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Experiment No.1 (Basic Signals) : 'Amplitude - ' ' (A) N - '

The document describes 7 experiments involving basic signal processing concepts like generating unit impulse, step, ramp and exponential signals, discrete convolution and correlation, trigonometric sequences, matrix inverse, eigen values and vectors, determinant, and fast Fourier transform. It includes the MATLAB code used in each experiment and the output generated from running the code.

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Garima Mehra
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56 views15 pages

Experiment No.1 (Basic Signals) : 'Amplitude - ' ' (A) N - '

The document describes 7 experiments involving basic signal processing concepts like generating unit impulse, step, ramp and exponential signals, discrete convolution and correlation, trigonometric sequences, matrix inverse, eigen values and vectors, determinant, and fast Fourier transform. It includes the MATLAB code used in each experiment and the output generated from running the code.

Uploaded by

Garima Mehra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

1
t=-2:1:2; y=[zeros(1,2),ones(1,1),zeros(1,2)]; subplot(2,2,1); stem(t,y); ylabel('amplitude -->'); xlabel('(a) n -->');

(BASIC SIGNALS)

a) %PROGRAM FOR THE GENERATION OF UNIT IMPULSE SIGNAL

b) %PROGRAM FOR THE GENERATION OF UNIT STEP SEQUENCE [U(N)- U(N-N)] n=input('Enter the value of n'); t=0:1:n-1; y1=ones(1,n); subplot(2,2,2); stem(t,y1); ylabel('amplitude -->'); xlabel('(b) n -->'); c) %PROGRAM FOR GENERATION OF RAMP SEQUENCE n1=input('Enter the length of ramp sequence'); t=0:n1; subplot(2,2,3); stem(t,t); ylabel('amplitude -->'); xlabel('(c) n -->'); d) %PROGRAM FOR GENERATION OF EXPONENTIAL SEQUENCE n3=input('enter the length of exponential sequence'); t=0:n3; a=input('Enter the value of a'); y3=exp(a*t); subplot(2,2,4); stem(t,y3); ylabel('amplitude -->'); xlabel('(d) n -->');

OUTPUTS

1 amplitude --> -1 0 (a) n --> 1 2 amplitude -->

0.5

0.5

0 -2

2 (b) n -->

8 amplitude --> amplitude --> 6 4 2 0

1500

1000

500

4 (c) n -->

4 (d) n -->

EXPERIMENT NO.2 (DISCRETE CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION)


a) % PROGRAM FOR THE LINEAR CONVOLUTION OF THE SEQUENCE clc; clear all; close all; x=input('Enter the first seq:'); h=input('Enter the second seq:'); y=conv(x,h); figure; subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(a) n-->'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(b) n-->'); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(c) n-->'); disp('The resultant signal is:');

OUTPUT: Enter the first seq:[1 2] Enter the second seq:[1 2 4] The resultant signal is: y= 1 4 8 8

amplitude-->

2 1 0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5 (a) n-->

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

amplitude-->

4 2 0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2 (b) n-->

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

amplitude-->

10 5 0

1.5

2.5 (c) n-->

3.5

b) % PROGRAM FOR COMPUTING CROSS CORRELATION OF THE SEQUENCES clc; clear all; close all; x=input('Enter the first seq:'); h=input('Enter the second seq:'); y=xcorr(x,h); figure; subplot(3,1,1); stem(x); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(a) n-->'); subplot(3,1,2); stem(h); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(b) n-->'); subplot(3,1,3); stem(y); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(c) n-->'); disp('The resultant signal is:');y

OUTPUT Enter the first seq:[1 2] Enter the second seq:[2 3 7 5] The resultant signal is: y= 5.0000 17.0000 17.0000 8.0000 4.0000 0 0

amplitude-->

2 1 0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5 (a) n-->

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

amplitude-->

10 5 0

1.5

2.5 (b) n-->

3.5

amplitude-->

20 10 0

4 (c) n-->

c) %PROGRAM FOR COMPUTING AUTO CORRELATION OF THE SEQUENCES clc; clear all; close all; x=input('Enter the seq:'); y=xcorr(x,x); figure; subplot(2,1,1); stem(x); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(a) n-->'); subplot(2,1,2); stem(y); ylabel('amplitude-->'); xlabel('(b) n-->'); disp('The resultant signal is:');y

OUTPUT: Enter the seq:[1 2 3 4] The resultant signal is: y= 4.0000 11.0000 20.0000 30.0000 20.0000 11.0000 4.0000

4 amplitude--> 3 2 1 0

1.5

2.5 (a) n-->

3.5

30 amplitude-->

20

10

4 (b) n-->

EXPERIMENT NO.3 (TRIGNOMETRIC SEQUENCES)


% WRITE A PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT SINE, COSINE WAVEFORM clc; N=30; x=ones(1,N); n=0:1:N-1; subplot(3,1,1);stem(x); ylabel('x(n)');xlabel('n---->'); title('Unit step sequence'); y=sin(.1*pi*n); subplot(3,1,2);stem(y); ylabel('x(n)');xlabel('n---->'); title('Sine function'); z=cos(.1*pi*n); subplot(3,1,3);stem(z); ylabel('x(n)');xlabel('n---->'); title('Cosine function');

OUTPUT
Impulse,sine &cosine

EXPERIMENT NO.4 (MATRIX INVERSE)


%PROGRAM TO COMPUTE INVERSE OF MATRIX EQUATION Ax=Y clc; clear all; close all; A=input('Enter a square matrix A'); [m,n]=size(A); if(m==n) Y=input('Enter another matrix Y having size of columns equal to no. of rows of matrix A'); [q,r]=size(Y); if(n==q) disp('The inverse of the matrix equation Ax=Y'); disp('x (using inverse (inv) function) = '); disp(inv(A)*Y); disp('x(using matrix left division "\" operator or midivision(A,Y)function)= '); disp(A\Y); else disp('The size of the columns of given matrix Y is not equal to the no. of rows of square matrix A'); end else disp('Given matrix A is not a square matrix '); end

%OUTPUT
Enter a square matrix A[5 9 55;3 6 2;20 15 87] Enter another matrix Y having size of columns equal to no. of rows of matrix A [2 6;1 5;9 7] The inverse of the matrix equation Ax=Y x (using inverse (inv) function) = 0.4877 -0.2677 -0.0788 0.9759 0.0049 -0.0263 x(using matrix left division "\" operator or midivision(A,Y)function)= 0.4877 -0.2677 -0.0788 0.9759 0.0049 -0.0263

EXPERIMENT NO.5 (MATRIX EIGEN)


%PROGRAM TO COMPUTE EIGEN VALUES AND EIGEN VECTORS OF A MATRIX clc; clear all; close all; A = input('Enter a square matrix A'); [m,n]=size(A); if(m==n) [V,D]=eig(A); disp('Eigen Vectors = '); disp(V); disp('Matrix of Eigen Values = '); disp(D); disp('Vector of Eigen Values = '); disp(eig(A)); else disp('Given Matrix A is not a Square Matrix '); end

%OUTPUT Enter a square matrix A[5 6 4;9 1 66;22 10 3] Eigen Vectors = -0.2287 -0.3718 0.2113 -0.8756 0.9241 -0.9484 -0.4254 -0.0887 0.2364 Matrix of Eigen Values = 35.4129 0 0 0 -8.9574 0 0 0 -17.4555 Vector of Eigen Values = 35.4129 -8.9574 -17.4555

EXPERIMENT NO.6 (MATRIX DETERMINANT)


%PROGRAM TO COMPUTE DETERMINANT OF A MATRIX clc; clear all; close all; A = input('Enter a square Matrix A'); [m,n]=size(A); if(m==n) disp('Determinant of Matrix A = '); disp(det(A)); else disp('Given Matrix is not a Square Matrix'); end

%OUTPUT Enter a square Matrix A [5 2 6; 10 63 98;1 3 8] Determinant of Matrix A = 888

EXPERIMENT NO.7 (FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM)


%PROGRAM TO COMPUTE FAST FOURIER YTRANSFORM(FFT) clc; n=input('Enter the number of points:'); x=input('Enter the sequence:'); z=fft(x,n); disp('FFT of the input sequence is:');z subplot(2,1,1);stem(real(x),imag(x)); xlabel('real');ylabel('imaginary'); subplot(2,1,2);stem(real(z),imag(z)); xlabel('real');ylabel('imaginary');

%OUTPUT Input sequence, x(n):[4 5 7 9 10] z= Columns 1 through 4 35.0000 Column 5 -4.3090 - 5.9309i -4.3090 + 5.9309i -3.1910 + 1.0368i -3.1910 - 1.0368i

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