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Lesson 14

The document discusses the noun of usage in Arabic grammar. It provides 5 principles: 1. The noun of usage indicates a tool used to perform the action described by a verb's root letters. 2. There are 3 patterns (short, medium, long) used to form the noun of usage based on number of letters. 3. The noun of usage does not have a feminine form. 4. Its dual is formed similarly to the active participle. 5. Its plural is broken and does not permit certain vowel or ending letter changes. The essential note states the conjugations of the noun of usage must be memorized from the provided table.

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79 views

Lesson 14

The document discusses the noun of usage in Arabic grammar. It provides 5 principles: 1. The noun of usage indicates a tool used to perform the action described by a verb's root letters. 2. There are 3 patterns (short, medium, long) used to form the noun of usage based on number of letters. 3. The noun of usage does not have a feminine form. 4. Its dual is formed similarly to the active participle. 5. Its plural is broken and does not permit certain vowel or ending letter changes. The essential note states the conjugations of the noun of usage must be memorized from the provided table.

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wanzsri
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Lesson Fourteen: The Noun of Usage

[‫ﻢ ﺍﻵﻟﹶﺔ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬]

PRINCIPLE ONE
The noun of usage (‫ﺍﻵﻟﹶﺔ‬
‫ﻢ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬) indicates a tool used to produce the action
described by the base letters. For example, the letters ‫ﻝ‬-‫ﻉ‬-‫ ﻑ‬mean “to
do” and its noun of usage ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ refers to a tool used to perform an act.

PRINCIPLE TWO

The noun of usage is produced by placing the base letters on one of three
patterns: (1) ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ , (2) ‫ﻌﻠﹶﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ , and (3) ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ . These are designated as short,
medium, and long according to the number of letters in each pattern
(table 14.1). A given set of base letters may use one, two, or all three of
these patterns. For example, the letters ‫ﺡ‬-‫ﺕ‬-‫ ﻑ‬mean, “to open” and
its noun of usage ‫ﺎﺡ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﺘ‬ refers to a tool used to open (i.e., a key).

PRINCIPLE THREE
The noun of usage does not have a feminine form.

PRINCIPLE FOUR
The dual for the noun of usage is constructed in a manner similar to that
outlined for dual of the active participle (lesson eleven).

PRINCIPLE FIVE

The noun of usage uses a broken plural that is ghair munsarif (‫ﺼﺮﹺﻑ‬
 ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫) ﹶﻏﻴ‬.
Recall that ghair munsarif words neither permit double vowels [tanwīn] nor
a single kasrah on their last letter (lesson thirteen).

ESSENTIAL NOTE
The conjugations of the noun of usage must be memorized (table 14.1)
before moving to the next lesson.
70 FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL ARABIC

TABLE 14.1
THE THREE PATTERNS FOR THE NOUN OF USAGE

PATTERN A (SHORT)

MASCULINE
BROKEN PLURAL DUAL SINGULAR

‫ﻋﻞﹸ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻼ‬


‫ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹲﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﹾﻊ‬
tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻋ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻼ‬


‫ﻌ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻧﺼ‬
tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻴ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻌ ﹴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

PATTERN B (MEDIUM)

MASCULINE
BROKEN PLURAL DUAL SINGULAR

‫ﻋﻞﹸ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌﹶﻠﺘ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻌﹶﻠ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﹾﻊ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻋ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﻌﹶﻠ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻧﺼ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻋ ﹶﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﻣ ﹾﻔ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

PATTERN C (LONG)

MASCULINE
BROKEN PLURAL DUAL SINGULAR

‫ﻴﻞﹸ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹶﻻ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹲﻝ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﹾﻊ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻴ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﺎﹶﻟ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹰﻻ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺐ‬‫ﻧﺼ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

‫ﻴ ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﹶﺎ‬ ‫ﻴ ﹺﻦ‬‫ﺎﹶﻟ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ ﹴﻝ‬‫ﻣ ﹾﻔﻌ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺟ‬


tools of doing two tools of doing a tool of doing

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