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Number Theory 0 - Prelim

- Number theory is considered the "queen of mathematics". Gauss was a famous mathematician who showed his genius at a young age by quickly solving a problem of adding all numbers from 1 to 100 that stumped his teacher. - Logic and sets can be used to prove statements through direct or inverse relationships as well as proving concepts like mathematical induction or through contradiction by showing an assumption leads to an absurd result. - Binomial expansion is an important mathematical concept covered in the document.

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Faris Zakwan
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84 views29 pages

Number Theory 0 - Prelim

- Number theory is considered the "queen of mathematics". Gauss was a famous mathematician who showed his genius at a young age by quickly solving a problem of adding all numbers from 1 to 100 that stumped his teacher. - Logic and sets can be used to prove statements through direct or inverse relationships as well as proving concepts like mathematical induction or through contradiction by showing an assumption leads to an absurd result. - Binomial expansion is an important mathematical concept covered in the document.

Uploaded by

Faris Zakwan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMBER THEORY

Chapter 0: Preliminary

Website
http://staff.iium.edu.my/pahchinhee/ Facebook page

GAUSS

MATHEMATICS IS THE QUEEN OF SCIENCES AND NUMBER THEORY IS THE QUEEN OF MATHEMATICS

Theres a popular story that Gauss , mathematician extraordinaire, had a lazy teacher. The so-called educator wanted to keep the kids busy so he could take a nap; he asked the class to add the numbers 1 to 100. Gauss approached with his answer: 5050. So soon? The teacher suspected a cheat, but no. Manual addition was for suckers, and Gauss found a formula to sidestep the problem:

Total=101100/2=5050

Total=67/2=21

Exercise
1+2+.+n ?

Sequence

Logic and Set


I am from Kuantan, therefore I am from Pahang I am from Pahang, therefore I am from Kuantan

I am CTS student, therefore I am Kulliyyah of Science student. I am Kulliyyah of Science student, therefore I am CTS student.

If raining, I am not going to school


Inverse: If not raining, then I am going to school. Converse: If I am not going to school, then it is raining. Contrapositive: If I am going to school, then no raining.

If I am CTS student, then I am Kulliyyah of Science student.


Inverse: Converse: Contrapositive:

Proof: Mathematical Induction

Working
P(1) is true P(N) is true then P(N+1) also true

Prove by Contradiction
The basic idea is to assume that the statement we want to prove is false, and then show that this assumption leads to nonsense. We are then led to conclude that we were wrong to assume the statement was false, so the statement must be true

Absurd!
- A rational number is not rational number. - The smallest element is not the smallest. - 1 is greater than 1. - An even number is odd. - A male is female. - divisible by 3 is not divisible by 3. - there is only n members, but we found 1 extra. - N has a non zero remainder when it is divided by 5, but found that N has zero remainder.

Example
There is no greatest even integer.

BINOMIAL EXPANSION

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