CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

ACTSPStudyGuide
Author
MohamedN.ElGuindy
BSc.CS.TrinityUniversity,USA
MCSE,MCT
IEEEComputerSocietyMember
BritishComputerSocietyMember
IWA&HWGMember
MemberofExpertsExchange
MemberofELearningGuild
MemberofWAOE
ChiefInformationOfficer
ASKPC,USA
ASKPC
TheLargestArabicTechnicalSupportCommunityinassociationwith
Microsoft
Symantec
Winternals
Sysinternals
ContacttheAuthor
[email protected]
[email protected]
ManyThanksto:
MuatazKhataan
(BachelorofArtEducation,ProfessionalGraphicArtist,DiplomainArtEducation)
Forhiscontributiontothelayoutandgraphicforthisstudyguide.
TamerSolieman
(BSc.CS,AinShamsUniversity)
Forhisnotes.

Thisbookisprotectedbyinternationalcopyrightlaw
Copyright2006www.askpc.com

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

"

" ACTSP

ASKPC

.




.

Software

Hardware

A+

ACTSP ASKPC

Symantec.

Microsoft,Winternals&

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

A
AC
CT
TS
SP

ASK PC

Technical Support Professional

ASKPC Certified

.Microsoft

:






.
.

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

ComputerHardwareOrganizationFundamentals

Computer Science

Hardware Organization

Hardware

M
Mootth
heerrb
booaarrdoorM
MaaiinB
Booaarrd

ExpansionSlots SystemBuses

Processor

Memory Modules

Motherboard

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Motherboard

.


.

Power Supply

Power supplies

Motherboard

Power Supply

:ATPower Supply

Memory Modules

Processor

Expansion Slots

PowerSupply

Motherboard

.
:BabyAT

:ATX Power Supply

Power Supply

INTEL

ATX
ATX

Motherboard ATX
Pentium Pro

Motherboards

AT

.Motherboard

AT

Processor

Power Supply

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

AT

ATX

AT

ATX

!
,

PowerSupply

Regulator

20PINPowerConnector

AT

ATX

Soft Switch

Software

AT

Power

WakeOnLAN

Standby

Softswitch

Motherboard

PowerSupply

Servers

Hot Swappable

Power Supply

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

PowerSupply

Case

PowerSupply

ComputerCase

Power Supply

Case

Power Supply

Motherboard

C
Ceen
nttrraalP
Prroocceessssiin
ngU
Un
niit(C
CP
PU)
Central Processing Unit

Processor

Intel

AMD

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

IntelAMD

Intel

Memory

AMD

Pentium Celeron

Motherboard

Intel

Athlon

AMD

.
:

GHz

1Gigahertz(GHz)=1000Megahertz=1000000Hertz

Hertz

System

Cache

L1Cache L2Cache L Level

Level 1cache

Level 2cache

Cache

L1cache

cache

L2cache

Processor

L2 Cache

Processor

Memory

FSB FrontSideBus

L1

RAM

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

FSB

. :

Mintransistors=Million

Cache

Pentium Intel

Celeron

Celeron

cache

L2

Pentium

L2 cache

Celeron L2 cache

Celeron

Celeron L2 cache
Cache
Intel

Intel

Pentium

Celeron

LGA

Celeron

Pentium

LandGrid

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11
Array

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Socket

Pins

. .

775K

LGA

Processor

Sockets
LGA 775

.
:

:Socket370 IntelPentiumIII
:Socket423

2GHz Socket478

:Socket478

for(FSB)
:Socket 603

Xeon

100,133,200MHz

PGA Pin grid array

400MHz FSB

:Socket604 IntelXeon

PGA Pin grid array

533MHz FSB

:SocketA

AMD

C
CM
MO
OS

SeeMOS

Complementary MetalOxide Semiconductor

Hardware

SystemPassword

CMOS

F1

CMOS

CMOS

Jumper

.CMOS

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12

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Jumper

CMOS

CMOS

Motherboard

Del F2

BIOS

CMOS

HardDisk

CMOS

B
BIIO
OS

Basic Input/Output System

Hardware

CMOS

BIOSFirmware

COMM Ports

BIOS

Flash Bios

FirmwareUpgrade Upgrade

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13

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Motherboard

BIOS

OnSelfTest Check
CMOS

POST

BIOS

Power

Hard Disk

PleasePressF1tocontinue MemoryError Beep

POST

B
BU
US
SE
ES

Motherboard Buses

Buses

.
.DataBus

Processor
SystemBus

PCI

PCISlots
PCI

SystemBuses

FSB/BSB

BSB

CPU

Buses

FrontSide bus

.DataBuses

.RAM

RAM FSB

CPU

BUS

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14

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

BUSES I/O BUSES

ISA

Keyboard

Mouse

ExpansionSlots

.IndustryStandardArchitecture

PCI Slots

Buses

Slots

ISASlots

Intel

Peripheral Component

.Interconnect

PCISlots

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15

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

PCI

PCI 64Bit 66MHz

32bit 64bit 33MHz

PCI

2.0

PCI

PCI

66,133,266,533MegaTransfer/sec(MTS).

MHz

PCIX

PCI X

10

GB Fiber Optics

PCI X

" "

PCIXCards

.AGP

AGP

Slots

Accelerated Graphic Port

AGP

Memory

66MHz

Video

PCI

PCI

AGPSlot

Hardware

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

IIR
RQ

Network card

Hardware

Processor

Hardware

Hardware
Hardware

IRQ

Hardware

Interrupt

.Request

D
DM
MA

Direct Memory Access

Hardware

Hardware

RAM

IRQ DMA

IRQ DMA I/O Address

IRQ

Hardware

I/OAddress

UsedBy

IRQ

40h

SystemClock

60h

Keyboard

Cascade

2F8h/2E8h

Com2/4

3F8h/3E8h

Com1/3

278h/220h

LPT2/Sound

3F0h

Floppy

378h

LPT1

70h

RealTimeClock

Open

Open/NIC

10

Open/VGA

11

A000

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

PS/2Mouse

12

13 MathCoprocessor

170h

PrimaryIDE

14

1F0h

SecondaryIDE

15

Motherboards

32 Bit

64 Bit

64 Bit

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18

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

SystemMemory

L2 cache

Memory

RAM ROM

RandomAccessMemory ReadOnlyMemory

BIOS ROM
Bios

Firmware

RAM

Buses

FSB

R
RA
AM
M

RAM

RAM

SRAM

DRAM

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19

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

DRAM Dynamic RAM

Refresh

Capacitors

.data corruption

RAM

Data

1 GIGA byte

DRAM

DRAM

RAM SRAM Static RAM

DRAM

DRAM

Refresh

L2cache SRAM

ASRAM(AsynchronousSRAM)
SBSRAM(SynchronousBurstSRAM)
PBSR(PipelineBurstSRAM)

DRAM SRAM

NVRAM

NonVolatile Random Access Memory

Memory Stick
SDRAM

FlashMemory

DRAM

Battery

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20

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

DRAM

DRAM

RDRAM(RambusDynamicRAM)

SDRAM(SynchronousDRAM)

SDRSDRAM(SingleDataRateSDRAM)

DDRSDRAM(DoubleDataRateSDRAM)

DDR2SDRAM(DoubleDataRate2SDRAM)

)DDR3SDRAM(DoubleDataRate3SDRAM

SIMM(Singleinlinememorymodule)

DIMM(Dualinlinememorymodule)

RAM

DIMM SIMM

SIMM

PIN 32 Bit data bus DIMM

RAM

DDR

32 PIN 72

64Bitdatabus 72PIN 240PIN

DIMM

RAM

DIMM SODIM

Small outline

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21

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

RAM

SDRAM

Clock Speed

CPU

Synchronous SDRAM

SDR SDRAM

SDRAM

DDR SDRAM

Bandwidth

SDR SDRAM

PC100 PC133 DDR

PC66

DDR SDRAM

SDRAM
SDR

DDR2 DDR3

DDR

400533
DDR2 667800
DDR3

1066

DDR DDR2

RDRAM

Rambus DRAM

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22

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Rambus

DDR

Rambus

Motherboards

RAM

RAM

Video

AGP Cards

AGP

AGPCard

PCI

H
HaarrdD
Diissk
ks

Hard Disk

HardDisk

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23

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Hard Disk

Heads

IBM

Hard Disk

Seagate .Westerndigital

Harddisk

HardDisk

HardDisk

HardDisk

Hard Disk

Platters

Platter

Heads Platter

Platters

Sectors

Tracks

Magnetic

Sector

Platter

Hard

Tracks

Sectors

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24

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Sector

Track

HardDisk

Cylinder

Heads
Tracks

Hard

Platters

Platter

.Platter

FM(FrequencyModulation)
HardDisk

HardDisks

Floppy

)MFM(ModifiedFrequencyModulation

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25

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

HardDisk

RLL (RunLength Limited)

.

ESDI(EnhancedSmallDeviceInterface)
.HardDisk

34PIN
IDE(IntegratedDriveElectronics)

ATA

.40PIN

EIDE(EnhancedIntegratedDriveElectronics)
Western Digital Transfer Rate

IDE Standard

Attachment Packet Interface ATAPI

CDROM

AT

.HardDisk

)IDEPIO(ProgrammedInputOutput

Processor

Hard

UltraDMA

DMA Direct Memory Access

DMA

16MB/s

Ultra ATA/66

Ultra DMA 33MB /s

UDMA 4

.66.7MB/s

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26

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Small

Hard Disk

ATA

Standard

Computer system Interface

SCSI

ATA

IDE

HardDisk

HardDisk

Parallel ATA

80 PIN Connector

IDE

Hard

Disk HardDisk CDROM Drive

)( Slave

)(

Jumpers

Master

Hard Master Slave

HardDisk CDROMDrive

DATA

Jumper

Hard Disk Maxtor

HardDisk

Master Slave

HardDisk

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27

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

CableSelect

Master Slave Hard Disk

Jumper CableSelect
(Serial ATA)

:SATA

HardDisk

Motherboards

. .
. .
. ExternalHardDisk .eSATA

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28

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

SCSI

Hard Disk

SCSIController

.HardDisk

Hard

:Disk

)LBA (Logical BlockAddressing

Hard Disk
Cylinder
Sector

Motherboard

Sector, Head,

LBA

.ZERO

MBR(MasterBootRecord)

Sector HardDisk

Boot
Floppy

MBR

HardDisk CDROM

Active Partition

Partition Table

Boot

MBR

InvalidPartitionTable
MissingOperatingSystem
ErrorloadingoperatingSystem

MBR

MBR Virus

RAID(redundantarrayofinexpensive/independentdisks)
Servers
Hard Disk

Mirroring

Copy

Servers

Motherboard

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

29
RAID

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

HardDisk

Hardware

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30

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

RemovableMedia

Removable

Drive CDROMDrive

Floppy

.F
Flloop
pp
pyD
DiisskD
Drriivve

Floppy Disk Drive

Floppy Disk Floppy Disk Drive

5.25" 3.5"

FloppyDiskDrive

FloppyDiskdrive

FloppyDisk3.5"

5.25"FloppyDisk

DATA

Power

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31

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

C
CDRaan
ndC
CDR
RW C
CDR
RO
OMD
DR
RIIV
VE

CDROM
Compact Disk Read Only
Memory



:

Sony

Philips

CDROM Drive Hard Disk

Motor

CD

head

.
.

beam

CDDrive

Leaser

HardDisk

Sectors

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32

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

CDR
CompactDiskWriteOnceReadMany

CDROM

CDR

CDR

CDR

ONE

Zero&

CDR

CDROMDRIVE

Factor

2X

150 KB/s 300KB/s

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

33
50X

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

7500 KB/s =

CLV(ConstantLinearVelocity)
CAV(ConstantAngularVelocity)

transfer rate

Tracks

head

transfer rate head

CLV

CLV

CAV

.CLV

CAV
head

Outside track

!!!

CDROM DRIVES

CDRW
CDRewriteableDisk

CDR

CDR

CDRW

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34

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Flat 100%

CDROM/CDRWDrivesInterfaces

Motherboard

IDE(ATAPI)

HardDisk

SCSI

HardDisk
USB IEEE1394
USB

CDRW

External

.FireWire

CDR 650 MB

CDR

.AudioTracks

CDR 700 MB

DigitalAudioTracks
CDR900MB

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35

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

DRIVE

DVD

CDRMini150MB

Over Burn

3.5"

DVDDrive
DVD DigitalVersatile(Video)Disk

CD Drive

DVD

Single

Frequency Red Laser DVDR DVD

2.6 GB

DVD

:
DVD

DVD Drive
Drive

Reader

CDR

DVD

Drives

DVD

CD

ComboDrive

CDRW + DVD

Blue Laser

DVD

15GB

!.

Media

Tape Drive

Removable

.TapeBackup

Audio Tapes

DAT

Digital

ZIP Drive USB

Floppy Disk

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

36

PeripheralDevices

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37

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

PeripheralDevices

PeripheralDevices

Wireless

Infrared

USB

IEEE1394
FireWwire

Parallel

Serial

Radio

Bluetooth

Serial

Bit

Full Duplex

HalfDuplex

Serial

Serial Peripherals

Modem Protocols

Synchronous Asynchronous

Synchronous

Asynchronous

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38

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Mouse

Serial

.keyboard

Parallel

12Mb/s
Printers

Serial

8Bit Bandwidth

Dongle

Scanners

ExternalHardDrives

USB

UniversalSerialBus

Serial Parallel

Compaq Microsoft IBM

keyboard

Mouse

Printers

Low Bandwidth

USB

Hot Swapping

10m USB 2.0

USB USB 1.1

CDROMDrives ExternalHardDrives

12Mb/s

480 Mb/s

IEEE1394orFireWire

Apple

HighBandwidthDevices

400Mb/s

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

39
IBM

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

USB 2.0 FireWire

. ExternalhardDisks

WirelessPeripherals

Infrared

Bluetooth

Radio

Wireless

keyboard Wireless Mouse IrDA Infra Red Data

PDA Personal

Association

DeviceAssistance

Mb

12Mb/s

Mega Bit Mega Byte IrDA

KeyboardMouse

Radio

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Bluetooth

Bluetooth

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40

41

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Ports& Connectors

Monitor

Cables&Interfaces

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Cables&Interfaces

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42

43

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

ModemDevice

Modem

Serial

InternalModem ExternalModemModem
Modulate Demodulate

Modulation

Digital Data

Demodulation

Analogue Data

Analogue Digital

InternalPCIModem

ExternalUSBModem

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44

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Printers

Monitor

Output Devices

:
.

ImpactPrinters

head

Print

DotMatrix

InkjetPrinters

Bubble Jet
Printers
Printers

Piezoelectric

Printers

jet

Bubble

Head

Head

Nozzles

Nozzle

.Canon

Piezoelectric

Piezocrystal

Head

Epson

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45

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Canon

LaserPrinters

Photosensitive

Head

Drum

.
.
.
.
.
.

Cleaning
Conditioning
Writing
Developing
Transferring
Fusing

Cleaning .

Drum Toner

Conditioning . Drum

Writing .

Drum

Drum

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46

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Developing .

Toner

Drum

Toner

.Drum

Transferring .

Transfer Corona

Fusing .

Drum

Toner

Toner

Toner

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47

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

MultimediaDevicesorA/V

Audio Video

Multimedia

VideoCards

AGP

PCI X

PCI

Pixel

DPI

1024X768

640 X 480

VideoMemory

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

GPU

48

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

colors True Colors

Color Depth

256 Color

Bios

32 Bit

Video Memory

4,294,967,296

Video card

Video
GPU

RMDAC RAMDigitalToAnalogConverter

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49

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Computer Monitor


.

Blue

Pixel RGB RedGreen

CRT

cathode ray tube

DOTPITCH

Refresh Rate

Hz

60Hz

60Hz

80 to 85Hz

.
!

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

50

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51

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

SoundCards

.
.

ADC Analogue to Digital converter

Digital to Analogue Converter

DAC

DAC

ADC

Sample Rate

Audio

.Samplerate44.1KHz

MIDI

Musical Instrument Digital Interface

.Joystick

Creative

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52

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

PCI slot

BuiltIn

USBExternalSoundCard

Multimedia

Satellite Cards Digital Video Box

Workshop

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53

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Networking




.

Modem

LAN Local Area Network

NIC Card

NICCard NetworkInterfaceCard

PCI Slot
BuiltIn

LAN

LAN

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54

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Networkcard

RJ45

Cable Network

LAN

.WirelessNetwork

Ethernet

.

Ethernet

10Mb/s

fastEthernet 100Mb/

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

55

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

NetworkCables

Network Cables

Pair
X

UTP UnshieldedTwisted

Category X

CAT5

FastEthernet 100Mb/s

Category5

.UTP

UTP

UTP

RJ45

Terminal

Jack RJ45

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

100Mb/s FastEthernet

100m

56

Cable
Type

Speed

Length

Nodes

#ofPairs

Category

10BaseT
100BaseT
1000BaseT

10Mbit
100Mbit
1000Mbit

100meters
100meters
100meters

1024
1024
1024

2
2
4

3
5
7

Fiber optics

Satellite

Coaxial Cables

NetworkType

CableType

MaximumLength

DataRate

10Base5

Coax

500mper
segment

10Mb/s

10Base2

Coax

185mper
segment

10Mb/s

10BaseT

UTP

100mper
segment

10Mb/s

10BaseF

Fiber

4Km

10Mb/s

100BaseT

UTP

100mper
segment

100Mb/s

VGAnyLan

UTP/STP

Varieswithcable
type

100Mb/sFast
Ethernet

100BaseT4

4pairCat3,4,or
5UTP

100mper
segment

100Mb/s

100BaseTX

2pairCat5UTPor
Cat1STP

100mbetweenthe
hubandnetwork
node

100Mb/sFast
Ethernet

100BaseFX

Fiber

2Km

100Mb/sFast
Ethernet

Category3

UTP

100m,including
patchpaneland

10Mb/sEthernet,
4&16Mb/sToken

100Base

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

patchcables

Category5

UTP

90m(100m
includingpatch
panelsandpatch
cables)

57

Ringand
VGAnyLanat16
MHz
100Mb/sFast
Ethernetat100
MHz

Table19:AdditionalDetailsforCoaxialEthernet
CableType

PopularName

Length

Taps/Nodes

543Rule

10Base5

Thicknet

500meters

100

Yes

10Base2

Thinnet

185meters

30

Yes

1000Mb/s GigabitEthernet

Ethernet

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58

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

WirelessNetwork

PCI Slot

.PCcard

!Error

!Error

3Com

54Mbps

PCISlot

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

59

Access Point

Routers

Access

Wireless Switches

.DLink

Point

NetworkTopology

BusTopology

BusTopology

RingTopology

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CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

RingTopology

60

MeshTopology

StartTopology

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61

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Switch

StarTopology

Hub

Nodes

Star

Protocols

IPX/SPX :

Internetwork Packet Exchange

Sequence Packet Exchange

MultiPlayer

IPX

TCP/IP

Internet

TransmissionControlProtocol

Protocol
TCP/IP

Tools

Protocols UDP User Datagram

Protocol TCP/IP

Octet

IP

0 255

BinarySystem
DHCP
DynamicHostConfiguration Protocol

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62

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

IP

IP

.Dynamic

www.askpc.com
NameServer

IPS

DNS Domain

NIC

.NetworkInterfaceCard

MAC Address

Control

Media Access

Address

MAC Address ROM

.Physical

Hardware

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63

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

HardwareTroubleshooting
Problems& Solutions

Hardware

B
BooootP
Prroob
blleem
ms

POST Power on self test

Check

LongBeep

RAM

RAM

DIMM

Bank

SystemMemory

.RAM

RAMS

.SIMM

LongBeepthenTwoShortbeeps

Videocard

: .

LongBeepthen 3Shortbeeps
.

ContinuesBeep
.

BeepCodes

Copyright2006www.askpc.com Allrightsreserved

Parity

64

CertifiedTechnicalSupportProfessionalStudyGuide ACTSPCertification

Motherboard

.
.

E
ErrrroorM
Meessssaaggees

)(Sectornotfound,generalfailure,etc.

MBR BadSector

Hard

.Disk
:

BadSector

Boot Record

HardDisk

Partition Table

BootableDisk

HardDisk

PhysicalError

BootableCDROM

Hard

CannotloadCOMMAND.COM,systemhalted

Windows 95

Command.com

DOS

:
.

Errorloadingdrivec

HardDisk

File system

.Sectornotfound

Invaliddrivespecification

Drive Letter

Format

Hard

datalifeguard

Partition table

FDisk

Windows

WesternDigital
.

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Notreadyreadingdrivex

CDRom Floppy

Floppy

Disk

RemovableMedia

Hard Disk

HardDisk

Hard

Power

power supply

Processor

PowerSupply

Processor

Motherboard

Processor

Motherboard

Motherboard
Monitor

Restart

RAM

RAM

.
Virus

Restart

MBR

. Power Supply

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Processor Fan

Restart

POST

HD

Power cable

HD

HD

www.askpc.com

.Hardware

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SoftwareTroubleshooting
IndepthknowledgeofOperatingSystem

Windows XP

:W
Wiin
nd
doow
wsX
XP

Windows XP Professional

WindowsXPHomeEdition WindowsXPCE
Professional

Administrative Tools

PDA

Home

Security

CE

.PocketPC

XP

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FAT File Allocation Table

Millennium DOS

ME

FAT16 NTFS 5

GUI GraphicalUserInterface

CDI CommandDriven Interface

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CommandPrompt

69

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OperatingSystemFeatures

WindowsXP

Pro
.

Remote Desktop

AdministrativeTools

EFS EncryptedFileSystem
OfflineFiles&Folders

Multiprocessor

NTFS

XPPro

800X600Pixel

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O
OSC
Coom
mp
poon
neen
ntts

VirtualMemory

FileSystem

Registry

R
Reeggiissttrry
Registry

Software Hardware
ControlPanel

Registry

regedit.exe Start<Run

regedit.exe

Editor

Registry

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HKEY_CLASSE
S_ROOT

Classes

OLE

HKEY_CURREN
T_USER

User

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
hardware Drivers

Devices

HKEY_USERS

UserProfiles

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HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
HardwareProfile

Hardware

REG_BINARY
.Hexadecimal

REG_DWORD
.Hardware

4byte

REG_EXPAND_SZ
Variable

REG_MULTI_SZ
.

REG_SZ
.FixedString

REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR
Drivers Hardware

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Entries

Nameofthevalue

datatypeofthevalue

Valueitself

Backup

www.askpc.com/vbx

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VirtualMemory

Hard Disk

memory

Physical

RAM
Memory

Virtual

Swapping
4Giga

Virtual Memory

PhotoShop

CPU

Registers

Cache

RAM

VirtualMemory

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FileSystem

.

File System

HD

Hierarchy

..

File System

Sector

512 bytes

Sector

FilesSystem

Sectors

D
DiisskF
Fiillessyysstteem

Hard Disk CDROM

FAT,NTFS,ext2,ISO9660

FAT File Allocation Table

HD

MBR

.HD

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N
NeettwoorrkF
FiilleS
Syysstteem

Distributed File System

DFS

.SharedFileSystem

D
Daattaab
baasseF
FiilleS
Syysstteem
hierarchy

FAT 16

Sector

FAT NTFS

NTFS

FAT

HD FAT 32

NT

Diskquota

NTFS

Security

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O
OSIIn
ntteerrffaacce

Interface

WindowsExplorer

Explorer

HTML

Internet

.IE

explorer.exe

MyComputer

HD

CDDrives Networkdrives

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79

C
Coon
nttrroolP
Paan
neell

.WindowsXP

ClassicView

ControlPanel

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Accessibility


..

AddHardware

Driver

Wizard

Hardware

Add/RemovePrograms


.WindowsComponents

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AdministrativeTools

System Administrator

System Security System Performance

Interface

Date&Time
.Bios

Display

Wallpapers

Folderoptions



Explorer

Tools

.FolderOption

Fonts

Fonts

OS

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GameControllers

Games

Joystick

InternetOptions

InternetExplorer

Keyboard

Mouse
.

NetworkConnections

Firewall

LAN

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Phone&ModemOptions

Modem

PowerOptions

supply

UPS Uninterruptiblepower

Printers&faxes

Regional &LanguageSettings


.

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Scanners&Cameras

Scanners

SecurityCenter

Firewall
update

WindowsXPSP2

Automatic

.EnableorDisable

Sound&AudioDevices





.

SpeechSetting


.

System

Hardware

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Taskbar&Startmenu

start

UserAccounts

Administrator

C
Coom
mp
pu
utteerM
Maan
naaggeem
meen
ntC
Coon
nssoollee

Administrative tools
Remote Computer

Local Computer

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managementconsole

Computer

RightClick

Manage

My

Managementconsol

Services&Application

SystemTools

Storage

S
SyysstteemT
Toooolls
EventViewer

Events

Security logs

Sharedfolders

Sharing

Performancelogs&Alerts
System

DeviceManager

System

Drivers

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S
Sttoorraagge
:

Removablestorage

.CD

DiskDefragmenter
Defrag HD
HD

Diskmanagement

HD

S
Seerrvviiccees&A
Ap
pp
plliiccaattiioon
ns

:

Services

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WMIControl
Windowsmanagementinstrument

IndexingServices

OS Interface

Workshop

Workshop

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A
Acccceessssoorriiees&S
SyysstteemT
Toooolls

Programs

Accessibility
.

Communications

Remote

.Access

Entertainment
.

SystemTools

Backup

System restore

AddressBook

Outlook

.Express

Accessories

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CommandLineInterface
CLI

DOS

N
Neettw
woorrkP
Pllaaccees

LAN

.IP

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T
Taassk
kb
baar&S
SyysstteemT
Trraay

Taskbar
Tray

System

StartMenu

Start

C:\Documentsandsettings\username\startmenu\
username Account

Start

.Mouse

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D
DeevviicceM
Maan
naaggeer

Drivers

ControlPanel

Workshop

.System

OS Interface

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S
SyysstteemF
Fiillees&D
DiisskP
Paarrttiittiioon
ns

Disk Partitions

Windows NT

Windows2000 WindowsXP

Windows 95 Windows 3.11

.NT

NT

Boot.ini

Defaults

OS

..

BOOTSECT.DOS
.

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94

NTDETECT.COM
Hardware

Hardware

.Detect

NTLDR
.

NTOSKRNL.EXE
.

HAL.DLL
.HardwareAbstractionLayer

Hardware

OSLOADER.EXE
Reduce Instruction Set Computer RISC

.IBM

NTBOOTDD.EXE

Removable Media

.SCSI

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BOOT.INI

Bootloader
Operatingsystems

Bootloader

Timeout

.

Default

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OperatingSystems

multi(in)

partition(n) n

rdisk(n)

HD n

SCSI \path

NTLDR

RemovableMedia

NTDETECT.COM

NT

:
.32bit
.BootDisk

Boot.ini

BOOTSECT.DOS

NT

.NTDETECT.COM

NTOSKRNL.EXE

NTDETECT.COM
Hidden File

Hardware

Root

NTLDR Hardware
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
NTDETECT.COM

Registry

BUS

NTUSER.DAT

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97

HKEY_CURRENT_USER

Registry DataFiles

2000 NT

Security
System
Default
Sam
Software
System.dat
Ntuser.dat

Registry

StartRunregedit

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DiskPartitions

Fdisk

Format

Hard Disk

Partitions

HardDisk
. FAT16.FAT32
. .
.

HD

.
. .
. .HD
. .

H
HD

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FDISK
Bootable

Boot

FDISK

DOS

Hard Disk

FDISK

HardDisk

FDISK

Hard Disk

Data Life Guard

Western Digital

Partition
Format

Partition

Format

HardDisk

HD

Extended
Partition

Primary
Partition

Logical
Drives

Physical
Drive

Drivesfrom
DtoZ

C:Drive
OrPartition

Drive Partitions

PhysicalDrive

D Z Drives

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Logical

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Drive

Active Partition

Drive

Windows XP
Consol

Partition Magic

HD

Hard Disk

Management

HD Western Digital

LargeDrives

HD

FDISK

Large Drives

137GB

WindowsXPSP2

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FileSystems

.FileSystems

Sectors

Sector

Sector

F
FA
AT116

Windows
DOS

16 bit

FAT16

Partition 2.1GB 4GB

Partition 65,536

. .LongFileNames
.

Large Clusters

Cluster = (n) sector n

4Kcluster=8sectors

Partitions

. .Security
.Partition

F
FA
AT332

32 bit

2048MB

Partition

Cluster

.4K

MBR FAT

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..

N
NT
TF
FS4
OS/2

16GB

Partition

. .
.

Cluster

. .Security
. .Partition
. .
.

BadClusters

:
. .WindowsNT,2000,XP
. .400MB
.

Format Floppy Zipdrive

N
NT
TF
FS5

:
. .FileandFolderEncryptions
.

PerUserDiskQuota

.Servers

. .ActiveDirectory

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DirectoryStructure

Directory=manyFiles

.
:

Filenameandextension

FileAttributebyte

FileSize

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Extensions

EXE
ExecutableFile
DLL
Dynamic Link Library

Drv
Driver

Hardware

Sys

FileAttributes

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ReadOnly

.

Hidden
.ShowHiddenFiles

System
.

Archive

Archive bit

Date

.modified

Partitions Directories & Files

CLI Command line Interface

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Workshop

Flash

CommandLineInterface&SystemUtilities

DOS

StartRuncmd

DOS

exit

Copy

:

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]Copy[filepath/filename][destination

filepath

filename

Copy*.*c
.C

Del
:

]Del[filepath/filename

del *.*

current

.directory

Ren
:

]Ren[filepath/oldfilename][newfilename
:

Renc:name.txtnew.txt

DELTREE

:

DELTREE[Directoryname]

DIR

:

DIR/P

DIR/W

DIR *.txt

.txt

EDIT
.ASCIITEXT

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MD

CreateDirectory

MDtest test

CD
:

CD\
CD..

Root
CD[DirectoryName]

PING

Node

.
:

PING192.168.0.1

IP

PINGa192.168.0.1

IP Hostname

PINGwww.yahoo.com

IP

commandline

PING

?PING/

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PING

Folder

HD

Boot

DOS Bootable CD

Disk CDROM

FAT

NORTON NORTON Commander

DOS

!
.

S
SyysstteemU
Uttiilliittiiees

NTBACKUP

:

StartRunNTBACKUP

Backup

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Restore

CHKDSK
Check Disk

SCANDISK

Workshop

HD

StartRunCHKDSK
.Ctrl+C

DEFRAG

Command line

Accessories System tools

Command

Commandline
DEFRAG.EXE[DRIVE]b

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DRIVE

Boot

?DEFRAG.EXE

DiskCLEANUP

..
:

StartProgramsAccessoriesSystemToolsDiskCleanUp

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SCANDISK

Right Click

Scan Properties

.Tools

MSCONFIG.EXE


.

start up
Workshop

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REGEDIT

Registry

startRunregedit

SYSEDIT

SystemEditor

StartRunsysedit :

PerformanceMonitor


:

managementconsole
StartRunperfmon.msc

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TASKMANAGER

Taskbar

Taskmanager

Right Click

.Taskmanager

Applications
.

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Process
.

Performance
.

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INSTALLINGWINDOWSXPPRO

Workshop

A CPU with 300 MHz, Intel Pentium/Celeron family or AMD

Athlon/Duron/K6family
128MBRAM
1.5GBoffreeHardDiskspace
SuperVGAorHigherVideoAdapter
CDROMorDVD
KeyboardorMouse

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XP

Workshop

XP

Workshop

IIS

O
Op
peerraattiin
ngS
SyysstteemT
Trroou
ub
blleessh
hoooottiin
ng
MostCommonErrorMessages

Invalidbootfailure
.
.

.

CMOS

HD

.HardDisk

Inaccessiblebootdevice
:
.

.WindowsRegistry

Badsector

Data

.Power

HardDisk

.BootsectorVirus .

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N
NT
TL
LD
DR

NTLDRismissing

Pressctrl+alt+dlttorestartsystem

NTLDR NTDETECT.com Boot.ini

Bootcan'tfindNTLDR

Disk
NTLDR,Ntdetect.com,Boot.ini,Ntbootdd.sys

.Boot.ini

Windowsfailedtostarbecauseofmissing<DLLname>wasnotfound

DLL

.Device

Safe Mode
Restart

DLL

msconfig

Startup

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FailuretostartGUI

.
. .SafeModeCommandPromptOnly
. .WindowsPath
. .<WindowsDrivePath>\rstrui.exe :

GU

WindowsProtectionError

:
.

.VirtualDriver

Virus

.Motherboard

BIOS

:
.

BIOS

. .
.
.

powermanagement

.Screensaver

.RAM

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HARDWARE

. .SafeMode
. .SystemRestore
. .

InvalidPageFault

RAM

IllegalOperation

HD

Driver

.HD

www.askpc.com/vbx

Workshop

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.
.

Hardware Software

Hardware

Software

www.askpc.com/vbx
.

google

W
Wiin
nd
doow
wsN
Neettw
woorrk
kiin
ng

Windows XP

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Connections

Network

Places

My Network

New Connection

Setupahomeorofficenetwork

Firewall

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Connection

Properties TCP/IP

192.168.0.2

192.168.0.254

IP

SubnetMask

Networksegments

. 255.255.255.0

DefaultGateway

Gateway

Gateway

192.168.0.1

DNSserver

Sharing

Sharing

NTFS

Security

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124

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Permissions

Limits

Permissions

Simplesharing FolderOptions

Limits

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Workshop

.Microsoft

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W
Woorrk
kssh
hoop

Microsoft Symantec Winternals

.
:

ASKPC

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R
Reeffeerreen
nccees

ComputerHardwareArchitecture&Organizations,PrenticeHall
MicrosoftKB,MicrosoftCorp.
MicrosoftTechNet,MicrosoftCorp.
Hacking WindowsXP,WileyPublishing
Winternals,Administration,Troubleshooting,USA
SystemTools,Sysinternals,USA
DictionaryofNetworking,Sybex
NetworkTroubleshooting,O'Reilly

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ASKPC&CopyrightNotice
Copyright2006www.askpc.comAllRightsReserved
No part of this work may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, edited,
printed, or altered by any mean without written permission from the
author.
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theirrespectiveowners.

AboutASKPC
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MailingAddress:
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