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Fields and Waves: Lale T. Ergene

This document discusses wave reflection and transmission at the boundary between two media. When a wave is normally incident at the boundary: - Part of the wave is reflected and part is transmitted. The reflection and transmission coefficients, Γ and τ, describe the ratio of reflected to incident and transmitted to incident waves. - For lossless media, Γ and τ are real numbers. Boundary conditions require the tangential electric and magnetic fields to be continuous across the interface. - Power flow is also analyzed. In lossless media, the power transmitted equals the power lost by the incident wave minus the power reflected. Introduction of lossy media adds attenuation terms to the wave equations.

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Erberk03
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25 views10 pages

Fields and Waves: Lale T. Ergene

This document discusses wave reflection and transmission at the boundary between two media. When a wave is normally incident at the boundary: - Part of the wave is reflected and part is transmitted. The reflection and transmission coefficients, Γ and τ, describe the ratio of reflected to incident and transmitted to incident waves. - For lossless media, Γ and τ are real numbers. Boundary conditions require the tangential electric and magnetic fields to be continuous across the interface. - Power flow is also analyzed. In lossless media, the power transmitted equals the power lost by the incident wave minus the power reflected. Introduction of lossy media adds attenuation terms to the wave equations.

Uploaded by

Erberk03
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lale T.

Ergene
Fields and Waves
Lesson 5.5
Wave Reflection and Transmission

Normal incident

wave is normally incident on an infinite interface separating
two different media
impedance discontinuity
similar to the transmission lines
EM waves represented with rays or wavefronts

E
incident plane wave
transmitted plane wave
reflected plane wave
MEDIUM 1
1

MEDIUM 2
2


Lossless media

two lossless, homogenous, dielectric media

E
z=0
~
( )

E z a E e
i
x
i jk z
=

0
1
Incident wave
~
( )
~
( )
H z a
E z
a
E
e
i
z
i
y
i
jk z
= =

q q
1
0
1
1
q

c
1
1
1
=
k
1 1 1
=e c
.
.
.
MEDIUM 1
1
,
1

MEDIUM 2
2
,
2

E
i

H
i
a
i

E
r

H
r
a
r

E
t

H
t
a
t
.
.
x
z
y
Lossless media
~
( )

E z a E e
t
x
t jk z
=

0
2
~
( ) ( )
~
( )
H z a
E z
a
E
e
t
z
r
y
r
jk z
= =
q q
1
0
1
1
q

c
2
2
2
=
k
2 2 2
=e c
transmitted wave
reflected wave
~
( )

E z a E e
r
x
r jk z
=
0
1
~
( )
~
( )
H z a
E z
a
E
e
t
z
t
y
t
jk z
= =

q q
2
0
2
2
q

c
1
1
1
=
k
1 1 1
=e c
Boundary conditions
E E E
i r t
0 0 0
+ =
~
( )
~
( ) E E
1 2
0 0 =
or
Tangential component of the electric field should be continuous
across the boundary
Tangential component of magnetic field should be continuous (no
current source)
At the boundary (z=0):
~
( )
~
( ) H H
1 2
0 0 =
or
E E E
i r t
0
1
0
1
0
2
q q q
+ =
reflection and transmission coefficients
I = =

+
E
E
r
i
0
0
2 1
2 1
q q
q q
Normal incident
t = + 1 I
t
q
q q
= =
+
E
E
t
i
0
0
2
2 1
2
Normal incident
and are real for lossless dielectric media
Normal incident
For nonmagnetic media
I = =

+
E
E
r
i
r r
r r
0
0
1 2
1 2
c c
c c
Standing wave ratio
One to one correspondence between the transmission line
parameters and plane wave parameters
incident and reflected waves create a standing wave pattern
transmission line analogy
( )
~
,
~
, , E H k q
S
E
E
= =
+

~
~
max
min
1
1
1
1
I
I
if
1
=
2
=0 S=1
2= 0 (perfect conductor) =-1 S=

( )
~
,
~
, , V I Z |
0
Smith chart can be used
the max and min locations of the electric field intensity from
the boundary are defined by the same expressions for the
voltage max and min locations
Power flow in lossless media
The average power density flowing in medium 1
S S S
av av
i
av
r
1
= +
S a
E
av
i
z
i
=

0
2
1
2q
S a
E
S
av
r
z
i
av
i
= =

I I
2
0
2
1
2
2q
The average power density flowing in medium 2
S a
E
av
r
z
i
2
2
0
2
2
2
=

t
q
For lossless media
t
q q
2
2
2
1
1 2
1
=

=
I
S S
av av
Boundary between lossy media

two lossy media

E
z=0
~
( )

( ) E z a E e e
x
i z z
1
0
1 1
= +

I
q

c
c
c
1
1
1
=
o |
1 1 1
= + j
.
.
.
MEDIUM 1
1
,
1
,
1

MEDIUM 2
2
,
2
,
2

E
i

H
i
a
i

E
r

H
r
a
r

E
t

H
t
a
t
.
.
x
z
y
Medium 1
H z a
E
e e
y
i
c
z z
1
0
1
1 1
( )

( ) =

q

I
Boundary between lossy media

~
( )

E z a E e
x
i z
2
0
2
=

t

q

c
c
c
2
2
2
=
o |
2 2 2
= + j
.
Medium 2
H z a
E
e
y
i
c
z
2
0
2
2
( )

=

t
q

and are real for lossless dielectric media
I = =

+
E
E
r
i
c c
c c
0
0
2 1
2 1
q q
q q
t
q
q q
= + =
+
1
2
2
2 1
I
c
c c

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