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(Lecture 1) Introduction Logic & Critical Thinking

Logic is defined as an organized body of knowledge that evaluates arguments. The goal of logic is to develop methods and principles to evaluate others' arguments and construct strong arguments. Studying logic increases confidence in making sense of arguments and presents ideas in an organized, testable manner. An argument consists of premises that provide support or reasons to believe a conclusion. Premises are statements that provide evidence, while conclusions are what the evidence implies. Important terms include inference, which is the reasoning process of an argument, and propositions, which are the meanings of statements.

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326 views

(Lecture 1) Introduction Logic & Critical Thinking

Logic is defined as an organized body of knowledge that evaluates arguments. The goal of logic is to develop methods and principles to evaluate others' arguments and construct strong arguments. Studying logic increases confidence in making sense of arguments and presents ideas in an organized, testable manner. An argument consists of premises that provide support or reasons to believe a conclusion. Premises are statements that provide evidence, while conclusions are what the evidence implies. Important terms include inference, which is the reasoning process of an argument, and propositions, which are the meanings of statements.

Uploaded by

Jay Noma Ramos
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGIC & CRITICAL THINKING

An Introduction

What is Logic?
Logic is defined as an organized body of knowledge (or a science) that evaluates arguments. The aim of logic is to develop a system of methods and principles that we may use as criteria for evaluating the arguments of others and as guides in constructing arguments of our own.

The benefits to be expected from the study of logic is an increase in confidence that we are making sense when we criticize the arguments of others and when we advance arguments of our own.
Logic enables us to present our ideas and claims in an organized manner and test their consistency in the practice of critical thinking.

What is an argument?
In its most basic for, an argument is a group of statements, one or more of which are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe a stated claim. An argument is composed of the premise(s) and a conclusion. The latter provides support, whereas the former is the statement that follows from it.

A statement (proposition) is a sentence that is either true or false in other words, typically a declarative sentence. In a strict sense, logic consider statements as true or false if and only if it is factual or a matter of fact rather than a mere statement of belief. Truth and falsity are what we call the two possible truth values of a statement.

Premises are the statements that set forth the reasons or evidence, whereas the conclusion is the statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.
PREMISES

All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

CONCLUSION

Important Technical Terms


An inference refers to the reasoning process expressed by an argument. A proposition is the meaning or information content of a statement.

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