Scribd
Upload
90 views15 pages

Basic Electronics

The document discusses several electronic components including light emitting diodes (LEDs), infrared LEDs and photodiodes, zener diodes, op-amp integrated circuits like the LM324, digital logic gates integrated circuits like the CD4049, and multimeters. It provides information on how LEDs work by allowing current to flow when forward biased, how infrared LEDs and photodiodes are used for obstacle detection, how zener diodes allow current in the reverse direction above a breakdown voltage, what the LM324 and CD4049 integrated circuits contain, and how multimeters can measure voltage, current and resistance.

Uploaded by

MisliSlaluAda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views15 pages

Basic Electronics

The document discusses several electronic components including light emitting diodes (LEDs), infrared LEDs and photodiodes, zener diodes, op-amp integrated circuits like the LM324, digital logic gates integrated circuits like the CD4049, and multimeters. It provides information on how LEDs work by allowing current to flow when forward biased, how infrared LEDs and photodiodes are used for obstacle detection, how zener diodes allow current in the reverse direction above a breakdown voltage, what the LM324 and CD4049 integrated circuits contain, and how multimeters can measure voltage, current and resistance.

Uploaded by

MisliSlaluAda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

A light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a PN junction diode that emits a light when operated in a forward biased direction.

How Does A LED Work? (1/2)

When sufficient voltage is applied to the chip across the leads of the LED, electrons can move easily in only one direction across the junction between the p and n regions. In the p region there are many more positive than negative charges. When a voltage is applied and the current starts to flow, electrons in the n region have sufficient energy to move across the junction into the p region.
2

Variable resistor: The potentiometer

The potentiometer

IR LED & PHOTODIODE:


IR LED means Infrared Light Emitting Diode. It emits Infrared Light when current passed through it. These IR LED are used to detect obstacles ahead The clear Photodiode can detect visible and IR rays to limit the Photodiode to detect only IR rays a black coating is applied to the glass of the Photodiode.

ZENER DIODE:A Zener diode is a diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but also permits it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, "zener knee voltage", "zener voltage" or "avalanche point".
+

LM 324 IC
LM324 is an op-amp IC. It is a fourteen pin IC that has 4 op-amps that have ability to work as comparators . It contain four op-amps

IC LM324-:

CD 4049 IC-:
This is a digital IC having 6 invertor gates.

CD 4049 IC-:

CD 4049

MULTIMETER
A Multimeter or a Multitester, also known as a volt/ohm meter is an electronic Measuring instrument that combines Several function in one unit. A standard multimeter may include feature such as the ability to measure Voltage , current & resistance value etc..

There are 2 styles of multimeters


Switched
Manually switch between ranges to get most accurate reading.

Auto Range
Switches between ranges automatically for best reading.

Both of these styles work the same

Display & Dial Settings


Digital Display Shows measured value.

Meter Dial Turn dial to change functions. Turn dial to OFF position after use. Panel Indicator Shows each function and setting range to turn dial to.

Measuring Resistance

DIODE TESTING

You might also like