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Coordinate Geometry: y MX + C, Where M Is The Gradient and C Is The

The document discusses key concepts in coordinate geometry including: 1) The equation of a straight line and properties of parallel and perpendicular lines. 2) Finding the gradient, midpoint, and equation of a line passing through two points. 3) The equation of a circle given its center and radius. 4) Finding the point of intersection between two lines by solving their equations simultaneously. 5) Finding the equation of the perpendicular bisector of a line segment.

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100 views1 page

Coordinate Geometry: y MX + C, Where M Is The Gradient and C Is The

The document discusses key concepts in coordinate geometry including: 1) The equation of a straight line and properties of parallel and perpendicular lines. 2) Finding the gradient, midpoint, and equation of a line passing through two points. 3) The equation of a circle given its center and radius. 4) Finding the point of intersection between two lines by solving their equations simultaneously. 5) Finding the equation of the perpendicular bisector of a line segment.

Uploaded by

shahzaiblatafat12
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The equation of a straight line can be written as y = mx + c, where m is the gradient and c is the intercept with the vertical

axis. Lines are parallel if they have the same gradient. Two lines are perpendicular if the product of their gradients is -1.
The distance between the points with coordinates

The gradient of a line passing through the points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 )


y y1 is 2 . x2 x1

The equation of the straight line with gradient m that passes through the point ( x1 , y1 ) is y y1 = m( x x1 ) . If the gradient of a line is m, then the gradient of a perpendicular line is
1 . m

Coordinate Geometry
The midpoint of the line joining the points

( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 )

is

( x2 x1 )

+ ( y2 y1 ) .
2

( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 )

x + x y + y2 is 1 2 , 1 . 2 2

The equation of a circle centre (a, b) with radius r is ( x a )2 + ( y b) 2 = r 2 . Example: Find the centre and the radius of the circle with equation x 2 + 2 x + y 2 6 x + 6 = 0 . Solution: We begin by writing x 2 + 2 x in completed square form: 2 2 2 x 2 + 2 x = ( x + 1) 1 = ( x + 1) 1 . We then write y 2 6 x in completed square form: y 2 6 x = ( y 3) 2 32 = ( y 3) 2 9 . So we can rewrite the equation of the circle as
( x + 1) 2 1 + ( y 3) 2 9 + 6 = 0 ( x + 1) 2 + ( y 3) 2 = 4 . i.e. This is a circle centre (-1, 3), radius 2.

Example: Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line joining the points (3, 2) and (5, -6). Solution: The midpoint of the line joining (3, 2) and
, (5, -6) is , i.e. ( 4, 2 ) . 2 2 The gradient of the line joining these two points 3 + 5 2 + (6)

Example: Find the point of intersection of the lines: 2x + y = 3 and y = 3x 1. Solution: To find the point of intersection we need to solve the equations and simultaneously. We can substitute into equation : 2x + (3x 1) = 3 i.e. 5x 1 = 3 i.e. x = 4/5 Substituting this into equation : y = 3(4/5) 1 = 7/5. Therefore the lines intersect at the point (4/5, 7/5).

is:

The equation of the perpendicular bisector must therefore be 1 4 = 1 4 . We need the equation of the line through (4, -2) with gradient . This is
y (2) = 1 4 ( x 4) 1 y + 2 = 4 x 1 y=1 x3 4

6 2 8 = = 4 . 53 2

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