58 LEXUS Technical Training

1. Describe the purpose of the parking brake system.

2. Explain the clutch spring and sleeve nut function in maintaining
the adjustment of the caliper parking brake.
3. Describe the procedure to reseat the piston of the caliper parking
brake during pad replacement.
4. Explain the operation of the exclusive parking brake assembly.
Section 6
PARKING BRAKE
Lesson Objectives
Parking Brake
The parking brake system is a secondary braking system used to hold a
parked car in position. They are applied independently of the service
brakes. Since there is no inertia to overcome, less braking power is
required to hold the vehicle stationary and less force is required to
apply. The application of only two of the four brake assemblies are
required to hold the vehicle.
There are three styles of rear parking brake systems. Two types use
the service brake and the other is an exclusive parking brake design.
The service type parking brake uses part of the ordinary service brake
mechanism and operates the shoe or piston mechanically.
The parking brake lever is located near the drivers seat. Pulling the
parking brake lever by hand or pressing the pedal with the foot,
operates the brake via a cable connected to the parking brake lever of
the brake assembly.
There are a number of different types of parking brake levers, as
shown below. Application depends upon the design of the drivers seat
and the desired operating effort.
The parking brake lever is provided with a ratchet locking mechanism to
maintain the lever at the position to which it was set, until released. Some
parking levers have an adjusting screw near the brake lever so the amount
of brake lever travel can be easily adjusted. Travel is determined by the
number of clicks of the ratchet mechanism found in the Repair Manual.
Parking Brake
Levers
A ratchet locking
mechanism holds the
lever in position when set.
Parking Brake
Mechanisms
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60 LEXUS Technical Training
The parking brake cable transmits the lever movement through a
typical series of components, as shown below, to the brake drum
subassembly. The Intermediate Lever multiplies the operating force to
the Equalizer. The Equalizer divides the lever operating force to brake
assemblies at both wheels. The two major parts may vary in design
however, their function remains the same.
Linkage Components
The intermediate lever
multiplies the operating
force to the equalizer.
The equalizer divides the
force to brake assemblies
at both wheels.
On all models using drum brakes on the rear, the cable pulls the
parking brake lever. The lever is attached to the secondary shoe at the
top and transfers the lever action to the primary shoe through the shoe
strut. When released, the brake shoe springs return the shoes to their
retracted position.
Drum Type Parking
Brake Components
The cable pulls the parking
brake lever and transfers the
lever action to the primary
shoe through the shoe strut.
Parking Brake
Linkage
Drum Parking Brake
Parking Brake
There are two types of rear wheel parking brake systems for disc
brakes. The first uses the brake caliper assembly to mechanically apply
pressure to the disc. The second type is an exclusive drum brake
assembly that applies pressure to an inside drum, which is an integral
part of the disc rotor.
The parking brake is built into the caliper housing and is provided
with an automatic adjusting mechanism to compensate for piston
movement as the brake pads wear.
Caliper Parking
Brake Assembly
The piston is mechanically
forced to engage the
pads to the rotor.
The automatic adjusting mechanism maintains the operating clearance
between the pads and the rotor as the pads wear down with use. The
primary assembly which makes this possible is the Sleeve Nut and
Adjusting Bolt. The Sleeve Nut is held by the Clutch Spring which
allows it to turn in one direction only. The diameter of the Clutch
Spring is slightly smaller than the diameter of the sleeve nut and
allows it to turn in the unwind direction only. The clutch spring is held
stationary with one end attached to the piston.
When the brake pedal is depressed, hydraulic pressure forces the
piston to move to the left. The movement of the Piston exerts pressure
on the Thrust Plate and Thrust Bearing against the Sleeve Nut
causing it to be screwed out from the stationary Adjusting Bolt. The
Sleeve Nut can be easily screwed out because the Clutch Spring
unwinds and therefore does not prevent the Sleeve Nut from rotating.
The distance that the Sleeve Nut screws out from the Adjusting Bolt is
equal to the amount of pad wear.
Disc Parking Brakes
Caliper Parking Brake
Automatic Adjusting
Mechanism
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62 LEXUS Technical Training
The piston head is provided with two recesses, one of which engages
with a pin that protrudes from the backing plate of the brake pad. This
pin prevents the piston from being rotated by the automatic adjuster.
The adjusting bolt stopper prevents the adjusting bolt from rotating.
The only part allowed to turn is the sleeve nut.
Piston Head Design
The pin on the brake pad
is indexed to the recess of
the piston head to prevent
the piston from rotating.
When brake pads are replaced, the piston with the sleeve nut must be
forcibly rotated into the cylinder with the Special Service Tool shown
below (SST 0971900020).
Rear Caliper Pad
Replacement
The piston must be
forcibly screwed into the
cylinder with the SST.
After pad replacement, the parking brake lever travel adjustment
should be performed. Depress the brake pedal several times to activate
the automatic adjustment within the caliper. Then adjust the cable for
the proper number of clicks of the hand brake lever.
Parking Brake
When the parking brake is applied, the cable attached to the parking
brake lever rotates the crank lever counterclockwise. The crank pin
then pushes the strut to the left. The strut moves the adjusting bolt,
sleeve nut, and piston toward the left. As the strut moves to the left, it
also compresses the adjusting bolt return spring. The assembly moves
until it presses the pads against the disc rotor.
Parking Brake
Operation
The crank pin pushes the
strut and adjusting bolt,
sleeve nut and piston
toward the disc rotor.
When the parking brake lever is released, the compressed Return
Spring pushes the Adjusting Bolt and Piston back to their previous
positions. As a result, the parking brake is released.
During this operation, the Clutch Spring prevents the rotation of the
Sleeve Nut so that the force of the parking brake lever is transferred to
the Piston via the Adjusting Bolt.
Parking Brake
Operation
Section 6
64 LEXUS Technical Training
The exclusive parking brake is found on the LandCruiser, Supra,
Celica, Previa, Avalon and Camry. As illustrated below, a drum brake
is cast into the disc rotor. The shoes and other components are similar
to a conventional dualservo drum brake system but smaller and with
no wheel cylinder.
Exclusive Parking
Brake Assembly
A pair of brake shoes are
mounted to the backing
plate and a brake drum is
cast into the disc rotor.
Activating the parking brake is similar to applying the parking brake
on conventional drum brakes. Adjustment to the exclusive parking
brake is done manually at the Shoe Adjusting Screw Set (Star Wheel)
and must be done periodically.
Exclusive Parking
Brake Components
Manual adjustment is made
at the Shoe Adjusting
Screw Set.
Exclusive Parking
Brake