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Digital Signal Processing: Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals

This document discusses digital signal processing concepts related to sampling continuous-time signals. It covers topics such as: - Analog to digital conversion and the process of sampling a continuous signal. - How periodic sampling works in both the time and frequency domains. - The Nyquist theorem as it relates to sampling rates and signal bandwidth. - Concepts like oversampling, undersampling (aliasing), reconstruction in the frequency domain. - Downsampling and upsampling processes, and how to avoid aliasing through low-pass filtering.

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Hussam Gujjar
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44 views

Digital Signal Processing: Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals

This document discusses digital signal processing concepts related to sampling continuous-time signals. It covers topics such as: - Analog to digital conversion and the process of sampling a continuous signal. - How periodic sampling works in both the time and frequency domains. - The Nyquist theorem as it relates to sampling rates and signal bandwidth. - Concepts like oversampling, undersampling (aliasing), reconstruction in the frequency domain. - Downsampling and upsampling processes, and how to avoid aliasing through low-pass filtering.

Uploaded by

Hussam Gujjar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal Processing

Lecture

Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals

1. Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Sampling

A-to-D Conversion

D-to-A Conversion

xc (t )

x[n]
D

xc (nT )

DSP

y[n] yr (nT )

yr (t )
C

Sampling

Periodic sampling

Periodic sampling: Time domain

Periodic sampling: Frequency domain

Periodic sampling: Frequency domain

Original signal
xc (t ) cos 4000t
2 3

Aliased signal
xc (t ) cos 1000t

0
1 0.5ms 2000

2
1 2ms 500

f0 signal

4 3

f0' signal

Nyquist Theorem

Oversampling

Undersampling (Aliasing Distortion)

Reconstruction (Frequency Domain)

Nyquist Theorem

Band-limited interpolation

Reconstruction Time Domain

Band-limited interpolation

Ideal D/C and C/D

DT processing of continuous time signals

Downsampling in time-domain

decim

Downsampling

Downsampling
1

Xc(jW)

-WN
1/T

WN X (w)

Sample the analog bandlimited signal every T time units Downsampling by M generates baseband plus M-1 copies of baseband per period of frequency domain

-2

-/2
1 MT

/2 X d(w)

wWT

M=3

-3/2

3/2 2

wWT

Aliasing occurs: avoid aliasing by prefiltering with lowpass filter with gain of 1 and cutoff of /M to extract baseband

Downsampling in Frequency-domain

Aliasing and pre-filtering

Upsampling

Upsampling

Aliasing and pre-filtering

One-Dimensional Upsampling
1

Xc(jW)

-WN
1/T

WN X (w)

Sample the analog bandlimited signal every T time units Upsampling by L gives L images of baseband per 2 period of w Apply lowpass interpolation filter with gain of L and cutoff of /L to extract baseband
Fig. 3.22 Oppenheim & Schafer, 1989.

-2

-
1/T

2 X u(w) = X(L w)

wWT

-5/L -3/L

-/L

1/T = L/T

/L X i(w)

3/L

wWT

-2

-/L

/L

2 wWT

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

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