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Titration Curve Calculations

The document describes the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and a weak acid with a strong base. It shows that: 1) For a strong acid/base titration, the pH changes rapidly until equivalence point where pH = 7 due to complete neutralization. 2) For a weak acid/base titration, the pH changes more gradually as the weak acid is only partially neutralized and its conjugate base influences the pH. 3) Calculations are shown for moles of reactant added/remaining and resulting hydrogen/hydroxide ion concentrations and pH at different titration volumes.

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lianchen251110
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212 views19 pages

Titration Curve Calculations

The document describes the titration of a strong acid with a strong base and a weak acid with a strong base. It shows that: 1) For a strong acid/base titration, the pH changes rapidly until equivalence point where pH = 7 due to complete neutralization. 2) For a weak acid/base titration, the pH changes more gradually as the weak acid is only partially neutralized and its conjugate base influences the pH. 3) Calculations are shown for moles of reactant added/remaining and resulting hydrogen/hydroxide ion concentrations and pH at different titration volumes.

Uploaded by

lianchen251110
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Titration Curve Calculations

pH
strong base

13

weak base
7
weak acid

strong acid
25

cm of base

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Vol NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

pH

2.50 x 10-3

0.100

1.00

5
10
15
20
24.9

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Adding NaOH will react some HCl in a 1:1 ratio.
Moles NaOH added = Moles HCl removed
The remaining acid is now in a larger volume.

e.g. 5cm3 of NaOH = 5x10-4 moles


Remaining moles of HCl = 2.5x10-3 5x10-4
= 2.0 x10-3
[H+] = moles = 2.0x10-3 = 0.0667
volume 30x10-3
pH = -log10[H+] = -log10 0.0677 = 1.18

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Vol NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

pH

2.50 x 10-3

0.100

1.00

5 x 10-4

2.00 x 10-3

0.0667

1.18

10
15

20
24.9

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Vol NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

pH

2.50 x 10-3

0.100

1.00

5 x 10-4

2.00 x 10-3

0.0667

1.18

10

1.0 x 10-3

1.50 x 10-3

0.0429

1.37

15

1.5 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-3

0.0250

1.60

20

2.0 x 10-3

5.00 x 10-4

0.0111

1.95

24.9

2.49 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-5

0.000200

3.70

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)

When 25cm3 NaOH is been added, all the HCl


is neutralised, so leaving water as the only
source of H+ and OH- ions. Use Kw to calculate
[H+].

Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 1.00 x 10-14 at 298K


As [H+] = [OH-] in pure water, Kw = [H+]2

[H+] = Kw = 1.00 x 10-7


pH = -log10[H+] = 1.00x10-7 = 7.00

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Volume
NaOH
/ cm3

25.1
30
40
50

Moles
NaOH
added

Moles
excess
NaOH

[OH-]
/ mol.dm-3

[H+] /
mol.dm-3

pH

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Now NaOH is in excess, and so need to calculate the
moles of excess NaOH and so [OH-] in the increasingly
larger volume. [H+] can be calculated from Kw.

25.1cm3 NaOH = 2.51x10-3 moles NaOH


Excess NaOH = 2.51x10-3 - 2.50x10-3 = 1.00x10-5
[OH-] = moles = 1.00x10-5 = 2.00 x 10-4
volume
50.1x10-3
[H+] = Kw = 1.00x10-14 = 5.00 x 10-10
[OH-] 2.00x10-4
pH = -log10[H+] = -log105.00 x 10-10 = 10.30

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
Volume
NaOH
/ cm3

Moles
NaOH
added

Moles
excess
NaOH

25.1

2.51 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-5

30
40
50

[OH-]
/ mol.dm-3

[H+] /
mol.dm-3

pH

2.00 x 10-14 5.00 x 10-11 10.30

Strong acid v Strong base


(25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 HCl + 0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH)
[OH-]
/ mol.dm-3

[H+] /
mol.dm-3

Volume
NaOH
/ cm3

Moles
NaOH
added

Moles
excess
NaOH

pH

25.1

2.51 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-5

2.00 x 10-14 5.00 x 10-11 10.30

30

3.00 x 10-3

5.00 x 10-4

9.09 x 10-3

1.10 x 10-12 11.96

40

4.00 x 10-3

1.50 x 10-3

0.0231

4.33 x 10-13 12.36

50

5.00 x 10-3

2.50 x 10-3

0.0333

3.00 x 10-13 12.52

Strong acid v Strong base


pH
13

1
25

cm of base

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH
Vol
NaOH
/cm3

0
5
10
15

20
24.9

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

Moles salt
(A-) made

[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

pH

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH

Before NaOH added:


Ka = [H+] [A-]
[HA]
In the solution [H+] = [A-]
so [H+] = (Ka [HA] ) = (1.74x10-5x 0.1)
= 1.32 x 10-3
pH = -log10[H+] = -log10 1.32x10-3 = 2.88

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH
Vol
NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

Moles salt
(A-) made

2.50 x 10-3

= moles H+

5
10
15

20
24.9

[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

pH

1.30 x 10-3 2.88

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH
Adding NaOH will react some of the acid in a 1:1 ratio, but also
makes salt ions (1:1).
Moles NaOH added = Moles acid removed = Moles Salt made
e.g. 5cm3 of NaOH = 5x10-4 moles
Remaining moles of acid = 2.5x10-3 5x10-4 = 2.0 x10-3
Moles salt (A-) = moles NaOH = 5 x10-4
Ka = [H+] [A-]
so [H+] = Ka [HA] = 1.74x10-5x 2.0x10-3
[HA]
[A-]
5x10-4
[H+] = 6.96 x 10-5
pH = -log10[H+] = 4.16

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH
[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

Vol
NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

Moles salt
(A-) made

2.50 x 10-3

= moles H+

1.30 x 10-3 2.88

5 x 10-4

2.00 x 10-3

0.5 x 10-3

6.96 x 10-5 4.16

10
15

20
24.9

pH

Weak acid v Strong base


25cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 CH3COOH (Ka=1.74x10-5) +
0.1mol.dm-3 NaOH
[H+]
/ mol.dm-3

Vol
NaOH
/cm3

Moles NaOH
added

Moles
excess acid

Moles salt
(A-) made

pH

2.50 x 10-3

= moles H+

1.30 x 10-3 2.88

5 x 10-4

2.00 x 10-3

0.5 x 10-3

6.96 x 10-5 4.16

10

1.0 x 10-3

1.50 x 10-3

1.0 x 10-3

2.61 x 10-5 4.58

15

1.5 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-3

1.5 x 10-3

1.16 x 10-5 4.94

20

2.0 x 10-3

5.00 x 10-4

2.0 x 10-3

4.35 x 10-6 5.36

24.9

2.49 x 10-3

1.00 x 10-5

2.49 x 10-3

6.99 x 10-8 7.16

Weak acid v Strong base


pH
13

1
25

cm of base

Titration curves
pH
strong base

13

weak base
7
weak acid

strong acid
25

cm of base

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