(Done Edu - Joshuatly.com) N9 STPM Trial 2010 Chemistry (W Ans) (8DB31AAC)

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2
Section A

Four suggested answers labelled A, B, C, and D are given for each question. Choose one correct
answer.

1

Which of the following substance is expected to give the above mass spectrum?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1.0; C,12.0; N, 14.0; O,16.0]

A CO
2

B C
3
H
8

C N
2
O
D Mixture of N
2
and O
2

2 The diagram below represents the unit cell of a body centred cubic structure. How many
lattice particles are there per unit cell?

A
2

B
3
C
5
D
9
Relative abundance / %
m/e
14 16 28 44
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3 Which of the diagrams below represents the ground-state electron arrangement of a
Nitrogen atom?

A
1s 2s 2p

B
1s 2s 2p

C
1s 2s 2p

D
1s 2s 2p

4 The first ionization energies for a series of elements with increasing proton number
are as follows:
632, 661, 648, 653, 718 kJmol
-1

This series of elements is:-

A Group 1

B Group 14
C Group 18
D d-block

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5 Which of the following statements correctly explains the decrease in ionic radii for the
elements of Period 3 from sodium to aluminium?

A Decreasing charge density of its ions.

B Increasing strength in the metallic bonds.
C Increasing polarization power for anions.
D Same number of electrons with increasing number of protons.

6 Which of the following elements has the strongest metallic bond?

A Copper

B Calcium
C Sodium
D Potassium

7 Which of the following pairs of compounds has the same molecular shape?

A AlCl
3
and BCl
3

B CO
2
and SO
2

C BeCl
2
and H
2
O
D CH
3
+
and NH
4
+

8 The thermal decomposition of nitrogen monoxide as shown below is a second order
reaction:

2NO(g) N
2
(g) + O
2
(g)

Which of the following is true of the reaction above?

A The unit of the rate constant is s
-1
.

B The rate is quadrupled when the concentration of NO is doubled.
C The half-life of the above reaction is independent of the initial concentration of NO.
D A straight line graph is obtained when rate is plotted against the concentration of NO.
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10 The compound ammonium sulphide is a crystalline solid at room temperature that
decomposes when heated according to the equation:

(NH
4
)
2
S (s) 2NH
3
(g) + H
2
S(g)

0.10 mol of ammonium sulphide was heated in a 2.0 dm
3
flask. When equilibrium was
obtained, the total pressure in the flask was 0.63 atm. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K
p

for the above reaction.

A 0.019 atm
3

B 0.037 atm
3

C 0.056 atm
3

D 0.074 atm
3

9 The table below shows the experimental results obtained for the following reaction:

2XO
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2XO
3
(g)

Partial pressure (atm) Relative rate
XO
2
O
2

1.0 1.0 2a
0.5 1.0 a
p 0.5 a
1.0 0.5 a

What is the value of p in the table above?

A 0.20 atm

B 0.25 atm
C 0.50 atm
D 0.75 atm
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11
For the following reaction: X
2
Y(g) 2X(g) + Y(g), the numerical value of K
p
at
different temperatures is as follows:

Temperature 450 K 680 K
K
p
1.62 x 10
-3
3.09 x 10
-5

Which of the following statements is correct?

A The units for K
p
for the reverse reaction is atm
2
.

B The decomposition of X
2
Y is an exothermic reaction.
C A higher temperature favours the decomposition of X
2
Y.
D The amount of Y in the equilibrium mixture increases when a higher pressure is
exerted.

12 The molecules ammonia and boron fluoride react together to form an adduct as follows:

NH
3
+ BF
3
H
3
N. BF
3

What is the function of BF
3
in the above reaction?

A Ligand

B Lewis base
C Lewis acid
D Bronsted-Lowry base

13 The solubility product, K
sp
for magnesium hydroxide in pure water at 25
0
C is
2.0 x 10
-11
mol
3
dm
-9
. What is the solubility of magnesium hydroxide, when excess solid
magnesium hydroxide is shaken with 1 dm
3
of 0.2 mol dm
-3
potassium hydroxide solution?

A 4.0 x 10
-12
mol dm
-3

B 5.0 x 10
-11
mol dm
-3

C 1.0 x 10
-10
mol dm
-3

D 5.0 x 10
-10
mol dm
-3

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14 What will be the concentration of a sulphuric acid solution if the hydroxide ion
concentration is 5.0 x 10
-12
mol dm
-3
at 25
0
C?
[ Ionic product of water, K
w
= 1.0 x 10
-14
mol
2
dm
-6
at 25
0
C]

A 1.0 mol dm
-3

B 5.0 x 10
-1
mol dm
-3

C 1.0 x 10
-3
mol dm
-3

D 2.0 x 10
-3
mol dm
-3

15 When 250 cm
3
of an aqueous solution of an organic acid Q of concentration 20.0 g dm
-3
is
shaken with 100 cm
3
of ether, the mass of Q extracted is 2.2g. After this first extraction, the
aqueous solution is again shaken with 100 cm
3
of fresh ether. Calculate the mass of Q
extracted by this second extraction.

A 0.51 g

B 1.23 g
C 1.96 g
D 2.20 g

16 The standard electrode potentials of Ag
+
(aq)/Ag(s) and Zn
2+
(aq)/Zn(s) are +0.80 V and
-0.76 V respectively. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these data?

A Silver is an oxidizing agent.

B Zinc ions can act as a reducing agent.
C Silver displaces zinc from a solution containing zinc ions.
D Zinc has a greater tendency than silver to form positively charged ions.

17 The standard redox potential for the half-cell reaction
Fe
3+
(aq) + e Fe
2+
(aq) E
0
= +0.77 V.
Which of the following electrochemical cells could be used to determine this standard
value?

A Fe electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
3+
against Fe electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
2+
.

B Pt electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
3+
against Pt electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
2+
.
C Pt electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
3+
and 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
2+
against a standard hydrogen
electrode.

D Fe electrode in 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
3+
and 1 mol dm
-3
Fe
2+
against a standard hydrogen
electrode.
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18 During electrolysis under suitable conditions, 0.015 mol of chromium is deposited on one of
the electrodes when 0.090 mol of electrons is passed through a chromium-containing
electrolyte.
Which of the following substances could have been the electrolyte?

A CrF
4

B CrF
5

C CrCl
3

D Na
2
Cr
2
O
7

19 The enthalpy changes for two reactions are given by the equations below,

2Fe(s) +
2
3
O
2
(g) Fe
2
O
3
(s) H
= -822 kJ mol
-1

C(s) +
2
1
O
2
(g) CO(g) H
= -110 kJ mol
-1

What is the enthalpy change for the following reaction?

3C(s) + Fe
2
O
3
(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)

A +492 kJ

B +712 kJ
C -492 kJ
D -712 kJ

20 P, Q and R are Period 3 elements. The oxide of P reacts with hydrochloric acid while the
oxide of Q reacts with potassium hydroxide. The oxide of R reacts with both sulphuric acid
and sodium hydroxide. What is the order of increasing proton numbers for these elements?

A P < Q < R

B Q < R < P
C P < R < Q
D R < P < Q

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21 Aqueous aluminium chloride solution has a pH less than 7 because

A the aluminium ion undergoes hydrolysis.

B the charge density of the aluminium ion is high.
C aluminium chloride is a covalent compound.
D aluminium chloride undergoes partial dissociation in water.

22 Which of the following statements about the oxides of Group 14 is true?

A All the oxides are thermally stable.

B All the oxides are amphoteric or basic.

C All the oxides are solid at room temperature.

D The general formulae of the oxides are MO and MO
2
.

23 Which of the following statements is due to the inert pair effect?

A The reactivity of the Group 14 elements increases when going down the group.

B The boiling point of the Group 14 tetrachlorides increases when going down
the group.

C The oxides of the Group 14 elements becomes more acidic with increase in
proton number.

D The +2 oxidation state of the Group 14 elements becomes more stable when
going down the group.

24 When excess of aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous copper (II) ion, the
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
species is formed. Which of the following statements is true?

A Ammonia acts as a Lewis base.

B The [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
ion is unstable.
C Water molecules are unable to displace ammonia from [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
.
D Copper and nitrogen each donate one electron in the formation of the Cu N
bond.

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Conc. NH
3

25 The scheme below shows the reactions between potassium iodide with hot
concentrated sulphuric acid, and with aqueous silver nitrate, as well as the solubility
of the precipitate Y in concentrated aqueous ammonia.

Conc. H
2
SO
4
heat Vapour X
KI(s)

Precipitate Y Product

Which of the following is correct with regards to the colour of vapour X, colour of
the precipitate Y, and the solubility of Y in concentrated ammonia?

Colour of X Colour of Y Solubility of Y in conc. NH
3

A Brown White Soluble

B Purple Yellow Soluble
C Purple White Insoluble
D Purple Yellow Insoluble

26 Which of the following statements about transition elements is correct ?

A All transition elements exhibit oxidation state +1 to +7.

B The Cr
3+
and Mn
2+
ions are stable in aqueous solution in the presence of oxygen.
C The oxidation state of the transition element in Cr
2
O
7
2-
and Cu(H
2
O)
4
2+
is more than +5.
D The stability of the oxidation state of a transition element in a complex does not depend
on the nature of the ligand.

27 Which element below forms the complex ion [XCl
4
]
-

A Lead

B Copper
C Silicon
D Chromium

AgNO
3
(aq)
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28 The structural formula of an organic compound M is shown below.

CH
2
ClCH=C(CH
3
)CH(Cl)CONH
2

How many stereoisomers does M have?

A
2

B
3

C
4

D
6

29 What is the name of the mechanism that is shown below?

A Nucleophilic addition

B Nucleophilic substitution
C Electrophilic addition
D Electrophilic substitution

C
CH
3
CH
3

H
+

H
C
H
H
C
CH
3

C

H
+
Br
-

H
CH
3
CH
3

Br
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30 The equations below show the products formed in two separate experiments.

Why are different chloronitrobenzene products obtained?

A The type of catalyst used in both reactions are different.

B The chloro group is an ortho and para director whereas the nitro group is a
meta director.
C The chloro group is an activating whereas the nitro group is deactivating.
D Compared to NO
2
, Cl strongly deactivates the ring, thus encouraging
multiple products.

31 Which of the compounds below is obtained from the reaction between
CH
3
CH
2
MgBr and HCHO?

A CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH

B CH
3
CH
2
COOH
C CH
3
CH

(OH)CH
3

D CH
3
CH=CHCH
3

32 Which of the following reagents can be used to convert C
2
H
5
OH to C
2
H
5
Cl?

A Chlorine gas

B Sodium chloride
C Sulphur dichloride oxide
D Dilute hydrochloric acid
Cl
+ HNO
3
H
2
SO
4

Cl
NO
2

+
Cl
NO
2

NO
2

+ Cl
2

AlCl
3

NO
2

Cl
+ HCl
I
II
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34 A compound R has all the following properties:

(i) It is neutral.
(ii) It gives an orange precipitate with2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine.
(iii) It evolves hydrogen chloride when treated with PCl
5
in the cold.

Which of the following compounds could be R?

A

B

C

D

33 Which of the following compounds reacts with hydrogen cyanide to form an optically active
compound?

A
HCHO

B
CH
3
CHO

C
CH
3
CO
2
CH
3

D
CH
3
CH
2
COCH
2
CH
3

COCH
3

OCH
3

C=O
CH
2
OH
C=O
CH
2
OH
CH
3

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35 MCPA and 2,4-D are two widely used selective weedkillers.

Which of the following reagents will be able to distinguish MCPA from 2,4-D ?

A Sodium

B Na
2
CO
3
(aq)
C acidified AgNO
3
D Fehlings solution

37 Which of the following statements explains why C
6
H
5
NH
2
is a weaker base than
CH
3
NH
2
?

A C
6
H
5
NH
2
is less volatile than CH
3
NH
2
.

B The CH
3
group is smaller than the C
6
H
5
group.

C The benzene ring in C
6
H
5
NH
2
is electron-releasing.
D The lone pair of electrons in C
6
H
5
NH
2
is delocalized into the benzene ring.

36 Which of the following compunds is a product of the reaction between
phenylmethanol and ethanoyl chloride?

A C
6
H
5
COCH
3

B C
6
H
5
OCOCH
3
C C
6
H
5
CH
2
COCl

D C
6
H
5
CH
2
OCOCH
3
Cl
OCH
2
CH
2
OH
Cl

CH
3

OCH
2
CO
2
H
Cl

MCPA 2,4-D
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38 N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) is the major component of crustacean skin. Its structural
formula is CH
3
-CONH-CH(CHO)- (CHOH)
3
- CH
2
OH. NAG undergoes hydrolysis when
heated with aqueous hydrochloric acid. What is the name of the functional group of NAG
that undergoes hydrolysis?

A Amide

B Amino

C Hydroxyl
D Carbonyl

39 Which of the following equations represents polymerisation by condensation reaction?

A
H
2
C=CHCH
3
+ H
2
C= CHCH
3
CH
2
CH CH
2
CH

CH
3
CH
3

B
H
2
C=CHOCOCH
3
+ H
2
C=CHOCOCH
3
CH
2
CH CH
2
CH

OCOCH
3
OCOCH
3

C
H
2
N(CH
2
)
5
COOH + H
2
N(CH
2
)
5
COOH H
2
N(CH
2
)
5
CONH(CH
2
)
5
COOH+ H
2
O

D H H
|
C=O + H
2
NNH C=NNH + H
2
O

40 Which of the following pairs of polymer and repeating unit matches correctly?

Polymer Repeating unit

A Polypropene CH
2
CH
2
CH
2

B
Nylon 6,6 CO(CH
2
)
5
NH

C

Terylene OCH
2
CH
2
OCO CO

D

Polystyrene CHCH
2
CHCH
2

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Section B

For each of the questions in this section one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3
may be correct. Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct. The responses A to D
should be selected on the basis of the following.

A B C D
1 only is correct. 1 and 2 only are
correct.
2 and 3 only are
correct.
1, 2, and 3 are
correct.

41 Which statements about an element X with the electronic configuration: 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6

3s
2
3p
6
3d
6
4s
2
is /are true?

1 X forms complex ions.

2 X forms X
2+
and X
3+
ions.
3 X is in Group 2 of the Periodic Table.

42 Which of the following molecules can receive a pair of electrons to form a dative
bond?

1 AlCl
3

2 NH
3

3 C
2
H
5
OH

43 A buffer solution contains a mixture of aqueous ammonia and ammonium chloride
solution. The addition of 1.0 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm
-3
hydrochloric acid will

1 increase the pH of the buffer solution slightly.

2 increase the concentration of the ammonium ion slightly.

3 decrease the concentration of the ammonia solution slightly.

44 A mixture of phenylamine (boiling point 184
o
C) and water is heated until the mixture
boils. Which of the following statements is / are true?

1 The mixture boils at a temperature lower than 100
0
C.

2 The total pressure of the boiling liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.

3 The distillate consists of a mixture of water and phenylamine.

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A B C D
correct.
2 and 3 only are
correct.
1, 2, and 3 are
correct.

45 The discharge at the cathode of 1.00 mol of gold ions from an aqueous solution of a
gold salt requires 2.90 x 10
5
C of electricity.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement?
[Faraday constant, F = 9.65 x 10
4
C]

1 Gold is a d-block element.

2 The gold ions are positively charged.

3 The magnitude of the charge on the gold ions is three times the charge of an
electron.

46 The first step in the Ostwald process for the manufacture of nitric acid is the
oxidation of ammonia. The typical conditions used are 4 to 10 atm and 1000 K.

4NH
3
(g)+ 5O
2
(g)

4NO(g) + 6H
2
O(g) H=negative

Which of the following is/are true regarding the Ostwald process?

1 The process produces pure nitric acid as the final product.

2 Platinum is used as a catalyst in this reaction.
3 A higher temperature is not used because ammonia will get oxidised to
nitrogen instead of nitrogen monoxide.

47 Which of the following statements is / are true of the complex ion [Fe(C
2
O
4
)
3
]
3-
?

1 The ethanedioate ion is a bidentate ligand.

2 This name of the complex ion is trioxalatoferrate (III) ion.
3 The oxidation state of iron in this complex ion is +2.

48 Which of the following statements about the reaction between bromine and ethene
is / are correct?

1 The above reaction produces 1,2-dibromoethane.

2 The above reaction in the presence of dilute sodium chloride will produce a
mixture of 1,2-dibromoethane and 1-bromo-2-chloroethane.
3 The above reaction in water as solvent will produce 1,2-dibromoethane as the
main product.
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A B C D
correct.
2 and 3 only are
correct.
1, 2, and 3 are
correct.

49 An organic compound, X, has the following chemical properties:

(i) Forms a sweet-smelling compound when it reacts with CH
3
COOH.
(ii) Produces effervescence when sodium metal is added to it.
(iii) Forms a yellow precipitate when alkaline iodine solution is added to it.

Which of the following compounds is / are X?

1 CH
3
CH
2
OH

2 C
6
H
5
CH
2
OH
3 C
6
H
5
OH

50 When an alcohol, P is warmed with acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution,
the final product is a carbonyl compound that reacts with alkaline iodine solution to
give a yellow precipitate. Which of the following compounds is/ are P ?

1 CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3

2

3 (CH
3
)
3
COH

CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3

CONFIDENTIAL*
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*This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the examination is over. CONFIDENTIAL
Section A [40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
1 (a) A container of volume 25 dm
3
contains 0.50 mol of hydrogen gas, 0.10 mol of
oxygen gas and an unknown amount of helium gas. The pressure of 1 mol of gas in the
container at room temperature is 100kPa.

(i) If the total pressure in the container is 88 kPa, determine the number of moles of
helium gas in the container.

[2 marks]

(ii) The mixture of gases in the container is then ignited. What is the number of moles
of each gas left in the container after the ignition?

[1 mark]

(iii) After ignition, the container is allowed to cool to room temperature. What is the
partial pressure of helium gas in the container?

[1 mark]

(iv) If the vapour pressure of water in the container at room temperature is 2.4 kPa,
what is the total pressure in the container?

[1 mark]

(v) Write a balanced equation for the reaction that has taken place.

[1 mark]

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(b) The diagram below shows four electronic transitions in the hydrogen atom.

(i) Which electronic transition emits electromagnetic radiation with the shortest
wavelength?

[1 mark]

(ii) In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum are these lines formed? What is
the name of this line series in the emission spectrum of hydrogen?

[2 marks]

(iii) Determine the maximum number of lines that can be formed in this line emission
spectrum involving the the energy levels n=2 to n=6

[1 mark]
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2 (a) Carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide are gaseous combustion products of liquid
hydrocyanic acid, HCN at 298K and 1 atm pressure. Water is also formed in the combustion.

(i) Define the standard enthalpy change of combustion of hydrocyanic acid and write
a thermochemical equation for this enthalpy change.

[2 marks]

(ii) The standard enthalpy change of combustion of hydrocyanic acid is -1628 kJ mol
-1
.
The standard enthalpy change of formation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide,
and water are respectively -393 kJ mol
-1
, -89 kJ mol
-1
and -286 kJ mol
-1
.
Calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of hydrocyanic acid.

[3 marks]

(iii) Name the shapes of the underlined species.

[2 marks]

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(b) An aqueous solution of 0.100 mol dm
-3
sulphuric acid is electrolysed in an electrolytic cell
using graphite electrodes. Calculate the time of electrolysis required to produce 140 cm
3
of
gas at the anode at s.t.p when the current used is 1.25 A. Refer to the Data Booklet for all
other necessary data.

[3 marks]

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3 (a) Aqueous ammonia is added to aqueous aluminium sulphate slowly until in excess.

(i) What will be observed when aqueous ammonia is added slowly?

________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
(ii) Write an equation for your observation in (a)(i).

________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(iii) What will be observed at the end of the reaction after excess ammonia is added?
Write the formula of the aluminium species at the end of the reaction.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
(b) The following table shows two iron complexes.

Complex

Colour

Name

[Fe(CN)
6
]
4-

Yellowish
Green

[Fe(SCN)(H
2
O)
5
]
2+

Red

(i) Write the names of the iron complexes in the table above. [2 marks]

(ii) State two properties of iron that enables it to form complex ions.

_______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark]
(i) Why are transition metal complex ions coloured?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
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4 (a) An unsymmetrical alkene X reacts with hydrogen bromide to form 2-bromobutane.
(i) Name the alkene X in the above reaction.
_______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
(ii) Name and outline the mechanism for the above reaction.
Name of mechanism
_______________________________________________________________________
Mechanism

[3 marks]

(b) 3-methyl-1-butene reacts with steam under high temperature and pressure to produce an
alcohol.

(i) Name the alcohol produced.

________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(ii) The alcohol produced shows a type of stereoisomerism. State the type of
isomerism shown here and draw the structures of the two isomers.
Type of isomerism

______________________________________________________________________

Structures

[3 marks]
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(c) Propene reacts with oxygen in the presence of heated silver catalyst.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction.

________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

(ii) Name the product obtained.

_______________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]

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Section B [60 marks]
Answer any four questions in this section.
5 (a) The boiling points of three fluorides are as follows :

Fluoride Boiling point /
0
C
SiF
4
-86
0
C
PF
5
-75
0
C
SF
6
-64
0
C

(i) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why these compounds are all gases at room
temperature and pressure
[2 marks]

(ii) Draw diagrams to show the shapes and bond angles of each of these compounds
SiF
4,
PF
5,
and SF
6
.

[3 marks]

(iii)Both oxygen and sulphur are in the same group in the Periodic Table. State why
compound OF
6
does not exist.
[1 mark]

(iv) Xenon reacts with fluorine to form the compound XeF
4
. State whether the XeF
bond is polar or non-polar and hence explain the polarity of XeF
4
molecule.
[3 marks]

(b) Carbon monoxide, CO, nitrogen monoxide, NO and oxygen react together to produce
nitrogen dioxide, NO
2
as one of the product. Several experiments were carried out to
determine the rate equation for the reaction. The results are shown in the table below.

Experiment [CO(g)]/
mol dm
-3

[NO(g)]/
mol dm
-3

[O
2
(g)]/
mol dm
-3

Initial rate/
mol dm
-3
s
-1

1 1.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-1
4.40 x 10
-4

2 2.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-1
4.40 x 10
-4

3 2.00 x 10
-3
3.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-1
3.96 x 10
-3

4 5.00 x 10
-3
1.00 x 10
-3
3.00 x 10
-1
1.32 x 10
-3

(i) Write an equation for the reaction between CO, NO and O
2
.
[1 mark]

(ii) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to each of the reactants and hence
the rate equation
[4 marks]

(iii) Determine the rate constant, k for the reaction.
[2 marks]
CONFIDENTIAL*
962/2
10
6 (a) Carbonic acid, H
2
CO
3
is formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. It is a weak acid
with the following dissociation constants:

K
1
= 4.5 x 10
-7
mol dm
-3

K
2
= 5.6 x 10
-11
mol dm
-3

(i) Write expressions for K
1
, K
2
and the acid dissociation constant, K
a
for H
2
CO
3
.

[3 marks]
(ii) By using the expression for K
1
, calculate the pH of carbonic acid.

[2 marks]

(iii)20.0 cm
3
of 0.100 mol dm
-3
carbonic acid is added to 15.0 cm
3
of 0.100 mol dm
-3

sodium hydroxide solution. State and explain one important application of the
solution formed.
[2 marks]

(b) Hydrogen bromide (boiling point -67
0
C) and water forms an azeotropic mixture with a
boiling point of 126
0
C. The azeotrope contains 47% by mass of hydrogen bromide.

(i) Explain the term azeotrope.
[1 mark]

(ii) Sketch a fully labelled boiling point composition diagram for the mixture of
hydrogen bromide and water.
[2 marks]

(iii)A mixture containing 60% by mass of hydrogen bromide is subjected to fractional
distillation. What is the composition of the first and second distillate?
[2 marks]

(iv) What kind of deviation from ideality is shown by such a mixture? Describe the
different kinds of forces that exist before and after mixing.
[3 marks]

CONFIDENTIAL*
962/2
11
7.(a) Oxides of Period 3 elements are classified as basic, amphoteric and acidic. Describe the
reactions of Period 3 elements with oxygen to form the above types of oxides.
[7 marks]
(b) The table below gives the standard reduction potentials, E
0
for Group 2 elements.
Element Be Mg Ca Sr Ba
E
0
/ Volt
M
2+
(aq) +2e
-
M(s)
-1.85 -2.38 -2.87 -2.89 -2.90

Explain the reactivity of the Group 2 elements towards water by referring to above
standard reduction potential values.
[4 marks]
(c) State and explain the thermal stability of the nitrates when descending Group 2 of the
Periodic table
[4 marks]

8. (a) (i) It has been stated that, for lead, the +2 oxidation state is more stable than the +4
state whereas the reverse is true for tin.
By referring to the Data Booklet and by considering their oxides and/or their chlorides,
comment on the experimental evidence for this statement.
(ii) State and explain which Group 14 metal forms divalent ions that readily
decolourise acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII).
[8 marks]

(b) The industrial manufacture of nitric acid involves the following three processes:

Ammonia and oxygen are passed over a platinum-rhodium catalyst at 900 C. Nitrogen
monoxide and steam are formed.
The gases are cooled and more oxygen is added. The nitrogen monoxide is converted to
nitrogen dioxide.
Nitrogen dioxide is mixed with more oxygen and absorbed into water, forming nitric
acid.

(i) Write balanced equations for the above three processes.
(ii) Calculate the maximum mass of nitric acid that can be obtained when 1.0 tonne of
ammonia is used.
(iii) Nitrogen oxides can also be found in vehicle exhaust fumes. Most cars are fitted
with catalytic converters to remove these oxides from car exhausts. What
chemical reaction occurs in a catalytic converter to remove nitrogen monoxide
from exhaust fumes. Write an equation for this reaction
[7 marks]
CONFIDENTIAL*
962/2
12
9. (a) (1-methylethyl)benzene or cumene is an important intermediate used in the industrial
manufacture of phenol. (1-methylethyl)benzene is produced by a Friedel-Crafts reaction
between benzene and a suitable alkene.

(i) Write an equation to show the formation of cumene and name the catalyst used.
[2 marks]
(ii) Describe with the aid of equations how cumene is converted to phenol
[4 marks]

(b) Suggest explanations for the following reactions.

(i) Phenol can be nitrated by dilute nitric acid to give a mixture of monosubstituted
phenol, whereas benzene is only nitrated by a mixture of concentrated nitric and
concentrated sulphuric acids.

(ii) Heating 2-butanol with excess concentrated sulphuric acid produces a mixture of
three isomeric alkenes.
[9 marks]

CONFIDENTIAL*
962/2
13
10. The structural formulas for the organic compounds Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol are as
follows:
HO

CH=CHCHO CH
3
O CH
2
CH=CH
2

Cinnamaldehyde Eugenol

(a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol
[3 marks]

(b) Cinnamaldehyde is used to synthesise an organic compound, Y via the following route

step 1 X step 2

CH=CHCHO CH=CHCH(OH)CH
2
NH
2

Y

What are the reagents for steps 1 and 2? Give the identity of X. Cold nitrous acid is
now added to Y. Describe what is observed and write an equation for it.

[5 marks]

(c) Eugenol reacts with ethanoyl chloride to form product M. M undergoes hydrolysis
with sodium hydroxide.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction between Eugenol and ethanoyl chloride to form
M

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the formulas for all the organic products of the hydrolysis of M by sodium
hydroxide
[2 marks]

(d) Eugenol is treated with the following reagents:
(i) bromine water
(ii) concentrated acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.

In each case, describe what is observed and write the formulas of the products obtained

[4 marks]
ANSWERS NEGERI SEMBILAN TRIAL STPM CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 2010

NO ANS NO ANS
1 C 26 B
2 A 27 D
3 D 28 C
4 D 29 C
5 D 30 B
6 A 31 A
7 A 32 C
8 B 33 B
9 C 34 C
10 B 35 B
11 B 36 D
12 C 37 D
13 D 38 A
14 C 39 C
15 B 40 C
16 D 41 B
17 C 42 A
18 D 43 C
19 A 44 D
20 C 45 C
21 A 46 C
22 D 47 B
23 D 48 B
24 A 49 A
25 D 50 B

1
AnswerstoSectionA

Q Answer Mark Total
marks

1(a) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)
0.88 0.50 0.10

= 0.28 mole He

0.30 mole H
2
and 0.28 mole He (both mentioned)

28 kPa

2.4 + 28 + 30 (working) OR 60.4 kPa (final answer)

2H
2
+ O
2
H
2
O
1

1

1

1

1

1

6

1(b)(i)

(ii)

(iii)

n = 6 to n = 2

visible light

Balmer Series

10 lines

1

1

1

1

4
10
marks
2
Q Answer Mark Total
Marks

2(a)
(i)
Heat given out when 1 mol of hydrocyanic acid is burnt
completely in excess oxygen (air) under standard conditions of 1
atm pressure and 298K.

HCN(l) + 9/4 O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + NO
2
(g) + H
2
O(l)
[Note: state symbols must be given to get mark]

1

1

2
(a)
(ii)
Expression:
H
rxn
= H
f
(products) - H
f
(reactants)

Substitution:
-1628 kJ = (-393kJ) + (-89.0kJ) + (_286kJ) - ( x + 0 )
x = -625 kJ + 1628 kJ
= + 1003 kJ

Answer:
Hence H
f
of HCN is + 1003 kJ mol
-1

Or alternative method (algebraic / energy cycle)

1

1

1

3
(a)
(iii)
CO
2
:Linear shape

NO
2
: bent / V-shape
1

1

2
(b) At anode:
4OH
-
2H
2
O + O
2
+ 4e OR
2H
2
O O
2
+ 4H
+
+ 4e

1 mol of O
2
gas requires 4 F of electricity to produce
22, 400 cm
3
of O
2
gas is produced by 4 x 96, 500 C
140 cm
3
of O
2
gas is produced by 140 x 4 x 96, 500
22, 400
= 2412.5 C
2412.5 C = 1.25 A x t (s)
t = 2412.5 ............................................
1.25
= 1930 s

= OR 1.93 x 10
3
s

1

1

1

1

(max3)

Max
10
3
Q. 3 Answer Mark Total
Marks
(a)(i) A white precipitate is formed

1
(ii) [Al(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
+ 3OH
-
[Al(OH)
3
(H
2
O)
3
] + 3H
2
O

OR
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Al(OH)
3

1

(iii) Observation: The white precipitate dissolves in excess ammonia

Formula: [Al(OH)
4
]
-

1

1

4
(b)(i) [Fe(CN)
6
]
4-
- Hexacyanoferrate(II)

[Fe(SCN)(H
2
O)
5
]
2+
- Pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(III)

1

1

(ii) Have empty d orbitals / (valence orbitals) to accept lone pair
electrons from ligands

Has high charge density

1

1

(iii) Splitting of d orbitals

d-d electronic transitions.
OR
Energy is absorbed when electrons from the lower energy d
orbitals are promoted to higher energy d orbitals

1

1

6
10
marks
4
Q. 4 Answer mark Total
marks
(a) (i) 1-butene 1

(a) (ii) Name of mechanism : electrophilic addition

1

1

1

4

(b)(i) 3-methyl-2-butanol 1

(ii) Type of isomerism: optical isomerism

Structures:

1

1 +
1

4
(c) (i)

1
(ii) Epoxypropane 1

2
10
marks
5
Q.5 Answer
Mark
Total
marks
(a) (i) All are simple covalent molecules / simple molecular structure

Weak van der waals forces between molecules

1

1

(ii)
1
+1
+1

(iii) O atom has no d orbitals to extend its octet

1
(iv) XeF bond is polar because F more electronegative than Xe

Since the bonds are arranged symmetrically / symmetrical shape
dipoles in each XeF bond cancel each other / no net dipole
therefore the molecule is non-polar

1

1

8
(b) (i) CO(g) + NO(g) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + NO
2
(g) 1

(ii) Expression:
Rate = k[CO]
x
[NO]
y
[O
2
]
z

Working:
Exp 2 4.40 x 10
-4
= k [2.00 x 10
-3
]
x
[1.00 x 10
-3
]
y
[1.00 x 10
-1
]
z

Exp 1 4.40 x 10
-4
= k [1.00 x 10
-3
]x [1.00 x 10
-3
]y [1.00 x 10
-1
]
z

x = 0 if working shown

Working:
Exp 3 3.96 x 10
-3
= k [2.00 x 10
-3
]
x
[3.00 x 10
-3
]
y
[1.00 x 10
-1
]
z

Exp 2 4.40 x 10
-4
= k [2.00 x 10
-3
]
x
[1.00 x 10
-3
]
y
[1.00 x 10
-1
]
z

y = 2 if working shown

Working:
Exp 2 4.40 x 10
-4
= k [2.00 x 10
-3
]
x
[1.00 x 10
-3
]
y
[1.00 x 10
-1
]
z

Exp 4 1.32 x 10
-3
= k [5.00 x 10
-3
]x [1.00 x 10
-3
]y [3.00 x 10
-1
]
z

z = 1 if working shown

Rate = k[NO]
2
[O
2
]
1

1

1

1

1

1

(iii)
Using exp. 1
k = Rate
[NO]
2
[O
2
]

= 4.40 x 10-4
(1.00 x 10
-3
)
2
(1.00 x 10
-1
)

= 4400 mol
-2
dm
6
s
-1

1

1

6
8
Max 15
Q6 Answer
Mark
Total
marks

(a) (i)
H
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ HCO
3
-

K
1
=
] [
] ][ [
3 2
3 3
CO H
HCO O H

HCO
3
-
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ CO
3
2-

K
2
=
] [
] ][ [
3
2
3 3

HCO
CO O H

K
a
= K
1
x K
2

=
] [
] [ ] [
3 2
2
3
2
3
CO H
CO O H

1

1

1

3
(a)
(ii)

K
1
=
] [
] ][ [
3 2
3 3
CO H
HCO O H

[H
3
O
+
] = [HCO
3
-
]

K
1
=
] [
] [
3 2
2
3
CO H
O H

[H
3
O
+
] = ] x[H
3 2 1
CO K
= ) 100 . 0 )( 10 5 . 4 (
7
x
OR =
8
10 5 . 4

x
OR = 2.12 x 10
-4
mol dm
-3

pH = - lg [H
+
]
= - lg (2.12 x 10
-4
)
= 3.7

1

1

2
(a)
(iii)
The resultant mixture contains CO
3
2-
and HCO
3
-
and is a buffer

This buffer helps to maintain the pH of human blood

1

1

7

2
(b) (i) An azeotrope is a constant boiling point mixture whereby the
composition of the vapour is same as the composition of the
liquid.

1
(b)
(ii)

126

correct shape
B. pt /
0
C vap vap.
curves labelled
100 - liquid
liquid axes labelled
100, 126, -67
47%

- -67

47% HBr

0% -----> %HBr ----- > ------ 100%
100% .---< -- %H
2
O -------- < ---- 0%
composition

1

1

2
(b)
(iii)
The composition of the first distillate is pure HBr or 100% HBr

The composition of second distillate is 47%HBr and 53% H
2
O
/ or azeotrope.
1

1

2
(b)
(iv)
A mixture of HBr and H
2
O shows negative deviation from
Raoults law.

In pure HBr the forces are van der waals between HBr molecules
AND
In pure H
2
O forces are hydrogen bonds between H
2
O molecules

When mixed together,
There are ion dipole forces between H
+
and H
2
O molecules
and
between Br
-
ions and H
2
O molecules.

Ion-dipole forces stronger than hydrogen bonds

1

1

1

1

3

8
Q.7 Answers
marks
Total
marks
(a) Statement:
Sodium and magnesium burn in oxygen to form basic oxides.
Equation:
4Na
(s)
+ O
2(g)

2Na
2
O
(g)

OR
2Mg(s) + O
2
(g ) 2MgO(g)

Aluminium burns in oxygen to produce aluminium oxide, an
amphoteric oxide.

4Al(s) + 3O
2
(g) 2Al
2
O
3
(g)

Silicon, phosphorous and sulphur burn in oxygen to form acidic
oxides
Si
(s)
+ O
2(g)

2SiO
(g)

P
4(s)
+ 3O
2(g)

P
4
O
6(l) (any one equation)

P
4(s)
+ 5O
2(g)

P
4
O
10(l)
S(s) + O
2
(g) SO
2
(g)

Chlorine does not react with oxygen.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

7
(b)

(c)
All Group 2 elements react with water according to the following
equation.

[given any equation]: M
(s)
+ 2H
2
O M(OH)
2
+ H
2

In the reaction, the Group 2 element acts as reducing agents.

Going down Group 2, the reducing power of the element increases
as the E
0
values become more negative.

Magnesium reacts only with steam,
Calcium reacts rapidly with hot water, but slowly with cold water
Strontium and barium react vigorously with cold water,
OR
Reactivity increases down the group.

[Equation]: 2M(NO
3
)
2
2MO + 4NO
2
+ O
2

Going down Group 2, the size of the cation increases while the
charge remains the same /
Charge density of cation decreases.

The polarizing power of the cations towards NO
3
-
ion decreases making
the nitrates more stable to heat
Thermal stability increase down the group

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8
9
8(a)(i) Pb
4+
+ 2e = Pb
2+
E = +1.69 V
Sn
4+
+ 2e = Sn
2+
E = +0.15 V

The +4 oxidation state of both Pb and Sn tend to be less stable
than the +2 oxidation state

PbO
2
is highly unstable and decomposes readily to PbO
While SnO readily combines with O
2
to form SnO
2
OR
PbO
2
PbO + O
2
SnO + O
2
SnO
2

Pb combines readily with Cl
2
to form the more stable PbCl
2
/
PbCl
4
decomposes slowly at room temperature to PbCl
2
Sn combines with Cl
2
to give the more stable SnCl
4

OR
Pb + Cl
2
PbCl
2
/ PbCl
4
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2

Sn + 2Cl
2
SnCl
4

1

1

1
1

1

1

6
(ii) Sn

2MnO
4
-
(aq) + 16H
+
(aq) + 5Sn
2+
(aq) 2Mn
2+
(aq) + 8H
2
O(l)
+ 5Sn
4+
(aq) ( states of species not needed)

E
cell
= +1.52 - (+0.15)
= + 1.37 V
1

1

1

3
(b)(i)

(ii)

(iii)
4NH
3
+ 5O
2
4NO + 6H
2
O
2NO + O
2
2NO
2

4NO
2
+ O
2
+ 2H
2
O 4HNO
3

1 mole of NH
3
gives 1 mole of HNO
3
OR
17 g of NH
3
gives 63 g of HNO
3

1 tonne of NH
3
gives 63/17 tonnes of HNO
3

OR 3.7 tonnes

Reduction

2NO N
2
+ O
2

OR
2NO + 2CO N
2
+ 2CO
2

1
1
1

1

1

1

1

7
Total
16
Max
15

10
9(a)(i)

+ CH
2
=CHCH
3
CH(CH
3
)
2

Catalyst : phosphoric acid / H
3
PO
4

1

1

2
(ii) Oxidation / reaction with oxygen
CH
3

CH
3
CHCH
3
+ O
2
CH
3
COOH

Decomposition of hydroperoxide with dilute sulphuric acid

CH
3

CH
3
C-O-O-H --OH + CH
3
COCH
3

1

1

1

1

4
(b)(i) -OH in phenol is a ring activating group ./
Lone pair electrons on oxygen atom in OH group can be
delocalized into the benzene ring / donated to the benzene ring

1

Phenol more easily attacked by an electrophile (or NO
2
+
)
compare to benzene

1
Equation to forn nitrobenzene
Equation to form 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol

1
1

4
(ii) Elimination reaction / dehydration 1
To form but-1-ene (1-butene) and 2- butene

1
Any 1 equation to form 2-butene / 1-butene

1
2-butene exists as pair of cis-trans isomers / shows geometrical
isomers
1
[Draw structure of the cis and trans isomers and labelled them]

1 5

15
11
Q Answer Mark

10 (a) Describe test using either one of the following reagents:
Tollens reagent / Fehlings solution / iron(III) chloride
(cannot use Br
2
(aq) or KMnO
4
)
Observation:
Equation:
1

1
1

3
(b) Step 1 : reagent : hydrogen cyanide / HCN

1
Step 2: reagent : LiAlH
4
in ether solvent /
NaBH
4
/
Na in ethanol

Identity of X H

CH=CHCOH

CN
Observation: bubbles of nitrogen gas obtained

CH=CHCH(OH)CH
2
NH
2
+ HNO
2
N
2
+ H
2
O

CH=CHCH(OH)CH
2
OH

1

1

1

1

5
(c) (i)

(ii)

CH
3
CCl + HO CH
2
CH=CH
2

O OCH
3

CH
3
CO CH
2
CH=CH
2
+ HCl

O OCH
3

Products are CH
3
COO
-
Na
+
and Na
+
O
-
CH
2
CH=CH
2

OCH
3

1

1 + 1

3
(d) (i)

(ii)
Observation: brown colour of Br
2
decolourised / and white ppt
Formula is OH
CH
3
O Br

CH
2
CH(OH)CH
2
Br

Observation: purple colour of MnO
4
-
is decolourised / and
bubbles of CO
2
observed
Formula CH
3
O

HO COOH

1

1

1

1

4

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962/1 [Turn over]

Thermal stability increase down the group

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