in 1D %ours an' 1! %ours respe+tivel( )%ile a t%ir' pipe empties t%e &ull tan7 in !D %ours.5& all t%e t%ree pipes operate simultaneousl( in %o) mu+% time )ill t%e tan7 be &ille'; aA? %rs "D min bA. %rs +A? %rs 'Anone o& t%ese ".5& t)o pipes &un+tion simultaneousl( t%e reserviour )ill be &ille' in 1! %ours.Jne pipe &ills t%e reservoir 1D %ours &aster t%an t%e ot%er.0o) man( %ours 'oes it ta7e t%e se+on' pipe to &ill t%e reservior; aA1D bA!D +A"D 'A#D #.A +istern %as t)o taps )%i+% &ill it in 1! minutes an' 1. minutes respe+tivel(.T%ere is also a )aste pipe in t%e +istern.M%en all t%e t%ree are opene' t%e empt( +istern is &ull in !D minutes.0o) long )ill t%e )aste pipe ta7e to empt( t%e &ull; aA. min bA1D min +A1. min 'A!D min ..An ele+tri+ pump +an &ill a tan7 in " %ours.Be+ause o& a lea7 in t%e tan7 it too7 " 1L! %ours to &ill t%e tan7.5& t%e tan7 is &ull %o) mu+% time )ill t%e lea7 ta7e to empt( it; aA1? bA1$ +A!D 'A!1 /.T)o pipes +an &ill a +istern in 1# %ours an' 1/ %ours respe+tivel(.T%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( an' it is &oun' t%at 'ue to lea7age in t%e bottom it too7 "! minutes more to &ill t%e +istern.M%en t%e +istern is &ull in )%at time )ill t%e lea7 empt( it; aA11D %rs bA111 %rs +A11! %rs 'Anone o& t%ese

?.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in "/ min an' #. min resp.A )ater pipe 9 +an empt( t%e tan7 in "D min.2irst A an' B are are opene'.A&ter ? min 9 is also opene'.5n %o) mu+% time t%e tan7 is &ull; aA1: min bA!: min +A": min 'A#: min $.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in !# min an' "! min. resp.5& bot% t%e pipes are opene' simultaneousl( a&ter %o) mu+% time B s%oul' be +lose' so t%at t%e tan7 is &ull in 1$ min; aA. min bA$ min +A1/ min 'A!: min :.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in !D an' "D min resp.5& bot% t%e pipes are use' toget%er t%en %o) long )ill it ta7e to &ill t%e tan7; aA1! min bA1. min +A!. min 'A.D min 1D.T%ree pipes A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 in / %ours.A&ter )or7ing at it toget%er &or ! %rs 9 is +lose' an' A an' B +an &ill t%e remaining part in ? %ours.T%e number o& %ours ta7en b( 9 alone to &ill t%e tan7 is aA1D bA1! +A1# 'A1/ 11.A +istern +an be &ille' b( a tap in # %ours )%ile it +an be emptie' b( anot%er tap in : %rs.5& bot% t%e taps are opene' simulataneousl( t%en a&ter %o) mu+% time )ill t%e +istern get &ille'; aA#.. %rs bA. %rs +A/.. %rs 'A?.! %rs 1!.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a +istern in "? 1L! minutes an' #. minutes resp.Bot% pipes are opene'.T%e +istern )ill be &ille' in [ust %al& an %our i& t%e pipe B is turne' o&& a&ter aA. min bA: min +A1D min 'A1. min 1".A tap +an &ill a tan7 in / %ours.A&ter %al& t%e tan7 is &ille' t%ree more similar taps are opene'.M%at is t%e total time ta7en to &ill t%e tan7 +ompletel(; aA" %rs 1. min bA" %rs #. min +A# %rs 'A# %rs 1. min 1#.T)o pipes +an &ill a tan7 in !D an' !# min resp. an' a )aste pipe +an empt( " gallons per minute.All t%e t%ree pipes )or7ing toget%er +an &ill t%e tan7 in 1. min.T%e +apa+it( o& t%e tan7 is aA/D gallons bA1DD gallons +A1!D gallons 'A1$D gallons 1..A )ater tan7 is t)o &i&t% &ull.*ipe A +an &ill a tan7 in 1D min an' pipe B +an empt( it in / min.5& bot% t%e pipes are open %o) long )ill it ta7e to empt( or &ill t%e tan7 +ompletel(; aA/ min to empt( bA/ min to &ill +A: min to empt( 'A: min to &ill 1/.A lea7 in t%e bottom o& a tan7 +an empt( t%e &ull tan7 in $ %ours.An inlet pipe &ills )ater at t%e rate o& / litres a min.M%en t%e tan7 is &ull t%e inlet is opene' an' 'ue to t%e lea7 t%e tan7 is empt( in 1! %rs.0o) man( litres 'oes t%e +istern %ol'; aA?.$D bA?:/D +A$!:D 'A$/#D 1?.*ipe A +an &ill a tan7 in . %rs pipe B in 1D %rs an' *ipe 9 in "D %rs.5& all t%e pipes are open in %o) man( %ours )ill t%e tan7 be &ille'; aA! bA!.. +A" 'A".. 1$.A booster pump +an be use' &or &illing as )ell as &or empt(ing a tan7.T%e +apa+it( o& t%e tan7 is !#DD +ubi+ meter.T%e empt(ing +apa+it( o& t%e tan7 is 1D mc" per min %ig%er t%an its &illing +apa+it( an' t%e pump nee's $ min lesser to empt( t%e tan7 t%an it nee's to &ill it.M%at is t%e &illing +apa+it( o& t%e pump; aA.D bA/D +A?! 'Anone o& t%ese 1:.*ipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in . an' / %ours respe+tivel(.*ipe 9 +an empt( it in 1! %rs. 5& all t%e t%ree pipes are opene' toget%er t%en t%e tan7 )ill be &ille' in aA1 1"L1? %rs bA! $L11 %rs +A" :L1? %rs 'A# 1L! %rs !D.T%ree taps A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 in 1! 1. an' !D %ours respe+tivel(.5& A is open all t%e time an' B an' 9 are open &or one %our ea+% alternatel( t%e tan7 )ill be &ull in aA/ %rs bA/ !L" %rs +A. %rs 'A? 1L! %rs !1.T%ree pipes A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 &rom empt( to &ull in "D min !D min an' 1D min resp. M%en t%e tan7 is empt( all t%e t%ree pipes are opene' A B an' 9 'is+%arge +%emi+al solutions * N an' R respe+tivel(.M%at is t%e proportion o& solution R in t%e li1ui' in t%e tan7 a&ter " min aA.L11 bA/L11 +A?L11 'A$L11 !!.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in / %rs an' # %rs resp.5& t%e( are opene' on alternate %ours an' i& pipe A is opene' &irst in %o) man( %ours t%e tan7 s%all be &ull; aA# bA# 1L! +A. 'A. 1L! !".T)o pipes A an' B +an separatel( &ill a +istern in /D min an' ?. min respe+tivel(.T%ere is a t%ir' pipe in t%e bottom o& t%e +istern to empt( it.5& all t%e t%ree pipes are simultaneousl( opene' t%en t%e +istern is &ull in .D min.5n %o) mu+% time t%e t%ir' pipe alone +an empt( t%e +istern; aA:D min bA1DD min +A11D min'A1!D min !#.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a +istern in 1! min an' 1. resp )%ile a t%ir' pipe 9 +an empt( t%e &ull tan7 in / min.A an' B are 7ept open &or . min in t%e beginning an' t%en 9 is also opene'.5n )%at time t%e +istern is emptie'; aA"D min bA"" min +A"? 1L! min 'A#. min !..A pump +an &ill a tan7 )it% )ater in ! %rs.Be+ause o& a lea7 it too7 ! 1L" %ours to &ill t%e tan7.T%e lea7 +an 'rain all t%e )ater o& t%e tan7 in aA# 1L" %rs bA? %rs +A$ %rs 'A1# %rs

!/.A large tan7er +an be &ille' b( t)o pipes A an' B in /D min an' #D min resp.0o) man( min )ill it ta7e to &ill t%e tan7er &rom empt( state i& B is use' &or %al& t%e time an' A an' B &ill it toget%er &or anot%er %al&; aA1. min bA!D min +A!?.. min 'A"D min !?.T)o taps A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in . %rs an' !D %rs resp.5& bot% t%e taps are open t%en 'ue to lea7age it too7 "D min more to &ill t%e tan7.5& t%e tan7 is &ull %o) long )ill it ta7e &or t%e lea7age alone to empt( t%e tan7; aA# 1L!%rs bA: %rs +A1$ %rs 'A"/ %rs !$.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in 1. %rs an' !D %rs resp )%ile a t%ir' pipe 9 +an empt( t%e &ull tan7 in !. %rs.All t%e t%ree pipes are opene' in t%e beginning.A&ter 1D %ours 9 is +lose'.5n %o) mu+% time )ill t%e tan7 be &ull; aA1! %rs bA1" %rs +A1/ %rs 'A1$ %rs !:.T)o pipes A an' B toget%er +an &ill a +istern in # %ours.0a' t%e( been opene' separatel( t%en B )oul' %ave ta7en / %ours more t%an A to &ill t%e +istern.0o) mu+% time )ill be ta7en b( A to &ill t%e +istern separatel(; aA1 %r bA! %rs +A/ %rs 'A: %rs "D.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in 1. min an' !D min resp.Bot% t%e pipes are opene' toget%er but a&ter # min pipe A is turne' o&&.M%at is t%e total time re1uire' to &ill t%e tan7; aA1D min !D se+ bA11 min #. se+ +A1! min "D se+ 'A1# min #D se+ "1.Jne pipe +an &ill a tan7 t%ree times as &ast as anot%er pipe.5& toget%er t%e t)o pipes +an &ill t%e tan7 in "/ min t%en t%e slo)er pipe alone )ill be able to &ill t%e tan7 in aA$1 min bA1D$ min +A1## min'A1:" min "!.A tan7 is &ille' in . %rs b( t%ree pipes A B an' 9.T%e pipe 9 is t)i+e as &ast as B an' B is t)i+e as &ast as A.0o) mu+% time )ill pipe A alone ta7e to &ill t%e tan7; aA!D %rs bA!. %rs +A". %rs 'Anone o& t%ese "".A tan7 is &ille' b( t%ree pipes )it% uni&orm &lo).T%e &irst t)o pipes operating simultaneousl( &ill t%e tan7 in t%e same time 'uring )%i+% t%e tan7 is &ille' b( t%e t%ir' pipe alone.T%e se+on' pipe &ills t%e tan7 . %ours &aster t%an t%e &irst pipe an' # %ours slo)er t%an t%e t%ir' pipe.T%e time re1uire' b( t%e &irst pipe is aA/ %rs bA1D %rs +A1. %rs 'A"D %rs "#.1! bu+7ets o& )ater &ill a tan7 )%en t%e +apa+it( o& ea+% tan7 is 1".. litres.0o) man( bu+7ets )ill be nee'e' to &ill t%e same tan7 i& t%e +apa+it( o& ea+% bu+7et is : litres; aA$ bA1. +A1/ 'A1$ "..Bu+7et * %as t%ri+e t%e +apa+it( as bu+7et N.5t ta7es /D turns &or bu+7et * to &ill t%e empt( 'rum.0o) man( turns it )ill ta7e &or bot% t%e bu+7ets * an' N %aving ea+% turn toget%er to &ill t%e empt( 'rum; aA"D bA#D +A#. 'A:D "/.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in 1! min an' 1. min respe+tivel(.5& bot% t%e taps are opene' simultaneousl( an' t%e tap A is +lose' a&ter " minutes t%en %o) mu+% more time )ill it ta7e to &ill t%e tan7 b( tap B; aA? min 1. se+ bA? min #. se+ +A$ min . se+ 'A$ min 1. se+ "?.*ipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in . an' / %ours respe+tivel(.*ipe 9 +an empt( it in 1! %rs. 5& all t%e t%ree pipes are opene' toget%er t%en t%e tan7 )ill be &ille' in aA1 1"L1? %rs bA! $L11 %rs +A" :L1? %rs 'A# 1L! %rs "$.T%ree taps A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 in 1! 1. an' !D %ours respe+tivel(.5& A is open all t%e time an' B an' 9 are open &or one %our ea+% alternatel( t%e tan7 )ill be &ull in aA/ %rs bA/ !L" %rs +A. %rs 'A? 1L! %rs ":.T%ree pipes A B an' 9 +an &ill a tan7 &rom empt( to &ull in "D min !D min an' 1D min resp. M%en t%e tan7 is empt( all t%e t%ree pipes are opene' A B an' 9 'is+%arge +%emi+al solutions * N an' R respe+tivel(.M%at is t%e proportion o& solution R in t%e li1ui' in t%e tan7 a&ter " min aA.L11 bA/L11 +A?L11 'A$L11 #D.T)o pipes A an' B +an &ill a tan7 in / %rs an' # %rs resp.5& t%e( are opene' on alternate %ours an' i& pipe A is opene' &irst in %o) man( %ours t%e tan7 s%all be &ull; aA# bA# 1L! +A. 'A. 1L!

PRO$A$I IT( 1.T%e probabilit( t%at a 'igit +%osen at ran'om &rom V1 ! " # . / ? $ :W )ill be multiple o& " is aA1L" bA!L" +A"L# 'A.L: !.T%e probabilit( o& t%ro)ing a total o& " )%en t)o 'i+e are t%ro)n is aA1L"/ bA1L1$ +A.L"/ 'A".L"/ ".5& t)o +ar's are 'ra)n are at ran'om &rom a )ell s%u&&le' pa+7 t%e probabilit( t%at bot% are 1ueens is aA"L!!1 bA1L!!1 +A1L1? 'A#L1? #.A +ommittee o& t%ree is to be +%osen &rom a group o& " men an' # )omen.T%e probabilit( o& all t%e t%ree being )omen is aA#L". bA"L". +A"1L". 'A"#L".

..5& . stu'ents are seate' at ran'om in a ro) t%e probabilit( t%at t)o parti+ular stu'ents are not seate' si'e b( si'e is aA1"L1!D bA11:L1!D +A"L. 'A#L. /.T%ere are !. bulbs out o& )%i+% ! are &use'.5& ! bulbs are 'ra)n at ran'om t%e probabilit( o& 'ra)ung one goo' an' one &use' bulb is aA?L1" bA.L1" +A!"L1.D 'A?L1. ?.A puGGle in logi+ )as given to " stu'ents A B an' 9 )%ose +%an+es o& solving i are 1L! "L# an' 1L# respe+tivel(.T%e probabilit( t%at t%e problem is solve' is.. aA!:L"! bA"1L"! +A1L$ 'A?L$ $.A 'ie %as ! o& its si'es painte' pin7 ! blue an' ! green.5& t%e 'ie is rolle' t)i+e t%e probabilit( t%at same +olour appears bot% t%e times is aA1L" bA!L" +A?L: 'A$L: :.5& t%e +ar' is 'ra)n at ran'om &rom a pa+7 t%e probabilit( t%at it is a [a+7 is aA1L.! bA1L!/ +A"L!/ 'A1L1" 1D.T%e +%an+e t%at a leap (ear %as ." tues'a(s is aA!L1" bA"L? +A!L? 'A1L$ 11.T%e o''s against an event A are " to ! )%ile t%e o''s in &avor o& anot%er in'epen'ent event B are ! to ..T%en t%e probabilit( t%at atleast one o& t%em )oul' %appen is aA.L? bA!L? +A#L? 'A"L? 1!.T%e probabilit( o& t%ro)ing !! or more )it% a t%ro) o& # 'i+e is aA.L#"! bA#"1L#"! +A"L#"! 'A#!?L#"! Eire+tions &or 1uestions 1" to 1?: A %ouse )i&e bu(s a 'oGen eggs o& )%i+% t)o turn out to be ba'.5& s%e +%ooses # eggs at ran'om &rom t%e 'oGen to s+ramble &or brea7&ast t%e probabilit( t%at s%e +%ooses 1".all goo' eggs is aA1L"" bA1#L"" +A1"L"" 'A1L11 1#.t%ree goo' eggs an' one ba' egg is aA1/L"" bA1L11 +A1:L"" 'A1DL11 1..t)o goo' eggs an' t)o ba' eggs is aA1?L"" bA1/L"" +A"L11 'A1L11 1/.atleast one ba' egg is aA1"L!! bA#L11 +A1:L"" 'A"L11 1?.atleast one goo' egg is aA1"L!! bA1 +A11L"" 'A1#L"" 1$.5& t%ree balls are 'ra)n at ran'om &rom a bag +ontaining # re' an' ? green balls t%e o''s in &avour o& all being re' is aA1!:1" bA#:1/1 +A1/1:# 'A":1!1 1:.T%e probabilit( t%at a number sele+te' at ran'om &rom t%e &irst 1D natural numbers is prime is aA"L. bA"L1D +A?L1D 'A!L. !D.T%e probabilit( o& getting exa+tl( ! %ea's )%en ! +oins are tosse' is aA1L! bA1L# +A"L# 'A1L" !1.T%e probabilit( o& getting atleast one %ea' )%en # &air +oins are tosse' is aA1L1/ bA1.L1/ +A"L1/ 'A?L1/ !!.T%e probabilit( o& getting atleast one %ea' )%ere a loa'e' +oin is toss' t)i+e@given t%at %ea' o++urs t)i+e as o&ten as tailsA is aA?L: bA$L: +A#L: 'A!L: !".T%e o''s against t%e o+uran+e o& a %ea' )%en a loa'e' +oin is tose' are ":..T%e probabilit( o& getting a tail )%en t%e +oin is tosse' is aA"L$ bA.L$ +A"L! 'A.L! !#.5& # +oins are tosse' t%e probabilit( o& getting !%ea's an' ! tails is aA"L$ bA/L11 +A!L. 'A#L. !..5& A an' B are t)o mutuall( ex+lusive events su+% t%at *@AA-. *@BA t%en *@AUBA:*@BAaA/:1 bA.:/ +A/:11 'A.:11 !/.i& *@AA - p an' *@BA-1 t%en *@AdUBdA@)%en A an' B is in'epen'entA is aAp1 bA@1-pA@1-1A +A1-p1 'Anone !?.5& *@AA - 1L# *@BA-!L. an' *@AUBA - 1L! t%en *@A interse+tion BA is aAD.1. bAD.1D +AD.1! 'AD."! !$.5& *@AA - D.?. an' B is an event )%i+% is mutuall( ex+lusive )it% A *@A interse+tion BAaAD.!. bAD.". +AD.$1 'Anone !:.A bag +ontains ? green an' $ )%ite balls.5& t)o balls are 'ra)n simutaneousl( t%e probabilit( t%at bot% are o& t%e same +olour is aA$L1. bA?L1. +A"L. 'A$L1. "D.5& " 'i+e are t%ro)n t%e probabilit( o& getting an even number on ea+% 'ie is aA#L: bA"L# +A"L1/ 'A1L$ "1.T)o 'i+e are rolle'.T%e probabilit( o& getting a sum o& atleast : is aA1"L"/ bA.L1$ +A".L"/ 'A11L"/ "!.T%e o''s against Arun solving a problem are .:? an' t%e o''s in &avor o& *ras%ant solving t%e same problem are #:".T%e probabilit( t%at onl( one o& t%em +an solve t%e problem is aA1"L$# bA#1L$# +A1?L$# 'A!"L$#

"".5& a +ar' is 'ra)n &rom a )ell s%u&&le' pa+7 o& +ar's t%e 7probabilit( o& 'ra)ing a spa'e or a 7ing is aA1:L.! bA1?L.! +A.L1" 'A#L1" "#.Jut o& &irst !D natural numbers one number is pi+7e' at ran'om.T%e probabilit( t%at it is )it%er an even number or a prime number is aA1L! bA1/L1: +A#L. 'A1?L!D "..A bag %as 1D bulbs o& )%i+% " are 'e&e+tive.5& t%ree bulbs are 'ra)n in su++ession )it%out repla+ement t%e prababilit( o& all t%e t%ree being 'e&e+tive is aA@"L1DAc" bA1L1!D +A1L$D 'A?L1!D "/. 5& *@Ainterse+tion BA - D.! *@AA-D.. an' *@AUBA - D.?t%en *@BdAaAD.# bAD.$ +AD./ 'AD." "?.5n a single t%ro) )it% t)o 'i+e t%e probabilit( o& t%ro)ing t%e sum less t%an 11 is aA11L1! bA".L"/ +A"1L"/ 'A"L# "$.5& t)o +ar's are 'ra)n at ran'om &rom a )ell s%u&&le' pa+7 t%e probabilit( t%at bot% are 7ing is aA1L!!1 bA1"L1? +A.1L.! 'A.L.! ":.5& six persons sit aroun' a table t%e probabilit( t%at some spe+i&ie' t%ree o& t%em are al)a(s toget%er is aA1L!D bA"L1D +A1L. 'A#L. #D.Arun spea7s trut% in ?D^ o& +ases )%ile B%argav spea7s trut% in /.^ o& +ases.T%e probabilit( t%at t%e( )ill +ontra'i+t ea+% ot%er on starting t%e same &a+t is aAD.## bAD.?! +AD.#? 'AD.$/ TI#E AND DISTANCE 1.Express a spee' o& .# 7mL%r in metersLse+on'. aA1. mLse+ bA!D mLse+ +A!. mLse+ 'A"D mLse+ !.A +ar +an +over ".D 7m in # %ours.5& t%e spee' is 'e+rease' b( 1! 1L! 7mp% %o) mu+% time 'oes t%e +ar ta7e to +over a 'istan+e o& #.D 7m; aA# %rs bA. %rs +A! %rs 'A/ %rs ".A person +overs a +ertain 'istan+e at a +ertain spee'.5& %e in+reases%is spee' b( !. ^ t%en %e ta7es 1! minutes less to +over t%e same 'istan+e.2in' t%e time ta7en b( %im initiall( to +over t%e 'istan+e at t%e original spee' aA" %rs bA! %rs +A1 %r 'A? %rs #.A +ar +overs a +ertain 'istan+e going at a spee' o& /D 7mp% an' returns to t%e starting point at a spee' o& #D 7mp%.2in' t%e average spee' &or t%e )%ole [ourne(. aA#$ 7mp% bA#! 7mp% +A"# 7mp% 'A#D 7mp% ..M%at is t%e time ta7en b( a train running at .# 7mL%r to +ross a man stan'ing on a plat&orm t%e lengt% o& t%e train being 1$D m; aA/ se+on's bA1! se+on's +A1/ se+on's 'A1$ se+on's /.0o) long )ill a train 1DD m long an' travelling at a spee' o& #. 7mp% ta7e to +orss a plat&orm o& lengt% 1.D m; aA!D se+ bA!: se+ +A!? se+ 'A+annot be 'etermine' ?.2in' t%e lengt% o& t%e bri'ge )%i+% a train 1!D m long travelling at .# 7mp% +an +ross in "D se+on's. aA"#D m bA".D m +A""D m 'A":D m $.A )or7er rea+%es %is )or7 pla+e 1. minutes late b( )al7ing at #7mp% &rom %is %ouse.T%e next 'a( %e in+reases %is spee' b( !7mp% an' rea+%es in time.2in' t%e 'istan+e &rom %is %ouse to %is )or7 pla+e aA! 7m bA/ 7m +A$ 7m 'A" 7m :.A person leaves %is %ouse an' travelling at # 7mp% rea+%es %is o&&i+e 1D minutes late.0a' %e travelle' at ?7mp% %e )oul' %ave been !D mins earl(.2in' t%e 'istan+e &rom t%e %ouse to t%e o&&i+e; aA1#L" bA! +A1#L: 'A1#L/ 1D.2in' t%e time ta7en b( a train 1.D m long running at a spee' o& /" 7mp% to +ross anot%er train o& lent% 1DD m long running at a spee' o& #. 7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion aA!. se+on's bA.D se+on's +A?. se+on's 'A1DD se+on's 11.A train +rosses t)o persons +(+ling in t%e same 'ire+tion as t%e train in 1! an' 1$ se+on's respe+tivel(.5& t%e spee's o& t%e t)o +(+lists are : an' 1$ 7mp% respe+tivel(.2in' t%e lengt% an' spee' o& t%e train. aA$D m b$: m +A:$ m 'A:D m 1!.T)o trains running at #. an' .# 7mp% +ross ea+% ot%er in 1! se+on's )%en t%e( run in opposite 'ire+tions.M%en t%e( run in t%e same 'ire+tion a person in t%e &aster train observes t%at %e +rosse' t%e ot%er train in "! se+on's.2in' t%e lengt%s o& t%e t)o trains aA!.D bA#.D +A!/D 'A!"# 1".T)o trains o& lengt% 1.D m an' !.Dm run on parallel lines.M%en t%e( run in t%e same 'ire+tion it )ill ta7e !D se+on's to +ross ea+% ot%er an' )%en t%e( run in opposite 'ire+tion it )illl ta7e . se+on's.2in' t%e spee's o& t%e t)o trains. aA1$D an' 1D$ bA!?! an' !11 +A1!" an' $!$ 'Anone o& t%ese 1#.T%e average spee' &or an entire [ourne( is /D 7mp% )it%out +onsi'ering t%e stoppages.M%en t%e stoppages are +onsi'ere' t%e average spee' be+omes #$ 7mp%.0o) man( minutes per %our on an average )ere t%e stoppages; aA1D mins bA1! mins+A1/ mins 'Anone o& t%ese 1..5 %a' to +at+% a bus )%i+% )as !!. m a%ea' o& me.T%e bus also starte' at t%e same time.5& t%e

spee' o& t%e bus )as !.. mLse+ an' m( sppe' )as "/ 7mp% in %o) mu+% time +an i +at+% t%e bus; aA!D se+on's bA!. se+on's +A"D se+on's 'A#D se+on's 1/.T%e 'istan+e &rom m( %ouse to m( &rien's %ouse is 1! 7m.5 )al7e' at a spee' o& # 7mp% an' a&ter ever( 7ilometre too7 rest &or 1D mins.0o) mu+% time 'i' it ta7e &or me to rea+% m( &rien's %ouse; aA" %rs bA# %rs an' .D mins +A. %rs 'Anone o& t%ese 1?.A train +overe' a 'istan+e o& !.D 7m partl( at an average spee' o& #D 7mp% an' partl( at /D 7mp%.2in' t%e 'istan+e +onvere' at #D 7mp% i& it too7 . %rs &or t%e train to +over t%e 'istan+e. aA1.D 7m bA1!D 7m +A1DD7m 'A+annot be 'etermine' 1$.A bus +overe' a 'istan+e o& 1/D 7m in # %rs +overing a part o& it at "D 7mp% an' t%e remaining at ?D 7mp%.2or %o) mu+% time 'i' t%e us travel at ?D 7mp%; aAD.. %r bA1 %r +A1 1L! %s 'A! %rs 1:.A +ar ta7es ! %ours more to +over a 'istan+e o& #$D 7m )%en its spee' is re'u+e' b( $ 7mp%. 2in' its usual spee' aA#$ 7mp% bA.. 7mp% +A/D 7mp% 'A/# 7mp% !D.A person +overe' t%e &irst #D 7m o& %is [ourne( at .D 7mp% t%e next ?D 7m at ". 7mp% an' t%e remaining 'istan+e in 1! mins.5& t%e average spee' o& t%e entire [ourne( is .! 7mp%.2in' t%e 'istan+e +overe' in t%e last stre+% o& t%e [ourne(. aA!! 7m bA"# 7m +A#D 7m 'A#/ 7m !1.A train ta7es 1D se+on's to +ross a man stan'ing on a plat&orm an' ## se+on's to +ross t%e plat&orm.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm i& t%e spee' o& t%e train is ?! 7mp%; aA##D m bA.?D m +A/$D m 'Anone o& t%ese !!.A train travelling at "/ 7mp% ta7es #$ se+on's to +ross a bri'ge.5t t%en +rosses a man +(+ling at t%e rate o& : 7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion in !D se+on's.2in' t%e lengt% o& t%e bri'ge aA1.D m bA!!D m +A!$D m 'A""D m !".A train +rosses t)o bri'ges "?D m an' #$D m long in .1 an' /! se+on's respe+tivel(.2in' t%e spee' o& t%e train. aA!# 7mp% bA"/ 7mp% +A#. 7mp% 'A/# 7mp% !#.A man starte' 1. minutes late an' b( travelling at a spee' )%i+% is .L#rt% o& %is usual spee' rea+%e' %is o&&i+e !D mins earl(.M%at is t%e usual time o& t%e [ourne(; aA$.mins bA1DD mins +A1". mins 'A1?. mins !..A para+%utist be&ore %e opens %is para+%ute &alls &or a time t1 an' +overs a 'istan+e o& .t1c! an' a&ter %e opens %is para+%ute %e &alls &or a time t! an' +overs a 'istan+e It!.I is t%e velo+it( attaine' [ust be&ore t%e para+%ute is opene' an' is given b( .t1.A&ter )%at time 'i' %e open t%e para+%ute i& t%e total 'istan+e +overe' b( t%e para+%utist is 1.DDm an' t%e total time is "D se+on's; aA1D se+on's bA!D se+on's +A1$ se+on's 'A1! se+on's !/.A7as% Anurag an' Ris%ab are running aroun' a +ir+ular tra+7 o& lengt% :DD m )it% respe+tive spee's o& 1. m !D m an' "D mLse+.A7as% an' Anurag are running in t%e same 'ire+tion )%ile Ris%ab is running in t%e opposite 'ire+tion.A&ter %o) mu+% time )ill all t%e t%ree o& t%em meet &or t%e &irst time; aA!D se+on's bA/D se+on's +A1!D se+on's 'A1$D se+on's !?.A poli+e patrol part( travelling at /D 7mp% +rosses an es+aping t%ie& travelling in t%e opposite 'ire+tion at #$ 7mp%.T%e poli+e part( %as to travel &or a &urt%er . minutes be&ore it +an &in' a gap in t%e me'ian )%ere it +an ta7e a U turn an' start +%asing t%e t%ie&.A&ter %o) mu+% time a&ter t%e poli+e part( +rosses t%e t%ie& 'oes it +at+% %im; aA!. mins bA.D mins+A1. mins 'A"! mins !$.5n a 1DDD m ra+e A rea+%es t%e goal . se+on's earlier an' beats B b( .D m.M%at is AFs spee'; aA1D mLsbA1D 1DL1: mLs +A: :L1: mLs 'A11 :L1: mLs !:.T)o points A an' B are 'iametri+all( opposite points on a +ir+ular roa' o& +ir+um&eren+e 1! 7m. A +(+list starte' &rom A an' ma'e t%ree roun's.0e ma'e t%e &irst roun' )it% a spee' o& 1! 7mp% an' 'e+rease' %is spee' b( " 7mp% &or ever( roun'.M%at is t%e interval bet)een t%e &irst time %e passes t%roug% B an' t%e t%ir' time %e passes t%roug% B; aA!DD mins bA1DD mins +A$. mins 'A1?D mins "D.T)o men le&t simultaneousl( t)o pla+es A an' B.Jne o& t%em le&t A &or B )%ile t%e ot%er le&t B &or A.Bot% travel ea+% at %is o)n uni&orm velo+it(.T%e &irst person on rea+%ing B returns to A an' t%en again travels ba+% to B an' so on.M%at )ill be t%e 'istan+e +overe' b( t%e &irst person )%en t%e( meet &or t%e t%ir' time given t%e ratio o& t%e spee' o& t%e &irst person to t%at o& t%e se+on' person is ":! t%e 'istan+e bet)een A an' B is .DD m; aA1DDD m bA1.DD m +A!.DD m 'A1!DD m "1.A person ta7es / %ours to go b( +ar to a +ertain pla+e an' return b( bus.0e gains ! %rs i& %e goes bot% )a(s b( +ar.0o) long )oul' %e %ave ta7en i& %e %a' gone b( bus bot% )a(s; aA# %rs bA/ %rs +A$ %rs 'A! %rs "!.+ar A an' +ar B are travelling on t)o perpen'i+ular roa's to)ar's +it( 9 )it% e1ual spee's. +ar A starts &rom a 'istan+e o& 1DD 7m ar 11 a.m )%ile +ar B starts &rom a 'istan+e o& ?D 7m at 1! noon.At !p.m t%e t)o +ars are .D 7m apart.M%at is t%e spee' )it% )%i+% t%e( are travelling; aA!. 7mp% bA!D 7mp% +A"D 7mp% 'A1. 7mp% "".T)o trains o& lengt% !DD m an' 1DD m simultaneousl( )nter a tunnel o& lengt% "DDm &rom opposite en's at t%e same time on parallel tra+7s.T%e respe+tive spee's o& t%e t)o trains are "/ 7mp% an' 1$ 7mp%.A&ter %o) mu+% time &rom t%e instant t%e t)o trains entere' t%e tunnel

)ill t%e tunnel be &ree o& tra&&i+ again; aA#D se+on's bA"D se+on's +A1!D se+on's 'A$D se+on's "#.Ra[at %a' +overe' one t%ir' o& t%e total 'istan+e o& %is trip )%en %is s+ooter &aile' .0e t%en par7e' it an' +overe' t%e remaining 'istan+e on &oot spen'ing !D times as long )al7ing as ri'ing.0o) man( times )as %is ri'ing spee' more t%an %is )al7ing spee'; aA!D bA1: +A1D 'A: "..As%is% an' Bali run to)ar's ea+% ot%er &rom * an' N respe+tivel( )it% respe+tive spee's o& "/ 7mp% an' #. 7mp%.A&ter meeting ea+% ot%er i& As%is% rea+%es N in . %ours in %o) man( %ours )ill Bali rea+% *; aA" bA" 1L. +A# 'A$ "/.A train o& lengt% 1$D m travelling at ?! 7mp% overtoo7 a mortor+(+list travelling at "/ 7mp% at # p.m.At . p.m it overtoo7 anot%er +(+list travelling in t%e opposite 'ire+tion at a spee' o& 1$ 7mp%.M%en )ill t%e +(+list meet t%e motor+(+list; aA1 %r !D mins bA1 %r "D min +A1 %r #. min 'Anone o& t%e above "?.T)o men le&t simulataneousl( t)o pla+es A an' B.one o& t%em le&t A &or B an' t%e ot%er B &or A. Bot% travelle' ea+% )it% %is o)n uni&orm velo+it(.0aving arrive' at t%eir 'estination t%e( turne' ba+7 )it%out stopping an' turne' ba+7 to t%eir starting points.2irst time t%e( met on t%eir o)n [oune( 1$ 7m &rom BYt%e se+on' time on t%eir return [ourne( : 7m &rom A.2in' t%e 'istan+e AB. aA"D 7m bA#. 7m +A/D 7m 'A+annot be 'etermine' "$.A +ar travels a total 'istan+e o& 1.D 7m.A&ter travelling a part o& t%e 'istan+e )it%out an( trouble t%e +ar 'evelops an engine problem an' pro+ee's at !L"r' o& its &ormer spee' an' arrives at t%e 'estination #$ mins late.0a' t%e problem 'evelope' !# 7m &urt%ur on t%e +ar )oul' %ave arrive' 1! min sooner.2in' t%e original 'istan+e it travelle' )it%out an( problem an' t%e spee' over t%at part o& t%e [ourne(. aA1DD7m /D 7mp% bA#$7m "/7mp% +A?!7m .D7mp% 'A.#7m /D 7mp% ":.T)o +(+lists simulatanueousl( start &rom A to B an' B to A respe+tivel(.T%e( +ross ea+% ot%er a&ter a time t %ours.T%e &irst person rea+%es B in anot%er t1 %ours )%ile t%e se+on' person rea+%es A in anot%er t! %ours.T%en aAt-t16t!L! bAt-!t1t!Lt16t! +At-s1rt@t1t!A 'At-t!-t1L! #D.Ramu starts &rom * to)ar's N at a spee' o& "D 7mp% an' a&ter ever( 1! min in+rease %is spee' b( . 7mp%.5& t%e 'istan+e bet)een * an' N is .! 7m t%en %o) mu+% time 'oes %e ta7e to +over t%e 'istan+e; aA/D min bA?! min +A:D min 'A1!D min TI#E AND )OR! 1.5& !D men ta7e "D 'a(s to +omplete a [ob.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an !. men +omplete t%e [ob; aA!$ 'a(s bA!# 'a(s +A"/ 'a(s 'A!D 'a(s !.2i&teen men ta7e 1D 'a(s to +omplete a [ob )or7ing 1! %ours a 'a(.0o) man( %ours a 'a( s%oul' 1D men )or7 to +omplete t%e [ob in !D 'a(s; aA!D 'a(s bA$ 'a(s +A: 'a(s 'A1D 'a(s ".A pie+e o& )or7 +an be 'one b( 1/ men in $ 'a(s )or7ing 1! %ours a 'a(.0o) man( men are nee'e' to +omplete anot%er )or7 )%i+% is t%ree times t%e &irst one in !# 'a(s )or7ing $ %ours a 'a(; aA!# men bA!: men +A!D men 'A"D men #.A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in : 'a(s. B +an 'o t%e same in 1! 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an t%e )or7 be +omplete' i& A an' B )or7 toget%er; aA. 1L: 'a(s bA. 1L# 'a(s +A. 1L" 'a(s 'A. 1L? 'a(s ..A an' B toget%er +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in 1! 'a(s an' A alone +an +omplete t%e )or7 in 1$ 'a(s. 0o) long )ill B alone ta7e to +omplete t%e [ob; aA"D 'a(s bA"/ 'a(s +A/ 'a(s 'A./ 'a(s /.Anil an' Amit +an +omplete a [ob in 1! 'a(s )or7ing toget%er. Amit alone +an +omplete it in 1/ 'a(s.Bot% o& t%em )or7e' toget%er &or # 'a(s an' t%en Amit le&t. 0o) long )ill Anil ta7e to +omplete t%e remaining )or7; aA"D 'a(s bA#? 'a(s +A"! 'a(s 'A!# 'a(s ?.A an' B +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in 1! 'a(s B an' 9 +an 'o it in 1. 'a(s an' 9 an' A +an 'o t%e same )or7 in !D 'a(s. 0o) long )oul' ea+% ta7e to +omplete t%e [ob; aA1L"D 1L!D 1L/D bA1L!D 1L"D 1L"D +A1L!D 1L!D 1L!D 'A1L/D 1LD 1L"D $.A an' B +an 'o a )or7 in 1! 'a(s B an' 9 in 1. 'a(s an' 9 an' A in !D 'a(s.T%e( all )or7 toget%er &or / 'a(s an' t%en A le&t.5n %o) man( more 'a(s +an B an' 9 &inis% t%e remaining )or7; aA. 'a(s bA/ 'a(s +A$ 'a(s 'A: 'a(s :.A +an 'o a )or7 in 1! 'a(s.M%en %e %a' )or7e' &or " 'a(s B [oine' %im.5& t%e( +omplete t%e )or7 in " more 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an B alone +an &inis% t%e )or7; aA. 'a(s bA/ 'a(s +A$ 'a(s 'A: 'a(s 1D.A an' B toget%er +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in 1# !L. 'a(sYB an' 9 toget%er +an 'o t%e same )or7 in 1! 'a(s.A&ter A )or7e' &or $ 'a(s B &or 1! 'a(s 9 ta7es up an' &inis%e' it alone in / 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill ea+% o& t%em 'o t%e )or7 )or7ing alone; aA!$ 'a(s bA!# 'a(s +A"/ 'a(s 'A!D 'a(s 11.To 'o a +ertain )or7 9 alone ta7es t)i+e as long as A an' B toget%er.A )oul' ta7e " times as long as B an' 9 toget%er.All t%ree toget%er +omplete t%e )or7 in . 'a(s.0o) long )oul' ea+% ta7e separatel(;

aA1. 'a(s bA!: 'a(s +A!D 'a(s 'A1D 'a(s 1!.# men or . )omen +an +onstru+t a )all in $! 'a(s.0o) long )ill it ta7e . men an' # )omen to 'o t%e same; aA"D 'a(s bA#? 'a(s +A"! 'a(s 'A#D'a(s 1".5& : men an' 1! bo(s +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in # 'a(s an' # men an' 1/ bo(s +an 'o t%e same pie+e o& )or7 in / 'a(s.%o) long )ill / men an' !# bo(s ta7e to +omplete t%e same )or7; aA. 'a(s bA/ 'a(s +A$ 'a(s 'A# 'a(s 1#.A +ertain number o& men +an 'o a )or7 in !D 'a(s.5& t%ere )ere # more men t%e )or7 +an be 'one in . 'a(s less.0o) man( men )ere t%ere initiall(; aA1! 'a(s bA1$ 'a(s +A1/ 'a(s 'A# 'a(s 1..a is " times as &ast as Y an' is able to +omplete t%e )or7 in #D 'a(s less t%an Y.2in' t%e time in )%i+% t%e( +an +omplete t%e )or7 toget%er; aA1! 'a(s bA1? 'a(s +A1: 'a(s 'A1. 'a(s 1/.Sita +an &inis% some )or7 in 1! 'a(s )or7ing # %ours a 'a(.Kita +an &inis% t%e same in 1. 'a(s )or7ing " %ours a 'a(.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an t%e( &inis% it )or7ing toget%er at # 1L! %ours a 'a(; aA. .L"1 'a(s bA. .L"! 'a(s +A. .L"" 'a(s 'A. .L"# 'a(s 1?.A alone +an 'o a )or7 in 1! 'a(s an' B alone in 1$ 'a(s.5& 9 ta7es t)i+e as long as A an' B toget%er %o) long )ill B an' 9 toget%er ta7e to +omplete t%e same )or7; aA. 'a(s bA/ 'a(s +A$ 'a(s 'A# 'a(s 1$.A an' B ea+% )or7ing alone +an 'o a )or7 in 1D an' 1. 'a(s respe+tivel(.T%e( starte' t%e )or7 toget%er but B le&t a&ter sometime an' A &inis%e' t%e remaining )or7 in . 'a(s.A&ter %o) man( 'a(s &rom t%e start 'i' B leave; aA# 'a(s bA" 'a(s +A! 'a(s 'A$ 'a(s 1:.A +ontra+tor 'e+i'e' to +omplete t%e )or7 in #D 'a(s an' emplo(e' /D men at t%e beginning an' #D men a''itionall( a&ter 1D 'a(s an' got t%e )or7 +omplete' as per s+%e'ule.5& %e %a' not emplo(e' t%e a''itional men %o) man( extra 'a(s )oul' %e %ave nee'e' to +omplete t%e )or7; aA"D 'a(s bA!D 'a(s +A#D 'a(s 'A#. 'a(s !D.A group o& ". men is emplo(e' to +omplete some )or7 in #$ 'a(s.A&ter "" 'a(s . more men are emplo(e' an' t%e )or7 is &inis%e' 1 'a( ealier.5& . more men )ere not emplo(e' %o) man( more 'a(s )oul' it %ave ta7en be(on' t%e expe+te' perio'; aA? 'a( be%in' s+%e'ule bA" 'a( be%in' s+%e'ule +A! 'a( be%in' s+%e'ule 'A1 'a( be%in' s+%e'ule !1.A an' B )or7ing separatel( +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in / an' : 'a(s respe+tivel(Yt%e( )or7 on alt%ernate 'a(s starting )it% A on t%e &irst 'a(.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e )or7 be 'one; aA# 'a(s bA" 'a(s +A! 'a(s 'A? 'a(s !!.A an' B )or7ing separatel( +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in / an' 1! 'a(s respe+tivel(.T%e( )or7 on alternate 'a(s starting )it% A on t%e &irst 'a(.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e )or7 be +omplete'; aA# 'a(s bA" 'a(s +A! 'a(s 'A$ 'a(s !".A an' B )or7ing separatel( +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in 1! an' 1. 'a(s .T%e( )or7 on alternate 'a(s starting )it% A on t%e &irst 'a(.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e )or7 be +omplete'; a1" 1L# 'a(s bA1" !L# 'a(s +A1" "L# 'a(s 'A1".L# 'a(s !#.A an' B )or7ing separatel( +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in !D an' !# 'a(s.T%e( )or7 on alternate 'a(s starting )it% B on t%e &irst 'a(.5n %o) man( 'a(s )ill t%e )or7 be +omplete'; aA!1 .L/ 'a(s bA!1 1L/ 'a(s +A!1 #L. 'a(s 'Anone o& t%ese !..A B an' 9 +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in # . an' ? 'a(s respe+tivel(.T%e( got Rs.#1. &or t%e [ob. )%at is AFs s%are; aA1!D bA1?. +A1/D 'A1#D !/.A B an' 9 +ontra+t a )or7 &or Rs.#.DD.A an' B toget%er +omplete "L.t% o& t%e )or7 an' t%en 9 ta7es over an' &inis%e' t%e )or7.M%at is t%e amount got b( 9; aA1!DD bA1$DD +A1/DD 'A1#DD !?.Mages &or #D )omen &or "D 'a(s are Rs !1 /DD.0o) man( men must )or7 &or !. 'a(s to earn Rs. 1# #DD i& t%e 'ail( )ages &or a man are 'ouble t%at o& a )omen; aA1! bA1# +A1/ 'A1: !$.A B an' 9 +an toget%er earn Rs.1 /!D in : 'a(s.A an' 9 +an earn Rs./DD in . 'a(s )%ere as B an' 9 in ? 'a(s +an earn Rs :1D.2in' t%e 'ail( earnings o& 9; aARs /D bARs ?D +ARs $D 'ARs :D !:.A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in !D 'a(s an' B in "D 'a(s.A starts t%e )or7 an' )or7e' &or / 'a(s. T%en B +omplete' t%e remaining part o& t%e )or7.5n %o) man( 'a(s )as t%e )or7 +omplete'; aA!# bA!? +A"! 'A"# "D.A +an 'o a pie+e o& )or7 in !# 'a(s an' B in #$ 'a(s.B [oins A a&ter A %a' )or7e' alone &or / 'a(s.5n %o) man( more 'a(s )oul' t%e )or7 get +omplete'; aA1D bA11 +A1! 'A1" "1.* +an +omplete a pie+e o& )or7 in !D 'a(s an' N in "D 'a(s.* )or7e' alone &or # 'a(s an' t%en N +omplete' t%e remaining )or7 along )it% R in 1$ 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an R )or7ing alone +omplete t%e )or7; aA/D bA/. +A$D 'A:D "!.!. men ta7e !. 'a(s to +onstru+t a )all 1D m %ig%.0o) man( men )oul' be re1uire' to +onstru+t a similar )all )%i+% is $ m %ig% i& it is planne' t%at t%e )or7 )oul' be +omplete' in 1D 'a(s; aA"! bA#D +A## 'A#$

"".!D +o)s an' #D goats +an be 7ept &or 1D 'a(s &or Rs.#/D.M%at )oul' be t%e +ost o& 7eeping .D +o)s an' "D goats &or 1! 'a(s i& t%e +ost o& 7eeping . goats is t%e same as +ost o& 7eeping 1 +o); aARs $$$ bARs :/. +ARs 1DD?'ARs 11D# "#.A B an' 9 starte' t%e )or7 an' a&ter +ompleting 1L.t% o& t%e )or7 9 le&t.A an' B t%en )or7e' &or !D 'a(s.9 t%en too7 over &rom A an' B an' +omplete' t%e remaining portion o& t%e )or7 in 1! 'a(s.5& 9 ta7es #D 'a(s to +omplete t%e )or7 in %o) man( 'a(s )our' A alone or B alone +omplete t%e )or7 i& t%e e&&i+ien+ies )it% )%i+% t%e( )or7 is t%e same; aA#D bA/D +A$D 'A1DD "..A bo( is tr(ing to +over a 'istan+e o& 1DD meters.0e ta7es a [ump &or)ar' an' +overs !m but ever( time %e [umps &or)ar' %e also moves 1m ba+7)ar'.5n all %o) man( [umps )oul' be re1uire' to +over t%e 'istan+e; aA:: bA1DD +A:$ 'Anone o& t%ese "/.A pie+e o& )or7 +an be +omplete' b( 1D men in +ertain number o& 'a(s.5& t%ere )ere ! men less it )oul' %ave ta7en " more 'a(s to +omplete t%e )or7.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an !# men +omplete t%e same )or7; aA! bA" +A# 'A. "?.A is $D ^ more e&&i+ient t%an B )%o is /D^ more e&&i+ient t%an 9.A ta7es #D 'a(s less t%an B to +omplete a )or7. A starts t%e )or7 an' )or7s &or !. 'a(s an' t%en B ta7es over.B t%en )or7 &or t%e next "D 'a(s an' t%en stops.5n %o) mu+% more time +an 9 +omplete t%e remaining )or7; aA!D 'a(s bA!# 'a(s +A"! 'a(s 'A#D 'a(s "$." men an' . )omen +an +omplete a )or7 in 1! 'a(s )%i+% . men an' 1! )omen +an +omplete in / 'a(s.5n %o) man( 'a(s +an # men an' # )omen +omplete t%e same )or7; aA? bA1D +A11 'A1! ":.* an' N agree' to +omplete a [ob in 1. 'a(s &or Rs /!DD.* +an +omplete t%e same [ob in .D 'a(s an' N in "D 'a(s.T%e( %a' to ta7e R to +omplete t%e )or7 in time.2in' RFs s%are in t%e mone( earne' b( t%em. aARs $$D bARs 1!#D +ARs 1#/D'ARs !D!D #D.A an' B +omplete a pie+e o& )or7 in 1D 'a(s.B an' 9 in 1! 'a(s an' 9 an' A in 1. 'a(s.All t%e t%ree o& t%em starte' )or7ing an' t%en B le&t a&ter # 'a(s.9 le&t " 'a(s a&ter t%at an' t%en imme'iatel( B [oine' A again to +omplete t%e remaining )or7.5n %o) man( 'a(s )as t%e )or7 +omplete'; aA1D bA1! +A1# 'A!! PRO$ E#S ON TRAINS 1.A train 1DD m long is running at a spee' o& "D 7mp%.2in' t%e time ta7en b( it to pass a man stan'ing near t%e rail)a( line aA1! se+ bA1" se+ +A1# se+ 'A1. se+ !.T)o trains 1DD m an' 1!Dm long are running in t%e same 'ire+tion )it% spee's o& ?! 7mp% an' .# 7mp%.5n %o) mu+% time )ill t%e &irst train +ross t%e se+on'; aA#D se+ bA## se+ +A?! se+ 'A"D se+ ".0o) long 'oes a train 11D m long running at a spee' o& ?! 7mp% ta7e to +ross a bri'ge 1"! m in lengt%; aA:.$ se+ bA1!.1 se+ +A1!.#! se+ 'A1#." se+ #.A train travelling at a spee' o& ?. mp% enters a tunnel " 1L! miles long.T%e train is 1L# mile long.0o) long 'oes it ta7e &or t%e train to pass t%roug% t%e tunnel &rom t%e moment t%e &ront enters to t%e moment t%e rear emerges; aA!.. min bA" min +A".! min 'A".. min ..A train spee's past a pole in 1. se+on's an' a plat&orm 1DD m log in !. se+on's. 5ts lengt% is aA.D m bA1.D m +A!DDm 'A'ata ina'e1uate /.A train passes a station plat&orm in "/ se+on's an' a man stan'ing on t%e plat &orm in !D se+on's.5& t%e spee' o& t%e train is .# 7mp% )%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm; aA1!Dm bA!#Dm +A"DD m 'Anone o& t%ese ?.T)o trains are running in opposite 'ire+tions )it% t%e same spee'.5& t%e lengt% o& ea+% train is 1!D m an' t%e( +ross ea+% ot%er in 1! se+on's t%en t%e spee' o& ea+% train is aA1D bA1$ +A"/ 'A?! $.A !?D m long train running at t%e spee' o& 1!D 7mp% +rosses anot%er train running in opposite 'ire+tion at t%e spee' o& $D 7mp% in : se+on's.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e ot%er train; aA!"D m bA!#D m +A!/D m 'A"!D m :.A "DD m long train +rosses a plat&orm in ": se+on's )%ile it +rosses a signal pole in 1$ se+on's.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm; aA"!D m bA".D m +A/.D m 'Anone o& t%ese 1D.A train +rosses a plat&orm 1DD m long in /D se+on's at a spee' o& #. 7mp%.T%e time ta7en b( t%e train to +ross an ele+tri+ pole is aA$ se+ bA.! se+ +A1 minute 'A'ata ina'e1uate 11.T)o trains o& e1ual lengt% are running on parallel lines in t%e same 'ire+tion at #/ 7mp% an' "/ 7mp% respe+tivel(.T%e &aster train passes t%e slo)er train in "/ se+. T%e lengt% o& ea+% train is aA.Dm bA?! +A$D 'A$!

1!.A train o& lengt% 1.D m ta7es #D.. se+on's to +ross a tunnel o& lengt% "DD metres.M%at is t%e spee' o& t%e train in 7mp%; aA1"."" bA!/./? +A#D 'A//./? 1".T)o goo's train ea+% .DD m long are running in opposite 'ire+tions so parallel tra+7s. T%eir spee's are #. 7mp% an' "D 7mp% respe+tivel(.2in' t%e time ta7en b( t%e slo)er train to pass t%e 'river o& t%e &irst one aA1! se+ bA!# se+ +A#$ se+ 'A/D se+ 1#.T)o trains one &rom %o)ra% to patna an' t%e ot%er &rom patna to %o)ra% start simultaneousl(. A&ter t%e( meet t%e trains rea+% t%eir 'estinations a&ter : %ours an' 1/ %ours respe+tivel(. T%e ratio o& t%eir spee's is aA!:" bA#:" +A/:? 'A::1/ 1..T%e lengt% o& a train an' t%at o& a plat&orm are e1ual.5& )it% a spee' o& :D 7mp% t%e train +rosses t%e plat&orm in one minute t%en t%e lengt% o& t%e train in metres is aA.DD bA/DD +A?.D 'A:DD 1/.A train 11D m long passes a man running at / 7mp% in t%e 'ire+tion opposite to t%at o& t%e train in / se+on's.T%e spee' o& t%e train is aA.# 7mp% bA/D 7mp% +A// 7mp% 'A?! 7mp% 1?.A train a starts &rom Meerut at # p.m an' rea+%es K%aGiaba' at . p.m )%ile anot%er train Y starts &rom K%aGiaba' at # p.m an' rea+%es Meerut at .:"D p.m.T%e t)o trains )ill +ross ea+% ot%er at: aA#:"/ p.m bA#:#! p.m +A#:#$ p.m 'A#:.D p.m 1$.A goo's train runs at a spee' o& ?! 7mp% an' +rosses a !.D m long plat&orm in !/ se+on's. M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e goo's train; aA!"D m bA!#D m +A!/D m 'A!?D m 1:.A train 1!D m long passes a man runnin at . 7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion in )%i+% t%e train is going in 1D se+on's.T%e spee' o& t%e train is aA#. 7mp% bA.D 7mp% +A.# 7mp% 'A.. 7mp% !D.T)o stations A an' B are 11D 7m apart on a straig%t line.Jne train starts &rom A at ? a.m an' travels to)ar's B at !D 7mp%.Anot%er train starts &rom B at $ a.m an' travels to)ar's A at a spee' o& !. 7mp%.At )%at time )ill t%e( meet; aA: a.m bA1D a.m +A1D:"D a.m 'A11 a.m !1.A train $DD m long is running at a spee' o& ?$ 7mp%.5& it +rosses a tunnel in 1 minute t%en t%e lengt% o& t%e tunnel@in metersA is aA1"D bA"/D +A.DD 'A.#D !!.T)o trains are moving in opposite 'ire+tion m /D 7mp% an' :D 7mp%.T%eir lengt%s are 1.1D 7m an' D.: 7m respe+tivel(.T%e time ta7en b( t%e slo)er train to +ross t%e &aster train in se+on's is aA"/ bA#. +A#$ 'A#: !".T)o trains running in opposite 'ire+tions +ross a man stan'ing on t%e plat&orm in !? se+on's an' 1? se+on's respe+tivel( an' t%e( +ross ea+% ot%er in !" se+on's.T%e ratio o& t%eir spee's is aA1:" bA":! +A":# 'Anone o& t%ese !#.A train travellin #$ 7mp% +ompletel( +rosses anot%er train %aving %al& its lengt% an' travelling in opposite 'ire+tion at # 7mp% in 1! se+on's.5t also passes a rail)a( plat&orm in #. se+on's.T%e lengt% o& t%e plat&orm is aA#DD m bA#.D m +A./D m 'A/DD m !..T%e lengt% o& t%e bri'ge )%i+% a train 1"D m long an' travelling at #. 7mp% +an +ross in "D se+on's is aA!DD m bA!!. m +A!#. m 'A!.D m !/.A train 11D m long is runnig )it% a spee' o& /D 7mp% .5n )%at time )ill it pass a man )%o is running at / 7mp% in t%e 'ire+tion opposite to t%at in )%i+% t%e train is going; aA. se+ bA/ se+ +A? se+ 'A1D se+ !?.A [ogger running at : 7mp% alongsi'e a rail)a( tra+7 is !#D m a%ea' o& t%e engine o& a 1!D m long train running at #. 7mp% in t%e same 'ire+tion.5n %o) mu+% time )ill t%e train pass t%e [ogger, aA"./ se+ bA1$ se+ +A"/ se+ 'A?! se+ !$.T)o trains o& e1ual lengt% ta7e 1D se+on's an' 1. se+on's respe+tivel( to +ross a telegrap% post.5& t%e lengt% o& ea+% train be 1!D m in )%at time@in se+on'sA)ill t%e( +ross ea+% ot%er travelling in opposite 'ire+tion aA1D bA1! +A1. 'A!D !:.A train 1D$ m long moving at a spee' o& .D 7mp% +rosses a train 11! m long +oming &rom opp 'ire+tion in / se+on's.T%e spee' o& t%e se+on' train is aA#$ 7mp% bA.# 7mp% +A// 7mp% 'A$! 7mp% "D.A train moves past a telegrap% post an' a bri'ge !/# m long in $ se+on's an' !D se+on's respe+tivel(.M%at is t%e spee' o& t%e train; aA/:.. 7mp% bA?D 7mp% +A?: 7mp% 'A?:.! 7mp% "1.A train a spee'ing )it% 1!D 7mp% +rosses anot%er train Y running in t%e same 'ire+tion in ! min.5& t%e lengt%s o& t%e trains a an' Y be 1DD m an' !DD m respe+tivel(.M%at is t%e spee' o& train Y; aA111 7mp% bA1!" 7mp% +A1!? 7mp% 'A1!: 7mp% "!.T)o trains travel in opposite 'ire+tions at "/ 7mp% an' #. 7mp% an' a man sitting in slo)er train passes t%e &aster train in $ se+on's.T%e lengt% o& t%e &aster train is

aA$D m bA1DD m +A1!D m 'A1$D m "".A train ta7es 1$ se+on's to pass +ompletel( t%roug% a station 1/! m long an' 1. se+on's t%roug% anot%er station 1!D m long.T%e lengt% o& t%e train is aA?D m bA$D m +A:D m 'A1DDm "#.T)o trains are running at #D 7mp% an' !D 7mp% respe+tivel( in t%e same 'ire+tion.2ast train +ompletel( passes a man sitting in t%e slo)er train in . se+on's.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e &ast trian; aA!" m bA!" !L: m +A!?m 'A!? ?L:m "..A train overta7es t)o persons )%o are )al7ing in t%e same 'ire+tion in )%i+% t%e train is going at t%e rate o& ! 7mp% an' # 7mp% an' passes t%em +ompletel( in : an' 1D se+on's respe+tivel(. T%e lengt% o& t%e train is aA#. m bA.Dm +A.# m 'A?! m "/.0o) man( se+on's )ill a .DD m long train ta7e to +ros a man )al7ing )it% a spee' o& " 7mp% in t%e 'ire+tion o& t%e moving train i& t%e spee' o& t%e train is /" 7mp% aA!. bA"D +A#D 'A#. "?.A train "/D m long is running at a spee' o& #. 7mp%.5n )%at time )ill it pass a bri'ge 1#D m long; aA#D se+ bA#! se+ +A#. se+ 'A#$ se+ "$.A train running at a spee' o& /D 7mp% +rosses a pole in : se+on's.M%at is t%e lengt% o& t%e train; aA1!D m bA1$D m +A+annot be 'etermine' 'Anone o& t%ese ":.T)o trains ea+% 1DD m long moving in opposite 'ire+tion +ross ea+% ot%er in $ se+on's.5& one is moving t)i+e as &ast as ot%er t%en t%e spee' o& t%e &aster train is aA"D 7mp% bA#. 7mp% +A/D 7mp% 'A?. 7mp% #D.A train 1.D m long passes a 7m stone in 1. se+on's an' anot%er train o& t%e same lengt% travelling in opposite 'ire+tion in $ se+on's.T%e spee' o& t%e se+on' train is aA/D 7mp% bA// 7mp% +A?! 7mp% 'A:: 7mp%