www.sakshieducation.

com

MATRICES -2
EXERCISE 3(D)
1.

Find the determinants of the following matrices.

2 1
i)

1 5
Sol. det A = ad bc = 2(5) 1(1) = 10 1 = 11

4 5
6 2

Sol. det A = 4 2 (6) 5 = 8 + 30 = 38

ii)

i 0
iii)

0 i
Sol. det A = i2 0 = 1 0 = 1

0 1 1
iv) 1 0 1
1 1 0
Sol. det A = 0(0 1) 1(0 1) + 1(1 0)
=1+1=2
1 4 2
v) 2 1 4
3 7 6
Sol. det A = 1(6 28) 4(12 + 12) + 2(14 3)
= 34 96 + 22 = 108
1 4 2
vi) 2 1 4
3 7 6
Sol. det A = 2(3 2) + 1(4 1) + 4(8 + 3)
= 10 + 3 + 44 = 37
1 2 3
vii) a 1 7
2 4 6
Sol. det A = 0 since R1 and R3 are proportional.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

a h g
viii) h b f
g f c
Sol. det A = a(bc f 2 ) h(ch fg) + g(hf bg)
= abc af 2 ch 2 + fgh + fgh bg 2
= abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2

a b c
ix) b c a
c a b
Sol. det A = a(bc a 2 ) b(b 2 ac) + c(ab c 2 )
= abc a 3 b3 + abc + abc c3
= 3abc a 3 b3 c3

12
2
2
2
3

32

32 42
x)

42 52
1 4 9
Sol. det A = 4 9 16
9 16 25
= 1(225 256) 4(100 144) + 9(64 81)
22

= 31 + 176 153 = 184 + 176 = 8

1 0 0
2. If A= 2 3 4 and det A = 45, then find x.
5 6 x
1 0 0
Sol. det A = 45 2 3 4 = 45
5 6 x
3x + 24 = 45 3x 45 + 24 = 0
3x 21 = 0 x =

21
=7
3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
II.

bc b + c 1
1.

Show that ca

c + a 1 = (a b)(b c)(c a)

ab a + b 1
bc b + c 1
Sol. L.H.S. = ca

c+a 1

ab a + b 1

bc
b+c 1
R 2 R 2 R1
= c(a b) a b 0 by
R 3 R 3 R1
b(a c) a c 0
bc b + c 1
1
0
= (a b)(a c) c
b
1
0
= (a b) (a c) (c b)
[expanding on 3rd column]
= (a b) (b c) (c a) = R.H.S.

2.

b+c c+a a+b

Show that a + b b + c c + a = a3 + b3 + c3 3abc.
a
b
c

b+c c+a a+b

Sol. a + b b + c c + a
a
b
c
R1 R1 + R 3
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
=

a+b

b+c

a
b
R 2 R 2 R1

c+a
c

a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c

=

c
a

a
b

b
c

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

= (a + b + c) c a b
a

= (a + b + c)[(ac + b 2 )
(c2 + ab) + (bc + a 2 )]
= (a + b + c)(ac + b 2 + c 2 ab bc + a 2 )
= (a + b + c)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ab bc ca)
= a 3 + b3 + c3 3abc

3.

Show that

y+z

z+x

x+y

= 4xyz .

Sol. L.H.S. = (y + z)[(z + x) (x + y) yz] x[y(x + y) yz] + x[yz z(z + x)]

= (y + z)(zx + yz + x 2 + xy yz)

x(xy + y 2 yz) + x(yz z 2 zx)

= (y + z)(zx + x 2 + xy) x(xy + y 2 yz)
+ x(yz z 2 zx)
= xyz + x 2 y + xy 2 + xz 2 + x 2 z + xyz
x 2 y xy 2 + xyz + xyz xz 2 x 2 z
= 4xyz
a
4.

a 2 1 + a3

If b b 2 1 + b3 = 0 , then show that abc = 1.

1 + c3

c2

Hint : If each element in row (column) of a square matrix is the sum of two numbers,
then its discriminant can be expressed as the sum of discriminants of two square
matrices.
a a 2 1 a a 2 a3
Sol. L.H.S = b b 2 1 + b b 2

c2 1

c2

b3
c3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1 a2
= 1 b2

a2

1 a

b + abc 1 b b 2

1 c2

1 c

c2

1 a

a2

1 a

a2

= 1 b b 2 + abc 1 b b 2
1 c

c2

c2

1 c

1 a

a2

= (1 + abc) 1 b b 2 = 0
1 c

c2

1 + abc = 0 abc = 1
III.
1. Show that
a + b + 2c

a
b + c + 2a

b
= 2(a + b + c)3
b
c + a + 2b

Sol. L.H.S. C1 C1 + (C2 + C3)

2(a + b + c)
a

b
= 2(a + b + c) b + c + 2a
b
2(a + b + c)
a
c + a + 2b
1
a
= 2(a + b + c) 1 b + c + 2a
1

b
b
c + a + 2b

(R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 R1)

1
a
b
0
= 2(a + b + c) 0 a + b + c
0

a+b+c

= 2(a + b + c)(a + b + c)

= 2(a + b + c)3 = R.H.S

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
2.

Show that

b c

2bc a 2

c2

b2

c2

2ca b 2

a2

b2

a2

2ab c 2

b c a =
c a b
a

= (a 3 + b3 + c3 3abc) 2 .

b c

Sol. b c a

c a

= a(bc a 2 ) b(b 2 ac) + c(ab c 2 )

= abc a 3 b3 + abc + abc c3
= (a 3 + b3 + c3 3abc)

b c

b c

...(1)

b c

b c a = b c ab c a
c a

c a

c a

a b c
a b c
= b c a ( ) c a b
c a

b c a

a b c a b c
=b c a c
a
b
c a b b
c
a
=

2bc a 2

c2

b2

c2

2ca b 2

a2

b2

a2

2ab c 2

From (1), (2) we get

2
2bc a 2
a b c
b c a =
c a b

(2)

c2

b2

c2

2ca b 2

a2

b2

a2

2ab c2

(a 3 + b3 + c3 3abc) 2

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

3.

a 2 + 2a 2a + 1 1
Show that 2a + 1 a + 2 1 = (a 1)3 .
3
3
1

a2 1 a 1 0
R1 R1 R 2
Sol. L.H.S. = 2(a 1) a 1 0
R R 2 R3
3
3
1 2
a +1 1 0
= (a 1) 2 1 0
3 3 1
2

= (a 1) 2 [0(6 3) 0[3(a + 1) 3) + 1(a + 1 2)

= (a 1) 2 (a 1) = (a 1)3 = R.H.S.

4.

Show that a

a3

c
c2 = abc (a b)(b c)(c a).

b3

c3

1
Sol. L.H.S. abc a

1
b

1
c

a2

b2

c2

0
= abc a b
a 2 b2

0
bc
b2 c2

0
= abc(a b)(b c) 1

1
C1 C1 C2
c
C 2 C 2 C3
c2
0
1

1
c

a + b b + c c2
= abc(a b)(b c)[0(c 2 c(b + c) 0(c 2 c(a + b) + 1(b + c a b)]
= abc(a b)(b c)(c a)

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

5.

2a a + b c + a
Show that a + b 2b b + c = 4(a + b)(b + c)(c + a).
c + a c + b 2c

2a a + b c + a
Sol. Let = a + b 2b b + c
c + a c + b 2c
2a
0
c+a
2a a + c
Let a + b = 0, then = 0
c + a c a 2c
Apply R1 R1 + R3, R3 R3 + R2
c a c a c + a
= 0
2a a + c
c+a c+a

c a

1
1 1
= (c a)(c + a) 0 2a c a = 0 ( R1 R 3 )
1 1
1
(c + a) is a factor for .
Similarly a + b, b + c are also factors of .
is a third degree expression in a, b, c.
k(a + b)(b + c)(c + a), where k is a non-zero scalar.
Put a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, then
2 2 2
2 2 2 = k(1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1)
2 2 2
2(4 4) 2(4 4) + 2(4 + 4) = 8k
16 + 16 = 8k k = 4
= 4(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
Hence
2a a + b a + c

a + b 2b b + c = 4(a + b)(b + c)(c + a).

a + c b + c 2c

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

6.

a b bc ca
Show that b c c a a b = 0 .
ca a b bc

Sol .

0
0
0
L.H.S. = b c c a a b = 0
ca a b bc

By R1 R1 + (R2 + R3)
1 a a 2 bc
7.

Show that 1 b b 2 ca = 0 .

1 c

c 2 ab

R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 R2
1
a
a 2 bc
Sol. L.H.S. 0 b a b 2 a 2 + bc ca

0 cb

c2 b 2 + ac ab

1 a a 2 bc
= (b a)(c b) 0 1 a + b + c
0 1 a+b+c
= (b a)(c b) 0 (R 2 , R 3 are identical)
= 0 = R.H.S.

8.

x a a
Show that a x a = (x + 2a)(x a) 2 .
a a x

x + 2a
Sol. L.H.S. = x + 2a
x + 2a

a a
x a
a x

By C1 C1 + (C2 + C3)
1 a a
= (x + 2a) 1 x a
1 a x

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1
a
= (x + 2a) 0 x a
0
0

a
R 2 R 2 R1
0
R R 3 R1
x a 3

= (x + 2a)[1(x a) 2 a(0(x a) 0)]

+a[0 0(x a)]
= (x + 2a)(x a) 2 = R.H.S

EXERCISE 3(E)
I.
1.

Find the adjoint and inverses of the following matrices.

2 3
a b
if A =
i)

then
4 6
c d
d b 6 3
Sol. Adj A =
=

c a 4 2
| A | = 12 (12) = 24

A 1 =

AdjA 1 6 3
=
DetA 24 4 2

cos sin
sin cos

cos sin
Sol. Adj A =
, det A = 1
sin cos
cos sin
AdjA
1
A 1 =
=
DetA cos 2 + sin 2 sin cos
cos sin
=

sin cos

ii)

+ +
iii) 1 0 2
+
2 1 0
+ +
3 2 1
1 0
=1
Sol. A1 =
2 1

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

B1 =

2 0
= 2
3 1

2 1
= 43 =1
3 2
0 2
= (0 4) = 4
A2 =
2 1

C1 =

1 2
= 1 6 = 5
3 1
1 0
C2 =
= (2 0) 2
3 2
0 2
= 0 2 = 2
A3 =
1 0
B2 =

B3 =
C3 =

1 2
= (0 4) = 4
2 0

1 0
= 1 0 = 1
2 1

A3 1 4 2
B3 = 2 5 4
C3 1 2 1
det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
A1 A 2
AdjA = B1 B2
C1 C2

= 1(1) + 0(2) + 2(1) = 1 + 0 + 2 = 3

1 4 2
AdjA
1
A 1 =
= 2 5 4
DetA 3
1 2 1
2 1 2
iv) 1 0 1
2 2 1
Sol. A1 =

0 1

C1 =

1 0

= 0 2 = 2
2 1
1 1
B1 =
= (1 2) = 1
2 1
2 2

= 20 = 2

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

A2 =
B2 =

2 1

2 2

1 1

1 1

1 0

= (4 2) = 2

= 1 0 = 1

2 2

2 1

= (1 4) = 3

= 2 4 = 2

2 1

1 2

B3 =
C3 =

2 1

2 2

C2 =
A3 =

1 2

= (2 2) = 0

= 0 1 = 1

A1 A 2
AdjA = B1 B2
C1 C2

A3 2 3 1
B3 = 1 2 0
C3 2 2 1

DetA = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1

= 2(2) + 1(1) + 2(2) = 4 + 1 + 4 = 1

2 3 1
AdjA
A 1 =
= 1 2 0
DetA
2 2 1

a + ib c + id 2
2
2
2
If A =
, a + b + c + d = 1 then find inverse of A.

c
+
id
a

ib

Sol. Det A = (a + ib)(a ib) (c + id)(c + id)

= a2 i2 b2 (c2 + i2 d2)
= a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 (i2 = 1) = 1
a ib c id
AdjA =

c id a + ib
2.

A 1 =

AdjA a ib c id
=
DetA c id a + ib

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

3.

1 2 3
If A = 0 1 4 , find (AT)1.
2 2 1
T

2 3
1 0 2

1 4 = 2 1 2
3 4 1
2 1

1
T
Sol. A = 0
2
1
A1 =
4
3

A3 =

0 2
4

= (0 + 8) = 8

= 1+ 6 = 7

1
1 0

= (4 0) = 4

3 4

B3 =
C3 =

= (8 + 3) = 5

1 2

C2 =

= (2 6) = 8

2 1

A2 =
B2 =

= 1 8 = 9

2 2

B1 =
C1 =

= 0 2 = 2

2 1

= (2 4) = 2

= 1 0 = 1

9 8 2
AdjA = 8 7
2
5 4 1
DetA T = 1(9) + 0(8) 2(5) = 9 + 10 = 1
9 8 2
Adj(A T )
T 1
(A ) =
= 8 7 2
T
det A
5 4 1
T

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1 2 2
4.

If A = 2

2 , then show that Adj A = 3AT find A1.

Sol. A1 =

B1 =
C1 =

2 2
= (2 + 4) = 6
2 1

2 1
= 4 2 = 6
2 2
2 2
= (2 4) = 6
2 1

A2 =
B2 =

1 2
2

1
2
2
A3 =
1

C2 =

B3 =
C3 =

= 1 4 = 3

= 1 + 4 = 3

2
= (2 + 4) = 6
2
2
= 4+2 = 6
2

1 2
2

= (2 + 4) = 6

1 2
= 1 + 4 = 3
2 2

A1 A 2
AdjA = B1 B2
C1 C2

A3 3 6 6
B3 = 6 3 6 ...(1)
C3 6 6 3
T

1 2 2
1 2 2

T
A = 2 1 2 = 2 1 2
2 2 1
2 2 1
1 2 2 3 6 6
3A = 3 2 1 2 = 6 3 6 ...(2)
2 2 1 6 6 3
From (1) and (2) we get Adj A = 3AT
DetA = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
T

= (1)(3) + (2)(6) + (2)(6)

= 3 + 12 + 12 = 27
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

3 6 6
AdjA 1
=
=
6 3 6
DetA 27
6 6 3
1 2 2
1
= 2 1 2
9
2 2 1

a 0 0
5. If abc 0, find the inverse of 0 b 0 .
0 0 c
b 0
= bc
Sol. A1 =
0 c
B1 =

0 0
=0
0 c

C1 =

0 b
=0
0 0

A2 =

0 0
=0
0 c

B2 =

a 0
= ac
0 c

C2 =

a 0
=0
0 0

A3 =

0 0
=0
b 0

a 0
a 0
= 0 C3 =
= ab
0 0
0 b
Det A = a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1
= 0(1) + 1(1) + 1(1) = 1 + 1 = 2
1 1 1
AdjA 1
1
A =
=
1 1 1
DetA 2
1 1 1
B3 =

0 1 1 b + c c a b a
1
AB = 1 0 1 c b c + a a b
2
1 1 0 b c a c a + b
c b + b c c + a + a c a b + a + b
1
= b + c + b c c a + a c b a + a + b
2
b + c + c b c a + c + a b a + a b
0 2a 2a
1
= 2b 0 2b
2
2c 2c 0

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

ABA

0 2a 2a 1 1 1
1
1
= 2b 0 2b 1 1 1
2
2
2c 2c 0 1 1 1

2a + 2a
1
= 2b + 2b
4
2c + 2c
4a 0
1
= 0 4b
4
0 0

2a + 2a 2a 2a
2b + 2b 2b 2b
2c 2c 2c + 2c
0 a 0 0
0 = 0 b 0 = Diagonal matrix.
4c 0 0 c

1 2 2
6. If 3A = 2 1 2 , then show that A1 = AT.
2 2 1
1 2 2
1 2 2
1
1

T
Sol. A = 2 1 2 A = 2 1
2
3
3
2 2 1
2 2 1
1
1
Now A A = 2
3
2
9
1
= 0
9
0
T

A.AT = I
A1 = AT

3
7. If A = 2
0
3
2
Sol. A = 2
0

2 2 1
1
1 2 2
3
2 1 2
0 0 1 0
9 0 = 0 1
0 9 0 0

2 2
1
2
2 1
0
0
1

3 4
3 4 , then show that A1 = A3.
1 1
3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4
3 4 2 3 4 = 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 2 2 3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

3 4 4 3 4 4
A = A A = 0 1 0 0 1 0
2 2 3 2 2 3
4

1 0 0
= 0 1 0 = 1
0 0 1
A4 = I
det A = 3(1) 3(2) + 4(2) = 1
A 0 A 1exists
A4 = I
Multiply with A 1
A 4 (A 1 ) = I(A 1 )
A3 (AA 1 ) = A 1 A3 (I) = A 1
A 1 = A3
8. If AB = I or BA = I, then prove that A is invertible and B = A1.
Sol. Given AB = I |AB| = | I |
= |A| |B| = 1
= |A| 0
A is a non-singular matrix.
and BA = I |BA| = | I |
|B| |A| = 1 |A| 0
A is a non-singular matrix.
AB = I or BA = I, A is invertible.
A1 exists.
AB = I A1 AB = A1 I
IB = A1 B = A1
B = A1

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

EXERCISE 3(F)
I.
1.

Find the rank of the following matrices.

1 0
0 0

Sol. Det A =

1 0

0 0
and |a| = 1 0
(A) = 1.

2.

1 0
0 1

Sol. Det A =

1 0

0 1
(A) = 2

3.

= 1 0 = 1 0

1 1
0 0

Sol. Det A =

1 1

0 0
|1| = 1 0
(A) = 1

4.

= 00 = 0

= 00 = 0

1 1
1 0

Sol. Det A =

1 1

1 0
(A) = 2

= 0 1 = 1 0

1 0 4
2 1 3

1 4
= 3 + 8 = 11 0
Sol.
2 3
(A) = 2
5.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1 2 6
2 4 3

2 6
= 6 24 = 18 0
Sol.
4 3
(A) = 2

6.

II.

1 0 0
1. 0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
Sol. Det A = 0 1 0
0 0 1
= 1(1 0) 0(0 0) + 0(0 0)

2.

= 1 0 + 0 = 1 0
(A) = 3
1 4 1
2 3 0

0 1 2

1 4 1
Sol. Det A = 2 3

0 1

= 1(6 0) 2(8 + 1) + 0(0 + 3)

3.

= 6 18 = 12 0
(A) = 3
1 2 3
2 3 4

0 1 2

1 2 3
Sol. Det A = 2 3 4

0 1 2
= 1(6 4) 2(4 3) + 0(8 9)
= 22+0 = 0
(A) 3, (A) < 3
1 2
Take
=3 4 = 1 0
2 3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

(A) = 2

1 1 1
4. 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Let A = 1 1 1 , det A = 0, (A) 3.
1 1 1
Sol. All 2 2 sub matrix det is zero.
(A) 2
|1| = 1 0, (A) = 1
1 2 0 1
5. 3 4 1 2
2 3 2 5
1

2 0

Sol. Take sub matrix B = 3

4 1

2 3 2
= 1(8 3) 2(6 + 2)
= 5 16 = 11 0
Rank of the given matrix is 3.

6.

0 1 1 2
4 0 2 5

2 1 3 1

0 1 1
Sol. Take sub matrix A = 4 0 2
2 1 3
= 1(12 4) + 1(4 0)
= 8 + 4 = 4 0
(A) = 3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

EXERCISE 3(G)
Examine whether the following systems of equations are consistent or
inconsistent and if consistent find the complete solutions.
1. x + y + z = 4
2x + 5y 2z = 3
X + 7y 7z = 5
1 1 1 4
Sol. Augmented matrix = A = 2 5 2 3
1 7 7 5

R2 R2 2R1, R2 R3 R1 we get
1 1 1 4
A ~ 0 3 4 5
0 6 8 1

1 1 1 4
R3 R3 2R2 we have A ~ 0 3 4 5
0 0 0 11
(A) = 2, (AB) = 3
(A) (AB)
The given system of equations are in consistent.
2.

x+y+z=6
xy+z=2
2x y + 3z = 9

1 1 1 6
Sol. Augmented matrix A = 1 1 1 2
2 1 3 9
R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 2R1 we get
1 1 1 6
A ~ 1 2 0 4
0 3 1 3

(A) = 3 = (AB)
The given system of equations are consistent.
1 1 1 6
A ~ 1 2 0 4
0 3 1 3

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

1
By R2 R2 , we obtain
2
1 1 1 6
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 3 1 3

By R1 R1 R2, R3 R3 + 3R2 we get

1 0 1 4
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3
By R1 R1 R3, we have
1 0 0 1
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 3

Solution is x = 1, y = 2, z = 3.
3.

x+y+z=1
2x + y + z = 2
x + 2y + 2z = 1

1 1 1 1
Sol. Augmented matrix is A = 2 1 1 2
1 2 2 1
R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 R1, we get
1 1 1 1
A ~ 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0

1
R1 R1 R3, we obtain A ~ 1
0
1
R2 R2 R1, we have A ~ 0
0

0 0 1
0 0 1
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
1 1 0

(A) = 2 = (AB) < 3

The given system of equations are consistent and have infinitely many solutions.
The solutions are given by :
[(x, y, z)1x = y + z = 0]

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
4.

x+y+z=9
2x + 5y + 7z = 52
2x + y z = 0

1 1 1 9
Sol. Augmented matrix is A = 2 5 7 52
2 1 1 0
By R2 R2 2R1, R3 R3 2R1, we get
9
1 1 1

A ~ 0 3 5 34
0 1 3 18
By R3 R3 (1), we obtain
1 1 1 9
A ~ 0 3 5 34
0 1 3 18

By R1 R1 R3, R2 R2 3R3, we have

1 0 2 9
A ~ 0 0 4 20
0 1 3 18
1
By R2 R2 , we obtain
4
1 0 2 9
A ~ 0 0 1 5
0 1 3 18

By R1 R1 + 2R2, R3 R3 3R2, we get

1 0 0 1
A ~ 0 0 1 5
0 1 0 3

1 0 0 1
By R2 R3, we obtain A ~ 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 5
(A) = (AB) = 3
The given system of equations are consistent have a unique solution.
Solution is given by x = 1, y = 3, z = 5.

www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com
5.

x+y+z=6
x + 2y + 3z = 10
x + 2y + 4z = 1

1 1 1 6
Sol. Augmented matrix A = 1 2 3 10
1 2 4 1
By R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 R2, we obtain
1 1 1 6
A ~ 0 1 2 4
0 0 1 9
By R1 R1 R3, R2 R2 2R3, we get
1 1 0 15
A ~ 0 1 0 22
0 0 1 9

By R1 R1 R2, we have
1 0 0 7
A ~ 0 1 0 22
0 0 1 9
(A) = (AB) = 3
The given system of equations are consistent. They have a unique solution.
Solution is given by x = 7, y = 22, z = 9.

6.

x 3y 8z = 10
3x + y 4z = 0
2x + 5y + 6z = 13
Sol. The Augmented matrix
1 3 8 10
A = 3 1 4 0
2 5 6 13

By R2 R2 3R1, R3 R3 2R1, we get

1 3 8 10
A ~ 0 10 20 30
0 11 22 33
1
1
R2 R2 , R3 R3 we have
10
11
1 3 8 10
A ~ 0 1 2
3
3
0 1 2
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

By R3 R3 R2, we obtain
1 3 8 10
A ~ 0 1 2
3
0 0 0
0

By R1 R1 + 4R2, we get
1 1 0 2
A ~ 0 1 2 3
0 0 0 0
(A) = (AB) = 2 < 3
The given system of equations are consistent have infinitely many solutions.
x + y = 2 and y + 2z = 3
Taking z = k, y = 3 2z = 3 2k
x = 2 y = 2 (3 2k) = 2 3 + 2k = 2k 1
The solutions are given by x = 1 + 2k,
y = 3 2k, z = k where k is any scalar.

7.

2x + 3y + z = 9
x + 2y + 3z = 6
3x + y + 2z = 8

2
Sol. Augmented matrix A = 1
3
1
By R1 R2, we get A = 2
3

3 1 9
2 3 6
1 2 8
2 3 6
3 1 9
1 2 8
By R2 R2 2R1, R3 R3 3R1, we have
6
1 2 3

A ~ 0 1 5 3
0 5 7 10
By R3 R3 5R2, R1 R1 + 2R2, we get
1 0 7 0
A ~ 0 1 5 3
0 0 18 5

1
By R3 R3 , R2 R2(1) we obtain
18
0
1 0 7

A ~ 0 1 5
3
0 0 1 5 /18
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

By R1 R1 + 7R3, R2 R2 5R3, we get

1 0 0 35 /18
A ~ 0 1 5
3
0 0 1 5 /18

By R2 R2 5R3, we obtain
1 0 0 35 /18
A ~ 0 1 0 29 /18
0 0 1 5 /18
(A) = (AB) = 3
The given system of equations are consistent have a unique solution.
35
29
5
Solution is given by x = , y = , z = .
18
18
18

8.

1 1 4 6
Augmented matrix A = 3 2 2 9
5 1 2 13
By R2 R2 3R1, R3 R2 5R1, we get
4
6
1 1
A ~ 0 1 14 9
0 4 18 17

By R3 R3 4R2, we get
4
6
1 1

A ~ 0 1 14 9
0 0 38 19

1
By R2 R2(1), R3 R3 , we have
2
1 1 4
6
A ~ 0 1 14 9
0 0 1 1/ 2

By R1 R1 4R3, R2 R2 14R3, we obtain

1 1 0 4
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1/ 2
1 0 0 2
A ~ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1/ 2
(A) = (AB) = 3
www.sakshieducation.com

www.sakshieducation.com

The given system of equations are consistent have a unique solution.

Solution is given by x = 2, y = 2, z = 1/2.

www.sakshieducation.com