ESTIMATION and HYPOTHESIS TESTS (Two Populations): CHAPTER 10 1.

In testing the difference between two population means using two independent samples, we use the pooled variance in estimating the standard error of the sampling distribution of the sample mean difference x1 x 2 if the: a. sample sizes are both large b. populations are normal with equal variances c. populations are nonnormal with unequal variances d. populations are normal with unequal variances 2.In testing whether the means of two normal populations are equal, summary statistics computed for two independent samples are as follows: n1 = 25 x1 = 7.30 s1 = 1.05 n 2 = 25 x 2 = 6.80 s 2 = 1.20 Assume that the population variances are equal. Then, the standard errors of the sampling distribution of the sample mean difference x1 x 2 equal to: a. 0.1017 b. 1.2713 c. 0.3189 d. 1.1275 3.The mean GPA of all male students at ISU is 2.77 and the mean GPA of all female students at ISU is 2.89. Suppose we take one sample of 40 male students and another sample of 50 female students from ISU. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the difference between the mean GPAs of these two samples? a. .12 b. .27 c. 5.66 d. .08 4.The standard deviation of GPAs of all male students at ISU is 0.35 and the standard deviation of GPAs of all female students at ISU is 0.34. Suppose we take one sample of 40 male students and another sample of 50 female students from ISU. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the mean GPAs of these two samples? a. 0.125 b. 0.257 c. 0.073 d. 0.105 5.In testing the difference between two population means using two independent samples, the sampling distribution of the sample mean difference x1 x 2 is normal if the: a. sample sizes are both greater than 30 b. populations are normal

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c. d.

populations are nonnormal and the sample sizes are large all of the above are required conditions

6.Two samples drawn from two populations are independent if: a. the selection of one sample from a population is not related to the selection of the second sample from the same population b. the selection of one sample from one population does not affect the selection of the second sample from the second population c. the selection of one sample from a population is related to the selection of the second sample from the same population d. two samples selected from the same population have no relation. 7.Two samples drawn from two populations are dependent if: a. the selection of one sample from a population is not related to the selection of the second sample from the same population b. the selection of one sample from one population is not related to the selection of the second sample from the second population c. for each data value collected from one sample there corresponds another data value collected from the second sample and both these data values are collected from the same source d. Two samples selected from the same population have no relation. 8.The average weekly earnings of all male workers in Alaska is $775 and the average weekly earnings of all female workers in Alaska is $658. Suppose we select one sample of 400 male workers and another sample of 300 female workers from Alaska. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the difference between the average weekly earnings of these two samples? a. $127 b. $1435 c. $672 d. $117 9.A political analyst in Illinois surveys a random sample of registered Democrats and compares the results with those obtained from a random sample of registered Republicans. This would be an example of: a. independent samples b. dependent samples c. independent samples only if the sample sizes are equal d. dependent samples only if the sample sizes are equal 10. A sample of 400 male workers selected from Alaska produced the standard deviation of their weekly earnings equal to $85 and another sample of 300 female workers selected from Alaska produced the standard deviation of their weekly earnings equal to $105. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the

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mean weekly earnings of these two samples? a. 1.471 b. 9.654 c. 7.404 d. 11.243 11. The mean job-related stress score for all police officers is 8.1 and the mean job-related stress score for all college professors is 5.5. Suppose we select one sample of 200 police officers and another sample of 300 college professors. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the difference between the mean job-related stress scores for these two samples? a. 2.8 b. 13.3 c. 2.6 d. 1.4 12. In testing the difference between two population means using two independent samples, the population standard deviations are assumed to be known and the calculated test statistic equals 2.56. If the test is two-tail and 5% level of significance has been specified, the conclusion should be to: a. reject the null hypothesis b. not to reject the null hypothesis c. choose two other independent samples d. none of the above answers is correct 13. A sample of 200 police officers produced the mean job-related stress score of 7.9 with a standard deviation of 0.65. Another sample of 300 college professors produced the mean job-related stress score of 5.4 with a standard deviation of 0.90. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the mean job-related stress scores of these two samples? a. .079 b. .183 c. .069 d. .374 14. A sample of 400 male workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $781 with a standard deviation of $85. Another sample of 300 female workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $654 with a standard deviation of $105. Determine the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean weekly earnings of all male and all female workers from Alaska. a. $118.63 to $135.37 b. $112.49 to $141.51 c. $103.58 to $150.42 d. $96.36 to $157.64

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15. A sample of 40 male students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA (grade point average) of 2.79 with a standard deviation of 0.36. Another sample of 50 female students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA of 2.87 with a standard deviation of .32. What is the 99% confidence interval for the difference between the mean GPAs of all male and all female students at ISU? a. .27 to .11 b. .18 to .02 c. .33 to .17 d. .21 to .05 16. In testing the difference between two population means, for which the population variances are unknown and not assumed to be equal, two independent samples of small sizes are drawn from the populations. Which of the following tests is appropriate? a. z-test b. Pooled-variances t-test c. Unequal variances t-test d. Matched pairs t-test 17. A sample of 200 police officers produced the mean job-related stress score of 7.9 with a standard deviation of 0.65. Another sample of 300 college professors produced the mean job-related stress score of 5.4 with a standard deviation of 0.90. What is the 90% confidence interval for the difference between the mean job-related stress scores of all police officers and all college professors? a. 2.31 to 2.69 b. 2.44 to 2.56 c. 2.26 to 2.74 d. 2.39 to 2.61 18. A sample of 400 male workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $781 with a standard deviation of $85. Another sample of 300 female workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $654 with a standard deviation of $105. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean weekly earnings of all male workers are greater than the mean weekly earnings of all female workers in Alaska. The significance level is 1%. What is the critical value of z? a. 2.58 b. 1.96 c. 2.33 d. 2.17 19. A sample of 400 male workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $781 with a standard deviation of $85. Another sample of 300 female workers selected from Alaska produced the mean weekly earnings equal to $654 with a standard deviation of $105. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean weekly earnings of all male workers are greater than the mean weekly earnings of all female workers in Alaska. The

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significance level is 1%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 11.34 b. 21.56 c. 14.87 d. 17.15 20. Which of the following is a required condition for using the normal approximation to the binomial in testing the difference between two population proportions? a. n1 p1 > 30 and n 2 p 2 > 30 b. n1 p1 > 5 and n 2 p 2 > 5 c. n1 p1 > 5 , n1 q1 > 5 , n 2 p 2 > 5 , and n 2 q 2 > 5 1 > 5 , n1 q 1 > 5 , n 2 p 2 > 5 , and n 2 q 2 > 5 d. n1 p 21. A sample of 40 male students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA (grade point average) of 2.79 with a standard deviation of 0.36. Another sample of 50 female students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA of 2.87 with a standard deviation of 0.32. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean GPA of all male students at ISU is less than the mean GPA of all female students at ISU. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the critical value of z? a. 2.33 b. 1.96 c. 2.17 d. 2.05 22. A sample of 40 male students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA (grade point average) of 2.79 with a standard deviation of 0.36. Another sample of 50 female students selected from ISU produced a mean GPA of 2.87 with a standard deviation of 0.32. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean GPA of all male students at ISU is less than the mean GPA of all female students at ISU. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 2.56 b. 1.10 c. 4.09 d. 3.37 23. A test is being conducted to test the difference between two population means using data that are gathered from a matched pairs experiment with a small sample. If the paired differences are normal, then the distribution used for testing is the: a. normal b. binomial c. Student t d. F 24. A sample of 200 police officers produced the mean job-related stress score of 7.9 with a standard deviation of 0.65. Another sample of 300 college professors produced the mean
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job-related stress score of 5.4 with a standard deviation of 0.90. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean job-related stress score for all police officers is not equal to the mean job-related stress score for all college professors. The significance level is 1%. What are the critical values of z? a. 2.33 and 2.33 b. 1.96 and 1.96 c. 2.17 and 2.17 d. 2.58 and 2.58 25. A sample of 200 police officers produced the mean job-related stress score of 7.9 with a standard deviation of 0.65. Another sample of 300 college professors produced the mean job-related stress score of 5.4 with a standard deviation of 0.90. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean job-related stress score for all police officers is not equal to the mean job-related stress score for all college professors. The significance level is 1%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 47.28 b. 8.92 c. 36.23 d. 23.17 26. A sample of 20 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 9. Another sample of 25 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of 11. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the pooled standard deviation of the two samples? a. 17.247 b. 6.821 c. 10.165 d. 14.638 27. A sample of 20 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 9. Another sample of 25 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of 11. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 2.982 b. .943 c. 3.050 d. 1.069 28. In testing the difference between the means of two normal population using two independent samples, when the population variances are unequal, the sampling distribution of the resulting statistic is: a. normal

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b. c. d.

F 2 approximately Student t

29. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 82 and a standard deviation of 14. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 16. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the pooled standard deviation of the two samples? a. 11.583 b. 15.096 c. 19.481 d. 8.053 30. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 82 and a standard deviation of 14. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 16. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 5.187 b. 1.273 c. 9.791 d. 8.036 31. A sample of 27 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 8. Another sample of 22 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 7. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the pooled standard deviation of the two samples? a. 10.281 b. 13.169 c. 7.570 d. 4.537 32. A sample of 27 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 8. Another sample of 22 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 7. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 8.025 b. 2.174 c. 6.302 d. 1.003

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33. In constructing confidence interval estimate for the difference between the means of two normally distributed populations, using two independent samples, we: a. pool the sample variances when the unknown population variances are equal b. pool the sample variances when the population variances are known and not equal c. pool the sample variances when the population means are equal d. never pool the sample variances 34. A sample of 20 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 9. Another sample of 25 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of 11. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the means of these two populations? a. 2.36 to 11.64 b. 1.98 to 12.02 c. 3.42 to 10.58 d. .85 to 13.15 35. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 82 and a standard deviation of 14. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 16. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the 99% confidence interval for the difference between the means of these two populations? a. 3.65 to 17.65 b. 2.80 to 16.80 c. 3.45 to 10.55 d. 7.20 to 21.20 36. A sample of 27 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 8. Another sample of 22 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 7. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. What is the 90% confidence interval for the difference between the means of these two populations? a. 6.34 to 3.66 b. 13.21 to 3.21 c. 8.65 to 1.35 d. 10.89 to .89 37. When the necessary conditions are met, a two-tail test is being conducted to test the

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difference between two population means, but your statistical software provides only a one-tail area of .036 as part of its output. The p-value for this test will be: a. .018 b. .009 c. .072 d. .964 38. A sample of 20 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 9. Another sample of 25 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of 11. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the means of the two populations are not equal. The significance level is 5%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.014 and 2.014 b. 2.017 and 2.017 c. 1.681 and 1.681 d. 1.679 and 1.679 39. A sample of 20 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 9. Another sample of 25 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 58 and a standard deviation of 11. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the means of the two populations are not equal. The significance level is 5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 7.423 b. 2.295 c. 3.847 d. 5.184 40. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 82 and a standard deviation of 14. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 16. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is greater than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 1%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.738 b. 2.449 c. 2.445 d. 2.733 41. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 82 and a

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standard deviation of 14. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 16. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is greater than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 1%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. .976 b. 1.350 c. 4.562 d. 7.298 42. When the necessary conditions are met, a two-tail test is being conducted to test the difference between two population proportions. The two sample proportions are 1 = 0.25 and p 2 = 0.20 , and the standard error of the sampling distribution of p 1 p 2 is p 0.04. The calculated value of the test statistic will be: a. z = .25 b. z = 1.25 c. t = .25 d. t = .80 43. A sample of 27 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 8. Another sample of 22 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 7. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is less than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.012 b. 2.011 c. 2.685 d. 1.678 44. A sample of 27 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 8. Another sample of 22 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 79 and a standard deviation of 7. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is less than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 6.918 b. 4.015 c. 3.810 d. 2.300

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45. A sample of 14 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 7. Another sample of 20 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the t distribution to make a confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. 31 b. 34 c. 42 d. 27 46. A sample of 14 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 7. Another sample of 20 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 2.915 b. 3.752 c. 7.914 d. 4.782 47. The expected value of the difference of two sample means equals the difference of the corresponding population means: a. only if the populations are normally distributed b. only if the samples are independent c. only if the populations are approximately normal and the sample sizes are large d. the statement is correct under all circumstances 48. A sample of 12 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 16. Another sample of 15 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 14. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the t distribution to make a confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. 27 b. 25 c. 22 d. 32 49. A sample of 12 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 84 and a

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standard deviation of 16. Another sample of 15 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 14. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 3.015 b. 1.573 c. 9.237 d. 5.865 50. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 36 and a standard deviation of 3. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the t distribution to make a confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. 34 b. 23 c. 32 d. 27 51. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 36 and a standard deviation of 3. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the difference between the means of these two samples? a. 3.114 b. 6.710 c. 1.225 d. 4.302 52. In constructing 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the means of two normally distributed populations, where the unknown population variances are assumed not to be equal, summary statistics computed from two independent samples are as follows: n1 = 50 x1 = 175 s1 = 18.5 n 2 = 42 x 2 = 158 s 2 = 32.4 The upper confidence limit is: a. 19.123 b. 28.212 c. 24.911 d. 5.788

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53. A sample of 14 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 7. Another sample of 20 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the 90% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. .06 to 9.94 b. 2.32 to 7.68 c. 3.43 to 13.43 d. 1.02 to 8.98 54. A sample of 12 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 16. Another sample of 15 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 14. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the 99% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. 2.28 to 20.28 b. 1.36 to 16.64 c. 4.53 to 28.53 d. 5.29 to 12.71 55. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 36 and a standard deviation of 3. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. What is the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means? a. 15.86 to 4.14 b. 18.19 to 1.81 c. 12.51 to 7.49 d. 11.28 to 8.72 56. In constructing confidence interval estimate for the difference between two population proportions, we: a. pool the population proportions when the populations are normally distributed b. pool the population proportions when the population means are equal c. pool the population proportions when they are equal d. never pool the population proportions 57. A sample of 14 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 7. Another sample of 20 observations selected from another

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population produced a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the means of the two populations are not equal. The significance level is 5%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.040 and 2.040 b. 1.696 and 1.696 c. 2.026 and 2.026 d. 2.045 and 2.045 58. A sample of 14 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 57 and a standard deviation of 7. Another sample of 20 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the means of the two populations are not equal. The significance level is 5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 5.937 b. 1.715 c. 3.762 d. 7.131 59. A sample of 12 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 16. Another sample of 15 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 14. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is greater than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.060 b. 2.074 c. 2.052 d. 1.708 60. A sample of 12 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 16. Another sample of 15 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 14. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is greater than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 6.728 b. 2.046 c. 1.534 d. 5.025

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61. A sample of size 100 selected from one population has 60 successes, and a sample of size 150 selected from a second population has 95 successes. The test statistic for testing the that the population proportions are not equal: a. -.5319 b. .7293 c. -.419 d. .2702 62. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 36 and a standard deviation of 3. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is less than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 1%. What is the critical value of t? a. 2.473 b. 2.449 c. 2.441 d. 2.457 63. A sample of 16 observations selected from a population produced a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4. Another sample of 18 observations selected from another population produced a mean of 36 and a standard deviation of 3. Assume that the two populations are normally distributed and the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the first population is less than the mean of the second population. The significance level is 1%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 5.172 b. 9.382 c. 4.027 d. 8.163 64. For testing the difference between two population proportions, the pooled proportion estimate should be used to compute the value of the test statistic when the: a. populations are normally distributed b. sample sizes are small c. samples are independently drawn from the populations d. null hypothesis states that the two population proportions are equal 65. Two paired or matched samples would imply that: a. data collected on one variable from the elements of two independent sample b. two data values are collected from the same source (observations) for two dependent samples c. two data values are collected from the same source (observations) for two

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d.

independent samples data collected on two variables from the elements of two independent samples

66. For two paired samples with a sample size of n, the degrees of freedom are: a. n2 b. 2n 2 c. n1 d. n3 67. In testing the null hypothesis H 0 : p1 p 2 = 0 , if H 0 is false, the test could lead to: a. a Type I error b. a Type II error c. either a Type I or a Type II error d. None of the above For problems 68-73: Five students, who were suffering from depression, attended 10 one-hour counseling sessions at Bromein hospital. The following table gives the depression scores (on a scale of 1 to 10) of these five students before and after attending the counseling sessions. Note that a higher score means that a student has a worse case of depression. Before 7.5 6.4 8.6 9.1 7.8 After 4.3 5.1 6.2 6.9 7.2

Let the paired difference be defined as the score before minus the score after attending the counseling sessions. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the population paired differences is not equal to zero (i.e., the counseling sessions does change the depression score). The significance level is 5%. 68. What is the mean of the sample paired differences? a. 2.18 b. .76 c. 1.94 d. 3.56 69. What is the standard deviation of the sample paired differences? a. 22.890 b. 1.009 c. 3.101 d. .762

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70. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the mean of the sample paired differences? a. 1.382 b. .451 c. 2.673 d. 1.016 71. What is the 95% confidence interval for the mean of the population paired differences? a. .37 to 4.25 b. 1.10 to 2.78 c. .69 to 3.19 d. 1.74 to 5.62 72. What are the critical values of t? a. 2.776 and 2.776 b. 2.571 and 2.571 c. 2.132 and 2.132 d. 2.015 and 2.015 73. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 3.724 b. 5.205 c. 2.739 d. 4.302 74. A sample of size 150 from population 1 has 40 successes. A sample of size 250 from population 2 has 30 successes. The value of the observed test statistic for testing the null hypothesis that the proportion of successes in population one exceeds the proportion of successes in population two by .05 is: a. 1.645 b. 2.327 c. 1.960 d. 1.977 For problems 75-80: A small city in Illinois recently launched a neighborhood watch program to control crime. The following table gives the number of crimes reported in six neighborhoods during the six months before and six months after the neighborhood watch program was launched. Before 57 73 After 41 65

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47 68 79 39

28 73 61 32

Let the paired difference be defined as the number of crimes before minus the number of crimes after the neighborhood watch program was launched. The alternative hypothesis is that the mean of the population paired differences is greater than zero (i.e., the neighborhood watch program decreases the number of crimes). The significance level is 1%. 75. What is the mean of the sample paired differences? a. 11.95 b. 6.72 c. 10.50 d. 12.17 76. What is the standard deviation of the sample paired differences? a. 12.471 b. 9.138 c. 5.614 d. 14.086 77. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the mean of the sample paired differences? a. 3.731 b. 1.529 c. 6.181 d. 4.572 78. What is the 99% confidence interval estimates for the mean of the population paired differences? a. 2.15 to 23.15 b. 3.57 to 17.43 c. 1.85 to 19.15 d. 4.54 to 25.54 79. What is the critical value of t? a. 3.143 b. 3.365 c. 3.747 d. 4.032

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80. What is the value of the observed test statistic, t? a. 4.187 b. 3.015 c. 7.239 d. 2.814 81. Two samples of sizes 25 and 35 are independently drawn from two normal populations, where the unknown population variances are assumed to be equal. The number of degrees of freedom of the equal-variances t test statistic are: a. 60 b. 59 c. 58 d. 35 82. The proportion of elements in a population that possess a certain characteristic is .67. The proportion of elements in another population that possess the same characteristic is .73. A sample of 200 elements is selected from the first population and a sample of 400 elements is selected from the second population. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the difference between the two sample proportions? a. .08 b. .06 c. .12 d. .70 83. The proportion of elements in a population that possess a certain characteristic is .67. The proportion of elements in another population that possess the same characteristic is .73. A sample of 200 elements is selected from the first population and a sample of 400 elements is selected from the second population. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the sampling distribution of the difference between the two sample proportions? a. .178 b. .459 c. .040 d. .70 84. If some natural relationship exists between each pair of observations that provides a logical reason to compare the first observation of sample 1 with the first observation of sample 2, the second observation of sample 1 with the second observation of sample 2, and so on, the samples are referred to as: a. matched samples b. independent samples

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c. d.

weighted samples random samples

85. The proportion of elements in a population that possess a certain characteristic is .47. The proportion of elements in another population that possess the same characteristic is .42. A sample of 1000 elements is selected from the first population and a sample of 900 elements is selected from the second population. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the difference between the two sample proportions? a. .05 b. .89 c. .11 d. .445 86. The proportion of elements in a population that possess a certain characteristic is .47. The proportion of elements in another population that possess the same characteristic is .42. A sample of 1000 elements is selected from the first population and a sample of 900 elements is selected from the second population. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the sampling distribution of the difference between the two sample proportions? a. .207 b. .023 c. .310 d. .445 87. A sample of 500 school teachers, who are married, showed that 42% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. Another sample of 400 school teachers, who are single, showed that 35% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. What is the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of married and single school teachers who hold a second job to supplement their incomes? a. .03 to .11 b. .02 to .16 c. .01 to .13 d. .01 to .15 88. The symbol x D refers to: a. the difference in the means of two dependent populations b. the difference in the means of two independent populations c. the matched pairs differences d. the mean difference in the pairs of observations taken from two dependent samples 89. According to a, 53% of female drivers and 43% of male drivers never speed. Suppose

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these results are based on samples of 1000 female drivers and 1200 male drivers, respectively. What is the 99% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of all female and all male drivers who never speed? a. .02 to .18 b. .03 to .17 c. .07 to .13 d. .05 to .15 90. A management professor at ISU is conducting a survey on job satisfaction. In a sample of 800 male job-holders, 69% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. In another sample of 900 female job-holders, 61% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. The 97% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of all male and all female job-holders who will say that they are satisfied with their jobs is: a. .03 to .13 b. .01 to .15 c. .03 to .19 d. .01 to .17 91. In a survey conducted by an ISU professor, a sample of 500 school teachers, who are married, showed that 42% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. Another sample of 400 school teachers, who are single, showed that 35% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportions of married and single school teachers who hold a second job to supplement their incomes are different. The significance level is 5%. What is the critical value of z? a. 2.33 and 2.33 b. 1.65 and 1.65 c. 2.17 and 2.17 d. 1.96 and 1.96 92. In a survey conducted by an ISU professor, a sample of 500 school teachers, who are married, showed that 42% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. Another sample of 400 school teachers, who are single, showed that 35% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportions of married and single school teachers who hold a second job to supplement their incomes are different. The significance level is 5%. What is the value of the pooled sample proportion? a. .468 b. .293 c. .389 d. .372 93. In a survey conducted by an ISU professor, a sample of 500 school teachers, who are

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married, showed that 42% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. Another sample of 400 school teachers, who are single, showed that 35% of them hold a second job to supplement their incomes. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportions of married and single school teachers who hold a second job to supplement their incomes are different. The significance level is 5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 2.12 b. 5.36 c. 3.85 d. 7.18 94. The number of degrees of freedom associated with the t test, when the data are gathered from a matched pairs experiment with 10 pairs, is: a. a. 10 b. b. 20 c. c. 9 d. d. 18 95. According to a survey, 53% of female drivers and 43% of male drivers never speed. Suppose these results are based on samples of 1000 female drivers and 1200 male drivers, respectively. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female drivers who never speed is greater than the proportion of all male drivers who never speed. The significance level is 1%. What is the critical value of z? a. 2.58 b. 2.17 c. 2.33 d. 2.05 96. According to a survey, 53% of female drivers and 43% of male drivers never speed. Suppose these results are based on samples of 1000 female drivers and 1200 male drivers, respectively. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female drivers who never speed is greater than the proportion of all male drivers who never speed. The significance level is 1%. What is the value of the pooled sample proportion? a. .607 b. .475 c. .442 d. .518 97. According to a survey, 53% of female drivers and 43% of male drivers never speed. Suppose these results are based on samples of 1000 female drivers and 1200 male drivers, respectively. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female drivers who never speed is greater than the proportion of all male drivers who never speed. The significance level is 1%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 3.12

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b. c. d.

7.69 4.76 2.43

98. A management professor at ISU is conducting a survey on job satisfaction. In a sample of 900 female job-holders, 61% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. In another sample of 800 male job-holders, 69% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs is less than the proportion of all male job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the critical value of z? a. 1.96 b. 2.17 c. 2.33 d. 2.05 99. A management professor at ISU is conducting a survey on job satisfaction. In a sample of 900 female job-holders, 61% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. In another sample of 800 male job-holders, 69% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs is less than the proportion of all male job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the value of the pooled sample proportion? a. .634 b. .662 c. .648 d. .659 100. A management professor at ISU is conducting a survey on job satisfaction. In a sample of 900 female job-holders, 61% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. In another sample of 800 male job-holders, 69% said that they are satisfied with their jobs. The alternative hypothesis is that the proportion of all female job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs is less than the proportion of all male job-holders who are satisfied with their jobs. The significance level is 2.5%. What is the value of the observed test statistic, z? a. 3.01 b. 2.76 c. 5.48 d. 3.48 101. The quantity s 2 p is called the pooled variance estimate of the common variance of two unknown but equal population variances. It is the weighted average of the two sample variances, where the weights represent the: a. sample variances b. sample standard deviations c. sample sizes d. degrees of freedom for each sample

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102. Which of the following describes the collection of independent samples? a. Twenty married couples are selected and the number of years of education for the husband is recorded in sample 1 and the number of years of education for the wife is put into sample 2. b. Thirty individuals participate in a weight reduction study. The before weight for each participant is put into sample 1 and the after weight is put into sample 2. c. Twenty rats are randomly divided into two groups of ten each. One group is a control group and the group is an experimental group. d. Forty pairs of twins are selected for a study. One sample is consists of the measurements on one of the twins and the other sample is the same measurement on the other twin in each pair. 103. Sample 1 is drawn at random from a population with mean 1 and standard deviation 2. Sample 2 is drawn at random from a population with mean 2 and standard deviation 8. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the difference in sample means if both samples sizes are 25 and the samples are independent samples? a. 68 b. 8.25 c. 2.72 d. 1.65 104. James is comparing the SAT scores of students who attend Bradley and those who attend ISU. He has taken samples of 400 students at Bradley and 450 students at ISU. The mean and standard deviation of the sample from Bradley (college 1) are 1034.8 and 31.4, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the sample from ISU (college 2) are 1088.0 and 30.5, respectively. What are the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval for 1 2 ? a. 49.03 and 57.37 b. 57.37 and 49.03 c. 52.37 and 53.86 d. 53.86 and 52.37 105. An actuary at State Farm wants to test the hypothesis that the mean annual auto insurance claims per person in the town of Bloomington, Illinois is not the same as that for the town of Peoria, Illinois. She checks the claims records of 200 people in Bloomington, Illinois and finds an average of $204 in claims in the past year with a standard deviation of $15. She also checks the claims records of 160 people in Peoria, Illinois and calculates an average of $194 and a standard deviation of $18. What is the value of the test statistic? a. 23.09 b. 6.03 c. 5.63
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d.

2.91

106. Sheryl is planning to move to either Decatur or Springfield, and is concerned about the mean monthly rent in each city. She samples 11 one-bedroom apartments in Decatur (city 1) and calculates a mean monthly rent of $443.50 and a standard deviation of $26.50. She then samples 11 one-bedroom apartments in Springfield (city 2) and calculates a mean of $481.25 and a standard deviation of $44.30. Assuming that the two populations are normally distributed and that their standard deviations are equal, what is the value of the estimator for the standard deviation (or standard error) of the difference between the two sample means? a. 36.50 b. 31.77 c. 15.56 d. 2.42 107. You are comparing the fares of two airline companies for round-trip flights between New York and Los Angeles. Company A tends to lower fares considerably around summertime, but raises them back up during the winter holiday season. The fares set by Company B do not fluctuate nearly as much as Company A's fares. Because of this, you assume that the standard deviations of the two populations are not equal. You check the fares of each company at 24 different times throughout the year and calculate a standard deviation of $82 for the sample from Company A and $26 for the sample from Company B. Assuming that both distributions are normal, you use the t-distribution. How many degrees of freedom will you use? a. 17 b. 24 c. 27 d. 30 108. Two independent samples of sizes 20 and 30 are randomly selected from two normally distributed populations. Assume that the population variances are known and equal. In order to test the difference between the population means, 1 2 . The sampling distribution of the sample mean difference, x1 x 2 ,is: a. normally distributed b. t distributed with 50 degrees of freedom c. t distributed with 58 degrees of freedom d. F distributed with 19 and 29 degrees of freedom 109. The manufacturer of a fuel additive has made the claim that its product significantly increases a car's fuel efficiency (in miles per gallon). Twenty consumers decide to try the product, and measure the fuel efficiency of their cars before and after adding the product to their fuel tanks. The following table shows the improvement in fuel economy for the 20 cars:

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3 3

7 6

1 5

0 5

5 0

4 3

0 1

1 5

4 1

2 0

What are the boundaries of the 98% confidence interval for the mean difference? a. 1.63 and 3.96 b. 1.53 and 4.07 c. 2.41 and 8.01 d. 2.88 and 8.48 110. The proportion of items with a minor defect produced by machine A is 5% and the proportion produced by machine B with a minor defect is 10%. Independent samples of 400 items are selected form each of the machines. What is the standard deviation (or standard error) of the difference in the two sample proportions? a. .0117 b. .1500 c. .0003 d. .0185 111. A market analyst for a marketing company is interested to know the difference in percentages between owners of Ford and Chevrolet cars who are happy with their purchase. He samples 250 Ford owners and finds that 130 are happy with their purchase. Similarly, he samples 200 Chevy owners and finds that 105 are happy with their purchase. Let p1 and p 2 be the percentages of Ford and Chevy owners, respectively, who are happy with their purchases. What are the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval for p1 p 2 ? a. .0524 and .0424 b. .0979 and .0879 c. .0072 and .0028 d. .0094 and .0006 112. A physician offers two options to people who suffer from ulcers: antibiotics or acidblockers. He has treated 100 people with antibiotics and 90 with acid-blockers. Of those who received antibiotics, 84 said that the treatment significantly reduced their ulcer pain. Likewise, 81 of the people who took acid-blockers said that their ulcer pain was reduced significantly. The physician wants to test at the 1% level of significance whether one treatment is more successful in reducing ulcer pain than the other. What is the absolute value of the test statistic? a. 1.05 b. 1.14 c. 1.18 d. 1.22 113. Two independent samples of sizes 25 and 35 are randomly selected from two normal populations with equal population variances. In order to test the difference between the population means, the test statistic is:
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a. b. c. d.

a standard normal random variable approximately standard normal random variable Student t distributed with 58 degrees of freedom Student t distributed with 33 degrees of freedom

114. When the necessary conditions are met, a two-tail test is being conducted to test the difference between two population proportions. If the value of the test statistic z is 2.05, then the p-value is: a. .4798 b. .0404 c. .2399 d. .0202 115. Two independent samples of sizes 40 and 50 are randomly selected from two populations to test the difference between the population means 1 2 . The sampling distribution of the sample mean difference x1 x 2 is: a. normally distributed b. approximately normal c. t distributed with 88 degrees of freedom d. chi-squared distributed with 90 degrees of freedom

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Answer Key 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. a 10. c 11. c 12. a 13. c 14. b 15. a 16. c 17. d 18. c 19. d 20. c 21. b 22. b 23. c 24. d 25. c 26. c 27. c 28. d 29. b 30. a 31. c 32. b 33. a 34. d 35. d 36. c 37. c 38. b

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.

b b b b a d a a d c d d c b a c c d a b b b a a d d b c b c b b c a d b c b

77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.

a d b d c b c a a b c d d a d c a c c b c a c d d c d b c c c a b d b d c b b

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