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Stadia Principles

Stadia principles provide a rapid method for measuring distances using a theodolite, transit, or level. Stadia works based on trigonometric principles of similar triangles. Stadia lines etched on the telescope reticle correspond to a given distance, such as 1/100 of the focal distance. The horizontal and vertical distances between points can be calculated using the stadia line measurements and focal distance ratio provided by the manufacturer.

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674 views6 pages

Stadia Principles

Stadia principles provide a rapid method for measuring distances using a theodolite, transit, or level. Stadia works based on trigonometric principles of similar triangles. Stadia lines etched on the telescope reticle correspond to a given distance, such as 1/100 of the focal distance. The horizontal and vertical distances between points can be calculated using the stadia line measurements and focal distance ratio provided by the manufacturer.

Uploaded by

syarifah_arina
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STADIA PRINCIPLES

DEFINITION OF STADIA

A rapid and efficient method of measuring distances. Not accurate for high order surveys, but is accurate enough for trigonometric leveling, locating topographic details, and some traverses. Stadia readings can be taken with theodolites, transits, and levels.

THEORY

Stadia works because of the trigonometric principle of similar triangles

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Stadia lines are etched on the telescope reticle at a given distance apart. Use the stadia lines to measure the target distance and elevation. The stadia lines on the telescope reticle correspond to the focal distance. This ratio will always be supplied by the manufacturer of the equipment. For most levels, transits, and theodolites the stadia lines correspond to one hundredth (1/100) of the focal distance.

TELESCOPE HORIZONTAL

The horizontal distance between a and b: L = 100 x l The height difference between a and b: h = h1 - h2

TELESCOPE NOT HORIZONTAL

Tacheometry

This method of survey consists of using either a level, theodolite or specially constructed tacheometer to make cross hair intercept readings on a levelling staff. As the angle subtended by the crosshairs is known, the distance can be calculated.

Definition
Tacheometry is an optical solution to the measurement of distance. The word is derived from the Greek Tacns, meaning 'swift', and metrot, meaning 'a measure'. Present day methods of tacheometry can be classified in one of the following three groups. The last two groups will not be covered in these notes. Stadia System: The theodolite is directed at the level staff and the distance is measured by reading the top and bottom stadia hairs on the telescope view. For further information about this process is provided in Theodolite Tacheometry

Electronic Tacheometry: Uses a total station which contains an EDM, able to read distance by reflecting off a prism.

Subtense Bar system: An accurate theodolite, reading to 1" of arc, is directed at a staff, two pointings being made and the small subtended angle measured.

Optical Wedge system: A special theodolite with a measuring device in front of the telescope s directed at a staff. One pointing of the instrument is required for each set of readings.

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