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Electromagnetic Induction

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and transformers. It explains that an induced current is generated when a conductor moves through a magnetic field or is placed in a changing magnetic field. It describes Lenz's law, which states that the direction of the induced current will oppose the change that created it. It also explains how transformers work, including that a step-up transformer increases voltage while a step-down transformer decreases voltage, and that transformers are used to efficiently transmit power over long distances in a power grid system.

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239 views15 pages

Electromagnetic Induction

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and transformers. It explains that an induced current is generated when a conductor moves through a magnetic field or is placed in a changing magnetic field. It describes Lenz's law, which states that the direction of the induced current will oppose the change that created it. It also explains how transformers work, including that a step-up transformer increases voltage while a step-down transformer decreases voltage, and that transformers are used to efficiently transmit power over long distances in a power grid system.

Uploaded by

zaira_rq3551
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electromagnetic induction

Generating current in a conductor

Rules

The conductor is moving through a magnetic field

The conductor is placed in a changing magnetic field

Flemings right-hand rule

motion field

Induced current

Lenzs Law

direction of the induced e.m.f is such that its magnetic effects always opposed the change producing.

A wire ..

Lenzs Law

direction of the induced e.m.f is such that its magnetic effects always opposed the change producing.

A transformer

Primary coils Secondary coils

Symbol

Rules use

To determine the direction of flowing induced current

To determine the magnitude of the induced current

Faradays law of electromagnet induction:


The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux experienced by the conductor

Two types of induced current, that are ac and dc current.

Dc current , produced by dc generator

Ac current , produced by ac generator

I
1T

IP

IP = peak current T = time taken to make one complete cycle

A step-up transformer

NS > NP VS > VP

A step-down transformer

NS < NP VS < VP

In an ideal transformer power supply, VPIP = power used in Ns secondary coils, VSIS 0r Vs Vp Np Efficiency , efficiency

useful output power input power

x 100 %

Application

National Grid Network


400 kV transmission 132 kV 33 kV
Heavy industry

11 kV
Light industry

240 V

240 V My house

Buildings

Step-up transforme
r

Step-down
transformer

Transformer substation ( step-down )

33 kV Power plant

Four main causes for the loss of power in the transformer

causes Heat effect in the coils Eddy currents in the iron core Magnetization and demagnetization of the core

Way to reduce Use a thicker wires made of a good conductor Use a laminated core Use a soft iron for the core

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