Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

79. Tehnika rjeavanja ovog zadatka je sljedea: brojnik i nazivnik rastavimo na faktore i kratimo... x y x y y xy = = = x xy x (1 y ) x (1 y ) 1 y
-rastavimo na faktore, kratimo x u brojniku i nazivniku

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1.)

Ovi prvi zadaci su jednostavni, samorastavimo na faktore i kratimo

2.)

a b b2 a b b2 a b b2 ab3 b2 = kratimo: = = = a 2 b ab 2 a a b a b b a b ( a b ) a b ( a b) a b

3.)

x ( a b) a b ax bx x ( a b ) = = = ax + bx x ( a + b ) x ( a + b) a + b
kratimo

4.)

z ( x y ) x y xz yz z ( x y ) = = = 2 z ( z + 3) z+3 z + 3z z ( z + 3)
kratimo

5.)

a ( a + 1) a ( a + 1) aa + a a2 + a a +1 = = = = ax ay a ( x y ) a ( x y ) a ( x y ) x y

6.)

a a 2 2ab a a 2 a b a ( a 2b ) a ( a 2b ) = = = = 2 b a b 2 b b b ( a 2b ) b ( a 2b ) ab 2b
a ( 3a + 4b ) a ( 3a + 4b ) 3a 2 + 4ab a = = = 2 3 2 2 9a b 16b b ( 9a 16b ) b ( 3a 4b )( 3a + 4b ) b ( 3a 4b )   

R . KVADRATA R . KVADRATA  4 x ( 4 x2 9 y 2 )

7.)

8.)

4 x ( 2 x 3 y )( 2 x + 3 y ) 4 x ( 2 x + 3 y ) 16x 3 36 xy 2 = = = 2 3y (2x 3y ) 3y ( 2x 3 y ) 3y 6 xy 9 y kratimo

Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

10.

12a 5 27 a 3 b 2 3a 3 (4a 2 b 2 ) 3a(2a 3b)(2a + 3b) 3a(2a + 3b) = 2 = = 4b(2a 3b) 4b 8a 3 b 12a 2 b 2 4a b(2a 3b)
kratimo a sa a
2 3

kratimo

jo jednom isti zadatak:

12a 5 27a 3 b 2 3a 3 (4a 2 b 2 ) = 2 = 8a 3 b 12a 2 b 2 4a b(2a 3b) = = = 3 a 2 a ( 4a 2 b 2 ) 4 a 2 b (2a 3b) = 3 a 2 a ( 4a 2 b 2 ) 4 a 2 b (2a 3b) =

3a (2a 3b)(2a + 3b) 3a (2a 3b) (2a + 3b) = = 4b(2a 3b) 4b (2a 3b) 3a (2a + 3b) 4b

11.

2a 4 8a 3 b + 8a 2 b 2 2a 2 (a 2 4ab + 4b 2 ) = = treba prepoznati kvadrat razlike a 4 2a 3 b a 3 (a 2b) = = = 2 a 2 (a 2b) 2 a a (a 2b)

= =

rastavimo: (a 2b) 2 = ( a 2b ) ( a 2b )

2 ( a 2b ) ( a 2b ) a ( a 2b ) 2(a 2b) a

12.

(a 3) (a 3) (a 3) a 2 6a + 9 (a 3) 2 = = = 2 (a 3)(a + 3) a 9 (a 3) (a + 3) (a + 3)

13.

(a 2) (a + 2) a + 2 a2 4 (a 2)(a + 2) = = = a 2 + a 6 (a 2)(a + 3) (a 2) (a + 3) a + 3 a 2 + a 6 = a 2 + 3a 2a 62 a (a + 3) 2(a + 3) = (a + 3)(a 2) ( a b) ( a + b) ab (a b)(a + b) a 2 b2 = 2 = = 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 a +b (a + b) ( a ab + b ) (a + b) ( a ab + b ) a ab + b

14.

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Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

17.)

( a b )( a + b ) a 2 b2 = 3 = 3 2 2 3 a + ab a b b a a 2 b + ab 2 b3 ( a b )( a + b ) = 2 = a ( a b ) + b2 ( a b )
=

( a b )( a + b ) = ( a b ) ( a 2 + b2 )

a+b a 2 + b2

18.)

( a b )( a + b ) a 2 b2 = 2 = 2 2 a abb a b2 a b ( a b )( a + b ) = = ( a b )( a + b ) ( a + b )
= =

( a b )( a + b ) ( a + b )( a b 1)
ab a b 1

19.)
KV . ZBROJA         2 2 2 2 ( a + b ) c2 a + 2ab + b c = = ( a + b + c ) a + ( a + b + c ) c ( a + b + c )( a + c ) R . KV .

= =

( a + b c )( a + b + c ) ( a + b + c )( a + c )
a+bc a+c

kratimo

20.)

a 2 + b 2 c 2 + 2ab a 2 + 2ab + b 2 c 2 = = a 2 b 2 + c 2 + 2ac a 2 + 2ac + c 2 b 2

( a + b) c2 = = 2 ( a + c ) b2 ( a + b c )( a + b + c ) = = ( a + c b )( a + b + c )
2

= =

( a + b c )( a + b + c ) ( a + b c ) ( a + b + c ) = ( a b + c )( a + b + c ) ( a b + c ) ( a + b + c )
a+bc ab+c

Zadatke rijeio Mladen Sraga - 1992.g. Zadaci su uzeti iz zbirke zadataka : Matematika 1 autora Pavkovi Veljan isti zadaci nalaze se u zbirci Mat-1- Kurnik-Pavkovi- Zori ( poglavlje -2.7. zad: 86. i 87. )

Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

21.)

a 2 + 6a + 5 a 2 + a + 5a + 5 = = a 3 + 5a 2 a 5 a 3 a + 5a 2 5 a ( a + 1) + 5 ( a + 1) = = a ( a 2 1) + 5 ( a 2 1) =

( a + 1)( a + 5) = ( a 2 1) ( a + 5) ( a + 1) ( a + 5) ( a + 1)( a + 5) = ( a + 1)( a 1)( a + 5 ) ( a + 1) ( a 1) ( a + 5 )

= = x2 + 2 x + 2

22.)

( x + 1) 1
4

= = =

(( x + 1) 1) (( x + 1) + 1)
2

= =

(x (x (x
2

+ 2 x + 1 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 1 + 1) + 2 x )( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) 1 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) + 2 x ) ( x2 + 2 x + 2) x2 + 2x + 2 =

x2 + 2x + 2

= =

1 = x + 2x 1 = x ( x + 2)
2 ( 2a )( a 1) 4 ( 2a 3) ( 2a 3) ( ( a 1) 4 ) = = 2 2 ( a + 1) ( a 3) ( a + 1) ( a 3) ( 2a 3)( a 1 2 )( a 1 + 2 ) = = ( a + 1)( a + 1)( a 3) ( 2a 3)( a 3)( a + 1) = = ( 2 + 1)( a + 1)( a 3) 2

23.)

2a 3 a +1

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Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

24.)

( 2a 1) ( a 2 + a 3a 3) = 2 2 ( a 2 6a + 9 ) a 1 + a ( a + 1) ( a 3) ( a 1)( a + 1) + a ( a + 1) 2 ( 2a 1) ( a ( a + 1) 3 ( a + 1) ) = = 2 ( a 3) ( a + 1)( a 1 + a ) 2 ( 2a + 1) ( a + 1)( a 3) 2a 1 = = 2 ( a 3) ( a + 1)( 2a 1) a 3

( 4a

4a + 1)( a 2 2a 3)

25.)

( x + 2y) 4 ( x + 2 y 2 )( x + 2 y + 2 ) x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2 4 = = = 2 2 x 4 y 2 ( x 2 y ) ( x 2 y )( x + 2 y ) 2 ( x 2 y ) ( x 2 y ) ( x + 2 y 2)
2

x + 2y + 2 x 2y

26.)

2 2 2 a ( b + 2bc + c ) ( a + b c ) = = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 b2 + c 2 2ac ) ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 2ac + c 2 b2 )

(a

b 2 c 2 2bc ) ( a + b c )

a 2 ( b + c )2 ( a + b c ) = = 2 a c ) b2 (a + b + c) ( a ( b + c ) ( a + b + c )( a + b c ) = = ( a + b + c )( a c b )( a c + b ) =

( a b c )( a + b c ) ( a b c )( a + b c )

=1

27.)

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac ( a + b + c )( a + b + c ) ( a + b + c )( a + b + c ) = = = 2 a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc a 2 ( b 2 + 2bc + c 2 ) a2 (b + c ) =

( a + b + c )( a + b + c ) a ( b + c ) (a + b + c)

a+b+c a bc

28.)

2 2 x 2 3 xy + xz + 2 y 2 2 yz x 2 xy xy + 2 y + z ( x 2 y ) = = x 2 y 2 + 2 yz z 2 x 2 ( y 2 2 yz + z 2 )

= =

x ( x 2y) y ( x 2y) + z ( x 2y) x2 ( y z )

= = x 2y x+ yz

( x 2y)( x y + z) ( x 2 y )( x y + z ) = x ( y z ) ( x + y z ) ( x y + z )( x + y z )

Zadatke rijeio Mladen Sraga - 1992.g. Zadaci su uzeti iz zbirke zadataka : Matematika 1 autora Pavkovi Veljan isti zadaci nalaze se u zbirci Mat-1- Kurnik-Pavkovi- Zori ( poglavlje -2.7. zad: 86. i 87. )

Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

29.)

a 2 3ab + ac + 2bc a 2 2ab ab + 2b 2 + ac 2bc a ( a 2b ) b ( a 2b ) + c ( a 2b ) = = = 2 a 2 b 2 + 2bc c 2 a 2 ( b 2 2bc + c 2 ) a2 (b c )

( a 2b )( a b + c ) a (b c ) (a + b c)
=

( a 2b )( a b + c ) ( a b + c )( a + b c )

a 2b a+bc

30.)

abx 2 + aby 2 + xy ( a 2 + b 2 )

xy ( a 2 b 2 ) + abx 2 aby 2

a 2 x y b 2 xy + abx 2 aby 2 a 2 xy + abx 2 aby 2 b 2 xy = = abx 2 + aby 2 + a 2 xy + b 2 xy aby 2 + b 2 xy + abx 2 + a 2 xy ax ( ay + bx ) by ( ay + bx )

by ( ay + bx ) + ax ( bx + ay ) =

( ay + bx ) ( ax by ) ( ay + bx ) ( by + ax )

ax by ax + by

31.)

3a 2 x 2 + 3b 2 6abx + 9a 2 x 9ab

(a x
3

ab 2 x ) ( ax b + 3a )

3a 2 x 2 6abx + 3b 2 + 9a 2 x 9ab = ax ( ax b ) ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a ) 3 ( a 2 x 2 2abx + b 2 ) + 9a ( ax b ) ax ( ax b ) ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a ) 3 ( ax b ) + 9a ( ax b )

ax ( ax b ) ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a ) 3 ( ax b ) ( ax b ) + 9a ( ax b )

ax ( ax b ) ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a )

( ax b ) ( 3. ( ax b ) + 9a ) ax ( ax b ) ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a )
3ax 3b + 9a = ax ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a ) 3 ( ax b + 3a )

ax ( ax + b ) ( ax b + 3a )

3 ax ( ax + b )

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Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

32.)

2 x3 + 3x 2 y 2 x 3 y 2 x3 2 x + 3x 2 y 3 y = = 2 x 2 2 x + 3 y ( x 1) 2 x ( x 1) + 3 y ( x 1)

( x 1) ( 2 x + 3 y ) x 2 1) ( 2 x + 3 y ) ( = = ( x 1) ( 2 x + 3 y ) ( x 1) ( x + 1) = = x +1 ( x 1)

2 x ( x 2 1) + 3 y ( x 2 1)

33.)

3 x 3 + xy 2 6 x 2 y 2 y 3 3 x 3 6 x 2 y + xy 2 2 y 3 = = 9 x5 xy 4 18 x 4 y + 2 y 5 9 x 5 18 x 4 y xy 4 + 2 y 5 = 9 x4 ( x 2 y ) y 4 ( x 2 y ) 3x 2 ( x 2 y ) + y 2 ( x 2 y ) =

( x 2 y ) ( 3x2 + y 2 ) = = ( x 2 y ) (9x4 y4 )
= =

( 3x
2

y 2 ) ( 3x 2 + y 2 )

( 3x

+ y2 )

1 3x y 2

34.)

ac + ad + bc + bd a ( c + d ) ac ad + bc bd
2 2 2 2

a (c + d ) + b(c + d ) a (c + d ) ac 2 + bc 2 ad 2 bd 2

(c + d )( a + b a) = c ( a + b) d 2 ( a + b) (c + d ) b = = ( a + b ) ( c2 d 2 ) (c + d ) b = = ( a + b) (c d ) (c + d )
=
2

b ( a + b) (c d )

Zadatke rijeio Mladen Sraga - 1992.g. Zadaci su uzeti iz zbirke zadataka : Matematika 1 autora Pavkovi Veljan isti zadaci nalaze se u zbirci Mat-1- Kurnik-Pavkovi- Zori ( poglavlje -2.7. zad: 86. i 87. )

Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

Univerzalna zbirka potpuno korak po korak rijeenih zadataka za prvi razred svih srednjih kola Prirunik za samostalno uenje MATEMATIKA-1SKUPU REALNIH BROJEVA:

Vie informacija o toj zbirci : www.mim-sraga.com

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Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

Prirunici za samostalno uenje MATEMATIKA 2

Zadatke rijeio Mladen Sraga - 1992.g. Zadaci su uzeti iz zbirke zadataka : Matematika 1 autora Pavkovi Veljan isti zadaci nalaze se u zbirci Mat-1- Kurnik-Pavkovi- Zori ( poglavlje -2.7. zad: 86. i 87. )

Matematika-1- rijeeni zadaci po Pavkovi - Veljan

79. Skrati razlomke: 1.) xy = x xy xz yz = z 2 + 3z 3a 2 + 4ab = 9a 2 b 16b3 12a 5 27 a 3 b 2 = 8a 3 b 12a 2 b 2 a 2 6a + 9 = a2 9 a 2 b2 = a 3 + ab 2 a 2 b b3 a 2 + 2ab + b 2 c 2 = (a + b + c) a + (a + b + c) c a 2 + 6a + 5 = a 3 + 5a 2 a 5 2.) ab3 = a 2 b ab 2 a2 + a = ax ay 3.) ax bx = ax + bx a 2 2ab = ab 2b 2

4.)

5.)

6.)

7.)

8.)

16x 3 36 xy 2 = 6 xy 9 y 2 2a 4 8a 3 b + 8a 2 b 2 = a 4 2a 3 b a 2 b2 = 14. 3 a + b3

10.

11.

12. 17.)

18.)

a2 4 = 13. a2 + a 6 a2 b2 = a 2 a b b2 20.)

19.)

a 2 + b 2 c 2 + 2ab = a 2 b 2 + c 2 + 2ac x2 + 2x + 2

21.)

22.)

( x + 1)

23.)

( 2a )( a 1) 4 ( 2a 3) 2 ( a + 1) ( a 3)
2

24.)

(a

( 4a
2 2

2 6a + 9 ) a 1 + a ( a + 1)

4a + 1)( a 2 2a 3)

25.)

x 2 + 4 xy + 4 y 2 4 = x2 4 y2 2 ( x 2 y ) a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac = a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc a 2 3ab + ac + 2bc = a 2 b 2 + 2bc c 2

26.)

( a + b + c ) ( a 2 b 2 + c 2 2ac )
x 2 3xy + xz + 2 y 2 2 yz = x 2 y 2 + yz z 2

(a

b 2 c 2 2bc ) ( a + b c )

27.)

28.)

29.)

30.)

abx 2 + aby 2 + xy ( a 2 + b 2 )

xy ( a 2 b 2 ) + abx 2 aby 2

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