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Strange Math

The document presents 15 equations that appear to demonstrate logical contradictions like 1=2. However, the equations contain subtle errors in algebra, calculus, limits, or order of operations that invalidate the conclusions. For example, one equation divides both sides of an equation by a term that equals zero, another takes the square root of a negative number without considering the complex plane, and others violate the commutative property or fail to consider undefined terms. Overall, the equations aim to appear paradoxical but contain mistakes that resolve the supposed contradictions.

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Jassim M Hussein
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82 views5 pages

Strange Math

The document presents 15 equations that appear to demonstrate logical contradictions like 1=2. However, the equations contain subtle errors in algebra, calculus, limits, or order of operations that invalidate the conclusions. For example, one equation divides both sides of an equation by a term that equals zero, another takes the square root of a negative number without considering the complex plane, and others violate the commutative property or fail to consider undefined terms. Overall, the equations aim to appear paradoxical but contain mistakes that resolve the supposed contradictions.

Uploaded by

Jassim M Hussein
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strange Math

Equation 1.
a=b
a2 = ab
a2 - b2 = ab - b2
(a - b)(a + b) = b(a - b)
a+b=b
2=1
Equation 2.
sqrt(-1) = sqrt(-1)
sqrt(-1/1) = sqrt(1/-1)
sqrt(-1) / sqrt(1) = sqrt(1) / sqrt(-1)
sqrt(-1)*sqrt(-1) = sqrt(1)*sqrt(1)
-1 = 1
Equation 3.
0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
0 = (1-1)+(1-1)+(1-1)...
0 = 1 + (-1+1) + (-1+1) + (-1+1)...
0 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0...
0=1
Equation 4.
Int( 1/x ) // Int = Indefinite integral
= Int( 1 * 1/x )
= x * 1/x - Int( x * ( -1/(x^2) ) ) // Integration by parts

= 1 + Int( 1/x ),
so that 0 = 1.

Equation 5.
1=1
1 = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
1 = 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 ...
1 = 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 ...
1 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 ...
1 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 ...
1=0
Equation 6a.
1 = 3 * 1/3 = 3 * .33333... = .99999....
Equation 6b.
1.00000.....
- 0.99999.....
--------------------0.00000.....
Equation 6c.
N = 0.99999...
10N = 9.9999....
9N = 9 (all decimal portion is cancelled out)
N=1
Equation 6d.
1) x = 3.99999...

2) 10 x = 39.99999... multiply both sides by 10.


3) 9 x = 36 subtract 1) from 2).
4) x = 4 divide both sides by 9.
5) 3.99999... = 4 substitute the value of x as given in 1)
Equation 7.
x*x = x + x + x + ... + x (x times)
d/dx (x*x) = d/dx ( x + x + x + ... + x )
d/dx (x*x) = d/dx (x) + d/dx (x) + ... d/dx (x)
2x = 1 + 1 + ... + 1
2x = x
2=1
Equation 8.
A = B <> 0
A^2 = A*B
A^2 - B^2 = A*B - B^2
(A+B)*(A-B) = B*(A-B)
A+B = B
B+B=B
2*B = 1*B
2=1
Equation 9.
x^2 - x^2 = x^2 - x^2
x(x-x) = (x+x)(x-x)
x=x+x
x = 2x
1=2
Equation 10.
Assume: x = y = 1;

x = y;
x^2 = xy;
x^2 - y^2 = xy = y^2
Factor the terms:
(x+y)(x-y) =(y)(x-y)
Factor out the duplicate terms:
(x+y) = (y)
1 + 1 = 1;
Therefore: 2 = 1!
Equation 11.
a/b + c/d = (ad + bc)/bd,
1 = 0 + 1 = 0/0 + 1/1 = (1*0 + 0*1)/(0*1) = 0/0 = 0
Therefore: 1 = 0
Equation 12.
a*a - a*a = a*a - a*a
(a+a)(a-a) = a(a-a)
a+a = a
Equation 13.
a=b
Next, multiply both sides by a:
a^2=ab
Now, subtract b^2 from both sides:
a^2-b^2=ab-b^2
Factor the equations:
(a+b)(a-b)=b(a-b)
Divide both sides by (a-b):
a+b=b
Since a=b, replace all of the b's with a's:
a+a=a
Simplify:
2a=a

Divide by a:
2=1

Equation 14.
Consider the equation:
Ax^2 + Bx + C = 0, with AC != 0
Ax^2 + Bx + C = 0 ---> x = (-B +- V(BB-4AC))/2A
divide by x^2
C (1/x)^2 + B (1/x) + A = 0 ---> 1/x = (-B +- V(BB-4AC))/2C
Dividing those two formulas gives:
x (-B +- V(BB-4AC)) / 2 A
-------- = -------------------------1/x (-B +- V(BB-4AC)) / 2 C
cancelling
x^2 = C / A
x = +- V(C/A)

Equation 15.
16 - 36 = 25 - 45 [both are -20 ]
4^2 - 2*4*9/2 + (9/2)^2 = 5^2 - 2*5*9/2 + (9/2)^2
[adding (9/2)^2 on both sides, rewriting 36 = 2*4*9/2, etc ]
(4 - 9/2)^2 = (5 - 9/2)^2
4 - 9/2 = 5 - 9/2 [ take square root of both sides ]
we get : 4 = 5 [adding 9/2 to each side]

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