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DBMS Normalization

The document discusses database normalization and SQL. It defines first, second, and third normal forms, which ensure tables are properly structured without unnecessary duplication or dependencies. It also covers one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. Finally, it provides an overview of SQL and how it is used with relational databases, separating data definition language (DDL) from data manipulation language (DML).

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75% found this document useful (4 votes)
15K views

DBMS Normalization

The document discusses database normalization and SQL. It defines first, second, and third normal forms, which ensure tables are properly structured without unnecessary duplication or dependencies. It also covers one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. Finally, it provides an overview of SQL and how it is used with relational databases, separating data definition language (DDL) from data manipulation language (DML).

Uploaded by

yehsan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Normalization

•The concept of normal forms is used to


design and judge the quality of design of
databases.

•The higher numbered normal forms have


all the goodness qualities of the lower
forms.
First Normal Form (1 NF)
If data is stored in tables then 1st Normal Form
or 1 NF is achieved.
2 NF
A Database is in second normal form if it is in
first normal form and every attribute (field) is
fully dependent on the primary key.

A 1 NF record with a single field primary key is


already in 2 NF.
3 NF
A record is in 3 NF if it is in 2 NF and NO non-
key field is dependent on another non-key field.
Relationships
One : One (1:1)

ONE Student has only ONE Roll no.


ONE Computer has only ONE mac address
ONE Person has only ONE Pan Card
One : Many (1:M)
ONE Mother has MANY children
ONE Book has MANY pages
ONE House has MANY windows
Many : Many (M:M)
ONE Institute has MANY faculty members &
ONE faculty member teaches in MANY institutes.

ONE Bank has MANY account holders &


ONE account holder holds accounts in MANY
Banks.
Structured Query Language
(SQL)
SQL is the most popular declarative language
used to work with Relational Databases.
Originally developed by IBM
There are two parts of SQL
DDL
DML
Data Definition Language
(DDL)
DDL is a subset of SQL that is used to define
tables (database structure) and other metadata
related things. Few basic commands include:

CREATE DATABASE
CREATE TABLE
DROP TABLE
ALTER TABLE
Data Manipulation
Language (DML)
Standard subset of SQL that is used for data
manipulation.

INSERT
SELECT
UPDATE
DELETE

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