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By: Nurul Syahirah Vaisnavy

The document discusses behaviorism, a theory of learning developed by psychologists like John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. According to behaviorism, language is a conditioned behavior learned through positive and negative reinforcement or punishment. Children learn language through imitation, repetition, and reinforcement of responses. Behaviorists believe learning is controlled by environmental conditions and that individuals subjected to the same conditions will learn in the same way.

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raathigaa2677
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20 views

By: Nurul Syahirah Vaisnavy

The document discusses behaviorism, a theory of learning developed by psychologists like John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. According to behaviorism, language is a conditioned behavior learned through positive and negative reinforcement or punishment. Children learn language through imitation, repetition, and reinforcement of responses. Behaviorists believe learning is controlled by environmental conditions and that individuals subjected to the same conditions will learn in the same way.

Uploaded by

raathigaa2677
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By : Nurul Syahirah Vaisnavy

FOUNDERS:
1) John B. Watson ( early 20th century) 2) Ivan Pavlov

3) B.F. Skinner
4) E.L Thorndike 5) Bandura

Behavior can be conditioned by altering the environment. BEHAVIORISM Manipulating and giving a certain stimulus, a certain response can be produced.

According to the psychologist Skinner : Language is a conditioned behavior: the stimulus response process (Stimulus Response Feedback Reinforcement).

Children start out as clean slates and language learning is the process of getting linguistic habits

printed on these slates through positive and negative reinforcement or punishment.


Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. Punishment decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again.

Learners learn language step by step,

i.e. Imitation - Repetition - Memorization - Controlled drilling - Reinforcement.


They learn to speak by imitating the utterances heard

around them and strengthen their responses by the repetitions, corrections, and other reactions that adults provide.
Therefore, language is practice based.

Learning is controlled by the conditions under which

it takes place and that, as long as individuals are subjected on the same condition,
They will learn in the same condition.

In summary, the behaviorist is not concerned with how or why knowledge is obtained, but rather if the correct response is given.

The following is a list of behaviorist principles quite often applied in teaching and learning in the classroom :
Use a system of rewards to encourage certain behaviors and

learning. Provide immediate and frequent feedback for complex and difficult concepts Provide practice, drill and review activities to enhance mastery of facts Break down complex task into smaller and manageable sub skills Sequence material from simple to more difficult to enhance understanding Reinforce when students demonstrate the modeled behavior Establish a contract with students on the work to be done and what rewards will be given

CRITICS
Some teachers fear that rewarding students for all

learning will cause students to lose interest in learning for its own sake. Using a reward system or giving one student increased attention may have a detrimental effect on other students in the classroom.

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