Scribd
Upload
16 views

Instrumentation and Measurements: Instructor: Nabeel Khalid

This document provides an overview of measurement systems and types of instruments. It discusses the key elements of a measurement system, including active and passive instruments, null-type and reflection-type instruments, and analog and digital instruments. Selection factors for choosing an appropriate measuring instrument are also covered, such as static/dynamic characteristics, environmental conditions, personnel skills, and cost.

Uploaded by

Nabeel Khalid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Instrumentation and Measurements: Instructor: Nabeel Khalid

This document provides an overview of measurement systems and types of instruments. It discusses the key elements of a measurement system, including active and passive instruments, null-type and reflection-type instruments, and analog and digital instruments. Selection factors for choosing an appropriate measuring instrument are also covered, such as static/dynamic characteristics, environmental conditions, personnel skills, and cost.

Uploaded by

Nabeel Khalid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Instrumentation and measurements

Lecture 2 Instructor : Nabeel Khalid

Measurement System

outline
What is a measurement system? Elements of Measurement System Selection of Measuring Instrument Ty
es of instruments

Measurement System
! measuring system is one that can
"alue some "ariable# ro"ide about a hysical

Measuring system can be single unit or it can be a


combination of se arate elements#

Measurement system commonly describe by the term


measuring instrument#

Elements of measurement system

Selection of measuring instrument


In order to choose a
i#
ro riate measuring instrument follo$ing arameters should be considered#
Static characteristics of the instrument

ii# %ynamic characteristics of the instrument iii# En"ironmental conditions i"# S&illed ersonnel for using the instrument "# 'ost

Ty es of instruments
Instruments are subdi"ided into follo$ing classes
i# ii# iii# i"# "#
!cti"e and (assi"e Instruments Null)ty e and %eflection)ty e Instruments !nalogue and %igital Instruments Indicating and $ith a signal out ut Instruments Smart and non)smart Instruments

!cti"e and assi"e instruments


This classification is de endent on:
o Whether the instrument out ut is entirely roduced by *uantity being measured#
+(assi"e,

o Whether the *uantity being measured sim ly modulates the magnitude of some
e-ternal o$er source# +!cti"e,

E-am les of assi"e instruments are (ressure .auge/ !nalog 0oltmeter/


etc#

E-am les of acti"e instruments are float ty e le"el monitor/ tem erature
measurements/ etc#

!cti"e and assi"e instruments

Null)ty e and %eflection)ty e Instruments


Null ty
e instruments are those in $hich some *uantity is controlled to ma&e the out ut of the instrument null +1ero,# These instruments are mostly used for calibration ur ose# E-am les are .al"anometer/ bridge based instruments/ etc# e instruments are those in $hich the "alue of *uantity is sho$n by the deflection of the ointer# E-am les are analog "oltmeter/ ammeter/ etc#

%eflection ty

!nalogue and %igital Instruments


!nalogue instrument gi"es an out ut that "aries continuously# 2ut ut can ha"e infinite number of "alues $ithin the range# %igital instrument out ut "aries in discrete ste s# 2ut ut can ha"e only finite number of "alues $ithin the range# 3uestion is $hich ty e of instruments are more accurate?

You might also like