MODALS

Modals are those helping verbs, which express the mode or manner of the actions indicated by the main verbs. They express modes such as ability, possibility, probability, permission, obligation, etc. The most commonly used modals are shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, used to, need and dare. Modals are used to:

Ask permissionmay, can, could Examples: May I come in? Could I use your pen, please? Make a requestcan, could Example: Could you please give me the doctors telephone number? It might rain during the night. You should wear a helmet while riding your motorbike. Express a possibilitymay, might, could Example: Give advice or suggestionshould Example: Express necessity or compulsionmust, have to Examples: We must slow down while driving in front of a school. I have to submit my project by tomorrow. Express prohibition Example: You must not talk loudly in the library. I will mail you my address. May you have a long life! Express a promise or intentionwill, shall Example: Express a wishmay Example:

 A modal does not change according to the number or person of the subject. Examples: He can learn. They can learn. I can learn. We can learn. You can learn.

A modal is always used with a verb in its basic form. The modal takes the tense while the main verb remains in its dictionary form. Examples: I can run. I could run. Examples: Can you sing? Will you sing? Will you come? Examples: I cannot run. I do not run. I will not run. I may run. I might run. I can. I will. I may./I will. I cant run. I dont run. I wont run.

Modals can be used alone in response to a question.

Modals, when joined with not to form a negative, can be contracted.

WORKSHEET 8
I. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences by using appropriate modals. a) __________ you please tell me the direction to the hotel? b) You __________ pay in cash. They do not accept credit cards. c) I __________ come home from the office today. d) __________ I help you? e) You __________ clean your room. f) We ________ keep the lights and fans switched off when they are not in use. g) We __________ improve the existing education system. h) __________ you have a wonderful day! i) I __________ go to see the movie. The reviews are good. j) I __________ definitely be at the airport to receive you. k) She __________ take her meals regularly. l) You __________ reach home before eleven, she said. m) __________ we go for a walk? n) The soldiers in the Army __________ wear a uniform. o) There is one more point I __________ refer to. p) You have worked hard. You __________ pass. q) It is very cloudy. It __________ rain. r) You __________ be properly dressed when you come to office. s) __________ you like to come to the party tomorrow? t) People __________ not tell lies. II. Fill in the blanks with the correct modals given in the brackets. God is great and we (a) __________ (should/would) be grateful to him. We (b) __________ (might/should) do our duty and leave the reward in the hands of God. Ultimately, God (c) __________ (might/will) help us. We (d) __________ (might/should/may) leave everything to God.

III. There is a missing word in each line of the following passage. Mark the place of the missing word with a / and write the correct word. Write the word before and after the word in your answer sheet. People /not ask a writer why he writes his biography. They know that every life be interesting if properly presented. Moreover, we learn many things if we want to from a great life. It not be necessarily the life of a great leader that inspire us. a) People need not. b) _____________ c) _____________ d) _____________ e) _____________ f) _____________

IV. There is an error in each line of the passage that follows. Write the incorrect and correct word in your answer sheet. Plastic bags are not be used because they should cause much pollution. They need never disintegrate with time. They should block the sewerage. It need to melted and reprocessed but that might make it even more harmful. Even if buried they can never be destroyed. They should be useful today but they would be very harmful for the coming generations. a) are should b) _____________ c) _____________ d) _____________ e) _____________ f) _____________ g) _____________ h) _____________ i) _____________ j) _____________

V. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the incorrect word and the correct word in the answer sheet. The label can be removed before cooking. Then the cookware could be rinsed in warm soapy water. It is advisable to keep to low heat. The cookware would never be used on high heat. Very high temperatures would cause sticking. The handles used to also loosen. However, a) _________ b) _________ c) _________ d) _________ e) _________ f) _________ g) _________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

one should not worry about the maintenance as it is quite easy. The vessel might be cleaned with liquid detergent.

h) _________ i) _________ j) _________

__________ __________ __________ __________

One can not use sharp detergent for cleaning. k) _________

VI. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals from the ones given in the box below. should might can could have to must

a) Ritus flight from Morocco took more than 11 hours. She ___________ be exhausted after such a long flight. She ___________ prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest. b) If you want to get a better feeling for how Raniganj is laid out, you ___________ walk down town and explore the riverside. c) You ___________ research the route a little more before you set sail. d) When you have a small child in the house, you ___________ leave small objects lying around. e) Anvesha: ___________ you hold your breath for more than a minute? Bunty: No, I cant. f) Jasprits engagement ring is enormous! It ___________ have cost a fortune. g) Please make sure to feed the fish while I am gone. If they dont get enough food, they ___________ die. h) I ___________ speak Assamese fluently when I was a child. i) The teacher said we ___________ read the book if we needed extra credit. j) The spatula ___________ be in this cupboard but its not here.