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    Himalaya

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    Anjali Shergil
    The Himalayas formed from the collision of the Indian plate with Eurasia. This collision began in the Eocene and India is still pushing northward into Asia today. The Himalayas contain the world's youngest and highest mountains, with the fastest uplift rates and greatest relative relief. The range exposes rocks representing ocean floors, island arcs, and continental fragments accreted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean since the Late Triassic.

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    Himalaya

    Uploaded by

    Anjali Shergil
    244 views7 pages
    The Himalayas formed from the collision of the Indian plate with Eurasia. This collision began in the Eocene and India is still pushing northward into Asia today. The Himalayas contain the world's youngest and highest mountains, with the fastest uplift rates and greatest relative relief. The range exposes rocks representing ocean floors, island arcs, and continental fragments accreted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean since the Late Triassic.

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    The Himalayas formed from the collision of the Indian plate with Eurasia. This collision began in the Eocene and India is still pushing northward into Asia today. The Himalayas contain the world's youngest and highest mountains, with the fastest uplift rates and greatest relative relief. The range exposes rocks representing ocean floors, island arcs, and continental fragments accreted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean since the Late Triassic.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    244 views7 pages

    Himalaya

    Uploaded by

    Anjali Shergil
    The Himalayas formed from the collision of the Indian plate with Eurasia. This collision began in the Eocene and India is still pushing northward into Asia today. The Himalayas contain the world's youngest and highest mountains, with the fastest uplift rates and greatest relative relief. The range exposes rocks representing ocean floors, island arcs, and continental fragments accreted during the closure of the Tethys Ocean since the Late Triassic.

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    of 7

    Himalaya

    the Himalaya provides a good look at c-c collisions world's youngest and highest mountain range world's fastest uplift rate (10 mm/a at Nanga Parbat) world's maximum relative relief (>6,000 m, Indus Valley) world's largest high plateau (Tibet, >5,000 m) (nice feature!) produced from almost orthogonal collision tectonic development in brief:
    Late Triassic: North Tibet collided with Eurasia, Paleotethys Ocean closed, Kun Lun Range initiated Jurassic to Early Tertiary: several oceans (or arms of oceans) opened and closed; terranes were moved across Tethys to the north Eocene: Neotethys Ocean closing, India collided with Eurasia Eocene to Holocene: India still pushing north into Asia.

    Himalaya: a transect
    Tarim Basin
    Northern Suture

    Kohistan Tibetan Plateau

    Karakorum Batholith Trans-Himalayan Batholith Tethyan sedimentary rocks Miocene granite Central Crystallines Lower Himalaya Outer crystalline klippen Siwalik - SubHimalaya

    Trans-Himalaya Higher Himalaya

    Lower Himalaya

    IZS

    Karakorum Range
    between Kun Lun and Northern Suture remains of an Andean margin, thrusted to south over arc remnants

    Northern Suture
    belt of mlange, mafic and ultramafic rocks, slate

    Himalaya: a transect
    Tarim Basin
    Northern Suture

    Kohistan Tibetan Plateau

    Karakorum Batholith Trans-Himalayan Batholith Tethyan sedimentary rocks Miocene granite Central Crystallines Lower Himalaya Outer crystalline klippen Siwalik - SubHimalaya

    Trans-Himalaya Higher Himalaya

    Lower Himalaya

    IZS

    Trans-Himalaya
    plutonic belt, comprising Andean batholiths diverges in the west around the Ladakh-Kohistan arc Cretaceous Kangdese (Gandse) granite - subduction of Tethyan ocean floor

    Indus-Zangbo (Yarlung-Tsangpo) suture zone


    narrow discontinuous belt of ophiolite, blueschist facies rocks at the ends; forearc rocks in the central Himalaya

    Himalaya: cross-section
    Siwaliks Outer Crystalline Nappe Central Crystallines MCT Miocene Granite Ophiolite klippe IZS Cretaceous batholiths in PZ seds

    Karakorum Range, former Andean margin Trans-Himalaya, plutonic belt, NeoTethyan Andean batholiths Indus-Zangbo (Yarlung-Tsangpo) suture zone
    narrow discontinuous belt of ophiolite, blueschist facies rocks at the ends; forearc rocks in the central Himalaya Jungbwa ophiolite - overthrust to the south preserved as a klippe not typical MORB - likely a shortlived arc back-arc floor

    Tarim Basin
    Northern Suture

    Kohistan Tibetan Plateau

    Karakorum Batholith Trans-Himalayan Batholith Tethyan sedimentary rocks Miocene granite Central Crystallines Lower Himalaya Outer crystalline klippen Siwalik - SubHimalaya

    Trans-Himalaya Higher Himalaya Lower Himalaya

    IZS

    Higher Himalaya
    Central Crystalline Belt - core zone amphibolite facies gneiss Indian in origin, basement + cover Tethys Himalaya - stack of south-vergent thrust sheets complete 10 km thick Cambrian to Eocene sequence sedimentary rocks on northern margin of protoIndia allochthonous ophiolitic rocks - derived from Indus-Zangbo suture zone, preserved as klippen. Immature ophiolites. granite plutons - very high 87Sr/86Sr ratios derived from melting of crust.

    Tarim Basin
    Northern Suture

    Kohistan Tibetan Plateau

    Karakorum Batholith Trans-Himalayan Batholith Tethyan sedimentary rocks Miocene granite Central Crystallines Lower Himalaya Outer crystalline klippen Siwalik - SubHimalaya

    Trans-Himalaya Higher Himalaya Lower Himalaya

    IZS

    Lower Himalaya
    below Main Central Thrust, above Main Boundary Thrust Proterozoic to Lower Paleozoic Indian miogeoclinal rocks thrust south on to India inverted isograds (hot thrusts)

    Sub-Himalaya

    7 km thick unmetamorphosed molasse (Siwalik Molasse) Oligocene to Holocene deformation (offset river terraces) carried on Main Frontal Thrust Ganga (Indogangetic) Plain - Indus-Ganges River, undeformed.

    Himalaya: cross-section
    Siwaliks Outer Crystalline Nappe Central Crystallines MCT Miocene Granite Ophiolite klippe IZS Cretaceous batholiths in PZ seds

    Higher Himalaya
    Central Crystalline Belt - core zone: Indian basement & cover Tethys Himalaya - thrust stack, northern Indian margin allochthonous ophiolitic rocks - Jungbwa ophiolite granite plutons - Miocene crustal melting Lower Himalaya - lower parts of Indian miogeocline Sub-Himalaya - unmetamorphosed molasse (Siwalik Molasse)

    Ganga (Indogangetic) Plain

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